studio sul rilascio di microplastiche derivanti dai capi...
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Studio sul rilascio di
microplastiche derivanti dai
capi sintetici
R. Mossotti CNR ISMAC Biella
Mermaids Workshop 4 Novembre 2016
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• Characterize and quantify microplastics contained in different laundry effluents.
• Estimate the influence of additives and detergents in lowering microplastics release.
• Evaluate the influence of textile characteristics that could affect fiber release.
• Increase the knowledge and the awareness of consumers and professionals with a set of policy recommendations (voluntary and mandatory ones) by following the guidelines of The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive - MSFD, 2008/56/EC.
MERMAIDS project
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SURVEY ON DOMESTIC WASHING HABITS
831 questionnaires were handed out and 530 were selected as useful
Washing machine average load
Water used cycle
Washing Cycles per Week
Drying machine brand and capacity
Drying machine program
Washing machine brand
Washing program
Washing Temperature
Wash duration
Pretreatment
Centrifugation
MAIN TOPIC
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Most common washing machine brand: Bosh, Whirpool, LG, Indesit and AEG
Washing Temperature more often used: 30-40°C
Washing duration: 60-90 minutes
Pretreatment specially used for white clothing
Centrifugation: 800-1000 rpm
6,7 Washes/household week
MAIN RESULTS
25% of respondents use the 70-80% of clothing made of natural fibers.
15% of respondents use clothing made of natural and synthetic fibers in the
same quantity.
26.5% only synthetic fibers.
WASHING CONDITIONS
CLOTHING
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LAB STEP
TREND IN MICROFIBRES RELEASE ON SIMULATED
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASHINGS
Linitest
Equipment
Standard
Fabric
CNR-ISMAC/LEITAT
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DETERGENTS
•R: Reference (only distilled water)
•DL1: Detergent Liquid 1
•DL2: Detergent Liquid 2
•DL3: Detergent Liquid 3 for wool
•DL4: Detergent Liquid 4 for synthetic
textiles
•BL1: Bleach Liquid 1
•BL2: Bleach Liquid 2
•OL1: Oxy Liquid 1
•SL1: Softener Liquid 1
•OP1: Oxy Powder 1 (percarbonate)
•DP1: Detergent Powder 1
• IB: Sapo Igienbucato; pH washing
solution = 8.2
•OXI: Sapo OXITEX; pH washing
solution = 4.5
OPERATIVE CONDITIONS
• Temperature: 40°, 60°, 75°C, 90 °C
• Time:45 min, 60 min
• Balls:0,10,20, 25
• Distilled and hard water
TESTS
Woven and knitted
Standard Fabrics:
PET, PP, PA, PAC
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Tygon Tubes
Filter Holder
Peristaltic Pump
FILTRATION STEP
PVDF Filter
with pore size
of 5 microns
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FILTERS
PVDF Millipore filters with pore size of 5 μm
received from CNR – ISMAC
and from LEITAT
EVALUATION OF FIBRES AMOUNT Scanning Electron
Microscopy
SEM Analysis was performed by CNR-ICTP and CNR–ISMAC
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SEM IMAGES OF FIBERS FRAGMENTS
COLLECTED ON FILTERS
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Study of microfiber release
from a washing machine
• Washing of clothings based on syntetic fibers or blends with natural fibers,
using WASCATOR according to UNI EN 26330:1996
• Standard powder detergent ECE 1 g/l
• Bath ratio during washing 1:10
• 2 kg load
• T= 40°C
• Time = 60 min
• 4 rinses after the main washing process
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ANALYSIS OF WASHING EFFLUENT
Fibers identification by light microscopy, FT-IR
Fiber quantification by DSC, TGA, chemical methods
Weighed
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FINISHING OF STANDARD TEXTILES
Tested by CNR-ISMAC on Industrial scale by
using equipment supplied by Tintoria
Finissaggio 2000-Biella
Finishing Treatment of Polyester fabrics with Purlastic 889 and Polysilk CTE
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Work Plan: LAB STEP
TREND IN MICROFIBRES RELEASE ON
PROFESSIONAL LAUNDRY MACHINE
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DETERGENTS
•R: Reference (only distilled water)
•DL1: Detergent Liquid 1
•DL2: Detergent Liquid 2
•DL3: Detergent Liquid3
OPERATIVE CONDITIONS
• Temperature: 40°, 60°,
•Load 0,5kg
TESTS
PET Standard Fabrics
TREATED STANDARD
FABRIC
Professional washing machine (rent)
6,5 kg load with dosing pumps.
WASHING PROGRAM:
WASH & WEAR, 60°C, 55 min, 1200
rpm spin-dryer.
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Conclusions & Next steps
EVALUATION OF THE
MICROPLASTICS RELEASE
COMING FROM A
COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY
• 2 white duvet made of polyester
• 2 fabrics made of polyester
fibers (reference and
treated with a finishing
treatment generally applied
in the commercial laundry)
4 FURTHER WASHINGS PERFORMED IN
REAL CONDITIONS (INDUSTRIAL
SCALE,WASHING MACHINE WITH
MAX LOAD 18 KGS )
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FUTURE WORK Medium and Long-term goals
NEW GUIDELINES FOR INDUSTRIES AND CONSUMERS:
• BREF update (Best available techniques for the textile industry)
• Policy recommendations (coherently with European Policies concerning the marine environment, e.g. MSFD 2008/56/EC)
• Updates of the voluntary legislation (e.g. EU-Ecolabel, GPP)