studierea si analiza proceselor de afumare a produselor din carne.doc
TRANSCRIPT
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
Cuprins
INTRODUCERE.....4
1. STUDIUL BIBLIOGRAFIC ......5
1.1.Baza teoret!" # $ra!t!" a $ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are...5
1.2.+ro$et",'e )&*&'& .....- 1.3.Me!a%*&' a)&*"r .12
1.4. Mo()!"r'e )z!o !/*!e o!/*!e a $ro(&%e'or 'a a)&*are ........................1 1.5. Meto(e (e a)&*are.........................................................................................................1
1.6. I!te # %ta'a, (e a)&*are16 1.7. Ioa re!ete re)ertor 'a &t'zare $ro!e%e'or (e a a)&*are 3 (&%tra !"r ..1- 1.8. Co!'&z # $ro$&er..2-
2. CARACTERISTICA +RODUSULUI FINIT I A MATERIALELOR2-
2.1.Cara!ter%t!a $ro(&%&'& )t....02.2. Cara!ter%t!a *atere $r*e.....2
2.3. Cara!ter%t!a *atere a&'are....
2.4. S!/e*e'e'o! (e )ar!a,e..7
3. CALCULULE TE8NOLOGICE..........................................................................................44
3.1.Re,ete'e (e )ar!are a $ro(&%&'& $roe!tat...44
3.2. Ca'!&' *atere $r*e. Ra(a*et&' $ro(&%&'& )t...................................................44
3.3. Ca'!&'&' *atera'e'or a&'are......................................................................................45
3.4. Ca'!&'&' # %e'e!tarea &t'a9&'& # etar&'& te/o'o:!............................................4;
3.5De%!rerea $ro!e%&'& te/o'o:!...................................................................................4-
4. CONTROLUL +ROCESULUI DE +RODUC IE ...............................................................51
4.1. Cotro'&' *atere $r*e # a&'are.............................................................................51
4.2. Cotro'&' )'&&'& te/o'o:! (e $ro(&!ere...52
4.3 Cotro'&' $ro(&%&'& )t...54
4.4.Cotro'&' %atareterar............................................................................................55
5. CALCULUL EFICACIT
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
5.3. Ca'!&'&' e!e%t", 3 re%&r%e *atera'oeer:et!e......................................................5-
5.4. +'a&' *&! # a' !a(re'or..........................................................................................62
5.5. +'a&' )a!ar.............................................................................................................64
5.6. Rez&'tate'e e!oo*!o)a!are.................................................................................66
6. SECURITATEA ACTI>IT< II >ITALE ...........................................................................67
6.1. Itro(&!ere...................................................................................................................67
6.2. Aa'za !o(,'or (e *&!".......................................................................................67
6.3. M"%&r 3 (o*e&' $rote!,e # $reer...................................................................6-
6.4. M"%&r (e %e!&rtate # %""tate 3 *&!".....................................................................;
6.5. M"%&r 3*$otra !e('or e$'oz'or ...................................................................;4
6.6. +rote a *e(&'& a*at .............................................................................................;5
BIBLIOGRAFIE.......................................................................................................................;7
S+ECIFICA=IE........................................................................................................................70
ANE?E.....................................................................................................................................71
INTRODUCERE
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
Ut'zarea a)&*"r $etr& !are $ro(&%e ( !are %&t !&o%!&te 3!" ( E&' Me(&@ 3
!are !area era '"%at" %" at3re 'er t*$ (e !3tea %"$t"*3@ $etr& a ) a)&*at".
C& toate !" a%t"z@ te/o'o:a !o*$&terzat" !e e %t" 'a (%$oz,e e o)er" $o%'tatea
&e a)&*"r $er)e!te a !"r@ *eto(e'e e!/ a& )o%t $"%trate # )oarte $&, *o()!ate. F&*&' e%te
o,&t 3 &r*a ar(er *ater'or aor:a!e. A)&*area !"r $er*te !o%&*area a!e%tea (&$" o
(&rat" (e 'a o ere@ !3t # )'&e,eaz" !a'tatea %ezora'".
Ut'zarea &t'a9&'& *e!a! # ter*! 'a 3tre$r(er'e (e !are $er*te )a!'tarea
!o(,'or (e '&!r& # *"rrea $ro(&!tt", # o,erea $ro(&%e'or )te (e o !a'atete 3a't". )&!,e (e (e%ta,a )&!,oa'" a &t'a9&'& te/o'o:! 3 (&%tra !ar@ a!e%ta $oate )
!'a%)!at 3 &t'a9 *e!a! &t'a9 ter*! &t'a9 )r:or)!. $rezet %&t #te !er,e a !a't", )oarte 3a'te@ (ea!eea e%te eoe $e '3:" %$e!a'#t
!& e$ere," # !&o#t,e a%te *a e%te eoe # (e &t'a9e $er)or*ate. Doar $r *e!azarea
$ro!e%&'& $&te* o,e rez&'tate &e. A)&*area e%te & $ro!e% a9&t"tor (e !o%erare a
$ro(&%e'or %"rate@ !are (e !e'e *a *&'te or e%te 3%o,t # (e a!,&ea te*$erat&r r(!ate. E)e!t&'
$r!$a' a' a)&*"r !o%t" 3 3*&"t",rea :&%t&'& (atort" $ro$ret",'or !o*$oe,'or )&*&'&
# a!,& te*$erat&r 'a !are %e )a!e a)&*area. La a!ea%t" %e *a a(a&:" 3*&"t",rea a%$e!t&'&
(atort" !&'or %$e!)!e $e !are o !a$"t" $ro(&%e'e@ $re'&:rea (&rate (e !o%erare (atort"
a!,& ata!teree a !o*$oe,'or )&*&'&@ $re!&* # o a!,&e ato(at".F&*&' e%te & aero%o' )or*at (tr& a*e%te! (e aer !& $ro( a ar(er !o*$'ete a
'e*&'& %a& r&*e:&'&. A:et&' (e (%$er%are e%te aer&'@ ar )aza (%$er%" e%te at3t '!/(" !3t #
%o'(" # :azoa%" a$or (e a$a@ $art!&'e %o'(e@ :aze et!..Fa," (e %o'&,'e !o'o(a'e@ aero%o' a& o
%ta'tate )oarte *are. +art!&'e'e 'or $rezt" o *#!are roa" )oarte te%" # %e !oa:&'eaz"or. +art!&'e'e $&ter! (%$er%ate a'e aero%o'&'& %&t a!o$erte !& & )e' (e $e'!&'" )or*at" (
*o'e!&'e (e aer@ ( !are !a&z" $atr&(erea 3 $ro(&% a !o*$oe,'or a!t a )&*&'& e%te
3:re&at".Cattatea # )e'&' %&%ta,e'or !/*!e ( )&*@ $re!&* # !attatea (e )&* !are %e o,e
3tro a)&*are (e$(e (e )e'&' !o*&%t'&'& # (e !o(,'e (e ar(ere. I()eret (e e%e,a
'e*&'& %e o,@ 3 :eera'@ &r*ator !o*$oe, :aze CO@ CO2@ C84@ 82@ C284 a$or (e a$"
'!/(e !o%t3( ( %era (e a!z a'!oo' a'(e/(e :&(roae oare %o'(e !o%tt&te (
$art!&'e (e !ar&e )&:e@ !e" et!.A!,&ea at%e$t!" a )&*&'& e%te (eter*at" (e !o*$oe, )&*&'& # (e te*$erat&ra
(e a)&*are.Ma9ortatea !er!et"r'or atr&e a!,&ea a!ter!(" a )&*&'&@ )eo''or@ a'(e/(e'or #
a!z'or. Feo' %&t &a ( %&%tate'e a!ter!(e !e'e *a $&ter!e ( )&*@ !& toate !" 3 )&*
%e a)'" & !o,&t (e )eo' (e%t&' (e *!.
1. STUDIUL BIBLIOGRAFIC
St&(&' 'o:ra)! a' teze (e '!e," St&(erea aa'za $ro!e%e'or (e a)&*are a$ro(&%e'or ( !areH@ !o%t" 3 aa'za 'terat&r te/!e # (e %$e!a'tate@ oa,'or@ e,'or
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
re)ertor 'a &t'zarea $ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are 3 te/o'o:'e !"r $ro(&%e'or ( !are@ a%:&r3(
toto(at" !a'tatea %:&ra a a'*etar". Sa e)e!t&at o aa'z" $ro)&(" a te/o'o:'or aa%ate (e
$ro(&!ere@ a!,& $ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are a%&$ra !a't", # %a'&rt", $ro(&%e'or.Teza a )o%t e'aorat" 3 aza %a'a*&'& %e*a)&*at Co(r&MH !a'tatea II # %$e!a't",
J$a%tra*" (e C/#"&JJ !a'tatea %&$roar".
1.1. B! "#$r#"i%& 'i pr%"i%& pr$%#su(ui )# *u+r#
$ro!e%&' (e )ar!are a' *ar *a9ort", a $re$arate'or (e !are@ a)&*area !o%tt&e )aza
)a'" # (e !e'e *a *&'te or !/ar )aza $r!$a'" a trata*et&'& ter*!.+r a)&*are $re$arate'e
(e !are !a$"t" !&'oarea !ara!ter%t!" @ :&%t&'@ aro*a # !o%era'tatea e!e%ar".F&*&' e%te & aero%o'@ )or*at (tr& a*e%te! (e aer # $ro( a ar(er !o*$'ete a
'e*&'& %a& a r&*e:&'&. A:et&' (e (%$er%e e%te aer&' @ ar )aza (%$er%" e%te at3t '!/("@ !3t #
%o'(" # :azoa%". +art!&'e'e (e )&* aero%o' a& o %ta'tate )oarte *are )a," (e %o'&,'e
!o'o(a'e@ $rezet3( o *#!are roa" )oarte te%" # or %e !oa:&'eaz". E'e %3t a!o$erte !&
o $e'!&'" (e aer .D !are !a&z" $"tr&(erea 3 $ro(&% a !o*$oe,'or a!t a )&*&'& e%te
()!'". D $&!t (e e(ere a' at&r %a'e@ )&*&' e%te & aero%o' (%$er%at 3 aer !o,3( :aze
e!o(e%a'e $re!&* N2@ 82@ O2@ CO@ C84@ CO2@ C284@ a$or (e a$"'!/(e@ )or*ate ( a!z
)or*!@ !a$ro!@ a!et!@ )&ra!@a:e'!@ ':o!er! # 'a!toa a!(&'& a'era! a'!oo' !a
*et'! @ et'!@ a'!'!@ zoa*'!@ # zo&t'! !etoe@ (tre !are a!etoa # (a!et'&' a'(e/(e@ !a
a'(e/(a )or*!"@ a!et!"@ (*et' a!eta'(e/(a # )&r)&ro'&' :&(roae oare !o,3( & a*e%te!
(e /(ro!ar&r aro*at!e@ )eo'@ !rezo'@ :&a9a!o'@ 'eo'@ $ro!ate!/" # (era, 'or %o'(e@
!o%tt&e ( $art!&'e (e !"r&e )&:e@ !e". A!e%tea ( &r*" %e :"%e%! 3 )or*" (e
$art!&'e !o(e%ate '!/(e !& (a*etr&'(e [email protected]@1 K*@ $art!&'e %o'(e rez&'tate 3 &r*a ar(er
!o*$'ete a 'e*&'&@ &eor $art!&'e (e )&:e %a& !/ar !e" @ 4.
1.1.1. C$+p$!i,i %-i+i%& *u+u(uiF&*&' %e o,e $r ar(erea *o!t" a r&*e:&'& or &*e( (%t'are &*e(" Ce'e *a
*$ortate :r&$e (e %&%ta,e or:a!e ( )&* a!z a')at! *oo!aro'! a!( )or*!@ a!( a!et!@ $ro$o!@ &tr!@ zo&tr!@ a'era!@ !a$ro!@ et! a!z !eto! a!( !eto:'&tar!@ a!( 'e&r!
a!z a')at! (!aro'! a!( *a'!@ )&*ar!@ %&!!! oa!z aro*at! a!( rezor!! # a'! a'(e/(e # a!eta' a'(e/(" )or*!"@ a!et!"@ $ro$o!"@ &tr!"@ a'era!"@
zoa'era!" !etoa'(e/(e :'oa'&' # *et' :'oa'&' a'(e/(e /etero!!'!e )&r)&ro'@ *et')&r)&ro'@ )&ro'&' # *et'/(ro)&r)&ro'&' a'(e/(e aro*at!e eza'(e/("@ a'"@ ortoa'"@ et!. !etoe a')at!e (*et'!eto"@ *et'et'!eto"@ *et'$ro$'!eto"@ et! (!etoe # !etoe !!'!e a'!oo' a'!oo' *et'!@ et'e!@ zo$ro$'!
)eo' # e%ter *oo )eo' # !rezo' # (era, a!e%tora )eo' # e%ter ( /(ro!/oa # :&aa!o'&' # (era, 'or )eo' # e%ter tr $ra:a'o'&' # )'oro:'&!a # (era, 'or
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
a*e *et'a*a@ et'a*a@ &t'a*a /(ro!ar&r aro*at!e eze@ to'&e@ @4ez$re e%ter a!z'or *oo!aro'! *et')or*at@ *et'a!etat.
Ra$ort&' *e(& (tre %&ta,e'e or:a!e a)'ate 3 %tare (e a$or # !e'e '!/(e %& )or*"
(e $!"t&r e%te (e 17@ $etr& )&*&' re!e 20...25oC # (e !!a. 101 'a o te*$erat&r" a )&*&'& (e
400oC. Dtre %&ta,e'e '!/(e a)'ate 3 !o*$oz,a )&*&'&@ !e'e !& $o(erea !ea *a *are %&t
$rezetate (e a!z@a'(e/(e@!etoe # a'!oo'. E*&'%'e ( )&* !o, /(ro!ar&r aro*at!e #
$o'!!'!e )( 3%" (ezo'ate a$roa$e te:ra' 3 a'!oo' 1@ .D&$" +ette # Lae@ 'a & *'o $"r, (e )&* %e :"%e%! &r*"toare'e %&%ta,ea'(e/("
)or*!" 2540 $.$.*.@ a'(e/(e %&$eroare 140170 a!( )or*! -0125 a!( a!et! # a!z
%&$eror 460500 )eo' 200 !etoe 1-0200@ (er%e r"# $e%te 1000 $.$.*.
