structural features of four different types of buildings

7/30/2019 Structural Features Of four different types of buildings

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1- HIGH-RISE BUILDING (THE SHARD TOWER)

2- TRUSSED BEAM (DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM)

3- STEEL FRAME WORK (SEAGRAM BUILDING)

4- HYBRID STRUCTURE (BRITT SCHOOL)

ARCH 236 – Structural Features of four different types of

buildings



THE SHARD TOWER



VERTICAL CITY

• 95-Storey Skyscraper in

London

•Designed Renzo Piano,an

Italian architect

• 310m in height and fully glass

covered

• 200-bed 5-star hotel, three

floors of restaurants, 10

residences, and a public viewing

platform.



SHARD CONCEPT

The Shard is an unusual

mixture of concrete and

steel.

a concrete basement,

structural steel from ground

to level 40, concrete from

levels 41 to 69, and steel

again from there to the topat level 95.



CONCRETE CORE

The heart of the structure isthe reinforced concrete core.It is a rugged and robuststructure and is the mainstabilizing factor of the

Shard. The lower floors of the

structure with spans of up to15 m from perimeter tocore. Structural steel

columns and beams werethe optimal solution for thesefloors, with plenty of spacebetween the deep beams for the extensive services

required.



CONCRETE CORE

In the middle part of thebuilding, maximum spanis down to 9 m.

Concrete columns and

post-tensioned concreteflat slabs are the bestsolution on these floors.

the space between thecolumns is 6m at base at

office level, 3m at hoteland apartment floors and1.5m at the top radiator levels



at office and hotel

levels the

floors(SLABS) are

130mm concrete and

500mm steel beams,forming a 630mm

structure

other levels have

post-tensionedconcrete floors (PTC)

of 200-250mm

thickness



THE SITE AND FOUNDATION

SECANT PILEWALLSecant pile walls are formed by constructing interlocked concrete piles

reinforced with either steel rebar or steel beams. Used extensively in dense

population areas due to the minimal disturbance they cause to adjacent

structures, secant walls are a form of top down construction used for environmental remediation and soil retention.



THE SITE AND FOUNDATION

The perimeter of the building is secured by a wall of concrete secant (touching) piles, 900mm and 1,500mm indiameter

1,800mm diameter piles were excavated to 60m and then

reinforcement cages were inserted and filled with concrete.

While the concrete was still wet, hydraulic frames wereemployed to position 25m plunge columns into the piles.These plunge piles support the ground floor and Basement2 levels slabs, internal columns of the steel frame and the

main core.



The new Dallas CowboysStadium, designed by theHKS Sports &Entertainment located inTexas.

Designed to be open or closed, depending onweather conditions, theexpansive retractable roof isthe largest of its kind in the

world and measuresapproximately 60,000 Sqmeter

Each panel can open or close in 12 minutes



As the longest

single span roof

structure in the

world, each boxed

arch is 10 meter deep by 5 meter

wide.

The structures

span 373 meter inlength



The stadium features

the largest retractable

end zone doors in the

world. Each has a five-

leaf, clear, retractableopening measuring 36

meter high by 55

meter wide. The five

11 meter panels takeonly 18 minutes to

open or close



The elongated

arch form

stretches 68

meter and isdetailed with

steel plating



Located in the heart of NewYork City, the Seagram Buildingdesigned by Mies van der Rohe epitomizes elegance andthe principles of modernism.

38-story building

The building became a

monumental continuity of bronze and dark glass climbingup 150 meter to the top of thetower



The Structure is based on a 8.5 meter

module which is expressed as colonnade

at the base to signal the entrance.

most of the structure is concealed behind

the curtain wall

the steel moment frame structure is

embedded in concrete for fire protection

and added stiffness



the core walls havediagonal bracing upto the 29th floor for

additional windbracing

concrete shear wallup to the 17th floor provide additionalstiffness



BRONZE COVER OF STEELCOLUMN EMBEDDED IN CONCRETEGLARE

REDUCING PINK

GLASS

AIRCONDITIONING

DUCT



THE BRIT SCHOOL



THE BRIT SCHOOL

Located in London

Architects : Daniel ConnalPartnership

state-funded schooldedicated to the performingarts, media, art and designand the technologies

a central three-storey coresurrounded by a two-storeypodium. Two contrastingstructural systems, the load-bearing core and anexoskeleton framework,support the architecturalform



THE BRIT SCHOOL

From its corners, four

primary roof trusses

cantilever toward external

piers located beyond the

building envelope, andsecondary trusses bear on

its side walls to leave the

first floor completely free of

interior columns.



THE BRIT SCHOOL

The two free-standing

concrete masonry piers at

the front and back of the

building claim space likely to

be incorporated into thebuilding at a future date

Spaced 20 m apart, too wide

to signify entry explicitly,

their placementapproximates the width of

the double-height entry

atrium behind them.



TRUSSED BEAM

Eight smaller but similarly

tapered piers, some

placed well away from the

existing building envelope

where it steps back in plantowards the core, They

support steel frames,

some of whose trussed

rafters connect directly tothe core, and others to the

primary cantilever trusses



PLAN



DETAIL

Exposed structure playsnumerous architectural roleson the exterior. combination of masonry construction and pier tapering that expressesstructural resistance to theoutward thrusts from the portalcolumns suggests abuttressing action.

Steel trusses above roof levelconceptually as well as

structurally tie these externalstructural elements back to thecore, which itself anchors thebuilding visually and physicallyagainst lateral loads.

structural features of four different types of buildings

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