strengthening the middle tennessee...to help address this gap, we launched new skills at work, our...

STRENGTHENING THE MIDDLE TENNESSEE REGION 2020:

Bui ld ing a Vi ta l Workfo rce to Susta in Economic Growth and Expand Oppor tun i ty

Table of Contents

Introduction The Region and its Workforce About the Data The Economy Business and Industry People Infrastructure The Challenges and Opportunities Age Labor Force Participation Transportation Housing Education and Skills Training Unemployed and Underemployed Migration Diversity Veterans Youth Senior Disability Entrepreneurship Technology Middle Skills Focus and Importance Profile Supply / Demand Balance Understanding Supply and Demand of Workforce Industries & Occupations Healthcare and Life Sciences Manufacturing Finance and Insurance Information Technology Construction Creative and Cultural Industries Logistics and Distribution Hospitality Headquarters, back offices and shared services Conclusion Appendices

JP Morgan Chase’s Committment to New Skills at Work

At JPMorgan Chase, we know that helping people gain the skills they need to compete in the labor market is a powerful strate-

gy for expanding access to opportunity and promoting economic growth. Around the world, there are signs of renewed econom-

ic expansion, yet millions of aspiring workers are unemployed and an unprecedented share of the workforce is underemployed.

At the same time, many employers are struggling to fill vacancies – especially for technical and skilled positions – jobs that

require more education and training than a high school diploma, but not a four-year college degree.

To help address this gap, we launched New Skills at Work, our five-year, $250 million global initiative to build employer-led

talent-development systems. Through New Skills at Work, we are helping to address the lack of data that business, education

and policy makers need to help close the skills gap. This report from the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce will provide

data-driven solutions to address the mismatch between employer needs and the skills of job seekers. JPMorgan Chase plans to

use this information to support both private sector efforts that focus on developing talent, and best-in-class training providers

working in partnership with employers to create career pathways.

ABOUT THE RESEARCH CENTER

Led by Dr. Garrett Harper, the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce’s Re-

search Center provides clients with hands-on research rooted in a data-driven

approach that has been nationally recognized. The Research Center’s work has

appeared in The Wall Street Journal, TIME, Billboard and The Atlantic, among

others. One-on-one interviews, focus groups and surveys of stakeholders and

industry leaders elicit a full understanding of the context behind the numbers

and trends. The Research Center goes beyond quantitative data at face value;

trends can often mask part of an industry’s story. Research Center data and

analysis engages many levels of planning and analysis to support industry

needs and goals for growth. Regardless of the scope of a project, the Research

Center at the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce is equipped to deliver the

data you need to feel confident in your results.

The data and analysis in this research are compiled using numerous leading

sources. Synthesized data draws from a range of public sources, including the

U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Bureau of Econom-

ic Analysis, as well as proprietary data from Economic Modeling Specialists

International, Regional Economic Models, Inc. and Burning Glass Technologies.

In a dynamically changing economic and employment environment, projections

of future trends are grounded in both historical patterns and best intuition and

analytics from recognized sources. Whenever possible, this research relies on

original data from official sources that is supplemented with information from

additional providers. Survey research and in-depth interviews with key infor-

mants across industries served as an important corollary and corroboration of

those trends evidenced through estimated and projected data.