T#(u( 1.1.1. Co*$oz,a !/*!" a )&*&'& 3 )&!,e (e at&ra 'e*&'&
Grup )# sus"n,#N"ur (#+nu(ui
F/ S"#0r #s"#%&n Br)
)a," (e !o,&t&' tota'A!z e$r*a, 3 a!( a!et! 5@24 5@14 4@5; @;4Feo'e$r*a, 3 a!( !aro'! 0@0 0@0 0@1- 0@25Co*a, !aro'!e$r*at 3
a!eto"7@6- 7@05 7@;1 10@74
For*a'(e/(" 1@10 1@04 0@-6 1@4A!eta'(e/(" 1@40 1@0; 1@16 1@-F&r)&ro' 0@6- 1@5; 0@;5 1@0Da!et' 0@61 0@62 0@44 0@7A'(e/("P (a!et' @;- 4@0 @1 5@22
Dtre !o*$ ( )&* a!,&ea !ea *a *$ortat" o a& )eo' # a'(e/(e'e aro*at!e #
!!'!e@ # a!(&' a!et!.1.1.2. F%"$rii %r# in*(u#n,#!& %$+p$!i,i *u+u(ui
)e'&' 'e*&'& e%e,a ( !are $roe r&*e:&' &*(tatea r&*e:&'& te*$erat&ra (e )or*are a )&*&'& a$ort&' (e aer *eto(e (e o,ere a )&*&'& $re'&!rarea )&*&'& (&$" o,erea a!e%t&a.
Fe'&' 'e*&'&.+r ar(erea r&*e:&'& ( 'e* (e e%e," tare@ %e o,e o !attate
*a *are (e %&%ta,e !& ro' *$ortat 3 a)&*are # o !attate *a *!" (e r"# :&(roae %
)&:eR&*e:&' ( 'e*&' (e e%e," tare !o,e *a $&," ':" # *a *&'t" !e'&'oz" #
/e*!e'&'oz" 3 !o*$ara,e !& r&*e:&' ( 'e*&' (e e%e," *oa'e r"#oa%e'e 3 :eera' $ro!e%&' (e )or*are a )&*&'&@ %e &r*"re#te %" & %e at:" te*$erat&ra (e ar(ere a
':e 50 400oC@ 3tr&!Qt $r ar(erea a!e%tea %e )or*eaz" /(ro!ar&r $o'!!'!e
!a!er:ee.Ce'&'oza # /e*!e'&'oza a& $&!t (e a$r(ere 270oC@ re%$e!t 2;5oC.
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
U*(tatea r&*e:&'&.C& !Qt &*(tatea r&*e:&'& e%te %!"z&t" !& atQt %e o,e
o !attate *a *are (e )eo'@ a%t)e' %e re(&!e 'a **&* $o%' &*(tatea atQt !Qt %" a%:&re
o ar(ere *o!t". Te*$erat&ra (e )or*are a )&*&'&.Catt", *ar (e %&%ta," &t'" 3 )&* %e
)or*eaz" 'a o ar(ere 3 tera'&' 260 00oC. A$ort&' (e aer.C& !Qt !attatea (e aer e%te *a *are !& atQt !a'tatea )&*&'& e%te
*a %'a" ( $&!t (e e(ere a' !o*$oe,'or &t'. La !att", *a *ar (e aer a$ar #!att", *a *ar (e /(ro!ar&r $o'!!'!e !a!er:ee.De a!eea %e re(&!e 'a **&*
$o%' a$ort&' (e aer !Qt %" 3tre," ar(erea. Meto(e (e o,ere a )&*&'&.S&t *a *&'te *eto(e@ (e o!e %e a$e'eaz" 'a
*eto(e !are &t'zeaz" te*$erat&r !Qt *a %!"z&te. +re'&!rarea )&*&'& (&$" o,ere.F&*&' o,&t 3 a)&*"tor !'a%!e %a& 3
:eeratoare (e )&* !o, !or$&r %o'(e e(orte !are $'&te%! 3 )&* r&*e: ar% !o*$'et@
!e"@ )&:e@ :&(roae.
A!e%te $art!&'e %o'(e %e (e$& $e !o(&!te'e (e )&* $e !are 'e 3)&(" %a& %e (e$& $e%&$ra)e,e'e $ro(&%e'or $e !are 'e *&r("re%! 1@ .
1.1.3. #"$)# )# puri*i%r# *u+u(ui
S&t *a *&'te *eto(e (e $&r)!are a )&*&'&@ # a&*e &t'zarea (e %e$aratoare azate $e e)e!t&' :rata,e &t'zarea (e %e$aratoare azate $e e)e!t&' )or,e !etr)&:e &t'zarea (e )'tre $etr& %e$ararea *$&rt",'or
&t'zarea (e (%$ozte (e %$"'are a )&*&'&.De$&erea !o*$oete'or )&*&'& $e $ro(&%.De$&erea %e rea'zeaz" %& )'&e,a )or,e
:rata,oa'e@ a *#!"r roee@ a !o(e%"r a$or'or (e 'a %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'& re!e %&
)'&e,a atra!,e e'e!tro%tat!e (tre $art!&'e'e !o'o(a'e ( )&* # :r&$"r'e o!e a'e
$rotee'or !"r.Cattatea (e !o*$oe, ( )&* (e$&%" $e %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'& e (re!t $ro$or,oa'" !&
!o!etra,a )&*&'&@ teza (e !r!&'a,e a )&*&'&@ !& &*(tatea # te*$erat&ra )&*&'& # !&
&*(tatea (e 'a %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'&.
U*(tatea (e 'a %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'& $ro(&!e (zo'area &or !o*$oete a'e )&*&'&.Fe'&' !o*$oete'or !e %e (e$& $e $ro(&% (e$( (e te*$erat&ra (e a)&*are. CQ*$&' e'e!tro%tat!
*"re#te teza (e (e$&ere a !o*$oete'or )&*&'& $e $ro(&%.Te/o'o:'e *o(ere (e a)&*are
$re"( &t'zarea !Q*$&'& e'e!tro%tat!.La (e$&erea !o*$oete'or )&*&'& $e $ro(&%@ o $arte (
a!e%tea ()&zeaz" 3 *a%a $ro(&%&'&@ !o)er(& :&%t # aro*" %$e!)! (e a)&*at .
1.1.4. i"#! )# p&"run)#r# %$+p$n#n,i($r *u+u(ui n pr$)us>teza (e $"tr&(ere a !o*$oe,'or )&*&'& 3 $ro(&%@ (e$(e (e
%tr&!t&ra !/*!" a !o*$oe,'or (e$
)e'&' a)&*"r # (&rata a!e%tea %tr&!t&ra # !o*$oz,a !/*!" a $ro(&%&'&
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
at&ra *e*rae.La o a)&*are !a'(" %e a!&*&'eaz" 3 $ro(&% o !attate (&'" (e )eo' )a," (e a)&*area
re!e. La $ro(&%e'e 3 *e*rae at&ra'e@ $"tr&(erea )eo''or e%te *a te%".De a%e*e@ 'a $ro(&%e'e !& :r"%*e *a *&'t" )eo' $"tr&( *a or. F&*&' !& &*(tate *a
*are $"tr&(e *a or 3 $ro(&%.+e 'Q:" :&%t&' # *ro%&' $'"!&t *$r*at $ro(&%e'or@ )&*&' are # & e)e!t ato(at # a!ter!(
!o%erat. A!ttatea ato(at" e%te (at" (e )eo'.
E)e!t&' a!ter!( a' )&*&'& e%te 3 )&!,e (e te*$erat&r"@ (&rat" (e a)&*are $re!&* # (e%tatea
)&*&'&.$8 &' %!"z&t te%)!" e)e!t&' a!ter!(.I%ta'a, )o'o%te 'a a)&*are
%ta'a, (e a)&*are !& $ro(&!erea )&*&'& 3 teror&' !a*ere %ta'a, (e a)&*are !& $ro(&!erea )&*&'& 3 eteror&' !a*ere %ta'a, !ot&e (e a)&*are t$ t&e' %ta'a, !ot&e (e a)&*are %%te* E'e! a)&*"toare t$ t&r .
1.2. r$pi#"&,i(# *u+u(ui
F&*&' are &r*"toare'e $ro$ret", at%e$t!"@ ato(at"@aro*atzat"@ (e !o'orare # (e'&!&.O $arte ( %&ta,e'e (e$&%e 'a %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'& ()&zeaz" 3 *a%a a!e%t&a@ a%:&r3(& &
:&%t # aro*" %$e!)!".+"tr&(erea a!e%tor %&ta,e 3 $ro)&z*ea $ro(&%&'& %e rea'zeaz" !&
a&*t" tez" (e$e(et" (e %tr&!t&ra !/*!" a )&*&'&@ )e'&' a)&*"r@(&rata a!e%tea@ %tr&!t&ra
# !o*$oz,a !/*!" a $ro(&%&'&@ at&ra *e*rae'a !o*$oz,'e &*$'&te 3 *e*rae #
&*(tatea re'at" a )&*&'&. )&!,e (e te*$erat&ra (e a)&*are # (e (&rata $ro!e%&'&@ a)&*area %e !'a%)!" 3
/,&re@a)&*are !a'("@ a)&*are re!e # a)&*are (e (&rat".+r !o*$oz,a !/*!" # rea!,a !& $ro(&%e'e %&$&%e a)&*"r@ )&*&' are at3t o a!,&e
ato(at" !3t # &a a!ter!(" 1.r$pri#"&,i(# n"is#p"i%#a'e )&*&'& %3t (atorate a!,& a!ter!(e a )eo''or@a'(e/(e'or # a
a!z'or .Feo' %&t &a ( %&%ta,e'e a!ter!(e !e'e *a $&ter!e ( )&*@ !& toate !a 3 )&*
%e a)'"& !o,&t (e )eo' (e%t&' (e *!. !eea !e $re#te rez%te,a *!roor:a%*e'or 'a
a!,&ea )&*&'& *a9ortatea %&t (%tr&%e (&$a 12 ore (e a)&*are. )&* rez%t" (e a%e*eea # *&'te *&!e:a&r. Ueor %$or (e *&!e:a %&t a( o
(ata !& r&*e:&'@ )e!t3( $ro(&%e'e@ ( !are !a&z" %e *$&e !otro'&' atet a' r&*e:&'&.C& !3t *e(&' e%te *a a!(@ !& at3t a!,&ea a!ter!(" a )&*&'& !re#te. Dtre a!ter'e
$ato:ee o rez%te," *!" 'a a)&*are o are a!'&' t&er!&'oze@ !are e%te (%tr&% (&$" (o&" ore (e
a)&*are 2.T#(u( 1.2.1. A!,&ea at%e$t!" a ()erte'or %&%ta,e ( )&*
F#(u( /#r+#ni($r
$n )# %,iun# %"#ri%i)& )i*#ri,i($r %$+p$n#n,i )in *u+n ++
F#n$(i A%i!i $r/ni%iSus"n,#n#u"r#
B!#$r/ni%#
Ba!'&% %&t'&% 15 24 5 2
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Ba!'&% *e:at/er&* 2 25 4
Ba!'&% *ezeter!&% 22 2; 5 0
E!/er!/a !o' 17 15 6 2
Ba!'&% $rote&% 14 7 0 0
Sta$/'o!o!&% a&re&% 20 20 7 2
D a!e%t tae' %e !o%tat" !" a!,&ea a!ter!(" a ()erte'or !o*$oe, e%te arat". Cea *a$&ter!" a!,&e o a& a!z # )eo'.
A!,&ea at%e$t!" e%te (at" 3%" # te*$erat&ra )&*&'&.A!,&ea a!ter!(" a )&*&'& are e)e!t &*a 'a %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'&. D a!ea%t" !a&z"
a)&*area & e%te )o'o%t" !a *eto(" %:&r" (e !o%erare ! a%o!at" !& %"rarea # &%!area.A%,iun# n"i$i)n"& a )&*&'& e%te (atorat" 3 !ea *a $arte a )eo''or # a&*e a
a!,& )eo''or !& te*$erat&ra (e )erere *a r(!at" 2;0oC 3 !are %e :"%e%! :r&$e a'e eter'or
*et'! a $ro:a'o'&'&.A!,&ea ato(at" !o%t" 3 )a$t&' !" %&ta,e'e )eo'!e tr" 3 rea!,e !& ra(!a'
'er
ra(!a' /(ro!/o" $ero( !/o" 'er
Co*$ )or*a, ROO8 & $ot ) o(a, *a (e$arte @ 3!3t 'a,&' rea!,e %e 3trer&$e #
o(area & *a are 'o! . Me!a%*&' ato(at&'& %e e$'!" # $r a!,&ea re!$ro!" (tre e'
# ra(!a' 'er RO2. RO2P ato(at !o*$&% a!t.
a!e%t )e'@ ra(!a'&' $ero(&'& e%te %!o% ( rea!,a 3 'a,.+reze,a a!(&'& a%!or! a!,oeaz" !a %er:et!.D&$" C&r!o (tre )eo' ( )&* a& a!,&e o(at" )ra!,'e 3 !o*$oz,a !"roratr" !o*$
(e t$&' :aa!o'&'& # a o*o'o:'or '& *et':&a!o'&' et!.@ $re!&* # )eo' ato*! #
trato*! (e t$&' /(ro!/oe # a o*o'o:'or %".A%,iun# %n%#ri/#n& *u+u(ui
O $ro'e*" )oarte *&'t (%!&tat" o !o%tt&e $re%&$&erea !" )&*&'@ 3 a&*te !o(,@
ar aea o a!,&e !a!er:e"@ (atort" a&*tor /(ro!ar&r ( )&*. D (ate'e e%tete 3
'terat&r" & %e $oate a$re!a@ $3"3 $rezet@ (a!"3tra(ear $ro(&%e'e a)&*ate $ot !o%tt& %a& &
& $er!o' $etr& %""tatea !o%&*ator'or.+etr& !o(,'e a!t&a'e ( )ar!'e (e $ro(&%e (e !are ( ,ara oa%tr" %e !o%(er"
e!e%ar !a %" %e a *"%&r (e !&ra,re $ero(!" a :&(roae'or ( a)&*ator # (e a%:&rare a &e
te*$erat&r (e $ro(&!ere a )&*&'& %& 000oC.r$pri#"&,i(# r$+"i%# *u+u(ui
Date'e a%&$ra at&r !o*$oe,'or ( )&* !are (eter*" :&%t&' # *ro%&' (e a)&*at
%3t )oarte ()erte. A%t)e'@ (&$" S!/ooe% aro*a )&*&'& e%te (at" (e )eo' # a!z. 'r!/ #
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UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
8a'or%o arat" !" $r 3':" a!e#ta *a ter # a'(e/(e'e # !etoe'e@ ar >or%!re%e%!/
!o%te%t" ro'&' )eo''or # a'(e/(e'or.Aro*a %$e!)!" (e a)&*at a$are # 3 &r*a a!,& re!$ro!e (tre !o*$ )&*&'& #
a*oa!z %a& za/"r.Cu($r# )# *u+r#.E%te (!e'e $r!$a' (&$" !are %e a$re!az" :ra(&' a)&*"r.A!ea%t"
!&'oare e%te (eter*at" (e )e'&' 'e*e'or ( !are %e $ro(&!e )&*&'. tae' %e a ar"ta (&$" R. +a''& $ro$ret",'e or:ao'e$t!e a'e $ro(&%e'or a)&*ate 3
)&!,e (e e%e,a 'e*oa%" )o'o%t" 'a a)&*are.
