strukture te dhenash seminar 1 -...
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Strukture te Dhenash
Seminar 1 ELISA RECI
Universiteti Luigj Gurakuqi
Fakulteti i Shkencave te Natyres
Departamenti i Matematikes dhe Informatikes
SHKODER
1 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Struktura e C++
// Ky eshte nje koment
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"Pershendetje! Ky eshte seminari i pare ne STDH " << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
MSc.Elisa Reci 2 Semestri II/ 2013
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Struktura e C++ • // ---tregojne komente
• #include--- i tregon precompiler te perfshije nje file
• <cstdlib> --- skedari koke Standart General Utilities Library: perfshin qellimet kryesore si administrimi i memories,gjenerimi i nr random, integer arithmetics, sorting, konvertimet etj.
• <iostream> ---skedari koke per standart input-output streams
• using namespace --- ndarja e struktures se programit ne “njesi logjike”.
• std ---Kjo i jep akses te gjitha namespace-ve std qe perfshijne objektet I/O te C++ ( si prsh cout, cin etj)
• Main () --- pika nga ku nis ekzekutimi
• { } --- instuksionet e funksionit
• Cout << --- afishime (output)
• Cin >> ---lexime (input)
• Endl --- mbarimi i nje rreshti e kalimi tek rreshti tjeter (end-of-line)
• System("PAUSE") --- dritarja e outputet qendron e hapur deri ne komanden tone
• Return 0 --- mbarimi i ekzekutimit te funksionit main ()
MSc.Elisa Reci 3 Semestri II/ 2013
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Perdorimi i namespace
//Ky eshte nje koment
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
namespace first
{
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
}
namespace second
{
double x = 3.1416;
double y = 2.7183;
}
int main () {
using namespace first;
cout << x << endl;
cout << y << endl;
cout << second::x << endl;
cout << second::y << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
MSc.Elisa Reci 4 Semestri II/ 2013
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Tipet e te dhenave
MSc.Elisa Reci 5 Semestri II/ 2013
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Deklarimi i variablave • Struktura
• tipi_dhenes emer_variabli ;
• Ose kur kemi disa variabla te te njejtit tip ath i ndajme me “,” prsh : • tipi_dhenes emer_variabli1, emer_variabli2,… ;
• Tipet integer : char, short, long dhe int mund ti vendoset shenja ose jo.
• Ato me shenje perfaqesojne vlerat negative dhe pozitive kurse ato pa shenje nenkuptojne vetem nr pozitive (dhe zero)
• Psh
– Unsigned short int nr ;
– Signed int llogari ;
• By default : konsiderohet nga kompilatori si signed pra
Signed int llogari ~ int llogari ;
• Perjashtim ben vetem CHAR ku duhet te deklarohet signed ose unsigned ne momentin qe doni te perdorni nr .
MSc.Elisa Reci 6 Semestri II/ 2013
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Shembull
// operating with variables
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
// declaring variables:
int a, b; int result;
// process:
a = 5;
b = 2;
a = a + 1;
result = a - b;
// print out the result:
cout << result;
// terminate the program:
R eturn 0; } MSc.Elisa Reci 7 Semestri II/ 2013
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Qellimi i variablave
MSc.Elisa Reci 8 Semestri II/ 2013
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Inizializimi
• Int a = 5; ~ int a (5) ;
• String s = “Pershendetje” ; ~ String s (“Pershendetje”);
• Konstantet deklarohen:
• Const tipi_dhene emri_konst = vlera ;
MSc.Elisa Reci 9 Semestri II/ 2013
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Operatoret
MSc.Elisa Reci 10
condition ? result1 : result2
Semestri II/ 2013
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Perparesia e operatoreve
MSc.Elisa Reci 11 Semestri II/ 2013
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Perparesia e operatoreve
MSc.Elisa Reci 12 Semestri II/ 2013
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Instruksionet kushtezuese
• if (condition) statement1 else statement2
• switch (expression)
{
case constant1:
group of statements 1;
break;
case constant2:
group of statements 2;
break;
default:
default group of statements
}
MSc.Elisa Reci 13 Semestri II/ 2013
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Instruksionet ciklike • while (expression)
statement
• do statement while (condition)
• for (initialization; condition; increase) statement
MSc.Elisa Reci 14 Semestri II/ 2013
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Instruksionet JUMP
• Break—del nga loop edhe nqs kushti eshte i vertete
• Continue – ndalon ekzekutimin e nje hapi, kalon tek tjetri
• GoTO – ben nje kercim ne nje pike tjeter te programit
MSc.Elisa Reci 15 Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 1
• Te shkruhet nje program ne gjuhen C++ ku afishohet nje shprehje e tille :
• Pershendetje !
Une jam (Emrin e Mbiemrin tuaj ) Student i vitit te pare Informatik.
16 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 2
• Ndertoni nje program qe ka 2 variabla njeri mban emrin kurse tjetri mbiemrin pastaj i afishon ato
17 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 3
• Ndertoni nje program qe merr 5 nr si input e per to llogarit
• a) prodhimin e tyre
• b) Shumen e nr te pare ne katror me nr e 3ne fuqi te 4
• c) Pjestimin e nr te dyte ne fuqi te 4 me nr e dyte ne fuqi te 2
18 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 4
• Ndertoni nje program ne c++ qe nerr 3 numra dhe me afisho numrin me te madh ndermjet tyre
19 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 5
• Ndertoni nje program ku ne baze te moshes qe jep perdoruesi percakton nese keni te drejte te votoni apo jo. Nese nuk keni plotesuar moshen ath te afishoj edhe sa vite duhet te presi per te votuar.
20 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 6
• Ndertoni nje program ne C++ qe fillimisht percakton nr e shkronjave qe doni te jepni e pasi te keni dhene shkronjat ath afishon sa prej tyre jane zanore e sa bashketingellore.
21 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 7
• Te ndertohet programi qe llogarit siperfaqen dhe perimetrin e rrethit
22 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 8
• Te ndertohet nje program qe merr piket per skuadren e Dinamos dhe te vllaznise e percakton kush ka fituar ose nqs jane ndare ne barazim.
23 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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Ushtrimi 9
• Ndertoni nje program qe printon figuren e meposhtme :
24 MSc.Elisa Reci Semestri II/ 2013
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MSc.Elisa Reci 25 Semestri II/ 2013