Introduction The joint metro region of Nashville-Clarksville1 is undergoing dramatic economic change. Extraordinary levels of growth are coupled with dynamic changes in the landscape of jobs, skills and training. Great successes exist alongside remaining challenges to ensure residents and businesses together achieve the prosperity the region seeks. This study addresses the profound opportunities and challenges the region will face over the coming decade. Workforce considerations are at the forefront of any understanding of how the region overall will thrive. All aspects of regional life – economic, social, cultural and spatial – are shaped by decisions and policies that address workforce needs. The very strong economic growth of the joint metro region in recent years occurs alongside, and in relation to, high levels of population growth and business development. A spotlight on the area as the “It City,” as named by the New York Times in 2013, has both recognized and stimulated the important and often unique characteristics of the area. Economic vitality in the region has meant that employers and workers continue to experience rapid growth and change in conditions. From the depths of the Great Recession only six years ago, which left virtually no region untouched, the joint metro region has catapulted to record levels of growth. Particularly from 2012 onward, this area ranked among the nation’s fastest-growing economies by numerous measures. Simultaneous to an energetic economy are ongoing transformations in what the very nature of work is about. Industry realignment, technology developments, occupational skills evolution and changing patterns and preferences for housing, education and work style all cascade through society along with economic recovery. The challenge for stewards and stakeholders in a regional economy involves managing through this cascade of change. Equally, workers must navigate a complex and different set of opportunities than those of even a few years prior. Systems of workforce development and education increasingly must focus attentions on calibrating supply of individuals well prepared for success in a regional work environment that not only is much changed, but continues to change. The task of projecting future change is itself challenging, but necessary. Guiding the direction of supply and demand alignment of a workforce is critical to economic success of a region and its residents alike. Openness to adaptation and innovation is key to guiding the region’s needs, where the only certainty is change and the watchword in change is flexibility. This study builds a foundation for the region to fulfill its desires into the third decade of the 21st century. Grounding strategies in informed planning gives area stakeholders an advantage that corresponds to prior work. This research expands on topics in new ways that mirror the emerging workforce landscape. An aging workforce, a need to further middle skills, a challenge to deliver training in new ways, a recognition of transportation system weakness, and other factors stand as forefront issues in the regional workforce economy. This research draws on an array of most current and recognized sources for data and supplements that with qualitative information gathered from in-depth interviews and focus groups touching nearly 100 employers in the region. These employer assessments cover a range of topics surrounding workforce challenges and opportunities, and also represent a cross-section of firms by area, type and size in the key industries examined in the research.

1Comprised of 17 counties within the Nashville and Clarksville MSA. Includes Cannon, Cheatham, Christian, Davidson, Dickson, Hickman,

Macon, Maury, Montgomery, Robertson, Rutherford, Trousdale, Trigg, Smith, Sumner, Williamson, and Wilson counties.

The Research Center 1

The joint metro region has much to be proud of. Chief among these is human capital, as developed through a quality of place equipped with world-class institutions and public policy with a heritage of forethought. Even so, much remains in the near term to address the continuing, rapid reshaping of the economy and the work environment. Thus, this study focuses new attention on several items:

Understanding the "levers" that operate to maintain the balance of workforce supply and demand by quantity, type and location

Highlighting aspects of the region’s infrastructure and programming that are foundational for attention

and investment to ensure workforce needs are met moving forward Focusing deeply on the critical middle-skill components of major industries and the issues surrounding

those Examining issues relating to key population groups that offer unique potential for engagement in

workforce needs – veterans, youth, underemployed, language-hindered, the disabled and others Incorporating those aspects of the dynamic interactions of the joint metro region wherever it adds clarity Considering the unique aspects of the area that differentiate it from many others, such as industry

clusters, levels of entrepreneurship and business environment Assessing workforce issues from the local vantage point in light of programmatic activity and

organizations serving workforce development, education, economic development and public policy

The structure of this research is comprehensive and straightforward. The region and its workforce environment are considered as the introduction to the research. Description of data and methods is incorporated as an important attribute of the study, in light of the synthesis of many sources. Challenges and opportunities are presented in detail across a wide set of topics. In many cases, any given topic offers both an element of challenge and opportunity, and is treated accordingly. This report places major emphasis on middle skills in the joint metro region’s economy. Results find a large and important set of occupations fall within certain key industries in the area. These form a core of both challenge and potential solutions arising from this research platform.


