Structural Collapse & Marking SystemsStructural Collapse & Marking SystemsReview Review

Instructors: Feldt & Goerger March 2012

Causes of CollapseCauses of Collapse

WINDSTORMWINDSTORM

FIREFIRE

EARTHQUAKEEARTHQUAKE

EXPLOSIONEXPLOSION

FLOODFLOOD

CONSTRUCTION BRACINGCONSTRUCTION BRACING

VEHICLE IMPACTVEHICLE IMPACT

OVERLOADING OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTSOVERLOADING OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

The first in officer will have to make The first in officer will have to make a big decision upon arrivala big decision upon arrival

Avoid itAvoid it- Barrier tape - Barrier tape around the hazardous around the hazardous upon arrival.upon arrival.

Remove itRemove it- Pulling down - Pulling down a cracked and leaning a cracked and leaning chimney.chimney.

Shore itShore it- Constructing - Constructing shoring and /or bracing.shoring and /or bracing.

Monitor itMonitor it- Setup - Setup monitoring with a warning monitoring with a warning system.system.

Size-up ConsiderationsSize-up Considerations

VictimsVictims

Six sided approachSix sided approach

Structural elementsStructural elements

Age, construction& Age, construction& condition of the condition of the structurestructure

Collapse warning Collapse warning signssigns

Size-Up ConsiderationsSize-Up Considerations

Emergency responders’ Typical PPEEmergency responders’ Typical PPE

NFPA 1951NFPA 1951 Standard on Standard on protective ensemble for protective ensemble for USAR operations ( NFPA USAR operations ( NFPA 2001)2001)

NFPA 1971NFPA 1971 Standard on Standard on protective ensemble for protective ensemble for structural firefighting structural firefighting ( NFPA 2000)( NFPA 2000)

Defining the Hazard EnvironmentDefining the Hazard Environment

The Hot ZoneThe Hot Zone- Is the area - Is the area closest to the collapse closest to the collapse The Warm ZoneThe Warm Zone- Is - Is established to provide an established to provide an area to control access to area to control access to the immediate disaster the immediate disaster site, (Tool ,Equipment site, (Tool ,Equipment storage along with storage along with possibly the cut station)possibly the cut station)The Cold ZoneThe Cold Zone - Is the - Is the outer boundary of the outer boundary of the incident (Rehab, incident (Rehab, Probable location of cut Probable location of cut team)team)

What we could do at a structural What we could do at a structural collapse scene with Technical collapse scene with Technical

Rescue AwarenessRescue AwarenessIdentify from a distance, what is the task at handIdentify from a distance, what is the task at handCall for a specialized rescue team if shoring is Call for a specialized rescue team if shoring is neededneededOrder materials such as lumber, steel, rope,or Order materials such as lumber, steel, rope,or chainchainSet up a safe zone around the unstable building Set up a safe zone around the unstable building ( Hot, Warm, Cold Zones)( Hot, Warm, Cold Zones)Divide members into team such as Red, White & Divide members into team such as Red, White & BlueBlueUse these teams for operations such as a safety Use these teams for operations such as a safety team, staging team, marking team & logisticsteam, staging team, marking team & logistics

Review of different types of building Review of different types of building constructionconstruction

Type 1 Fire resistiveType 1 Fire resistive

Type 2 NoncombustibleType 2 Noncombustible

Type 3 OrdinaryType 3 Ordinary

Type 4 Heavy timberType 4 Heavy timber

Type 5 Wood frameType 5 Wood frame

Review of the general collapse Review of the general collapse patternspatterns

V- CollapseV- Collapse

Lean-toLean-to

PancakePancake

Collapse PatternsCollapse Patterns

90 deg wall collapse90 deg wall collapse-- In which a wall falls and In which a wall falls and literally rotates outward from its foundation @ 90 literally rotates outward from its foundation @ 90 degrees on to the grounddegrees on to the ground

Curtain FallCurtain Fall-- You'll have at type of construction You'll have at type of construction where the masonry or stone or some type of where the masonry or stone or some type of veneer materials will peel offveneer materials will peel off

Inward/outwardInward/outward-- Where as the wall begins to Where as the wall begins to collapse, it breaks somewhere in the middle and collapse, it breaks somewhere in the middle and into one or more pieces and one piece kicks out into one or more pieces and one piece kicks out the other is pushed in.the other is pushed in.

Compression / Tension Compression / Tension

Review of the destructive forces Review of the destructive forces placed on a structureplaced on a structure

CompressionCompression

TensionTension

RotationRotation

ShearShear

BendingBending

Marking SystemMarking System

2’ x 2’ Orange Paint Box2’ x 2’ Orange Paint Box Structure Hazards Evaluation MarkingStructure Hazards Evaluation Marking

2’ x 2’ Orange Paint “X”2’ x 2’ Orange Paint “X” Search Assessment MarkingSearch Assessment Marking

2’ x 2’ Orange Paint “V”2’ x 2’ Orange Paint “V” Victim Location Marking Victim Location Marking

Use abbreviations and military timeUse abbreviations and military time

Marking SystemMarking System

Shearwall crack patternsShearwall crack patterns

CracksCracks

HazardsHazards

HazardsHazards

HazardsHazards

HazardsHazards

HazardsHazards