Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA)

Strip Rust Current Situation at the Different Agro-Ecological Zones in Yemen

Abdulla SailanRashad Basha

Mohamed Amran

Agricultural Research &Extension Authority

(AREA)

Agro – Ecological Regions of Yemen

Renewable Natural ResourcesResearch Center

(RNRRC)

Average Temperature in Yemen

Legendcc

Climate

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Air Temperature in Dhamar city during 2013

Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tmean (°C)

°C

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Dhamar: Air temperatureaverage 1999-2012

Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tmean (°C)

oC

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Highlands: Monthly rainfall & evapotranspirationaverage 1999 - 2012

Rainfall ETO 0.5 ETO

mm

/ m

onth

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The precipitation & evapotranspiration in The Highlands during 2013

precipitation (mm/mth) ET0 (mm/month) 0.5 ET0 (mm/month)

Jan

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0102030405060708090

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Highlands: Relative humidityaverage 1999-2012

Relative humidity

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RH (%) in the Highlands

RH (%)

Area in Hectare and Production in Ton of Wheat in Yemen, 2011

YieldT/ha

Production/ T

Area/Ha

Region

1.5 147,441 97,770 Highlands

2.5 102479 40218 Plateau

1.1 344 320 Coastal

1.7 250,264 138,308 Total

Why do we think that Yemen is important to rust diseases?

Source: Dr. A. Yahyaoui Presentation

Sudan

Yemen

Iran

1998/9

2001

2003

2006

2007

Confirmed sites ofUg99 occurrence

Sr31 virulent (Ug99)Yemen, 2009

2009Sr?

Source: Dr. A. Yahyaoui Presentation

Annual wheat growing periods in Yemen

Ja. Fe. Ma. Ap. Ma. Ju. Jl. Au. Se. Oc. No. De. Ja.

Central and Northern Highlands

Southern Uplands Central and Northern Highlands

Plateau and Coastal

Severity of rust on wheat at different locations in different seasons

Season

LocationSummer Winter

Leaf Rust

Stem Rust

Yellow Rust

Leaf Rust

Stem Rust

Yellow Rust

* *** ** * ** *** Highlands

* *** ** Plateau

* *** ** Coastal

International Wheat Rust Trap Nurseries

Estimated number of Rust Trap Nurseries received from ICARDA during 2008-2013

Number Name64 ISRTN40 Ug99ISRTN56 IYRTN160 Total

Most Important Results of the Trap Nurseries

In summer season of 2006 Yr1in shiness166 was susceptible with a score of 50S for the first time while in winter showed score of 0. Till the year of 2010 Yr1 was infected with strip rust and continue to be susceptible up to winter 2014 with a scoring varied between 5S to 50S in the Central Highlands region.

Yr32 in CarstensV gene showed yellow rust infection in the winter season 2014 in the Central Highlands. This is for the first time to be observed.

In 2007 yellow rust infection was observed on the following genes; Yr27 in summer season, yr31 in summer season, YrAPR in summer season, YrND in winter season, Yrsp splading prolific in winter season and Yr31 in winter season in the Central Highlands.

In 2007, in Southern Uplands, Yr1 In Avocet, Yr10 in Avocet and Yrsp in Avocet stil with Yr10 and Yrsp showed yellow rust infection. Also, in Southern Uplands, Yr17 was infected with Yellow rust in 2010.