Next, a key component of this study focuses on new clarity in the ways workforce supply and demand operates. Essential to that is an analysis of the "levers" that function in yielding supply and demand of workers in this region. Moving beyond speculation or generalization, this research offers a holistic approach to presenting the demographic, behavioral, spatial and other forces that shape the workforce options for the joint metro region. Lastly, and very importantly, this research provides a detailed treatment of major industry clusters and their associated occupations. These clusters represent both the largest sectors and those identified as targets for attention by the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce, economic development and workforce development organizations throughout the region and a host of industry associations and other stakeholder groups. These clusters include: health care, manufacturing, finance and insurance, information technology, construction, creative and cultural industries, logistics and distribution, hospitality, and headquarters, back offices and shared services. With each cluster, the study addresses trends and projections within the key industries and occupations. Interviews and focus group sessions with key informants provide a significant set of insights that are woven into the data analysis. Building from the analysis of overall workforce balance and "levers," the study considers those sources – secondary through postsecondary, degree and certificate, formal and informal – that result in graduates and work-ready candidates for job creation. The result of this foundation of research affords more than a new set of findings; it establishes a new way of comprehending the breadth and depth of the workforce of this area. This study serves as a vehicle for policy leaders to use these findings to gauge and to guide the region’s abilities in delivering the quantity and quality of worker supply to meet industry demand. As with any solid research, this study seeks to enliven discussion, prompt action and instill desire to continue to explore and expand the craft and science of developing a world-class workforce for the years ahead.


The Region and its Workforce About the Data The data for the region’s workforce draw from a wide array of sources. The combination of information on workforce supply and demand in the region provides a unique and innovative set of findings. Relying on the most respected data sources, in combination with research methods to supplement analysis and interpretation, yields a report that breaks new ground in terms of understanding where the Nashville-Clarksville joint metro region stands and where it is going in addressing workforce issues. The Research Center incorporates a combination of data, in recognition that many series of data may exist on any topic or variable. Multiplied over a field as broad as a workforce in a span of two metropolitan areas and 17 counties, projecting ahead a half-decade, this research draws widely from most reputed sources and methods to shape a design and to arrive at meaningful and impactful results. No one data source or series is likely to serve well in informing the many questions and interests that surround workforce development. Complex topics result in complex questions that merit intentional, and often complex, investigation. The logical order of research flows from general to specific, and this order has guided this study. From the design of the report itself to its underlying data and analysis, the regard for the workforce as a national topic and for the region’s economic, demographic and built landscapes are paramount to properly seeing this area’s workforce in its full perspective. Data sources are abundant and useful, and these are engaged fully to portray the backdrop and delve into the particulars of the workforce directions for this area. Data draws from numerous public sources, such as the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development, and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Complementing these are robust proprietary data sources and systems that provide basis for synthesizing data and directions. Chief among these are Economic Modeling Specialists, Inc. (EMSI), a respected firm that builds from Census and BLS data to produce demographic and employment estimates and projections; Regional Economic Modeling, Inc. (REMI) that incorporates aspects of four major modeling approaches: Input-output, General Equilibrium, Econometric, and Economic Geography.; and Burning Glass that provides real time job posting data. Together, these and other sources offer a rich research setting for population and workforce forecasts, and economic and demographic modeling that results in research that fulfills the complex needs of a dynamically growing and changing region such as this. The data derived from EMSI comprises past, current, and projected series for industry and industry and occupational employment. These employment data represent “complete” employment that includes workers covered by unemployment insurance (“covered” employment) as reported by the Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development and U.S. Department of Labor and Bureau of Labor Statistics, as well as those that are sole proprietors, farmers and government workers. This is noted since these workers are not necessarily covered by unemployment insurance. The joint metro region and its stewards and stakeholders in workforce development ultimately seek to make informed decisions to guide programs and investments over the coming years. Weighing the many sources available, public and proprietary, and combining and synthesizing their data serves as the method in which this research establishes most likely trajectories for both supply and demand of workforce. Some "levers" of generating supply are more easily operated, meaning that it is faster and less daunting to make course corrections or add or subtract supply of workers by type, location and skills through some options than through others. These levers are discussed at length in the Supply / Demand Balance section of the report. Data supporting the construction of these scenarios include, in addition to EMSI and Burning Glass, a number of valuable sources. A major corollary to the secondary data at the center of the analysis included a series of the sessions with regional Skills Panels and interviews with industry leaders, all as part of an in-depth investigation involving major industry and occupational clusters in the region. The Research Center staff conducted this series of focus group interviews with representatives from the targeted workforce clusters. In total, some 40 company representatives were interviewed.


