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Stuff we should all know!

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Page 1: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Stuff we should all know!

Page 2: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960• Democrat: John F. Kennedy• Republican: Richard Nixon

Page 3: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Who was JFK?

• 43 year old Senator from Massachusetts

• WW2 veteran who was awarded medals for his bravery

• Came from a very wealthy family• Married to Jacqueline Kennedy

Page 4: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Who was Richard Nixon?

• Served in the US Navy during WW2• Nixon served in the House and the

Senate in the late 1940’s-early 1950’s• Had a reputation for being anti-

Communist• Served as Vice President under

President Eisenhower

Page 5: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

The turning point of the election was the televised debate• By 1960, the TV played a major role in

Presidential politics • When Nixon arrived at the debate, he

did not wear make-up, had a five o’clock shadow, and began to sweat under the hot lights

• JFK was tanned and relaxed• JFK looked directly to the camera

Page 6: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

The results of the 1960 election• JFK won in a very close election• This was one of the closest

elections in American history• JFK entered the White House

without a mandate (public endorsement of the President’s proposals)

Page 7: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

JFK was assassinated on November 22, 1963

• JFK was in Dallas to begin his reelection campaign

• This was the first public appearance for Jackie Kennedy since her c-section and death of their baby (that happened in August)

Page 8: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

People knew exactly where JFK would be because his parade route was published in the newspaper

• Today, a President’s plans are not announced until a few days ahead of time

• Also, a President’s entrance and exit routes are never publicized

Page 9: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Lee Harvey Oswald shot and killed JFK• Oswald was a former Marine and

an alleged supporter of Fidel Castro

• Two days later, Oswald was shot and killed by Jack Ruby

• Jack Ruby wanted to spare Jackie Kennedy the pain of a trial

Page 10: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Warren Commission was the government investigation into JFK’s assassination

• The Warren Commission determined that Oswald acted alone

• They also said there was no conspiracy behind JFK’s assassination

• Many Americans do not believe the Warren Commission

Page 11: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Watergate: the scandal that involved the breaking in of the Democratic National Office in 1972

Page 12: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Henry Kissinger claimed that Nixon had three goals

• 1. To win the 1972 election in the largest landslide in American history

• 2. To be remembered as a peace maker

• 3. To be accepted by the “Establishment”

Page 13: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

As early as 1969, Nixon and his staff created an “enemies list”• Anyone who criticized Nixon’s

policies could find themselves on this list

• Nixon targeted the media

Page 14: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

People on the “Enemies List”

• Senator Edward Kennedy• Jane Fonda• Steve McQueen

Page 15: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

In the Fall of 1971, Nixon began using the “plumbers”

• The “plumbers” were former CIA and FBI agents who tried to stop leaks coming from the Nixon Administration

• Nixon was especially upset at the leaking of the Pentagon Papers, which gave out secrets about the Vietnam War

• The “plumbers” did their work in the name of national security

Page 16: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Famous “plumbers”

• Howard Hunt (spy novelist and former CIA agent)

• G. Gordon Liddy (former FBI agent)

Page 17: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

The Committee to Reelect the President (CREEP) used questionable tactics

• CREEP was headed by John Mitchell, the former Attorney General

• The purpose of CREEP was to collect as much money as possible

Page 18: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

CREEP also tried to discredit Nixon’s opponents

• Edmund Muskie, a Democratic Presidential candidate did not react well when CREEP sent a letter to a New Hampshire newspaper claiming that Muskie’s wife was an alcoholic

• Muskie ended up crying on TV and dropped out of the Presidential race

Page 19: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

June 17, 1972

• Five men are arrested for the break-in of the Democratic National Committee office at the Watergate office building

• “Plumbers” Liddy and Hunt were a part of the break-in

Page 20: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Nixon won the 1972 Presidential election

• Nixon defeated George McGovern in one of the biggest electoral landslides in American history

Page 21: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

How did Nixon’s involvement in Watergate become an issue?• Washington Post

reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein kept digging for the truth

• Their source, “Deep Throat” claimed that the White House and CREEP hired 50 agents to sabotage the Democrats in the 1972 election

Page 22: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Who was “Deep Throat?”

• “Deep Throat” was Mark Felt• Mark Felt was angry that he was

passed over for a big promotion at the FBI

• Mark Felt revealed his identity in 2005 (he has since died)

Page 23: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

By the Spring of 1973, the legislative and judicial branches were investigating Watergate • Watergate burglar James McCord

admitted that “top White House officials” planned and, later, covered up the break-in

• Nixon’s role in Watergate was still unknown

Page 24: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

However, it soon emerged that Nixon had tape recorded his conversations in the White House

• Former Nixon assistant Alexander Butterfield told Senate investigators about Nixon’s tapes

• Special prosecutor Archibald Cox demanded that Nixon turn over the tapes

Page 25: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Nixon declined claiming “executive privilege” and the tapes could endanger national security

• A Federal judge ordered Nixon to release the tapes

• The released tapes included an 18 minute gap, where the conversation was erased

Page 26: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

August 9, 1974

• President Richard Nixon resigned • Gerald Ford takes over as

President• Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon for his

role in Watergate (so, he faced no criminal charges)

Page 27: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Many people associate the term “feminism” with the 1960’s• Feminism: the belief that women

should have economic, political, and social equality with men

• In reality, feminism began in the 1890’s

• By the 1950’s, many American women were still fighting the stereotype that they should be at home

Page 28: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

WW2 had opened up many employment and educational opportunities for women

• In 1950, 25% of all college degrees were earned by women

• By 1970, that number was up to 43%

Page 29: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

The feminist movement took on a new organization in the 1960’s• Betty Friedan wrote a book in 1963

called The Feminine Mystique, which discussed the dissatisfying lives of housewives

• The Feminine Mystique inspired woman to come together and form support groups to discuss their experiences

Page 30: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

In 1966, frustrated women eventually formed the National Organization for Women (NOW)

• The goal of NOW was “to take action to bring American women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now”

• NOW wanted fair pay and equal job opportunities

• NOW attacked the media for their portrayal of women

Page 31: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Some women thought NOW was too extreme

• Some critics thought NOW only benefited white, middle class, educated women

Page 32: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Another influential feminist was Gloria Steinem

• Steinem was a journalist who began Ms. Magazine

• Ms. Magazine was controversial because it pushed for abortion rights

Page 33: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

One of the biggest laws passed that benefited women was Title IX (1972)

• Title IX states that any educational institution receiving federal funding may not discriminate based on gender

• Many people today know Title IX as the law that made women’s sports equal to men in college

• Today, colleges must have equal funding for women’s sports or equal offerings

Page 34: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Title IX has allowed more women to attend college

• Today, more women receive college diplomas than men

Page 35: Stuff we should all know!. One of the most famous elections in US history took place in 1960 Democrat: John F. Kennedy Republican: Richard Nixon

Perhaps the biggest moment in the feminist movement was the Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision

• Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the US• The US Supreme Court based their

decision on abortion being a personal privacy

• States could still outlaw abortion after the first trimester

• Abortion remains legal in the US today