Subject: Il-Khannids, the Subject Khan

Geography

South/East Mongol Lands

Iraq, Western Arabia, Iran,

Persia

Christian lands to the East & Muslim Lands to the West

Hulagu• Kulabi’s brother• “Subject” to Great Khan

Leader of the Il-Khannids

• What did Chiniggis do to Persia?• Rebuilt after Mongol devastation

Recognized the need for thriving Cities

• Food – established agricultureCities need _____ to survive?

• Wife was Christian• Supported Christian Regimes in EuropeReligion

Hulagu established capital in Tabriz

Commishened art and imported astrology from Yuan

Yassa – Religious toleration

Military prestige

Il-Khan Legitimacy

Mamluks Egyptian Muslims

Defeated Hulagu in Palestine

Golden Horde

Berke = Islamic / Hulagu = Christian

Geo-political constraints

Chagatai Encroachment from the East

Golden Horde/Chagatai alliance

Politics: Enemies

Siege of Baghdad

Religion of Baghdad Islamic Hulagu = Christian/Buddhist

Caliph = Muslim ruler

Army was led by

________Guo Kan (Han) Allies with Great Khan of the

Yuan Dynasty

Flooded city The Tigris river ran black with ink

Death count from 200,000 to 1,000,000

Legacy Baghdad was a ruined, depopulated city for centuries Syrian surrender

Politics: Alliances

Europeans

Mutual desire to destroy

Islam

Began seeing Mongol’s as allies near

1260

Yuan Dynasty

Kublai & Hulagu = Brothers

“Subject Khan” to Kublai

Syrians

Recognized Destruction of

Baghdad

Did not want to be

destroyed themselves

European Connection• Chinese/Italian Trade• Chinese Influence over artTabriz

• United against Mamluks• Mongols protected Christian VassalsCrusades

• Italian’s wore Mongol military dress• Mongol lettering can be found in

ItalyTextile/Script

Converted to Islam

Although converted to Islam, Ghazan continued battles with….

Allowed the “Yassa” Mongol code

Destroyed churches

Married a woman sent by Kublai Khan

and escorted by Marco Polo

Mamluks in Egypt

Religious tolerance

Gave tax exempt status to Christians

Hulagu Ghazan

Post-Ghazan: Failures

Economics

• Focus on military resulted in lowered trade• Decentralized

Mismanagement• Allowed horses to graze on crops

Government

• Increased taxes• Fractionalism

Religion

• Hostility to Islam• Notably: Despite converion, continued fueds with

Muslims