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Atomic Theory PolkaAtomic Theory Polka
Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.wondrous place.
Dalton did experiments and said, “I think Dalton did experiments and said, “I think it’s clear, atoms are tiny indestructible it’s clear, atoms are tiny indestructible spheres.”spheres.”
Thomson worked with cathode rays and Thomson worked with cathode rays and said, “I disagree. A plum-pudding model said, “I disagree. A plum-pudding model makes much more sense to me.”makes much more sense to me.”
A new chapter in atomic theory started to A new chapter in atomic theory started to unfold when Rutherford played around unfold when Rutherford played around with atoms made of gold. When a few of with atoms made of gold. When a few of his alpha particles came bounding back, his alpha particles came bounding back, he hypothesized a nucleus had knocked he hypothesized a nucleus had knocked them off the track.them off the track.
Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.wondrous place.
Bohr saw spectral lines for hydrogen and Bohr saw spectral lines for hydrogen and said, “It seems to me.. Electrons move in said, “It seems to me.. Electrons move in orbits with specific energies.”orbits with specific energies.”
electron
neutron
proton
Heisenberg said, “Forget it, there’s no Heisenberg said, “Forget it, there’s no way to know the orbit or a path, where way to know the orbit or a path, where the electron’s gonna go.”the electron’s gonna go.”
Schrödinger used lots and lots of fancy Schrödinger used lots and lots of fancy mathematics, and made a model of the mathematics, and made a model of the atom based on quantum mechanics. It atom based on quantum mechanics. It has orbitals and those are based on has orbitals and those are based on probability. The atom is a fuzzy blob of probability. The atom is a fuzzy blob of pure uncertainty.pure uncertainty.
Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, Schrödinger and Heisenberg, and many, many more. Used their brains to venture many more. Used their brains to venture in the realm of inner space and found the in the realm of inner space and found the world of the atom was a weird and world of the atom was a weird and wondrous place.wondrous place.
Subatomic ParticlesSubatomic Particles PROTONSPROTONS pp++
In the nucleusIn the nucleus +1 charge+1 charge 1 amu1 amu
ELECTRONELECTRON ee--
In electron cloudIn electron cloud -1 charge-1 charge 11//18401840 amu amu
NEUTRONNEUTRON nnoo
In the nucleusIn the nucleus No chargeNo charge 1 amu1 amu
Atomic numberAtomic number
Used to arrange elements in PT by Used to arrange elements in PT by MosleyMosley
# of PROTONS# of PROTONS
# of ELECTRONS # of ELECTRONS IFIF an ATOM an ATOM
IsotopesIsotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in Atoms of the same element that differ in the # of neutronsthe # of neutrons
11p+
11no
11p+
12no
Atomic MassAtomic Mass
The The weightedweighted average of all isotopes. average of all isotopes. Always a decimal (unless a man-made Always a decimal (unless a man-made
element)element)
Mass numberMass number
Mass of an isotopeMass of an isotope AlwaysAlways a whole number – a whole number – not on PTnot on PT # of PROTONS + NEUTRONS# of PROTONS + NEUTRONS
NuclideNuclide Tells atomic # and mass # of an atomTells atomic # and mass # of an atom
23231111NaNa
Sodium-23 has ____ protons, ___ electrons Sodium-23 has ____ protons, ___ electrons and ____ neutronsand ____ neutrons
11 1112
CATIONSCATIONS
Cations are pawsitive and are written Cations are pawsitive and are written with a plus charge on the upper right.with a plus charge on the upper right. LOST an e-, have more protons; therefore LOST an e-, have more protons; therefore
positive.positive. Charge indicates the number of electrons Charge indicates the number of electrons lostlost..
Hint: cation has a Hint: cation has a tt which looks like which looks like ++
ANIONSANIONS
Anions are negative and written with a Anions are negative and written with a negative charge on the upper right.negative charge on the upper right. GAINED an e-, have more electrons; GAINED an e-, have more electrons;
therefore negative.therefore negative. Charge indicates number of electrons Charge indicates number of electrons gained.gained.
36361717ClCl--
_____ protons _____ neutrons _____ protons _____ neutrons _____ electrons_____ electrons1718
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