Between February and June 2015, three Skills Panels sessions, encompassing health care, advanced manufacturing and information technology, brought together industry leaders representing a cross-section of firms and organizations by size, location, function, longevity, and other attributes. Interviews were conducted with key informants representing all of the industry clusters included in this study. These in-depth interviews particularly offered highly current and engaged insights into workforce challenges for industries and their critical workforce challenges. Topics in the panel sessions and interviews involved special emphasis on hiring trends; difficult-to-fill positions; separation and retirement trends; background on difficulties in worker hiring and retention; involvement with the relevant workforce development and education systems; and overall training needs of firms and organizations. Combined, the interview and survey data serve two critical purposes for this project. First, they help validate the quantitative research findings. Second, they offer important context in analyzing the quantitative analysis. As a result, these qualitative data elements allow the project team to better understand the priorities and challenges facing employers in each of the targeted clusters.


The Economy The joint metro region benefits from a uniquely diverse economy. The attributes of this diversity are widely considered factors which make the area highly competitive on a national level. The presence of an economy where health care management, automotive manufacturing, music and entertainment, tourism, higher education and others vie for ranking among leading industry clusters gives that region an edge that most others lack. Not overly dependent on any one or few sector(s), this area is able to thrive even when some industries are expanding and others are not. Further, many sectors of the joint metro region operate as tremendous stabilizing forces in the economy. National data show only two major industry sectors – education and health care – consistently added employment over the past 50 years even during economic contractions, or recessionary periods. Not surprisingly, the joint metro region experiences an abundance of those two stabilizing industries, and in fact is a regional and national leader in both. The joint metro region is home to more than 44,000 business establishments. These businesses are widely distributed across industries and firm size, as demonstrated in the area's reputation for economic diversity. As defined at the "supersector" level of industry, the largest sector is retail trade, followed by health care, entertainment and finance. Almost half of the enterprises fall within the smallest size class (1-4 employees), and almost 70 percent of companies in the region employ fewer than 10 employees. Still, there is solid representation of larger size classes of businesses, with about 250 companies that employ between 250 and 499 workers; 88 companies with 500 to 999 workers; and 42 with more than 1,000 workers each. The Nashville MSA, forming the larger share of the joint metro region’s establishments, exhibits a robust diversity of industries. This research later examines many of these sectors in detail for their industry and workforce patterns. Leading industry clusters are readily seen with the leading positions of health care, education, hospitality-related sectors, and the presence each of manufacturing, professional and managerial operations and of logistics and distribution. The reputation of the Nashville MSA as an entrepreneurial center has endured for decades and is evidenced through data showing a large representation of small business. Many of the leading sectors in the diverse area economy are sustained by business starts and growth.

0.1%

0.2%

0.6%

2.2%

3.5%

10.1%

14.0%

20.0%

49.3%

1000 or…

500-999

250-499

100-249

50-99

20-49

10-19

5-9

1-4

Nu

mb

er

of

Em

plo

yees

Establishments by Number of Employees,Joint Metro Region, 2013

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013

0.3%

2.4%

6.9%

7.8%

9.4%

10.2%

11.0%

11.9%

12.1%

12.5%

15.4%

Agriculture & mining

Information

Management & support services

Transportation & wholesale trade

Professional & technical services

Other

Construction & manufacturing

Finance & real estate

Entertainment & accommodation

Health care & education

Retail trade

Establishments by IndustryJoint Metro Region, 2013

Source: US Census Bureau, 2013


0.2%2.5%

7.2%8.0%

9.7%10.1%

11.0%11.9%12.1%12.3%

15.0%

Agriculture & miningInformation

Management & support servicesTransportation & wholesale tradeProfessional & technical services

