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Structural Design I
15.10.2015
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Course overview
Structural design I Structural design II
Structural design I+II
1. Introduction
2. Equilibrium and graphic static
3.+4. Cables
5. Cable-net and membrane struc-tures
7. Arches
8.+9. Vaults, domes and shells
11. Spatial arch-cable-structures
10. Arch-cable-structures
6. Materials and dimensioning
12. +13. Trusses 15.+16. Beams and frames
17. Spatial beams14. Spatial trusses
19. Columns
18. Bending
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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4Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
Tensile tree tent
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A B
C
B
A
C prestressed state
5Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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Q
P >> Q
Q
A
B
C
A
B
C
BA
C prestressed state
6Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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A
Q C
Q
A
B
C
C
A
B
C
BA
Q
P > Q
B
prestressed state
7Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B
A
Q
B
A
Q C
Q
Q
A
P = Q
B
C
C
A
B
BA
prestressed state
8Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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A
B
A
Q
B
B
B
A
Q
B
A
A
Q C
Q
A
B
C
Q
C
P < Q
prestressed state
9Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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D
CB
A
A B
CD
10Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B
P
BA
CD
P
P
P
C
DA
+
11Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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m
m
D C
A B
B
A D
C
+
P
P
P P
12Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B C
m n
DA
n
+
m
C
DA
B
m
n
B
A
C
D
P
P P
P
13Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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C
DA
B
m n
A D
nm
CB
n
m
C
D
B
A
14Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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m
n
A
B
D
C
Q m n
nm
A
BC
D
Q
C
DA
B
P > Q
prestressed state
15Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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m
n
A
B
Q
m
m n
nm
Q
A
B
A
BC
D
Q
C
DA
B
P = Q
prestressed state
16Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B
A D
C
Q
D
CB
A
B
A
Q
A
B
Q
m n
nm
m
m
Q
B
A
n
m
P < Q
prestressed state
17Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B
CB
A D
A
D
C
E
D
E
FA
BC
m
m
nm
B
A
D
C
m
n n1
2n
F
n1-2
18Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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mm 1-3 n
n
11
mm
n2
nn2
n
3n3
4n
n 1-4
19Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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P
P
P
B
m
n
A
BA
D C
C
Dn
mA
PPPP
P P PP
PP P P P P P
P
PPPP
PPPP
PPPP
PPPP
B
D
C
P
20Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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mm nn
21Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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Q
m m
QQ
Q
nn
22Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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mn
Q
Q
Q
m nQ
23Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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24Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
Anatole Kopp, R. Sager: Stade de Saint-Ouen, Nanterre, 1971
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25Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
Anatole Kopp, R. Sager: Stade de Saint-Ouen, Nanterre, 1971
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26Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
Anatole Kopp, R. Sager: Stade de Saint-Ouen, Nanterre, 1971
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27Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
Anatole Kopp, R. Sager: Stade de Saint-Ouen, Nanterre, 1971
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l
b
P = p b
P
.
1P
.
2
3
P = p l
1
m
P3
4
4P
.
.
3 PP
P = p l2
2
n
P 4P
P = p b
1
p
p
p
p
28Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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29Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B
B
A
D
C AE
D
C
F
30Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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C
E F
D
BA
P
P P
A
n
m
P
mn
+D
C
E
FB
31Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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D
E
D
E
BF
CA mn
C
A
BF
32Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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B
D
A
C
F
C
n
F
m
B
A
C
C
D
BF
E
AE
D
BF
D
EA
E
33Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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34Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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35Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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36Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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37Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structures
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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39Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
Frei Otto, Pritzker Prize Winner 2015
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40Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
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41Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
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42Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
Frei Otto: Study „Membraneforms“, Germany, 1986
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43Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
Frei Otto: Study „Membraneforms“, Germany, 1986
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44Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
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45Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
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46Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
Frei Otto: Soap film machine
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47Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
Frei Otto: Model, soap film
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48Frei Otto’s physical form-finding experiments
Frei Otto: Humped tent, Aberdeen and Hyde Park, 1975
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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50Types of tensioned roof systems
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51Types of tensioned roof systems
Foster + Partners, Arup: Bishop Square, London, 2005
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52Types of tensioned roof systems
Foster + Partners, Arup: Bishop Square, London, 2005
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53Types of tensioned roof systems
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54Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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55Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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56Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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57Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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58Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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59Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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60Types of tensioned roof systems
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympic stadium, Munich, 1972
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61Types of tensioned roof systems
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62Types of tensioned roof systems
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Ice rink, Munich, 1983
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63Types of tensioned roof systems
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Ice rink, Munich, 1983
