stress and health psychology liudexiang. overview source of stress coping with stress how stress...
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Stress and health psychology
liudexiang
Overview
• Source of stress
• Coping with stress
• How stress affects health
• Staying healthy
• Extreme stress
Stress
• Stress: A state of psychological tension or strain.
• Health psychology: A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological factors and physical health and illness.
Sources of stress
• Stressor: Any environmental demand that creats a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation.
Sources of stress
• Change
• Everyday hassles
• Self-imposed stress
• Stress and individual differences
Everyday hassles
• Pressure: A feeling that one must speed up, intensify, or change the direction of one’s behavior or live up to a higher standard of performance.
• Frustration: The feeling that occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal.
Everyday hassles
• Conflict: Simultaneous existence of incompatible demands, opportunities, needs, or goals.
Types of conflict
• Approach/approach conflict
• Avoidance/avoidance conflict
• Approach/avoidance conflict
Approach/approach conflict
• Approach/approach conflict : According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities.
Avoidance/avoidance conflict
• Avoidance/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possiblities, neither of which has any positive qualities.
Approach/avoidance conflict
• Approach/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of being simultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same goal.
Coping with stress
• Direct coping
• Defensive coping
Direct coping
• Confrontation: Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the difficult goal.
Direct coping
• Compromise: deciding on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical.
• Withdrawal: Avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical.
Defensive coping
• Defense mechanisms: Self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identification, regression, intellectualization, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation.
Defense mechanisms
• Denial: Refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality.
• Repression: Excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness.
• Projection: Attributing one’s repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others.
Defense mechanisms
• Identification: Taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent.
• Regression: Reverting to childlike behavior and defenses.
• Intellectualization: Thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching oneself from them.
Defense mechanisms
• Reaction formation: Expression of exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of one’s repressed beliefs or feelings.
• Displacement: Shifting repressed motives and emotions from an orginal object to a substitute object.
• Sublimation: Redirection repressed motives and feelings into more socially acceptable channels.
Staying healthy
• Reduce stress
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle
Reduce stress
• Calm down
• Reach out
• Religion and altruism
• Learn to cope effectively
Adopt a healthy lifestyle
• Diet
• Exercise
• Quit smoking
• Avoid high risk behaviors
Extreme stress
• Unemployment
• Divorce and separation
• Bereavement
• Catastrophes
• Combat and other threatening personal attacks
Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)
• Psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past event.
The end