OtherConstruction & manufacturing

Finance & real estateEntertainment & accommodation

Health care & educationRetail trade

Establishments by IndustryNashville MSA, 2013

Source: US Census Bureau,

0.1%

0.2%

0.6%

2.2%

3.6%

10.1%

13.9%

19.7%

49.5%

1000 or more

500-999

250-499

100-249

50-99

20-49

10-19

5-9

1-4

Nu

mb

er

of

Em

plo

yees

Establishments by Number of Employees,Nashville MSA, 2013



The Clarksville MSA, representing 9.5 percent of the total establishments of the joint metro region, shows some similarities and some differences in patterns of business diversity. One of the key elements of the adjacent metropolitan areas is their dynamic interaction. The relatively unusual complementarity of industries in the Nashville and Clarksville MSAs is mirrored in a select set of adjacent metropolitan areas around the country where demographic characteristics, industry mix and other patterns are comparable, such as Denver-Colorado Springs, Atlanta-Macon, Kansas City-Topeka, Austin-Killeen and others. The large role of the military sector in the Clarksville MSA (and joint metro region overall) shapes some of the remainder of the local economy. The retail sector is quite large in the Clarksville MSA, as a portion of total establishment count. Meanwhile, professional services and management of companies as "supersectors" represent somewhat smaller shares than found in the Nashville MSA. Overall, however, the relative similarity of industry mix stands as a chief feature of the joint metro region’s component parts.

0.2%

1.0%

5.2%

6.2%

7.0%

11.0%

11.7%

12.1%

12.1%

14.1%

19.4%

Agriculture & mining

Information

Management & support services

Transportation & wholesale trade

Professional & technical services

Construction & manufacturing

Other

Entertainment & accommodation

Finance & real estate

Health care & education

Retail trade

Establishments by IndustryClarksville MSA, 2013

Source: US Census Bureau, 2013

0.0%

0.1%

0.6%

1.7%

3.0%

10.1%

14.4%

22.7%

47.3%

1000 or more

500-999

250-499

100-249

50-99

20-49

10-19

5-9

1-4

Nu

mb

er

of

Em

plo

yees

Establishment by Number of Employees,Clarksville MSA



People The success of the joint metro region is fundamentally comprised of its people’s success. Measures of prosperity must entail an array of achievement, from personal to professional. Success is a compilation of factors that meet individual, family, household, community and regional needs. At the same time, a large measure of this success rests with employers – flourishing as business and industry, public and private – to generate the levels of their success that encourage and assist their prosperity and growth. The joint metro region population now exceeds 2 million individuals; this is projected to approach 2.2 million by 2020. The Nashville MSA's population may grow by 6.9 percent and the Clarksville MSA by more than 5.8 percent, both outpacing the national rate of 2.5 percent. Overall population growth from 2010 to 2020 is expected to add some 250,000 to the joint metro region.

Population growth is expected to slow considerably from 2015 to 2020, relative to the prior five-year period in the joint metro region, Tennessee and the U.S. Demographic composition of the nation ebbs and flows by dominance of particular age cohorts. The natural increase in population is a reflection of age composition that has experienced tremendous variation over the past 70 years, most notably with the Baby Boom and successive waves of "boomlets," augmented by net immigration and births derived from population additions. Data indicate that the population rate of increase in the joint metro region, which was much higher than that of either Tennessee or the U.S. in recent years, will decline slightly toward 2020, but will actually outpace the rate of the state or nation by a wider margin. The rate of population growth in this region is expected to be more than two and a half times the rate of national growth. Overall, patterns of rate change are projected to remain consistent across the counties of the joint metro region. Montgomery, Williamson, Rutherford and Wilson counties led in rate of growth in the current five-year period, and that same pattern is anticipated through 2020. Davidson County, the largest county in the region, is projected to gain at the sixth fastest rate among all counties again from 2015 to 2020 as it has in the current five-year span.