Trap Nurseries Results in Central Highlands

Resistant:• Yr1 in Avoset, Yr2+, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and YrDW Susceptible:• Yr2, Yr6, Yr, Yr8, Yr9, YrND, Yr32, Yrsp, YrA, Yr1 in Chiness166,

Yr18, Yr18+, Yr(A,18), Yr21, Yr25, Yr27, Yr27+, Yr(27+18), Yr28, Yr29, Yr31, YrAPR

Trap Nurseries Results in Northern HighlandsResistant:• Yr1, Yr10, Yr4+, Yr7+, Yr6+,Yr15,YrCV, YrSP, Yr2+, Yr5, Yr31, Yr28,

Yr17, YrDW,3 and Yr3N• Susceptible:• Yr7,Yr6, YrAPR, Yr18, Yr2, Yr27, Yr8,YrA, YrSP, Yr3V, YrSP,

Yr(9,27,18), Yr(27,18) and Yr9

Trap Nurseries Southern Uplands

Resistant• Yr1, Yr2+, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrDW, YrND, Yr7+, Yr8, Yr32,

Yr3N, Yr3a,4a+other, Yr2more? Susceptible:• Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, YrCV, YrA, Yr18, Yr18+,

Yr(A,18), YrAPR, Yr21, Yr27, Yr(27,18), Yr28, Yr29, Yr31, Yr(31,APR)

Surveillance

Dissemination of commercial wheat varieties and average rust scoring carried out on 2010-2011

Disseminations % Reaction to Yellow Rust Wheat cultivars Regions

17.6 L (MS) Bohouth 13 Central Highlands17.6 L (MR) Bohouth 15- - Bohouth 1458.8 M (S) Saba5.9 No yellow rust Locals 6.7 L (MS) Bony Northern Highlands

Bohouth 1326.7 M (MS) Saba

Shibam 8 66.6 M (MR-MS) Locals100 L (MS) Bohouth 13 Southern Highlands33.4 L (MR) Kalyansona Seiyun 29.6 M (S) Local – Halba25.9 No yellow rust Ghonimy7.4 No yellow rust Hadramout-33.7 M (S) AL-Ghashmor (Local)

10 L (MS) SAMRA Marib 30 No yellow rust Bohoth3210 No yellow rust Bohoth3310 No yellow rust Bohoth3420 No yellow rust MASRY10 No yellow rust BONI10 No yellow rust MesaniNo Yellow rust at this site Tihama

Dissemination of commercial wheat varieties with average rust scoring carried out on 2011-2012

Disseminations %

Reaction to Yellow Rust

Wheat cultivars Regions

12.5 L (S) Bohouth 3 Central Highlands18.75 L (MS) Bohouth 13

6.25 L (MS) Bohouth 14- - Bohouth 1550 M (S) Saba6.25 H (S) Sonalika6.25 L (MR) Locals (Arabi)12.5 L (R) Bohouth 13 Northern

Highlands25 H (S) Bohouth 112.5 L (S) Bohouth 1525 M(S) Saba12.5 L (S) Shibam -812.5 L (R) Locals 100 M (MS) Bohouth 13 Southern

Highlands

Dissemination of commercial wheat varieties with average rust scoring carried out on 2012-2013

Disseminations % Reaction to Yellow Rust

Wheat cultivars Regions

9.52 M (MS) Bohouth 3 Central Highlands33.3 M (MR) Bohouth 134.76 L (S) Bohouth 144.76 L (MS) Bohouth 1533.3 M (S) Saba9.6 M (S) Sonalika4.76 M (MS) Locals (Allas)41.7 M (MS) Al mani Northern Highlands8.3 M (MS-MR) Gemiza25 M (MS) Saba8.3 L (MS) Baladi16.7 L (MS) Locals50 +50 H (S) + L (MS) Saba + Bohouth 13 Southern Highlands

22.5 R Kalyansona Seiyun 57.5 L (MS) Local – Halba7.5 R Ghonimy12.5 R Hadramout-3

Acknowledgments:Collaborative institutions with Yemen Wheat-Rust National Program

ICARDA: International Wheat Rust Trap Nurseries, All Types of trials seeds, Technical Support and Training

SIMMYT:Technical Support, Evaluation of breeding wheat lines and Training

FAO:Surveillance and race analysis instruments, and supporting establishing of Farmer Study Groups project for 2 years

BGRI:Supporting wheat national program through one or more of the above institutions