T#(u( 1.2.2. I)'&e,a 'e*&'& )o'o%t 'a a)&*are a%&$ra !&'or # aro*e $ro(&%e'or
F#(u( (#+nu(uiCu($r# )"&
pr$)usu(ui *u+"Ar$+ Os#r:,ii
Ste9arGa'e 3!/% $3" 'a!a)e&
)"S&r%" e!e'et" $etr&a)&*at
Ce(r& Ga'e (e%!/% )" (e*
N&! Ga'e 3!/% $3" 'a!a)e& $'"!&t"
Baza $etr& )&*eo'
'!/( (e a)&*are)ar!at 3 Fra,a
Ma/oDe 'a a&r& 'a !a)e&
$3" 'a !a)e& te%(e*
D" !&'oare )oartere$e(e
Fra% :a'e &" Me%tea!" (e%!o9t #
$'o$Ga'e!a)e& $otrt"
Se )o'o%e#te 3a*e%te! !& a'te 'e*e
Bra(@ *o')tMe(o!r&@ (e$&e)&:e
Mro% (e tereet" N& %e )o'o%e#te
Ie&$"r Ca)e& 3!/%Foarte &"@ %$e!)!"@$'"!&t"
Roz*ar *e(o!r&E!e'et"@%$e!)!"@aro*at"
Se )o'o%e#te rar
M":/ra *e(o!r& C& &a," (e $ar)&*Se )o'o%e#te 3!att", *!
T*a *e(o!r& C& &a," (e $ar)&* (e*Sa'!e *e(o!r& (e* (e*
C&'oarea $ro(&%&'& (e$(e (e $ro$ret",'e )z!o!/*!e a'e *e(&'& (e a)&*at a(!"
(e (e%tatea )&*&'&@ te*$erat&r"@&*(tate @ :ra( (e (%$er%e@teza # !ara!ter&' *#!"r )&*&'&
)a," (e $ro(&%. U a't )a!tor !are (eter*" :ra(&' (e !o'orare e%te )e'&' *e*rae. Me*rae'e:roa%e %e a)&*" *a e (e!3t !e'e %&,r. +ro(&%e'e ( !are (e $or! a& o !&'oare *a (e%!/%"
(e!3t !e'e (e oe. !e $re#te '&!&' *e*rae @ a!e%ta e%te (eter*at (e $e$tzarea
$rotee'or. S"rarea # z3tarea )aorzeaz" '&!&' %&$ra)e,e. L&!&' e%te (eter*at # (e at&ra
!/*!" a $ro('or ( )&*. I)'&e,a !ea *a *are 3 a!ea%t" $r," o a& r"#'e
)eo')or*a'a'(e/(e .
1.3 #%nis+u( *u+&rii
Are 'o! 3 (o&" )aze $r*a@ (e$&erea %&%ta,e'or (e a)&*are $e %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%&'&$r :aze'e ( )&*@!are!r!&'" 'er@ # a (o&a ()&za %&%ta,e'or (e$&%e 3 teror&'
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Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
$ro(&%&'&.>teza ()&z& e%te (re!t $ro$or,oa'" !& te*$erat&ra )&*&'&@ (&rata
a)&*"r@(e%tatea a)&*"r@ (e%tatea )&*&'& # teza '& (e !r!&'a,e.D)&za &or !o*$oe, a )&*&'& !ot&"# 3 t*$&' &%!"r.>teza (e $"tr&(ere
a)eo''or ( )&*@e%te *a *are 3 $ro(&%e'e )"r" *e*ra"@ar ( !e'e !& *e*ra"@ e%te *a
*are 3 !az&' *e*rae'or at&ra'e. La a)&*area 3 at*o%)er" &*e("@ teza (e $"tr&(ere a
)&*&'& e%te *a *are. D a!ea%t" !a&z" 'a %a'a*&' (e S& !are (e# %e a)&*" 'a )&*
re!e@!o,&t&' (e )eo' e%te r(!at.+etr& a!!e'erarea $ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are @%a& e$er*etat o %ere (e *eto(e 3tre !are
a)&*area 3 !3*$ e'e!tro%tat!. +r a!ea%t" *eto(" (&rata $ro!e%&'& %e %!&rteaz" (e 510
or.tr&!3t 3 )&* %e :"%e%! o %ere (e %&%ta,e !a!er:ee !&* %3t 1@2@5@6 (ezatra!e @4
e&$re # @4 )eatra!e@ %a !"&tat e'*area %a& etarea a!e%tor %&%ta,e.Fa!tor&' $r!$a' !are !otr&e 'a a$ar,a %&%ra,e'or !a!er:ee 3 )&* e%te
te*$erat&ra $rea r(!at" 'a !are (%t'" 'e*&'. +ro(&!erea )&*&'& 'a o te*$erat&r" %& 00 oC
$oate $ree )or*area @4eza$re&'&@ a 1@2@5@6 (ezatra!e&'& # a a'tor $ro(
$re%&$ ("&"tor.+r &t'zarea (re!t" a )'tre'or e'e!tro%tat!e 3 :eeratoare (e )&*@ ar ) $o%'"
e'*area ( )&* a$roa$e 3 3tre:*e a !o*$'or !a!er:e. e(erea '*t"r !o,&t&'&
(e @4ea$re %a e$er*etat o,erea (e !o(e%at (e )&*@ !& o !o*$oz,e a%e*""toare !&
a )&*&'&@ 3 !are %" %e e&tra'zeze %&%ta,e'e !a!er:e!e.+ro(&!erea !o(e%at&'& (e )&* e%te !&o%!&t" (e $e%te 150 a@ ea 3%" %a a$'!at
%$ora(!@ 3tr&!3t 3 *o( $ra!t! ()erte'e %o'&, (e a)&*are rea'zate a& a%:&rat $ro(&%e !are %"
3(e$'ea%!" toate 3%re'e $ro(&%e'or a)&*ate !& )&*. D a!ea%t" !a&z" $ro(&!erea # )o'o%rea
'!/(&'& (e a)&*are !ot&" %" r"*3" o $ro'e*" 3 !etr&' ate,e !er!et"tor'or ( (&%tra
!"r ( ()erte ,"r.A$'!area *eto(e (e a)&*are !& '!/( are $er%$e!t" 3 (&%tra a)&*"t&r'or@ 3tr&!3t
$r a!ea%t" *eto(" %e 3*&"t",e#te $e (e o $arte %tarea %atar" a $ro(&%e'or@ ar $e (a a't" $arte
!o(,'e (e te/!a %e!&rt", # $rote!,a *&! ( 3tre$r(er'e (e $re$arate (e !are.Rea'zarea # e$'oatarea &or %ta'a, (e a)&*are e!e%t" !&oa#terea !e'or *a
*$orta, )a!tor !are )'&e,eaz" !o*$oz,a )&*&'&. Fe'&' 'e*&'& %& )or*" *a%" %a&
r&*e: @ te*$erat&ra (e )or*are a )&*&'&@ *eto(a )z!" (e o,ere a )&*&'& # $re'&!rarea
a!e%t&a (&$" o,ere !o%tt&e $r!$a'e'e e'e*ete !are tre&e '&ate 3 !o%(era,e 1. Te*$erat&ra (e o,ere a )&*&'& !ara!terzeaz" !o*$oz,a )&*&'& # *$'!t
!o,&t&' a!e%t&a 3 %&ta,e &t'e a)&*"r.Te*$erat&ra o$t*"@ !a$a'" %" o)ere *a*&* (e %&ta,e &t'e e%te (e
26;..50oC@a'or $e%te !are !re#te !o%(era' !o,&t&' (e :&(ro. !o!'&ze@ $er(er'e (e %&ta,e &t'e ( )&* %&t $ro$or,oa'e !& te*$erat&ra.
Toto(at"@ !re#terea te*$erat&r !a&zeaz" *"rrea )ra!,&'or (e :aze e)o'o%toare !&* ar )
o(&' # *oo(&' (e !aro.
Mo(&' (e o,ere a )&*&'& )'&e,eaz" !a'tatea # !attatea %&ta,e'or &t'e (!o*$oz,a )&*&'&. A!e%ta $oate ) o,&t" $r ar(erea !o*$'et" a 'e*&'& *a% %a& %&
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Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
)or*" (e r&*e:@ $r )r!,&e *e!a!" # )'&(zare. A!ea%t" ( &r*" *eto(" o)er" )&*&' !&
!a't",'e !e' *a &e@)( *a o:at 3 %&ta,e &t'e o,&te 'a te*$erat&r 9oa%e .
1.4. $)i*i%&ri(# *i!i%$ %-i+i%# i i$%-i+i%# pr$)us#($r ( *u+r#+r a)&*are $ro(&%e'e %&)er" $er(er 3 :re&tate@ $re!&* # &e'e *o()!"r !/*!e@
)z!o!/*!e # %tr&!t&ra'e.a i#r)#ri(# n /r#u""# %&t (eter*ate (e te*$erat&ra@ &*(tatea # teza aer&'& (
a)&*ator@ $re!&* # (e !ara!ter%t!'e $ro(&%&'&. +er(er'e 3 :re&tate araz"3tre '*te *ar@ ( !a&za ara,e ra$ort&'& :ra%*e
$rotee # a (*e%&'or $ro(&%&'& %&$ra)a,a %$e!)!" # re$rezt"3tre 6 % 12@ 3
)&!,e (e !o*$oz,a $ro(&%&'& # (&rata a)&*"r. $)i*i%&ri(# %-i+i%#@ a'te'e (e!3t !e'e ar"tate ateror@ %&t 'e:ate # (e $ro!e%&' (e %"rare 3
!are $r a!,&ea %'tre # a trt&'& %e o,e !&'oarea ro#e !ara!ter%t!". &r*a
a)&*"r !attatea (e trt ( $ro(&% %!a(e !& !r!a 25. C&'oarea %e *e,e )r&*oa%" 3
&r*a a!,& te*$erat&r r(!ate@ !are )aorzeaz" tra%)or*area azo*o:'oe 3
azo*o!ro*o:e@ !o*$&% *a %ta'@ !& o !&'oare ro#e !ara!ter%t!". Mare $arte ( *o()!ar'e !/*!e !are a& 'o! %&t (atorte te*$erat&r !are $ro(&!e o
(eat&rare a $rotee'or. De a%e*eea %e $ro(&! &e'e *o()!"r )er*etate.*&ata,rea $ro$ret",'or or:ao'e$t!e # a (:e%t't", %&t )'&e,ate at3t (e a!,&ea
!o*$oe,'or )&*&'& !3t # (e a!,&ea te*$erat&r !are (eter*" o &*)'are a !o'a:e&'& # (e!
o *"rre a %&!&'e,e # )ra:ez* $ro(&%&'& # o *"rre a (!e'& (e (:e%t'tate.Tre&e *e,oat !"@ %& )'&e,a a)&*"r@ !o,&t&' (e ta*a B1 %e re(&!e 3
$ro$or,e (e 1520. Ce'e'a'te ta*e %&)er" %& )'&e,a a)&*"r *o()!"r e3%e*ate 1.
1.5. #"$)# )# *u+r#Meto(e'e (e a)&*are %e !'a%)!"@ (&$a *e(&' 3 !are %e )a!e a)&*area@ (&$a te*$erat&ra
# (&rata (e a)&*are # (&$" te/!a (e a)&*are.D&$" *e(&' (e a)&*are %e (%t:
a)&*area 3 !&ret (e )&* a)&*area !& $re$arate '!/(e.
A)&*area 3 !&ret (e )&* %e $oate ) (e (o&" )e'&r a)&*are !& $art!&'e 3 %tare !o'o(a'" )&*&' o%&t a)&*area3 !are to, !o*$oe, )&*&'& %&t 3 %tare :azoa%"@ ar &a,a )&*&'& & %e
o%er" &*t" *$ro$r& a)&*are )"r" )&*.A)&*area !& $re$arate '!/(e %e $oate )a!e
$r %tro$rea $ro(&%&'& !& '!/(&' re%$e!te $r *er%a $ro(&%&'& 3 '!/( $r :'oarea '!/(&'& (e a)&*are 3 to!"t&ra $ro(&%&'& !are &'teror e%te %&$&% a!,&
ter*!e %a& &%!"r )"r" )&*.D&$" te*$erat&ra # (&rata (e a)&*are %e (eo%ee#te a)&*area !&* )&* !a'( 601000C (e&*ta3 (&%tra oa%tr" /,&re@ !& o (&rat" %!&rta 12
ore
a)&*area !& )&* (e 25400C@ !& o (&rat" (e 1247 ore a)&*area !& )&* re!e 10170C @!& o (&rat" (e 515 z'e.
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UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
D&$a te/!a a)&*ar e%t" o a)&*are 3 !a*ere !& tra9 at&ra' %a& art)!a'@ 3 !are
$ro(&%e'e %&t a)&*ate !& )&* $ro(&% 3 !a*era re%$e!t"# a)&*are 3 !are )&*&' e%te $ro(&% 3
a)ar" !a*ere (e a)&*are@ %ta'a, %$e!a'e@ (e &(e e%te !o(&% $r t&&r 3 !a*era (e
a)&*are 1.1.5.1. #"$)# +$)#rn# )# *u+r#.
Cer!et"r'e )"!&te 3 &'t* a a& a(&% 'a rea'zarea &or *eto(e *o(er (e a)&*are@
(tre !are *e,o"* $e %!&rt a)&*area !& )&* '!/( (e a)&*are@ a)&*area e'e!tro%tat!"@ #a)&*area 3 )'& !ot&&.