County Population Growth

2010-2015 Growth

Projected 2015 to 2020 % Growth

Cannon 0.8% 0.8%

Cheatham 1.5% 1.3%

Davidson 7.2% 4.0%

Dickson 4.1% 2.7%

Hickman -2.5% -0.3%

Macon 2.9% 1.9%

Maury 3.9% 2.7%

Montgomery 14.8% 7.3%

Robertson 4.0% 3.1%

Rutherford 11.3% 6.3%

Smith 0.3% 0.8%

Sumner 8.0% 4.6%

Trousdale -0.3% 0.7%

Williamson 12.4% 6.9%

Wilson 9.9% 5.4%

Christian 4.1% 1.8%

Trigg 2.4% 1.8%

7.5%6.9%

7.7%7.1%

6.1% 5.8%

4.3%

2.7%

4.1%

2.5%

0%

3%

6%

9%

2010-2015 2015-2020

Population Growth, 2010-2020

Joint Metro Region Nashville MSA Clarksville MSA Tennessee U.S.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau and REMI


The changing age composition of the U.S. population represents one of the most rapid and profound transitions this nation has faced in modern times. The sweep of change will impact many aspects of life and society for years to come. Most importantly, the effects throughout the economy will be felt in patterns of consumption, housing, mobility, education, and certainly workforce matters. The role of the Great Recession in delaying retirement for some and generally reordering transitions into and out of work through upheavals in hiring has likely brought many longer-term events into sharper, more immediate focus in regions like Nashville. The ability to navigate through the substantial changes in the coming years will require maximum attention and resources from a full stakeholder community. Business has been taking note of the changes with many recognizing the major impacts that an aging workforce will have on their operations.

The foundations set and processes underway in the joint metro region already are tackling these types of challenges. The broader framework of this research thus undergirds opportunities to develop solutions at even greater levels. At the same time, research points to a continuing overall low awareness among many businesses of the historically large and unusual demographic changes that are underway in the nation. Those impacted most severely and early by aging workforce issues generally are more proactive in attentiveness to solutions. In fact, all sectors and all firms will ultimately be affected directly and indirectly by the magnitude and rapidity of change in worker age demographics that is occurring. The workforce of the joint metro region functions in many ways like those of other regions of the country, as illustrated by the aging of society in general. Similarly, the U.S. workforce is mobile; commuting is a reality for most American workers and is an issue of importance to their time, productivity and financial well-being. Regions also take note of commuting challenges – equally for the inefficiencies that may exist and for the detriments to quality of life that may cause migration and retention of workforce to languish. Recognition of the seriousness of mobility to meeting workforce supply in the Nashville area has become a major policy topic. Research highlights the ways that commuting is a cost in time and money for those traveling to work. Data show that the favorable cost-of-living advantages of the Nashville MSA erode to a point of poor competitiveness when commuting costs are added to housing costs. The impacts fall even harder on those with fewer options available in jobs, mobility or housing.

43%

38%

16%

2% 1%

Significant Moderate Slight Unsure None

Management Perception of Changing Workforce Demographics Over the Next 3-5 Years

Source: ASTD/IBM Learning and Changing Workforce Demographics Study

$50,467

$51,996

$48,938

$44,297

$52,250

Joint MetroRegion

Nashville MSA Clarksville MSA Tennessee U.S.

