Study Guide for LA History Test 1. Who conquered the Aztec Empire? Spanish Cortes 2. Who conquered the Incan Empire? Spanish Pizarro 3. Who was Montezuma? Ruler of the Aztec Empire when Cortes arrived 4. Who was Pizarro? Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire 5. What was the Columbian Exchange? Exchange of goods, plants, and diseases between the Americas, Europe/Asia, and Africa. In other wordsthe exchange of goods, plants and diseases between the Old World and the New World and the New World and the Old World. 6. List any six items that were exchanged in the Columbian Exchange. Agricultural goods Potatoes Beans Maize Squash Tomatoes Chocolate Sugarcane Wheat Livestock Sheep Goats Pigs Cattle *Horse Diseases Small pox measles 7. Why did the Spanish need slaves from Africa? To work on plantations or in the mines, especially after many indigenous Americans were lost to disease 8. Tell three important facts about Miguel Hidalgo. Mexican priest Fought for Mexican independence Executed before reaching his goal 9. Tell three important facts about Toussaint LOuverture. Slave from Haiti Worked for Haiti's Independence Captured by France 10. Tell three important facts about Simon Bolivar. Worked toward South American Independence Led armies through Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Peru, and helped fight in Argentina and what is now Bolivia (named after him) Died without achieving his goal of a united South America 11. What three cultures are blended together today in Latin America? European African Indigenous American (Native American) 12. What was Triangular Trade? Trade of manufactured goods from Europe, slaves from Africa and raw materials from the American colonies. 13. Why do most people in Latin America speak Spanish or Portuguese and practice Roman Catholicism? Due to colonization of Spain and Portugal 14. What do Venezuela and Mexico have in common besides the Spanish language They are both major oil producers 15. What is one lasting impact of the Cuban Revolution? Cuba is a communist country Poor country since the Soviet Union fell Raul, Castros brother, is currently the dictator 16. Who is Fidel Castro? Leader of the Cuban Revolution Leader of the Cuban government for 50 years 17. How has Cubas government impacted its economic relationship with the US? U.S. has an embargo with Cuba 18. Why is Cuba's location a threat to the US? Cuba is so close to the US that they could launch a nuclear bomb targeting our country. 19. Why were the Zapatistas upset? The government did not give the people of Chiapas what they needed. Wanted better health care, education and jobs. 20. Who was Emiliano Zapata? A hero in the Mexican Revolution Zapatistas were named after this freedom fighter 21. How have the activities of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation changed the lives of the people in Chiapas? The indigenous Americans and peasants of Chiapas have started their own health and education programs. 22. Describe the New Spain society hierarchy. Peninsulares Criollos;Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Americans(indigenous) African Slaves