A*u+r# %u *u+ (i%-i) )# *u+r#. D&$" !&* %a ar"tat ateror 3 e(erea :ez"r
$ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are@ %a %t&(at &tzarea 3 a!e%t %!o$ a '!/(e'or (e a)&*are. L!/(e'e (e
a)&*are %3t $re$arate aro*atzate o,&te ( ar(erea r&*e:&'& (e 'e* (e e%e," tare 3
%ta'a, 'a !are te*$erat&ra (e ar(ere e%te !&$r%" 3tre 2;070oC@ te*$erat&re 'a !are 3
!o*$oz,a '!/(&'& %3t !&$r%e %&%ta,e &t'e 'a a)&*are !a )eo'@ a!z@ !o*a,
!aro'!e@ a'!oo'@ eter. et!.
T#(u( 1.5.1. Cara!ter%t!'e '!/(&'& (e a)&*are
In)i%"$ri Cr%"#ris"i%i
A%$e!t L!/( tra%$aret (e !&'oare :a'e" %$re r&
Mro% S$e!)! (e )&*G&%t U#or a*ar@ a%e*""tor !& :&%t&' $ro(&%e'or
a)&*ateA!(tate tota'" 3 a!( a!et! 1@0021@00Feo' *:100 *' 1@01@5Co*a, !aro'!e 70120A'!oo' *et'! *a*&* 0@158(ro!ar&r :re'e (e t$&' @4ezo$re '$%"Meta'e :re'e '$%"I*$&rta,@ 0@020@0
L!/(&' (e a)&*are %e a(a&:" (re!t 3 $a%ta %a'a*&r'or 3 t*$&' o*o:ez"r a!e%tora
'a !&ter %a& 'a *a'aor@ (&$" !e %a& a("&:at !o(*ete. A("&:area '!/(e'or %e )a!e !& a9&tor&'
&e %tro$r ( *atera' $'a%t!.A!ea%t" *eto(" e%te *a &" (e!3t *er%area $re$arate'or &*$'&te !& '!/( (e a)&*are
%a& $&'erzarea %o'&,e (e a)&*are $e %&$ra)a,a $re$arate'or@ 3tr&!3t !o*$oete'e )&*&'& tr"
(re!t 3 rea!te !& $rotee'e !"r 3!3t aro*atzarea %e )a!e *e(at.D&$" a$'!area '!/(&'& (e a)&*are 'a $ro%$"t&r &r*eaz" &%!area !a'(" 7012oC # a$o
)ererea $ro(&%e'or@ ar 'a $ro(&%e'e %e*a)&*ate %e )a!e o 3!"'zre 'a 4050
o
C@ !& t*$ ara'
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(&$" (*e%&'e atoae'or.D&$" !er!et"r'e )"!&te 3 R.S.R (e E. O:'!@ M. Sta!& @ #.a. rez&'t"
!a $ro(&%e'e a)&*ate !& '!/( (e a)&*are & %e (eo%ee%! (e $ro(&%e'e a)&*ate !& )&*.A*u+r# n %+p #(#%"ri% )# n("& "#nsiun#. A )o%t rea'zat" $r*a oar" 3 1-22. +r!$&'
*eto(e e%te &r*"tor&' +art!&'e'e (e )&* 3!"r!ate e'e!tr! $r ozare !& a9&tor&' &e %&r%e (e ozare %3t
(e$&%e $e %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%e'or %& a!,&ea )or,e'or e'e!tro%tat!e. S&%ta,e'e (e a)&*are $"tr&(
a$o 3 teror&' $ro(&%&'& $r ()&za !o)er( a!e%t&a :&%t&' # *ro%&' (e a)&*at. Ca %&r%" (e!"'(&r" $etr& trata*et&' ter*! %e )o'o%e%! ra(a, )raro#.trea:a o$era,e (e a)&*are e%te !o(&%" # re:'at" a&to*at .A!e%t %%te* (e a)&*are $rezt" &t*"toare'e aata9e
%!&rteaz" (&rata a)&*"r re(&!e %$ata' (e a)&*are &)or*zeaz" a)&*area %e $reteaz" 'a a)&*are 3 )'& !ot&& !re#te $ro(&!ttatea *&!.
)aza a!t&a'" e%te !o%t%toare@ ( !are !a&z" a$'!area *eto(e e%te re%tr3%".A*u+r# n *(u %$n"inuu.A)&*area 3 )'& !ot&& %e $oate a%:&ra at3t &t'z3( a)&*area
o#&t"@ )e 3 !az&' '!/(&'& (e a)&*are %a& a' a)&*"r e'e!tro%tat!e. a!e%t %!o$ %3t rea'zate *a *&'te t$&r (e %ta'a, !ot&@ (tre !are a*t*
&r*"toare'e 'a A!o )o'o%t" $etr& )ar!area !re&r#t'or !& *e*ra"@ 'a A&toFra 1.
1.6. In%in"# 'i ins"(,ii )# *u+r#D&$" (*e%&@ *o( (e )&!,oare@ :ra( (e a&to*atzare # $ara*etr (e '&!r&@
!te'e # %ta'a,'e (e a)&*are $ot ) Tr)i,i$n(# @ (e (*%& *!@ )"r" %%te*e (e a&to*atzare %a& !'*atzare +etr& a)&*are re!e@ $re"z&te !& ' %&%$e(ate (e tra%$ort # %ta'a,e (e et'are De t$ t&r@ !& )'& ert!a'@$etr& a)&*area re!e a $ro(&%e'or Co*$'ee@ $etr& a)&*area # $a%te&rzarea $ro(&%e'or 2.
1.6.1. C$+p(## p#n"ru *u+r# 'i ps"#uri!r# pr$)us#($rIn%in" "r)i,i$n(&$etr& a)&*area !"r # $re$arate'or !o%tt&e aza (e !o!e$,e a
%ta'a,'or (e a)&*are *o(ere. A!ea%ta %e )o'o%e#te # az 'a 3tre$r(er'e *! # *9'o! %a& !a
a)&*"tor (e t$ :o%$o("re%!. +ere, %e !o%tr&e%! ( !"r"*(" %a& $atr"@ $e !are %e *oteaz"
%&$ort&r'e a'e are'or (e %&%,ere. Fo!ar&' e%te(%%$&% 'a aza !te@ )( (otat !& %ta (e )'trare
# a *eta'!" )rota'". Sta are # ro'&' (e re,ere a $ro(&%e'or !are a!!(eta' !a( $e are'e.
Ea!&area :aze'or are 'o! $r !o#&'@ (et&' 'or $&t3( ) a9&%tat !& a9&tor&' && #&er.+r!$a'&' (ezaata9 a' a!e%tor !e (e a)&*are 3' $rezt" e&)or*tatea (e$&er
!o*$oete'or &t'e ( )&* $e %&$ra)e,e'e $ro(&%e'or.In%in" p#n"ru *u+r# r#%#%e $oate $rezeta ( $&!t (e e(ere !o%tr&!t %& )or*a &&
t&e' 3 !are !r!&'" $e ' %&%$e(ate $ro(&%e'e %&$&%e a)&*"r %a& %& )or*a && t&r 3 !are
)'&&' te/o'o:! %e (e%)#oar" $e ert!a'".Tun#(u( )# *u+r# r#%# e%te (e%tat $re$arate'or ( !are $r !o(,oarea $ara*etr'or
te/o'o:! a a)&*"r te*$erat&r"@ &*(tate re'at"@ !r!&'a,a a*e%te!&'& aer)&*@ (e%tatea
)&*&'&.
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!o*$ara,e !& !ta (e a)&*are tra(,oa'" (e%!r%" *a %&%@ t&e'&' (e a)&*are are
&r*"toare'e aata9e +er*te re:'area $ara*etr'or $ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are Tra%$ort&' $ro(&%e'or %e rea'zeaz" !& a9&tor&' ''or %&%$e(ate@ )"r" a ) e!e%are
o$er, %&$'*etare *a&a'e Datort" $re:"tr )&*&'& 3 :eeratoare 3!/%e@ e%te e!'&% $er!o'&' !e('or Se $oate !o%tr& ( e'e*ete t$zate@ $r )ar!a,e 3 %ere
T&e'&' (e o!e e%te !o%tr&t ( $ere, *eta'!@ zo'a, %a& z(, 'a aza &&a ($ere, 'atera' %e (%$& e!/(%tat )ere%tre'e $re"z&te !& ot&toare'e re:'a'e. F&*&' $ro(&% 3tr
& :eerator %e$arat %e tro(&!e $r (%tr&tor&' )eror. +ro(&%e'e (e$&%e $e %&$ort&r'e
%&%$e(ate %e (e$'a%eaz" (ea '&:&' t&e'&'& !& a9&tor&' !oeer&'&.A&r&' e!e%ar ra(ator&'& (e 3!"'zre a aeer&'& %e tro(&!e $r e'e!tro!'aa3 &tatea
(e$re:"tre # re!r!&'are a a*e%te!&'&. Ea!&area :aze'or e!o(e%ate are 'o! $r !o(&!t" (e
ea!&are.In%in"& )# *u+r# %()&
I!ta $etr& a)&*are !a'(" 3*$re&" !& %ta'a,'e aee e%te (e%tat" z3t"r@
a)&*"r # $a%te&rz"r $ro(&%e'or ( !are@ a*a'ate 3 *e*rae at&ra'e %a& art)!a'e.I%ta'a,a !o*$'et" are 3 !o*$oe," !e'&'a (e trata*et ter*!@ :eerator&' (e )&*@ a:re:at&' (e
!o(,oare # e!/$a*et&' (e a&to*atzare # !otro'.+ara*etr $ro!e%&'& (e a)&*are %&t !otro'a, (e &r*"toare'e tra(&!toare o %o(" a %ta'a,e (e
a&to*atzare $etr& *"%&rarea t*$erat&r ( !e'&'" $atr& %o(e a'e ter*o*etre'or (e $re!ze
$etr& er)!area te*$erat&r ( !e'&'" 3 $atr& $&!te ()erte 2 %o(e a'e ter*o:ra)&'& (e%tat
*"%&r"r # 3re:%tr"r $er*aete a te*$erat&r ( !e'&'". !"'zrea a*e%te!&'& aer )&* are 'o! 3 %!/*"tor&' (e !"'(&r" !& a&r 16 ar &*e!tarea@ $r
9e!tarea (re!t" a a&r&'& 'a*at 'a $re%&ea [email protected]@6 at. Ce'&'a (e trata*et ter*! e%te $re"z&t" !& o %ta'a,e (e a&to*atzare # !otro'
)or*at" (tr& $%/rore:&'ator@ & ter*ore:&'ator !& 3re:%trare !ot&" # & %%te* (e
3!/(ere %a& 3!/(ere a&to*at" a et'e'or e'e!tro*a:et!e *otate $e !o(&!te'e (e a(*%e a
a&r&'& 3 %!/*"tor&' (e !"'(&r" # &*()!ator. A!e%t e!/$a*et a&to*at $er*te *e,erea
te*$erat&r # a &*(t", 3 '*te'e $re%!r%e@ )ate (e 'a ta'o&' (e !o*a(".+re3!"'zrea !e'&'e (&reaz" !!a. 20 (e *&te@ at:3(&%e te*$erat&ra (e ;5...70oC 'a o &*(tate
re'at" (e 10..15 . +etr& a!ea%ta@ %e 3!/( !'a$ete'e 1 # 15 (e a'*etare !& )&*@ re%$e!t !&
aer $roa%$"t@ *e,3(&%e (e%!/%" !'a$eta (e ea!&are.A%t)e'@ aer&' 3!"'zt $r atera e%te
re!r!&'at (e !"tre et'ator&' $r !o(&!te. D&$" at:erea $ara*etr'or $re%!r#@ %e o$re#te et'ator&'@ %e (e%!/(e a # %e
tro(&! ra$( !"r&!oare'e !& $re$arate'e $re:"tte $etr& a)&*are. +etr& !otro'&' te*$erat&r
( teror&' $ro(&%e'or@ %e )eaz" $r 3):ere %o(e (e *"%&rare.3tarea@ !a $r*" )az" a $ro!e%&'& (e $re'&!rare ter*!" (&reaz" 0...60 (e *&te # rea'zeaz" o
(e%/(ratare %&$er)!a'" a $ro(&%&'&.+etr& rea'zarea $a%te&rz"r %e 3!/(e !'a$eta (e )&* # %e )eaz" $%/rore:&'ator&' 'a
a'oarea &*(t", (e 100@ ar ter*ore:&'ator&' 'a o te*$ert&r" *a *!" !& 20..0oC )a," (e
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UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
a'oarea 'a !are %e (e%)"#oar" $a%te&rzarea.A&r&' tro(&% 3 e(erea $a%te&rz"r a r(!a
te*$erat&ra 3 !t" 'a ;2..;7oC@ $er*,3( o,erea &e te*$erat&r (e 66..67oC 3 teror&'
$re$arate'or $e o(&rat" (e 15..210 *@ )&!,e (e (a*etr&' $ro(&%&'& $re'&!rat 2.
1.6.2. r+#"rii )# "r"r# pr$)us#($r )in %rn# %u *u+A*u+r# %()& su ni uir#
Se )a!e !& %!o$&' (e a *$r*a o !&'oare ro#e !"r"*ze $e %&$ra)a,a *e*rae. Se
$ro(&!e $ro!e%e !e 3*&"t",e%! *ro%&' $ro(&%&'&. Se *$r*" o %'a" !o%era'tate
$ro(&%&'&. Se $ro(&! $er(er 3 :re&tate.
La $ro(&%&' )t a)&*at 'a !a'( o $arte ( eteror&' $ro(&%&'& e%te !oa:&'at a%t)e' !"
$er(er'e 'a )aza &r*"toare (e )erere or ) *a *!.
Te*$erat&ra )&*&'& e%te (e ;575VC@ ar 3 teror&' ato&'& %e at:e &*a 55VC.
D&rata (e a)&*are !a'(" e%te (e 20120 *&te # (e$(e (e
t$&' $ro(&%&'&
(a*etr&' $ro(&%&'&
)e'&' *e*rae
&t'a9&' (e )&* )o'o%t.
N& %e (e$"#e#te t*$&' (e 2 ore 'a a)&*are !a'(" 3tr&!Qt $ro(&%&' )( e)ert 3 !etr&@
te*$erat&ra e%te %& 55VC a%t)e' !" %e $ot !rea !o(, $etr& a'terarea *!roa" a $ro(&%&'& 1.