Median Household Income by Metropolitan Area



The Equality of Opportunity Project, a consortium of research from Harvard, U.C. Berkeley and the U.S. Treasury, has examined those ways that social mobility, as well as physical mobility, interact in locations and across generations that limit advancement and realized opportunity. According to findings from this research2: “Of the largest 100 commuting zones in the U.S. for children in low-income families, Nashville ranks 68. In total, kids will make 5.5 percent less than the average place, boys will make 3.7 percent less, and girls will make 7.7 percent less than the average place at age 26.” It goes on to point out that “Even high-income families make less than average. Ranked 539th out of 684, children of high-income families can expect to make 1.4 percent less than average.” Median household income is one standard measure of relative economic well-being of a region. The incomes of the joint metro region stand in close proximity to median households at the national level. The comparative cost-of-living advantage here still remains a benefit for local residents. In the first quarter of 2015, the cost of living in the Nashville MSA was at 93.7 percent of the average of 265 MSAs. The local advantage occurs in all component parts of the calculated index value for this region. The strong economic growth in the joint metro region has played an important role in sustaining and growing income and earnings among residents. In particular, the median household income of the joint metro region exceeds that of the state as a whole by a large measure, fully 13.9 percent higher. Williamson County leads the region, and in fact, all counties in the state, with annual median household income nearing $90,000. Following Williamson are Wilson, Sumner, Rutherford and Robertson counties. Smaller counties in the joint metro region generally experience considerably lower median household incomes, though there is much variability among those. Typically, the overall environment for those, and all areas, of the joint metro region are highly tied both to their own business and employment mix and to their proximity to adjacent areas of opportunity for workers.

2The Equality of Opportunity Project, 2012

$40,689$52,446

$47,335$44,318

$39,581$35,306

$45,336$49,617

$52,792$55,401

$42,383$55,509

$43,034$89,779

$60,390$38,904

$45,629

$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000

CannonCheathamDavidson

DicksonHickman

MaconMaury

MontgomeryRobertsonRutherford

SmithSumner

TrousdaleWilliamson

WilsonChristian

Trigg

Median Household Income by County



http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/

Infrastructure The joint metro region represents the Nashville and Clarksville MSAs, which are adjacent to one another. This geography is important because: 1) metropolitan statistical areas are the standard unit used nationwide for decades to compare "metro areas"; and 2) the somewhat unusual nature of two MSAs with characteristics like these in this region of the nation. The MSA configuration responds to functional activity in an area based on demography and economic interaction, particularly workforce-related activity. The workforce development and education systems of a region form a key foundation for the workforce of any region. The location of educational institutions result from a long heritage of any region, representing many needs and desires to establish and grow institutions for many purposes and populations. An abundant educational infrastructure at all levels exists throughout the joint metro region. In important ways, the workforce development system and educational providers interact to serve the employment preparation needs of this and every region. The workforce system itself is defined by geography and function as part of national and state initiatives to guide, coordinate and serve in that area. The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) is the leading national system that will guide workforce development in all parts of the country. In Middle Tennessee, it will serve as the guiding structure for the work of agencies and programs serving the processes that address alignment of supply and demand in the joint metro region. WIOA is intended to help job seekers and workers access employment, education, training and support services to succeed in the labor market and match employers with the skilled workers they need to compete in the global economy. Congress passed WIOA, the first legislative reform of the public workforce system in more than 15 years, by a wide bipartisan majority. WIOA supersedes the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 and amends earlier programs, and became effective July 1, 2015. Individual state unified plans and common performance accountability provisions take effect July 1, 2016.

Through this authorization, Congress reaffirmed the work of the American Job Center system, which functions as the foundation of the public workforce investment system, and brought together and enhanced several key employment, education and training programs. In recent years, more than 20 million people annually turn to these programs to obtain good jobs and a pathway to the middle class. WIOA continues to advance services to these job seekers and employers. Workforce Investment Areas of Tennessee


Training Providers in Joint Metro Region

Workforce Investment

Area 7: Cannon,

Macon, Smith

Fortis Institute – Cookeville Nashville State Community College – Cookeville Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Livingston Tennessee Technological University


Area 8: Cheatham,

Dickson, Montgomery,

Robertson, Sumner,

Williamson

Austin Peay State University Cumberland Institute Of Holistic Therapies Daymar Institute – Clarksville Dental Staff School of Tennessee Miller-Motte Technical College – Clarksville North American Lineman Training Center North Central Institute Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Dickson, Clarksville Tennessee Health Careers, LLC Union University – Hendersonville Volunteer State Community College


