LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN HIBAH BERSAING TAHUN I

STUDI GENETIK JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) BERDASARKAN MARKA SSR UNTUK MENDUKUNG PERCEPATAN PENYEDIAAN

BAHAN TANAM UNGGUL BARU

Oleh : Darmawan Saptadi, S.P.,M.P.

Niken Kendarini, S.P.,M.P. Ir. Rr. Sri Hartati, M.P.

Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional, melalui DIPA Universitas Brawijaya berdasarkan SK Rektor Nomor:

039/SK/2010, tanggal 17 Februari 2010.

Universitas Brawijaya Nopember

2010

PERTANIAN

RINGKASAN

Pengembangan jarak pagar untuk mendukung penyediaan bahan bakar

nabati semakin mendesak. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan jarak

pagar adalah belum tersedianya bahan tanam yang unggul dan menguntungkan

secara ekonomis. Jarak pagar adalah tanaman tahunan yang berpenyerbukan

terbuka. Metode yang lebih efisien dan efektif dalam perakitan varietas unggul

adalah melalui pembuatan populasi hibrida yang heterogen tetapi mempunyai rerata

hasil yang tinggi. Syarat untuk perakitan varietas hibrida adalah adanya informasi

genetik tetua yang representatif.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi genetik populasi tetua jarak

pagar yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk merancang sebuah skema persilangan untuk

mendapatkan sebuah populasi hibrida unggul. Informasi genetik dievaluasi dengan

memanfaatkan marka molekuler SSR yang relatif sensitif dan bebas dari bias

lingkungan. Pengembangan primer SSR telah dilakukan dan didapatkan 28 pasang

primer yang yang digunakan untuk evaluasi keragaman genetik 60 nomor koleksi

jarak pagar. Tidak ada satupun primer yang menunjukkan polimorfisme. 10 primer

tambahan telah digunakan untuk mengevaluasi populasi yang sama dan tidak

diperoleh pita yang polimorf. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi diketahui bahwa tidak ada

keragaman genetik pada populasi jarak pagar yang diteliti. sehingga kegiatan

penelitian yang direncanakan pada tahun ke 2 tidak dapat dilakukan. Kegiatan lain

yang telah dilakukan adalah persilangan beberapa kandidat tetua yang mempunyai

potensi hasil tinggi. Hasil persilangan (F1) telah ditanam di lapangan dan saat ini

dalampemeliharaan.

SUMMARY

Developing physic nut was needed to support biofuel availability. Lack of

superior variety was being one of the obstacle of physic nut development. Physic nut

was annual and open pollinated plant. Developing the heterogenic hybrid variety

was the effective and efficient method to make superior variety. The representative

genetic information of parent candidate was the prerequisite of hybrid variety

development.

This research was conducted to identify genetic background of candidate

parent of physic nut. Genetic identity needed to arrange crossing scheme in order to

get the superior hybrid population. Genetic background was identified by SSR

marker which has high sensitivity and free from environment bias. Primer

development has been done and 28 pair of SSR primer designed successfully.

Designed SRR primer was used for evaluate 60 accessions of physics nut. There is

no polymorphism found among these primers. The addition of 10 primer indicate the

same result. Based on this result, it could be concluded that there was no diversity

within physic nut population used in this research. The next step activity planned for

second year therefore could not be done. Other activity of this research was

crossing several parent candidate which has high yield potential. Offspring of these

crossing have been planted in field.

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