A*u+r# ( r#%#
Se )a!e 'a te*$erat&ra )&*&'& (e 2040VC t*$ (e 624 ore. D&rata e%te 3 )&!,e (e
t$&' $ro(&%&'&
(a*etr&' ato&'&
te*$erat&ra )&*&'&
!ara!tere'e or:ao'e$t!e )a'e !e %e (ore%! a ) *$r*ate
$ro(&%&'&.
La a)&*area re!e %e $ro(&! %!"(er 3 :re&tate
+r a)&*are re!e %e o, o !&'oare 3!/%" a %&$ra)e,e $ro(&%&'&@ $ro(&%&'& %e
3*&"t",e#te !o%era'tatea $ro(&%&'& # %e a!!et&eaz" :&%t&' (e )&* !a &r*are a $"tr&(er!o*$oete'or )&*&'& 3 teror&' ato&'&.
A*u+r#. La &e'e t$&r (e %a'a*&r %e a$'!" a)&*area re!e@ 3 %$e!a' 'a %a'a*&r'e
o,&te )"r" *&!e:a 'a %&$ra)a,". A)&*area e%te $re!e(at" (e zQtare 3 %!o$&' $re:"tr
*e*rae 3 e(erea a)&*"r. Qtarea tre&e a%t)e' !o(&%" 3!Qt *e*raa %" r"*Q"
/(ratat"@ (ar & &*e!tat". Te*$erat&ra aer&'& 'a zQtare e%te (e 10 12oC@ &*(tatea re'at" a
aer&'& 70 75 # (&rata (e 47 (e ore. +er(er'e 3 :re&tate 3 t*$&' zQt"r %&t (e .A)&*area are (re$t %!o$ aro*atzarea $ro(&%&'&@ !re#terea !o%era't", (atort"
%&%ta,e'or ( )&* !& a!,&e at%e$t!" # ato(at"@ !are $"tr&( $r *e*ra" 3
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!o*$oz,e # /area (ezo't"r *&!e:a&r'or. A)&*area %e ee!&t" 'a &r*"tor $ara*etr a
)&*&'& te*$erat&ra - 15oC &*(tatea re'at" 72 -0@ (&rata 4 10 z'e@ 3 )&!,e (e t$&'
%a'a*&'& # (e (a*etr&' ato&'&. +er(er'e 3 :re&tate 'a a)&*are %&t ( e 1 0 12. t*$&'
zQt"r # a)&*"r@ !"r&!oare'e !& $ro(&%e %e %!/*" ( )a," 3 %$ate # (e 'a (rea$ta 'a %tQ:a
$etr& zQtare # a)&*are &)or*e. D&$" a)&*are@ $ro(&%e'e %&t %&$&%e o$era,e (e &%!are
*at&rare. A)&*area %e rea'zeaz" 3 %e*t&e'e # t&e'e (e a)&*are %a& 3 !e'&'e (e a)&*are
*at&rare &%!are (e !o%tr&!,e %$e!a'e 2.
1.7. In$: ii r#%#n"# r#*#ri"$r ( u"i(i!r# pr$%#s#($r )# *u+r# n in)us"ri %&rnii1.7.1. r$%#)#u )# *u+r# ( r#%# pr$)us#($r )in %rn#
Ie,a %e re)er" 'a (&%tra !"r@ # a&*e 'a & $ro!e(e& (e a)&*are 'a re!e a
$ro(&%e'or ( !are.+ro!e(e&' %o'!tat !'&(e a)&*area $ro(&%e'or ( !are $r re!r!&'area
)&*&'& o,&t 'a *o!rea 3e'#&r'or tar (e &! *at&rzate !& (*e%&ea $art!&'e'or (e
[email protected]@0 **@ 3!o(,'e $%e&(o'!/e)er 'or !& a!!e%&' '*tat (e o:e t*$ (e 17.. .24 ore@
$re!&* # *at&rarea # &%!area $ro(&%e'or o,&te 'a o te*$erat&r" (e 10...12VC t*$ (e . . . 5z'e.
Ie,a %e re)er" 'a (&%tra !"r@ # a&*e 'a & $ro!e(e& (e a)&*are 'a re!e a
$ro(&%e'or ( !are.E%te !&o%!&t & $ro!e(e& (e a)&*are 'a re!e a $ro(&%e'or ( !are@ !are
!'&(e $re'&!rarea ter*!" !& &t'zarea )&*&'& (e%@ )or*at 'a ar(erea r&*e:&'& ( 'e* !&
'*tarea a!!e%&'& aer&'& # &%!area &'teroar" a $ro(&%e'or a)&*ate . A%t)e'@ 3 !a'tate (e r&*e:
(e 'e* %&t &t'zate %$e! (e 'e* tare %te9ar@ )ra%@ ar. %" a!e%t $ro!e(e& & a%:&r" !a't",
:&%tate !ara!ter%t!e %a'a*&r'or # e%te (e '&:" (&rat". a)ar" (e a!ea%ta@ r&*e:&' (e 'e*
!o,e o !attate oare!are (e %&%ta,e r"#oa%e@ !are 3 t*$&' $re'&!r"r ter*!e $ot ) %&r%" a
&or %&%ta,e 10 o!e@ !&* ar ) ezo$erea@ )eo'@ )or*a'(e/(a@ a'!oo'&' *et'! et!. A%t)e'
(e %&%ta,e %e $ot %&'*a $e $ro(&%e'e ( !are # $e %a'a*&r@ )'&e,Q( !a't",'e :&%tate a'e
a!e%tora # %:&ra,a at!a!er:e".Cea *a a$ro$at" %o'&,e e%te $ro!e(e&' (e a)&*are 'a re!e a $ro(&%e'or ( !are@ !are
!'&(e a)&*area t*$ (e 246 ore $r re!r!&'area )&*&'& o,&t (e 'a *o!rea %Q*&r'or
(e )r&!te !& a!!e%&' '*tat (e o:e@ ar &%!area %e rea'zeaz" t*$ (e 5...; z'e 'a o te*$erat&r"
(e 10...12VC # &*(tatea re'at" a aer&'& (e ;5...75. +etr& )or*area )&*&'& %e )o'o%e%!3e'#&r'e tar )"rQ*,ate a'e %Q*&r'or (e !a%e@ #e #%a& $r&e !& (a*etr&' (e 0@05@00
**. %" !o(,'e (e a)&*are 'a re!e a $ro(&%e'or ( !are@ $re!&* # !oa!erea a!e%tora a *&'t
t*$. a)ar" (e a!ea%ta@ 3 !o*$oz,a (e %Q*&r z(ro, *a r"*Qe o oare!are !attate (e
$&'$" (e )r&!te@ (e a!eea $ro(&%e'e ( !are a)&*ate !o, %&%ta,e %&'*ate $e %&$ra)a,"@ !eea
!e & a%:&r" $ro$ret", or:ao'e$t!e !ara!ter%t!e $ro(&%e'or a)&*ate ( !are.+ro'e*a $e !are o rezo'" $rezeta e,e !o%t" 3 3*&"t",rea !ara!ter%t!'or
:&%tate a'e $ro(&%e'or ( !are # !o!o*tet *a9orarea ter*e&'& (e a'a'tate a $ro(&%e'or@
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$re!&* # *!#orarea t*$&'& (e a)&*are # !oa!ere@ !eea !e !o(&!e 'a re(&!erea !!'&'& (e
$ro(&!ere # a !/e't&e''or eer:et!e.+ro!e(e&' (e a)&*are 'a re!e !o)or* e,e a $ro(&%e'or ( !are !'&(e a)&*area
'or $r re!r!&'area )&*&'&@ o,&t 'a *o!rea 3e'#&r'or tar (e )r&!te !& (*e%&ea
$art!&'e'or (e 0 @5 .1 @0 **@ 3 !o(,'e $%e&(o'!/e)er 'or !& a!!e%&' '*tat (e o:e@
*at&rarea # &%!area $ro(&%e'or o,&te 'a o te*$erat&r" (e 10...12VC. !a'tate (e 3e'#&r tar
(e )r&!te %e &t'zeaz" 3e'#&r'e tar (e &! *at&rzate@ a)&*area %e e)e!t&eaz" t*$ (e 1724
ore@ ar *at&rarea # &%!area t*$ (e 5 z'e.Rez&'tat&' e,e !o%t" 3 a!eea !" !oa9a &!'or !o,e &&' (tre !o*$oete'e
a!te 9&:'o" 5o1@4a)to!/o"@ !are $o%e(" $ro$ret", a!ter!(e # !are !o)er"
$ro(&%e'or a)&*ate :&%t %$e!)! # o !&'oare r&"ro#et!". A!ea%ta *a9oreaz" (er%tatea #
!a't",'e :&%tate@ $re!&* # ter*ee'e (e $"%trare # a%:&r" (*&area re:*&r'or (e
te*$erat&r" # (&rata (e $re:"tre@ !eea !e !o(&!e 'a %!"(erea !/e't&e''or eer:et!e.Coa9a (e &! e%te & (e#e& e&t'zat@ !are r"*Qe (&$" %e$ararea *ez&'&. M"r&,rea
!o9'or %e )a!e 3 %ta'a,a $etr& *"r&,re@ )or*Q( $art!&'e !& *"r*ea (e 0 @5 .1 @0 **.
Ar(erea $art!&'e'or *"r&,te %e e)e!t&eaz" 3 %tare &*e(" 3 !o(, (e *o!re # (e
$%e&(o'!/e)ere !& a!!e% '*tat a' aer&'& 'a re!r!&'are@ !eea !e a%:&r" )or*area )&*&'& (e% !&
a$or (e a$" # tro(&!erea )&*&'& 3 re:* !ot&& 3 !a*ere'e (e a)&*are.Ee*$'&.A)&*"r 'a re!e a& )o%t %&$&%e %a'a*&r'e (e t$ Waao% !are !o,
!o*$oete %ta(ar( (e to!"t&r" ( !are@ a(ao%&r # &%t&ro 3 !o*$oe,a *ro(e'or.
A)&*area %a e)e!t&at !& &t'zarea $art!&'e'or )"rQ*,ate (e !o9 (e &! !& *"r*ea (e [email protected]@0
**@ ar(erea $art!&'e'or *"r&,te %e e)e!t&eaz" 3 %tare &*e(" 3 !o(, (e *o!re # (e$%e&(o'!/e)ere !& a!!e% '*tat a' o:e&'& 'a re!r!&'are !& !oa!erea # &%!area &'teroar" a
$ro(&%&'&. Co!o*tet a )o%t e)e!t&at" a)&*area # !o)or* !o(,'or !e'e *a a$ro$ate %o'&,.A& )o%t a$re!ate t*$&' (e a)&*are # (e !oa!ere a $ro(&%e'or@ !a't",'e :&%tate@ $re!&*
# !attatea (e %&%ta,e %&'*ate $e %&$ra)a,a $ro(&%e'or. A$re!erea !att", (e %&%ta,e
%&'*ate $e $ro(&%e'e a)&*ate $Q" 'a # (&$" a)&*are %a e)e!t&at $r *e,erea $ro(&%e'or 3
a$" (%t'at" 'a te*$erat&ra (e 50VC t*$ (e 1 or" !& e)e!t&area &'teroar" a aa'ze
%$e!tro)oto!o'or*etr!e a etra!t&'& ( a$". Aa'za a )o%t e)e!t&at" 'a %$e!tro)oto*etr&'
CeWOX11. Rez&'tate'e aa'ze'or %&t $rezetate 3 tae'&' 1.;.1.
T#(u( 1.7.1. Cara!ter%t! )z!o!/*!e or:ao'e$t!e a $ro(&%e'or o &te $r ()erte re:*e (e a)&*are
C$n)i,ii )# #p#ri+#n"r# Cr%"#ris"i%iIn)i%i R#/i+uri C$n*$r+ in:#n,i#i C$n*$r+
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
%$n)i,ii($r %#(#i +ipr$pi"# s$(u,ii
Re:*&' (ea)&*are
Te*$erat&ra@VC 20...2 20...2
T*$&'@ ore 24 6
Co,&t&' (e%&%ta,e %&'*ate
Ite%tatea re'at" a ''or%$e!tr&'& (e a%or,e a'etra!t&'& a$o% 3 tera'&';0... 400 *
1@45 1@54
C/e't&e'eer:et!e
C/e't&e' eer:et!e %$e!)!e'a 100 : (e $ro(&!,e@ Yor"
5
U%!area # !oa!erea$ro(&%&'&
T*$&'@ ore 5 ;
+ro$ret", :&%tate Cara!ter%t! or:ao'e$t!e +ro$ret", :&%tate3*&"t",te # (earo*atzare
Mro% (e &%t&roe%e*)!at
C&* rez&'t" ( (ate'e $rezetate@ $ro(&!erea %a'a*&r'or !o)or* $ro!e(e&'& $ro$&% are3*&"t",r e!oo*!e ( !ot&' *!#or"r t*$&'& (e $re:"tre a $ro(&%&'& (e 1@51@2 or@
$re!&* # (*&area !/e't&e''or eer:et!e.M!#orarea a'or te%t", ''or (e a%or,e $e %$e!tro:ra*e e%te !ara!ter%t!"
*!#or"r !att", (e %&%ta,e %&'*ate $e %a'a* 3 !o*$ara,e !& %a'a*&r'e a)&*ate !& )&* (e
%Q*&r (e )r&!te. F&*&' (e 'a !o9'e *"r&,te (e &! & )'&e,eaz" e:at a%&$ra $ro$ret",'or
te/o'o:!e a'e *atere $r*e # a'e $ro(&%&'& a)&*at. +ro(&%e'e ( !are %&t $re'&!rate !& )&*
(e% )"r" 10 %&'*area $ro(&%e'or (e 'a (%tr&:erea !o*$oete'or or:a!e a'e !o9'or (e &!@
$o%e(Q( o aro*" $'"!&t".A%t)e'@ 3 a)ar" (e aata9e'e e!oo*!e@ (atort" &t'z"r !o9'or *"r&,te (e &! $etr&
o,erea )&*&'& (e% !& a$or (e a$" 'a a)&*area 'a re!e a $ro(&%e'or ( !are %e 3*&"t",e%!