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64Types of tensioned roof systems
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Ice rink, Munich, 1983
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65Types of tensioned roof systems
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Ice rink, Munich, 1983
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66Types of tensioned roof systems
Philippe Samyn: Research laboratory of M&G Group, Venafro, 1991
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67Types of tensioned roof systems
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68Types of tensioned roof systems
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69Types of tensioned roof systems
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70Types of tensioned roof systems
Circus tent, Taupo
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71Types of tensioned roof systems
Frei Otto: Model for Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966
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72Types of tensioned roof systems
Frei Otto: Model for Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966
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73Types of tensioned roof systems
Frei Otto: Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966
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74Types of tensioned roof systems
Frei Otto: Montreal Pavilion, Montreal, 1967
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75Types of tensioned roof systems
Frei Otto: Institute for Lightweight Structures, Stuttgart, 1966
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76Types of tensioned roof systems
SOM: Hajj-Terminal, Jeddah, 1981
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77Types of tensioned roof systems
SOM: Hajj-Terminal, Jeddah, 1981
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78Types of tensioned roof systems
SOM: Hajj-Terminal, Jeddah, 1981
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79Types of tensioned roof systems
SOM: Hajj-Terminal, Jeddah, 1981
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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81Construction detailing
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Waste management, Munich, 1999
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A
CD
B A B
D C
A
B C
D D
CB
A
82Construction detailing
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83Construction detailing
Connection of membranes
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84Construction detailing
Detail of membrane
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85Construction detailing
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86Construction detailing
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87Construction detailing
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88Construction detailing
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89Construction detailing
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Waste management, Munich, 1999
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90Construction detailing
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91Construction detailing
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92Construction detailing
Ackermann and Partner, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner: Waste management, Munich, 1999
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93Construction detailing
Curtis Fentress, Horst Berger: Denver International Airport, Denver, 1995
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94Construction detailing
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95Construction detailing
CAD model formfinder
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96Construction detailing
Curtis Fentress, Horst Berger: Denver International Airport, Denver, 1995
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97Construction detailing
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympia Park, Munich, 1972
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98Construction detailing
Günter Behnisch, Frei Otto: Olympia Park, Munich, 1972
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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100Retractable membrane structures
Frei Otto: Prototype Umbrella, Red Sea Coast, 1987
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101Retractable membrane structures
Frei Otto: Prototype Umbrella, Red Sea Coast, 1987
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102Retractable membrane structures
Bodo Rasch, Frei Otto: Project study, multimedia stadium for Farbwerke Hoechst, Germany, 1971
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103Retractable membrane structures
Frei Otto: Open-air theater, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 1969
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104Retractable membrane structures
Frei Otto: Open-air theater, Bad Hersfeld, Germany, 1969
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105Retractable membrane structures
Bodo Rasch: Quba Mosque, roof over courtyard, Madhina, 1987
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106Retractable membrane structures
Bodo Rasch, BuroHappold: Prophet‘s Holy Mosque, Medina, 1992
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107Retractable membrane structures
Bodo Rasch: foldable umbrella, 2003
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108Retractable membrane structures
University of Stuttgart, Bending active membrane roofing, marrakech itke, 2011
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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110Pneumatic membrane structures
Air hall
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b
l
P4
P3
P2
P1
q
nm
1P
P3
P2
P4
R
R P = p b.3
P = p l4.
P = p b.1
2.P = p l
R
p
p
p
p
111Pneumatic membrane structures
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112Pneumatic membrane structures
Earth station, Raisting, Germany, 1964
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Pin
A B
atmP
113Pneumatic membrane structures
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114Pneumatic membrane structures
Studio Philips Barrett: BC Place Stadium, Vancouver, 1983
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115Pneumatic membrane structures
Fuji-Pavilion at world exposition in Osaka, 1970, Arch. Y. Murata, Ing. M. Kawaguchi
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inP
Patm
116Pneumatic membrane structures
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117Pneumatic membrane structures
Herzog & de Meuron, ARUP: Allianz Arena, Munich, 2005
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118Pneumatic membrane structures
PTW, ARUP: Swimming Centre, Peking, 2008
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119Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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A
1A 1
in,2
A
B
B
P
in,1P
2
33
2
B
P
atmP
atm
120Pneumatic membrane structures
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121Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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122Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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123Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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124Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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125Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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126Pneumatic membrane structures
Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, Anthony Hunt: Eden Project, Cornwall, 2001
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Cable-net and membrane structures
Static behavior of cable-net and membrane structuresFrei Otto’s physical form-finding experimentsTypes of tensioned roof systemsConstruction detailing Retractable membrane structuresPneumatic membrane structuresMembrane materials
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128Membrane materials
Polyvinylchlorid / PVC
- less buckling sensitive- hardly inflammable- cheaper
Glas fibre / PTFE
- buckling sensitive- non flammable- more durable