!a't",'e :&%tate # %e a%:&r" r(!area $&rt", e!o'o:!e a $ro(&%e'or.+ro!e(e& (e a)&*are 'a re!e a $ro(&%e'or ( !are@ !are !'&(e a)&*area 'or $r
re!r!&'area 20 )&*&'&@ o,&t 'a *o!rea 3e'#&r'or tar (e )r&!te !& (*e%&ea $art!&'e'or
(e 0@5.. .1@0 ** 3 !o(,'e $%e&(o'!/e)er 'or !& a!!e%&' '*tat (e o:e@ *at&rarea # &%!area
$ro(&%e'or o,&te 'a o te*$erat&r" (e 10...12VC@ !ara!terzat $r a!eea !"3 !a'tate (e 3e'#&r
tar (e )r&!te %e &t'zeaz" 3e'#&r'e tar (e &! *at&rzate@ a)&*area %e e)e!t&eaz" t*$ (e 17.. .
24 ore@ ar *at&rarea # &%!area t*$ (e 5 z'e 5.
1.7.2. #"$) )# *u+r# r#%# pr$)us#($r (i+#n"r#
Meto(a (e a)&*are re!e a $ro(&%e'or a'*etare 3 !a*era (e a)&*are@ !ara!terzat $r
a!eea !" $ro(&%&' e%te e$&% a*e%te!&'& (e )&*aer # 3 !ot&& %e %!/*" te*$erat&ra %a (e 'a
!e a(*%" 'a 3!"'zre $3" 'a a!ea (ort" (e r"!re # te*$erat&ra a*e%te!&'& (e )&*aer e%te 3
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
!ot&" %!/*are (e 'a *a*" at&! !Q( %&t 3!"'zte@ $3" 'a **" 3 t*$&' r"!r@ #
)re!e,a (e o%!'a,e a te*$erat&r a*e%te!&'& (e )&*aer %e %!rozeaz" *"r* a'oar
te*$erat&r a $ro(&%&'& 6.
1.7.3. C$ns#r:r# prin *u+r# pr$)us#($r (i+#n"r# %u r#*#rir# ( *u+r#s(+uri($r %ru)# "ip Siiu
A)&*area )a!e $arte ( o$era,'e (e )ar!a,e a $re$arate'or ( !are # e%te !'&%" !a o)az" 3 a#a&*t&' trata*et ter*!. Se *a $oate a$'!a # 'a $e#te # r3zet&r. Ea $oate )
!o*at" # !& !ea'a't" )az" ( trata*et&' ter*!@ )ererea@ %a& $oate ra*3e !a )az" &!" 3
a!e%t trata*et ter*!.
+r a)&*are %e 3,e'e:e %&$&erea $re$arate'or ( !are@ $e#te'& %a& r3zet&r'or
a!,& )&*&'& $ro(&% $r ar(erea !o*$'et" a 'e*&'& %a& a r&*e:&'& (e 'e*. A!e%ta (&!e
'a o erea &r*atoare'or e)e!te
*$e(!area (ezo't"r a!ter'or a!,&e a!tero%tat!" *$e(!area o("r $ro(&%e'or ato(at
&%!area %&$ra)e,e $re$arat&'& ( !are
a*e'orarea :&%t&'& $re$arate'or ( !are # *$r*area && :&%t %$e!)!
o,erea !&'or %$e!)!e@ atra:"toare.
A!e%te e)e!te %e o, (atort" !"'(&r 'a !are %e )a!e a)&*area # a a!,& &or %&%ta,e
!/*!e a)'ate 3 !o*$oz,a )&*&'& (o( (e !aro@ *eta@ eta@ a!( a!et!@ a!( a:e'!@ a!(
)&ra!@ a!( ':o!er!@ o %ere (e a'!oo' !a *et'!@ et'!@ a*'!@zoa*'!@et!@ o %ere (e !etoe
!a a!etoe@ (a!et'@ o %ere (e :&(roae ) (%$er%ate@ )eo'@!rezo'@ et!.
A)&*area e%te *eto(a *t" (e !o%erare azat" $e a!,&ea !/*!"@ at%e$t!" a
!o*$oe,'or )&*&'& # $e a!,&ea !"'(&r !are $ro(&!e (e%/(ratarea $arta'" a $ro(&%e'or. U
a*a&t *$ortat e%te a!e'a !a $ro(&%e'e a'*etare (e%tate a)&*ar tre&e %a )e &%!ate@
(eoare!e &*(tatea 3:re&eaz" (e$oztarea !o*$oete'or ( )&*.
Co%erarea $r a)&*are are 3 e(ere atat $re'&:rea (&rate (e a'a'tate@ !3t #
*o()!area !ara!ter%t!'or %ezora'e a'e $ro(&%e'or %&$&%e a!e%te o$era,.
!o!'&ze@ a)&*area@ e%te o *eto(" )oarte &" (e !o%erare a $ro(&%e'or a'*etare
1.
1.7.4. r$%#)#u )# pr$)u%#r# s(+u(ui %ru) *u+"Ie,a %e re)er" 'a (&%tra !"r # a&*e 'a te/o'o:a (e o,ere a %a'a*&r'or
!r&(e a)&*ate $rtr& $ro!e% (e *at&rzare a!!e'erat.
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
+ro!e(e&' (e $ro(&!ere a %a'a*&'& !r&( a)&*at $ree(e $re:"trea !"r (e t" # (e
$or!@ to!area@ a*e%te!area *a%e o,&te !& a(ao%&r !e !o, a!( a%!or!@ :'&!oo7'a!to@
o*o)er*et ( 'a$te # a(ao% !o*$oz,oa' (e t$&' S&$erZ&!:o'([ 3tr& a&*t ra$ort a'
!o*$oete'or@ &*$'erea !& a*e%te!&' o,&t a *e*rae'or (e %a'a*&r@ ta%area@ a)&*area 'a
re!e # &%!area %a'a*&'&. A)&*area %e e)e!t&eaz" t*$ (e 24...6 ore 3tro at*o%)er" (e )&*
o,&t (e 'a *o!rea %3*&r'or (e )r&!te !& a!!e%&' '*tat (e o:e@ ar &%!area %e rea'zeaz"
t*$ (e 5.. .; z'e 'a o te*$erat&r" (e 10...12VC # &*(tatea re'at" a aer&'& (e ;5... 75.
Ut'zarea 'or e!'&(e )or*area %&%ta,e'or !a!er:ee 3 $ro!e%&' $re'&!r"r 'a a)&*are a
%a'a*&r'or. %!o$&' e!oo*%r %3*&r'or (%$er%a, a)&*area 'a re!e $oate ) rea'zat" !!'!@
(3( )&* $etr& tre ore !& *e,erea '& &'teroar" $e $ar!&r%&' &e ore 3 )&*&' !r!&'at )"r"
(e:a9are 3 at*o%)er".
Rez&'tat&' e,e !o%t" 3 3*&"t",rea !a't",'or :&%tate # *a9orarea $&rt",
e!o'o:!e a %a'a*&r'or !r&(e a)&*ate ;.
1.7.5. #"$) )# *u+r# #(#%"r$s""i%& 'i )isp$!i"i: )# p(i%r# %#s"ui
Meto(a (e a)&*are e'e!tro%tat!" a $ro(&%e'or $r $o*$area )&*&'& $r !oroa
e'e!tro(&'& $e $ro(&%&' $re'&!rat @ a*$'a%ate 3tr& !Q*$ e'e!tro%tat! (e a*e'e $"r,@%e
(eo%ee#te $r a!eea@ !" )'&&r'e (e )&* !o%tat %e 3(rea$t" $r re,ea&a e!raat" (e %e$arare a
)&*&'& (ea '&:&' e'e!troz'or (e (e%!"r!are %& )or*a (e a!e@ 3(re$tat" %$re $ro(&%&' $re'&!rat
$etr& a)&*are7.
1.7.6. Ins"(,i# )# *u+r# n :i) A!ea%t" !a*er" e%te $roe!tat" $etr& 3tre$r(er'e *! # *9'o!. +ote,a'&' e'e!tr!
a$'!at 'a are'e !& $ro(&% a!!e'ereaz" (e$&erea %&%ta,e'or ( )&* (e 50100 or @ ( !a&za 3
!are $ro!e%&' (e a)&*are re!e e%te re(&% 'a 12 /. Geerator&' (e )&* *e!a! !& )r!,&e a%:&r"
!a*era !& )&* (e 3a't" !a'tate@ )"r" %&%ta,e !a!er:ee@ ar )'tr&' (e a$a e)e!t&eaz" o !&r",are
%&$'*etar" a )&*&'& (e !o*$ *a!ro*o'e!&'ar.
S!o$&' e,e a %ta'a,e (e a)&*are 3 ( e%te '"r:rea !a$a!t",'or te/o'o:!e $r
*"rrea teze (e !r!&'are a )&*&'& # (e%tatea )&*&'& 3 !a*era (e a)&*are@ !rearea
!o(,'or@ (e !re#tere a $eetr"r $ro(&%&'& e$&%.
La (e%!re %e $oate (e *e,oat !" %ta'a,a are $o%'tatea (e a )o'o% & %%te* e)!et
(e !otro' a' te*$erat&r@ %%te* (e !otro' # re:'are a !oe)!et&'& (e !o*&%t' 3 e!e% @
%%te*a (e *otorzare a (e%t", )&*&'&@ %%te*a (e )'trare a )&*&'& # a'te e'e*ete (e %$r9
-.
1.7.7.
Ins"(,i# )# *u+r# n :i)
Ie,a %e re)er" 'a (%$ozte'e $etr& $ro(&!erea $ro(&%e'or ( !are # $e#tea)&*at !a'( # re!e@ $ot ) &t'zate (e !"tre 3tre$r(er # :o%$o("r $art!&'are. Oe!t&' a!e%te
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
e, e%te !re#terea e)!e,e (e )&!,oare a %ta'a,e $r !rearea re:*&'& (et! (e
te*$erat&r" # :az $etr& 3trea:a !attate (e *atere tratat" # *!#orarea !a$a!ta, (e !o%&* a
eer:e 10.
1.7.8. Ins"(,i# p#n"ru pr#/&"ir# +#s"#%u(ui *u+
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
!a*ere'e (e a)&*are %&t %&$&%e 'a (o&" %a& *a *&'te eta$e (e $re'&!rare a a$e $ota'e )
(%$er%at"@ ar 'a $r*a eta$" *e(&'& '!/( e%te (re!,oat $r *eto(" !o*at" $ara'e' # (e
*#!are 3 !otra!&ret !& & a*e%te! (e )&*aer@ 3 t*$ !e a (o&a eta$" # 3 &r*"toare'e eta$e
3 $ara'e' !&ret&'& !& $art!&'e'e r"*a%e (e )&* $re!&* 3 $r*a eta$" %e e)e!t&eaz" 3!"'zrea@
ar 'a &'t*a r"!re eteroar" a $ro!e%&'&.
La toate eta$e'e a $ro!e%&'& %e )o'o%e#te re!!'area a$e $3" 'a %at&ra,a (ort" !&
!o*$oete'e )&*&'&. U aata9 %e*)!at a' *eto(e e%te o,erea && $re$arat (e a)&*are
!& !ara!ter%t! $re%ta'te $ra!t! e$&rarea !o*$'et" a )&*&'& 1.
1.7.11.
#"$) )# $,in#r# pr#pr"u(ui )# *u+r#Ie,a %e re)er" 'a (&%tra a'*etar"@ 3 %$e!a' $etr& $ro(&!erea (e $ro(&%e (
!are # $e#te a)&*ate 'a !a'( # 'a re!e@ $re!&* # (&%tra (e !o%ere.
Mo(a'tate (e a o,e $re$arat&'& (e a)&*are@ $ree(e $ro'za 'e*&'&@ # etra!,a !&
etra!tat '!/( 'a o $re%&e $e%te $re%&ea at*o%)er!" # zo'area $ro(&%&'& (ort $r !"(ere (e$re%&e 'a $re%&ea at*o%)er!"@ $ro!e%&' e%te !ara!terzat $r a!eea !" 'a etra:ere %e &t'zeaz"
& a*e%te! (e ar:o # &ta 'a & ra$ort (e 10210@ re%$e!t@ 3 a#a )e' $ro!e%&' (e etra!,e %e
(e%)"#oar" 3 !o(, %&$er!rt!e.
St&(&' $ro$reta,'or@ *a)e%tate (e etra!tat&' !o*$'e@a )o%t (e$%tate $o%'t",'e a
a*e%te!&'& $ro$&% (e a etra:e 'a $ro'z" 'e*&'& & &*a a %&%ta,e'e aro*at!e@ !ara!ter%t!
$re$arat&'& (e a)&*are@ (ar (e a%e*eea # a a!z'or :ra#@ !are 3*o:",e%! # *"re%! a'oarea
o'o:!" a $ro(&%&'& )t 14.
1.7.12. #"$) )# #:(ur# %(i"&,ii *u+u(ui n pr$%#su( )# *u+r#Mo(a'tate (e a ea'&a !a'tatea )&*&'& 3 $ro!e%&' (e a)&*are@ !are %e !ara!terzeaz"
$r )a$t&' !" (eter*area !o!etra,e *a%!e a !o!etra,'or )aze (%$er%ate # a *a%e (e
)eo' !o,&te 3 ea re!a'!&'at 'a :aa!o'@ a!z re!a'!&'at 'a a!( a!et!@ !o*$ !aro'!
re!a'!&'at 'a )&r)&ro'@ %e !a'!&'eaz" !oe)!et&' (e %at&ra,e a !o*$oe,'or@ $etr& !are %&*a
!o!etra,e *a%!" %e 3*$arte 'a !o!etra,a *a%!" a )aze (%$er%e a )&*&'& # %e ea'&eaz"
)&*&' 'a a)&*are (e !a'tate 'a !oe)!et&' (e %at&ra,e & *a *! (e 0@5 15.
1.7.13.
#"$) )# pr#/&"ir# ru+#/u'u(ui )# (#+n p#n"ru $,in#r# *u+u(ui ( *u+r#Ie,a %e re)er" 'a *eto(e (e a $re:"t r&*e:&' (e 'e* $etr& o,erea )&*&'&@
&t'zat 3 (&%tra a'*etar" $etr& a)&*area !"r # a $ro(&%e'or ( $e#te. $ro!e%&' (e :"tre
a r&*e:&'& (e 'e* $etr& a $ro(&!e )&* $etr& $ro!e%&' (e a)&*are $r %trrea *atere$r*e 'e*oa%e@ %ortarea@ %)"rQ*area $ro(&%e'or %trte (&$" *"r*e # (&$" :ra(&' (e &%!are@
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Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
&%!area %e e)e!t&eaz" 3 (o&" eta$e. $r*a eta$" %e a9&%teaz" &*(tate re'at" a r&*e:&'& (e
'e* $Q" 'a 205@ a$o 'a a!ea%t" &*(tate re'at" e%te *e,&t" t*$ (e 070 *&te 'a
te*$erat&r" (e 50;0 V C@ 3tro !a*er" ter*o%tatat"@ a$o a (o&a eta$" 3 !a*era (e &%!are %&t
a9&%tate a#!/'e 'a &*(tatea re'at" (e 1015. rez&'tat&' %e $ro(&!e o %!"(ere 3 %tr&!t&ra
a#!/'or (e 'e* $re:"tte a a!&*&'ar (e %&%ta,e'or (e a'a%t # to!e@ a!( )or*! #@ $r
&r*are@ %e re(&!e a(*%a 'or 3 $ro(&%e'e a'*etare 'a $ro'za a a#!/'or (e 'e* :"tte. $'&%@
o* rezo'a $ro'e*a (e (%tr&:ere (e :'&!(e !o*$'ee /e*!e'&'oza $3" 'a za/ar&r %*$'e 3
)aza (e $re:"tre a r&*e:&'&@ a%t)e'@ # a 'e $ree *errea 'or 3 $ro(&%e'e a'*etare 3
t*$&' a)&*"r 16.
1.7.14. Ar$+"i!"$rii 'i u"i(0u( p#n"ru *u+r# *&r& *u+
&'t* a *&', $ro(&!"tor ( Fe(era,a R&%" e)e!t&eaz" tratarea ter*!" !& )o'o%rea
$re$arat&'& (e a)&*are. Ut'zarea *eto(e (e a)&*are )"r" (e )&* :arateaz" !a'tatea %ta'" a
$ro(&%e'or@ !'&z3( :&%t&'@!&'oarea@ *ro%&' # a', (!ator or:ao'e$t!. a)ar" (e a!ea%ta
$re$arte'e (e a)&*are & !o, %&%ta,e o!e %aat", o*&'& !&* %&t %&ta,e'e !a!er:ee
/(ra, (e !aro aro*at! $o'!!'!.+ro!e%&' (e o,ere a )&*&'& '!/( !o%t" 3 (e%!o*$&erea ter*!" a 'e*&'& )"r"
a!!e% 'a o:e$ro'z". O *$orta," (eo%et" a!e%t& $ro!e% e%te te*$erat&ra rea!,e
eoter*!e.A )o%t (e%!o$ert" o *eto(" &!a'" (e o,ere aro*atzator&'& at&ra' $etr& a)&*area
$ro(&%e'or ( !are 'a te*$erat&r 9oa%e a $ro'ze *a 9o% (e 400 oC # teze *! (e 3!"'zre@
!are e%te ()ere,a $r!$a'" )a," (e a'te *eto(e te*$erat&r" (e $ro'z" *a *are (e 400 oC #
teza *a ra$(" (e 3!"'zre.A!ea%ta $er*te (e a o,e J)&* '!/(JJ )"r" (e %&ta,e
!a!er:ee@ # & e!e%t" e$&rare a(a&:"toare.JF&*&' '!/(JJ o,&t !o%t" ( 60 (e a$" # 40 %&ta,e or:a!e a'!oo'@ a!z
!aro!@!aro'@ )&rao'@)eo'@/(ra, (e !aro aro*at! $o'!!'!. Matera $r*" $etr&
$ro(&!erea J)&*&'& '!/(JJ %ere#te r&*e: (e 'e* a %$e!'or (&r (e !o$a! )a: %a& %te9ar@ !e
are !ert)!ate a(eer," (e %:&ra,".Co*$oe,a !/*!" a J)&*&'& '!/(JJ )'&e,eaz" 'a !a'tatea !ara!ter%t!e'or
$ro(&%&'& )t 3 *o(&' &r*"tor Feo' # )&ra a%:&r" aro*"@ !ore%$&z"tor $ro(&%&'& (at Caro' $ro( rea!,e Maer \ re%t&r'e 'e:"t&r'or a*oa!z'or !& za/ar(&'
:'!oz(! /(ro'! %ta'zeaz" !&'oare D)eo' ato(a,@ )eo' # a!z a!tero%tat! $re'&:e%! (&rata (e $"%trare a
$ro(&%&'& $e !ot&' $re'&!r"r !& %&ta,e'e (e t""!ereE%t" !3tea *eto(e (e 3tre&,are a )&*&'& J'!/(JJ # J&%!atJJ J]^_`bcdfJJ.Ua ( ea \
tro(&!erea e*9'o!t" 3 $ro(&%.
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D&$" a!ea%t" *eto(" J]^_`bcdf gh 1JJ aro*atzator )&*&'& 3 )or*" (e $ra) %e
a(a&:" 3 !o*$oz,a %a'a*&r'or )erte # %e*a)&*ate 3 !attate (e 0@10@ 'a 100 : *atere
$r*".J]^_`bcdf i j_fbJJ J)&* '!/(JJ !& $8 e&tr&@ %e a(a&:" 3 !o*$oz,a %a'a*&r'or )erte #
%e*a)&*ate 3 !attate (e 0@10@ 'a 100 : *atere $r*".A!ea%t" *eto(" e%te *a %*$'"@ # & e!e%t" &t'a9e %$e!a'e. Se &t'zeaz" 3 %$e!a'
$etr& $ro(&!erea %a'a*&r'or )erte@ %e*a)&*ate # )erta)&*ate @ #&!" # a'te $ro(&%e (!are.%" & a%:&r" !&'oarea !ara!ter%t!" # aro*a a)&*"r # ( a!ea%t" !a&z" tre&e (e
!o*at !& $re'&!rarea %&$ra)e,e $ro(&%&'& !& J)&* '!/(JJ %a& a)&*are tra(,oa'".A't" *eto(" $ree(e $re'&!rarea !& $re$arat&' (e a)&*are $r %tro$re %a& %!&)&(area 3
e' a $ro(&%&'&@ # 'a )e' 3*&erea 3 e' a *e*rae at&ra'e. $art!&'ar J]^_`bcdfk2JJ
J)&* '!/(JJ@ %o'&' 3 a$" 3 $ro$or, (e 11 15 or*a 'a 100: (e *atere !o%tt&e 100
150:.A!ea%t" *eto(" & e!e%t" !a*ere %$e!a'e # J)&*&' '!/(JJ %e $oate (e )o'o%t (e *a
*&'te or@ !e (eo%et !ore%$&(e !& )o'o%rea '& 'a ''e te/o'o:!e e3trer&$te@!!'!e (eee*$'&@ !3( !re*&r#t (&$" &*$'ere tre! $r t&e' 3ze%trat !& ( ( J)&* '!/(JJ. t*$&'
$re'&!r"r %&$ra)e,e $ro(&%&'& %& *e*ra" %e )or*eaz" !o9,"@ !are re(" !&'oare )r&*oa%" (e
a)&*are # *!#oreaz" $er(er'e ter*!e (e *a%".Meto(a a!ea%t" $ro$&%" re(&!e t*$&' $re'&!r"r ter*!e # a%:&r" $"%trarea !&r",ee 3
!a*ere@ )(!" e*9'o!t 3 !a*er" )&*&' & %a &t'zat.Ato*zarea e%te (e az" # *a $er%$e!t" *eto(" (e $re'&!rare )&*&'& '!/( # %e
e)e!t&eaz" !& %ta'a,e %$e!a'" \ ato*zator.
+etr& ato*zarea %e &t'zeaz" J]^_`bcdf A j_fbJJ J)&* '!/(JJ@ !are !o*$'ete!'&(e $ro!e%&' (e $r"9re # a)&*are a $ro(&%&'&or*a 'a 100: (e *atere !o%tt&e 100
150:.+etr& ato*zarea 3 teror&' !a*ere 3 )&!,e (e o'&*&' !a*ere %e %ta'eaz" &a %a&
!3tea $&'erzatoare @ !are !& a9&tor&' aer&'& !o*$r*at %e $o*$eaz" J)&*&' '!/(JJ.A!ea%ta
*eto(" %e $oate &t'za 3 toate t$&r'e (e ter*o!a*ere@ 3 a)ar" (e !a*ere'e !& a!,&e
e3trer&$t".Aata9&' a!e%te *eto(e %e $oate atr& *!#orarea t*$&'& (e $re'&!rare ter*!" #
*!#orarea $er(er'or (e *a%"@ $re'&:rea (&rate (e $"%trare $ro(&%&'& )t (atort"$ro$ret",'or ato(ate a J)&*&'& '!/(JJ re(&!erea *&r("rr !a*ere'or@ (e a%e*eea
re(&!erea !/e't&e'e'or (e eer:e e'e!tr!". +ro(&%&' )t $re'&!rat !& J)&* '!/(JJ $o%e(" !&'oare
&" # %ta'"@ aro*" # *ro% (e a)&*are. De ee*$'&@ 'a $re'&!rarea !aroat&'& )erta)&*at 3
!a*era WO810 (&rata a)&*"r $r *eto(a tra(,oa'" !o%tt&e 60 *&te@ ar 'a $re'&!rare !&
J)&* '!/(JJ \ 25 *&te.Re(&!erea (&rate (e a)&*are !& 5 *&te re(&!e $er(er'e ter*!e !&
4. tr&!3t %e *"re#te ra(a*et&' # %e *!#oreaz" $re,&' $ro(&%&'& )t. a#a )e'@ &t'zarea aro*atzator'or J]^_`bcdfJJ@ a%:&r"
G&%t&' tra(,oa'@ !&'oarea # %ta'tatea !a't", $ro(&%&'& )t@ +"%trarea %ta'ta, !&'or (e a)&*are 'a (e$oztare@
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Re(&!erea !/e't&e'e'or ter*!e $e !ot&' re(&!er (&rate (e a)&*are@ Cre#terea $ro(&!tt", 3tre$r(er@ A%:&rarea e!o'o:!" (e $ro(&!ere # $ro(&%e'or )te@ Re(&!erea !/e't&e'e'or (e eer:e e'e!tr!" # !&r",area ter*o!a*ere'or@ M"rrea (&rate (e $"%trare a $ro(&%e'or@ M!#orarea !e('or (e $o9ar 'a $ro(&!ere@ (atort" e!'&(er 'e*&'&.
+ro(&%&' )ar!at e%te %*$'& 3 &t'zare@ e%te 3ze%trat" !& o $o*$" $etr& $o*$are
)or,at" # (ozarea ea!t" a J)&*&'& '!/(JJ@ $o%'tatea (e '&!r& 3 re:*&' *a&a' # a&to*ata!e%t &t'a9 )a!e !o!&re," $e $a,a e&ro$ea" 1;.
7.1.15. #"$) )# *ri%r# s(+uri($r *u+"# %u $ )ur"& +r# )# p&s"rr#Ie,a %e re)er" 'a (&%tra !"r # $oate ) &t'zat" $etr& $ro(&!erea (e %a'a*&r@
*eze'&r )ertea)&*ate # %e*a)&*ate.+ro!e(e&' !'&(e $re:"trea *atere $r*e ( !are #
*atera'e a&'are@ *"r&,rea@ %"rarea % $re:"trea to!"t&r !& tro(&!erea && $re$arat (e
a)&*are lF&* '!/( +'&%H@ &*$'erea *e*rae'or !& to!"t&r"@ 3(e%area@ trata*et&' ter*! )"r"
a)&*are@ r"!rea. ate (e &*$'ere *e*rae a!e%tea %&t 3*&ate $e 1040 *&te 3tro %o'&,ea$oa%" (e $re$arat (e a)&*are =Fu+ (i%-i) (us>@ !& & !o,&t (e %are (e ;. D&$" r"!re@ $e
$ro(&%&' )t e%te a$'!at & %trat (e !o*$oz,e !are !o,e o (%$er%e $o'*er # !& *o()!ator \
$re$arate (e a)&*are lF&* '!/( +'&%H@ 3 !attate (e 0@110@0 ( *a%a tota'" a !o*$oz,e@
a$o %e a!o$er" !& & %trat (e $rote!,e !& !are %e e)e!teaz" tote o$era,'e te/o'o:!e &'teroare.
Meto(a $er*te )ar!area *eze'&r a)&*ate e!o'o:! $&re !& & ter* (e (e$oztare *are@
)o'o%( *eto(a (e a)&*are )"r" )&* 7.
1.8. CONCLUII ?I ROUNERI
Te*a teze St&(erea aa'za $ro!e%e'or (e a)&*are a $ro(&%e'or ( !areH e%tere(at"
$r e'aorarea te/o'o:e # *o(erzarea !otro'&'& *!roo'o:! (e $ro(&!ere a %a'a*&'&
%e*a)&*at Co(r&MH !a'tatea II # %$e!a't", J$a%tra*a (e C/#"&JJ !a'tatea I JJ St&(erea
aa'za $ro!e%e'or (e a)&*are a $ro(&%e'or ( !areHJJ@ %t&(&' 'o:ra)! re'e" !" !otro'&'
*!roo'o:! 9oa!" & ro' *$ortat 3 %a'&rtatea # !a'tatea $ro(&%e'or ( !are. teza (e
'!e," $ro$& &r*"toare'e *o()!"r *$'e*et"r@ *o(erz"r1. Ut'zarea )&*&'& '!/(J]^_`bcdfJJ$etr& a *!#ora !!'&' te/o'o:!@ a a%:&ra
%e!&rtatea :e!o%atar" a $ro(&%&'&@ a*e'orarea !o(,'or (e '&!r&@ $rote9area
*e(&'& a*at $re!&* # $etr& *"rrea (&rate (e $"%trare.2. A)&*area $ro(&%e'or 3 !a*era (e a)&*are 3 ( @!are are &r*"toare'e aata9e
*"rrea teze (e !r!&'are a )&*&'& # (e%tatea )&*&'& 3 !a*era (e a)&*are@!rearea
!o(,'or@ (e !re#tere a $eetr"r $ro(&%&'& e$&%@ $ro!e%&' (e a)&*are re!e e%te re(&%
'a 12 / :eerator&' (e )&* a%:&r" !a*era !& )&* (e 3a't" !a'tate@ )"r" %&%ta,e
!a!er:ee@ ar )'tr&' (e a$a e)e!t&eaz" o !&r",are %&$'*etar" a )&*&'& (e !o*$*a!ro*o'e!&'ar.
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3. A)&*area 'a re!e !& )o'o%rea %3*&r'or (e )r&!te %a& 3e'#&r'e (e &! *at&rzate
'a o,erea )&*&'& !& a!!e%&' '*tat a o:e&'& # re!r!&'area )&*&'& re(&!e
!o,&t&' (e %&%ta,e !a!er:ee @ (e a%e*eea 3*&"t",( !a'tatea %ezora'" a
$ro(&%&'&@ re(&!3( # t*$&' (e trata*et !& )&*@ *!#or3( # !/e't&e'e'e (e
$ro(&!ere.
2. CARACTERISTICA RODUSULUI FINIT ?I A ATERIALELOR
Carea re$rezt" ,e%&t&' *&%!&'ar %!/e'eta' 3*$re&" !& ,e%&t&r'e 'a !are a(er" 3 *o(
at&ra'. !az&' !"r (e $a%"re o,&ea (e !are !&$r(e # $e'ea. D&$" $ro$or,a (e ,e%&t&r
%tr"e !are a(er" 'a *!/ %e (eo%ee%! !are !& o%@ !are (ezo%at" \ *a!r" *oa'e@ !are a'ea%"
\ !&ra,t" (e te(oae@ oa%e # :r"%*e. +ro$or,a ()ertor ,e%&t&r ( !are (e$(e (e %$e!a
a*a'&'& (e ra%"@ (e 3r%t"@ %e&' # %tarea '& (e 3:r"#are. +artea $r!$a'" a !"r e ,e%&t&'
*&%!&'ar !are !o%tt&e !r!a 40 ( :re&tatea !or$&'& a*a'.
C'a%)!area $re$arate'or ( !are %e )a!e (&$a *a *&'te !rter $ro(&%e %"rate@ a)&*ate@
%e*a)&*ate@ !r&(a)&*ate@ &%!ate .
(e$e(e," (e *atera $r*" )o'o%t" %e (eo%ee%!
+re$arate &*a ( !are (e $or! #&!" @ $&'$" (e $or! @ 9a*o
+re$arate &*a ( !are (e t" $a%tra*a (e t"
+re$arate ( !are (e o@ ( !are (e $a%"re@ %&$ro(&%e toe@ 'ert
+re$arate !are %e )o'o%e%! *a *&'te )e'&r %a'a*&r .D&$a )or*a (e $rezetare %e (eo%ee%! !3r"!or@ %a'a*&r @r&'a(e
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D&$a (e%ta,e %e (eo%ee%! $re$arate (e )e!are z $re$arate (et!e@ $etr& !o$@ $etr&
!o%*oa&,@ ar*at".
D&$a (&rata (e $a%trare
+ro%$"t&r %a'a*&r )erte@ %a)a'a(e@ 'ert@ toe@ (&$" (&rata *a*a'" (e $"%trare 47
ore.
Sa'a*&r %e*a)&*ate@ )erta)&*ate@ %e a(*te (e$oztarea 'a t0m P7 0C t*$ (e 0 z'e.
Sa'a*&r !r&(a)&*ate@ ter*e&' (e $"%trare t*$ (e 12 '&@ t0m P70C .
+ro(&%e'e ( !are )ar!ate@ ( !are to!at" !& a*e%te! (e %"rare # !o(*ete@
tro(&%e 3 *e*raa # %&$&%e trata*et&'& ter*! $r )erere@ $r"9re@ a)&*are %e &*e%!
*eze'&r.
Ma9ortatea *eze'&r'or !& $&,e e!e$, %&t $ro(&%e !are %e !o%&*" )"r" $re$arate
!&'are a'*etare.
2.1. Cr%"#ris"i% pr$)usu(ui *ini"
T#(u( 2.1.1.I(! or:ao'e$t! # )z!o!/*!
D#nu+ir# in)#%#(ui
C$)ru
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(a*etr&' 4050 **. !*.
A%$e!t # !o%%te,"Batoae'e !& %&$ra)a,a &%!at"@
!&rat"@ )"r" (eteror"r a'e*e*rae@ a)'&ete (e !o*$oz,e@
$ete a'$r .Co%%te,a e'a%t!".
S&$ra)a,a &%!at"@ %&$ra)a,a$re%&rat" !& $$er e:r&@
&%t&ro # %are.
Co%%te,a e'a%t!".
Fra!,a *a%!" (e NaC' 2@5
Fra!,a *a%!" (e NaNO2 0.005 0.00Fra!,a *a%!" (e &*e(tate 5; 42A!ttatea ra*a%a a
)o%)atazae 0@006
+reze,a MO ( :e&'Sa'*oe''a
25GOST --57 %a& GOST 0517
+reze,a !o')or*'or 5@0GOST --57 %a& GOST 10444.15
+reze,a C'o%tr( %&')tre(&!toare
0@01GOST --57 %a& GOST 2-175
+reze,a Sta$/'o!o!&% a&re&% 1@0GOST --57 %a& GOST 10444.2
Ma%a &t", (e $ro(&% )@ : De 'a 0@ $a 'a 1@0 De 'a 0@ $a 'a 1@2
2.2. Cr%"#ris"i% +"#ri#i pri+# +etr& o,erea %ort*et&'& (at %e )o'o%e#te !area (e o" (e)'aat"@ # (e a%e*eea !area(e $or!" e:ra%". Car!a%e'e (e o" %e 3*$art 3 %e*!ar!a%e (ea '&:&' !o'oae ertera'e@)"r" a %e '"%a ertere 3tre: 3 %e*!ar!a%". Carea e%te $roa%$at" )"r" :&%t %tr". S&$ra)a,a%e*!ar!a%e'or a& !&'oare 'a roz$a' $3" 'a ,& 3!/%@ :r"%*ea a'" :a'&e. +e %e*!ar!a%e &%e $er*t re%t&r (e or:ae tere@ $e'e@ !/a:&r (e %3:e. =e%&t&' *&%!&'ar !o,e & *a *&'t(e 20 (e ,e%&t :ra%.
T#(u( 2.2.1. Cara!ter%t!'e (e !a'tate a !"r $roa%$ete 3 $ara'e' !& !area a'terat"Cr%"#ris"i%i Crn# pr$sp&"& Crn# ("#r"&
A%$e!t eteror
La %&$ra)ata $e'!&'a &%!at"@
:ra%*ea !& !o'ora,a@ !o%%tet" #:&%t&' or*a'@ !ara!ter%t!e %$e!e@te(oae'e %&t '&!oa%e@ e'a%t!e %tar@ '!/(&' %oa' e%te '*$e(e.
S&$ra)a,a $oate ) &%!at" %a& &*e(" #
'$!oa%"@ (e%eor a!o$ert" !& $ete (e*&!e:a. Gr"%*ea !& a%$e!t *at %!o'orate !ee *&r(ar". Co%%te,a*!#orat"@ *ro% # :&%t (e r3!e(te(oae'e %&t *o@ !e@ &*e(e #a!o$erte (e *&!&% %&$ra)e,e'e art!&'are!& *&!&% a&(et '!/(&' %oa' e%tet&'&re.
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C&'oarea La %&$ra)a," !area are !&'oare roz"$3" 'a ro#e@ 3 %e!,&e e%te'&!oa%"@ or &*e("@ & '$!oa%a@!&'oare !ara!ter%t!" %$e!e #re:& *&%!&'are@ %&!&' *&%!&'ar%e o,e !& :re&tate # e%te '*$e(e.
La %&$ra)a," !&'oarea e%te !ee %a&erz&e@ 3 %e!,&e e%te &*e(" # )oarte'$!oa%" &eor e%te (e!o'orat"@ a'teor!ee %a& erz&e.
Co%%te," Carea e%te )er*" # e'a%t!"@ 3
%e!,&e !o*$a!t" & %e )or*eaz"a(3!t&r 'a a$"%area !& (e:et&'.
At3t 'a %&$ra)at"@ !3t # 3 %e!,&e
a(3!t&r'e %e )or*eaz" 'a a$"%area !&(e:et&' # %&t $er%%tete.
Mro%&' +'"!&t # !ara!ter%t! %$e!e. Mro% (e $&tre:a at3t 'a %&$ra)a,"@ !3t #3 %trat&r'e $ro)&(e.
M"(&a oa%e'or U*$'e 3 3tre:*e !aa'&' *e(&'ar@e'a%t!"@ (e !&'oare # !o%%te,"or*a'"@ %e!,&ea e%te '&!oa%".
N& &*$'e tot !aa'&' *e(&'ar@ !o%%te,"*&'t *!#orat" !&'oare !ee *&r(ar"@
$ero%t&' 3!/% 'a !&'oare@ a(e%eore:r!o%.
B&'o&' (&$")erere #%e(*etare
Tra%$aret@ '*$e(e # $'"!&t@aro*at@ 'a %&$ra)a," %e %e$ar" & %trat!o*$a!t %a& %&'e *ar (e :r"%*e@!& *ro% # :&%t $'a!&t.
T&'&re@ *&r(ar@ !& )'o!oae *ro% (er3!e( # (e *&!e:a 'a %&$ra)a," a$roa$e& %e o%er" $!"t&r (e :ra%*e.
T#(u( 2.2.2. Co*$oz,a !/*!" # a'oarea eer:et!" a *atere $r*e
C"#/$rip
pr$"#in#
/r&si+i
C#nu'&
Sus"n,# +in#r(#@ +/ i"+in#@ +/ (.#n#r/%(.
Na W Ca M: + Fe B1 B2 ++
+or!"!2
51.5 14. . 0.- 57 275 7 24 164 1.; 0.52 0.14 2.6 5;
Bo"!2
6-.2 20.0 7.- 1.0 ; 55 10 25 200 2.- 0.0; 0.17 5.0 167
2.3. Cr%"#ris"i% +"#ri#i ui(ir#
T#(u( 2.3.1. Cara!ter%t!a lC'or&r (e atr&H . I(! or:ao'e$t! # )z!o!/*!e 20
D#nu+ir#in)#%#(ui
Cr%"#ris"i% %(i",ii
Etra # %&$eroar" Ca'tatea I
3;
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
A%$e!t eteror +ro(&% !r%ta' )"r" $reze,a *$&rta,'or *e!a!e !e & %&t 'e:ate (e$roee,a %"r.
G&%t S"rat@ )"r" :&%t %tr".
C&'oare A'" A'"@ !& &a," :r@ :"'&e@ roz"@ 3(e$e(e," (e $roee,a %"r.
T#(u( 2.3.2. I(! )z!o!/*! a !'or&r (e atr&
D#nu+ir# in)#%#(uiN$r+ sus"n"#($r us%"#
Etra S&$er 1 2+artea *a%!" NaC' & *a *&'t. --.; -7.4 -;.; -;.0+artea *a%!" o'or (e Ca 12@ 0.02 0.5 0.5 0.65+artea *a%!" o'or (e M 12@ 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.25+artea *a%!" o'or (e 504 2@ 0.16 0.7 1.2 1.5
+artea *a%!" o'or (e W1@ 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.2+artea *a%!" o'or (e M:12@ 0.0 0.0- 0.12 0.15
+artea *a%!" Fe2O 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.01+artea *a%!" Na2 SO4 & *a *&'t. 0.2 0.0 & %e or*eaz"+artea *a%!" a %&%ta,e'or %o'&'e3 a$"@ 0.16 0.45 0.75+artea *a%!" a &*e(tat 0.25 0.25 0.25+8UL %o'&te 6.57@0 & %e or*eaz"
T#(u( 2.3.3. Cara!ter%t!a za/"r&'& \ $ra)@ GOST 21-4In)i%"$rii Cr%"#ris"i%
A%$e!t eteror +ro(&% a'*etar 3 )or*" (e !r%ta'e a$arte
G&%t # *ro% D&'!e@ )ara :&%t # *ro% %tr" at3t 3 !r%ta'e !3t # 3 %o'&,e a$oa%".
C&'oare A' # '&!o%.Fra'tate N%$o% )"r" a:'o*er"r
So'&'tate 3 a$a So'&,a (e za/"r tre&a %a )e tra%$aret"@ )"r" %e(*et
T#(u( 2.3.4. Cara!ter%t!a trt&'&. I(! )z!o!/*!@ !o,&t&' trt&'& 3 2C$n,inu"u( Cur" )in pun%"
)# :#)#r# %-i+i%Cur" p#n"ru n(i!# Cur"
NaNO23 $ro(&% &%!at -- -7
S&%tate %o'&'e 3a$"
0.0002 0.005 0.02
31
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Coala
Mod Coala N. Document Semnat Data
UTM 541.2 026 MECoala
C'or&r 0.005 0.01 0.02
S&')a, 0.005 0.01 0.02
Meta'e :re'e + 0.0002 0.0005 0.001
Fe 0.0002 0.0004 0.001
W 0.0002 0.0005 0.001
T#(u( 2.3.5. Cara!ter%t!a $$er&'& e:r&@ GOST 2-050-1D#nu+ir# in)#%#(ui Cr%"#ris"i%@ n$r+# #"$) )# n(i!&
Itre: Mar&tt
A%$e!t eteror Fr&!t rot&( !& (m7 ** S& )or*" (e $ra) GOST277;5
C&'oare Nea:r" !& &a," r&" S&r 3!/% !& ()erte&a,e GOST277;5
Aro*" # :&%t S$e!)!" $$er&'& e:r&@ :&%t $ro&,at@ )"r"*ro% %tr". GOST277;5
+artea *a%!" a &*(t",@ 12.0 12.0 GOST277;5
+artea *a%!" a &'e&r'oreter!e@ 0.7 0.7 GOST277;5
+artea *a%!" a !ee@ 6.0 6.0 GOST277;5
+artea *a%!" a *$&rta,'or(e at&r" e:eta'" 2.5 GOST277;5
T#(u( 2.3.6.Cara!ter%t!a *e*rae'or at&ra'e
T#(u( 2.3.7. Cara!ter%t!a !'$%e'or ( a'&*&@ GOST 147;7 Tipu( +"#ri(u(ui Di+#"ru( %(ips#i
AD1a'&*&$&r 1.410
Da*etr&' !'$%e@ ** Deerea (&$a (*e%&e@ ** Ma%a teoret!" a 100 * (e %3r*"@ :
1.42.0
0.00.04
4.2717.621
In)i%"$rii Di+#"ru
C&'oarea De 'a roz(e%!/% $a 'a %&r(e%!/%
MIro% Cara!ter%