Area 9: Davidson,

Rutherford, Trousdale,

Wilson

Allied Health Careers Institute Belmont University – Center for Executive Education Cumberland University Daymar Institute – Murfreesboro, Nashville Edumed Partners, LLC Excel Dental Training Institute Fortis Institute – Nashville Genesis Career College Nashville Airport Campus Goodwill Industries of Middle Tennessee John A. Gupton College Kaplan Career Institute Lab Four Career Training Institute – Nashville Lebanon Beauty and Style Academy Lincoln College of Technology Medical Billing Academy Middle Tennessee State University Miller-Motte Technical College – Madison Motlow State Community College – Smyrna

Nashville Academy of Reflexology, LLC Nashville College of Medical Careers Nashville General Hospital At Meharry Nashville State Community College National College – Madison National College – Nashville NATS, Inc. New Horizons Computer Learning Center – Nashville Remington College's Nashville Campus Sash Nursing Assistant Training Program Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Hartsville, Murfreesboro, Nashville Tennessee State University TN Professional Training Institute Total Tech, LLC Transportation Training Center Trevecca Nazarene University Truck Driver Institute, Inc. United Truck Driving School, Inc.


Area 10: Hickman,

Maury

Columbia State Community College – Clifton, Lawrenceburg, Lewisburg, Williamson Superior Drivers Institute Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Hohenwald Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Pulaski (East College St.) Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Pulaski – Lawrenceburg Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Pulaski – Lewisburg

West Kentucky (A):

Christian, Trigg

Brown Mackie College – Hopkinsville Hopkinsville Community College Murray State University

The infrastructure that serves the joint metro region is thus strong and comprehensive in many ways. The close linkages among job centers, educational institutions and business organizations have been instrumental in positioning this area to anticipate workforce challenges and innovatively respond to and design for those issues.


Challenges and Opportunities Age An aging population is likely the most significant change and challenge to our society’s workforce that occurs over the coming decade. The continuing exit of the Baby Boom generation from the workforce will reshape all industries in some way. The landscape of our environment – physical, social, and economic – will alter in innumerable ways as 76 million people nationally retire over a two-decade block of time. As dramatically as the U.S. was impacted by the Baby Boom coming of age and entering the workforce, so is the nation now experiencing a transformation that will be large, important and long-lasting. The current population of the joint metro region finds more than 1 million persons in the primary working age, 20-54. Meanwhile, nearly 250,000 people ages 55-64 are fast approaching retirement age, meaning the area will need to replace those who are currently employed. Even more importantly, a disproportionate share of the 20-54 age range are themselves going to move into pre-retiree age groups soon. In short, the demographic composition of the area does not have the balance needed whereby younger workers and future workers are as numerous as those exiting. This phenomenon is not unique to this area, and that itself is important in many ways. In the past, surplus labor force in other areas of the nation could be expected to migrate to areas of opportunity such as the Nashville and Clarksville MSAs. Increasingly, the demographic transition will reduce the likelihood of this. This study will later examine in detail the "levers" of obtaining workforce supply to meet demand that are at the center of the looming dilemmas in fact facing many industrialized nations. Working-age population in the joint metro region is expected to grow faster than in the nation as a whole. However, growth in all areas, including the Nashville MSA, the Clarksville MSA and the U.S., is expected to slow significantly in 2015-2020 compared to 2010-2015. Once again, however, it is critical to note the dramatic changes in pre-retiree and retiree age cohorts in relation to all others in the next five years, coupled with additions that have already occurred. Lastly, men and women represent almost equal portions of the region’s workforce, with men at 48.8 percent and women at 51.2 percent. However, trends point to a slow but steady decline of men in the workforce as women assume a greater share.

12,333

4,504

40,435

31,420

49,146

14,320 16,132

34,644

20,752

57,407

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Pre and YoungSchoolers 0-9

Next Gen Talent(10-19)

Prime WorkerAge (20-54)

Pre-Retirees (55-64)

Retirees (65+)

Age Composition, Joint Metro Region

2010-2015 Change 2015-2020 ChangeSource: REMI, 2015

13.8% 12.8%

49.2%

11.9% 12.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Pre- and YoungSchoolers 0-9

Next-Gen Talent(10-19)

Prime WorkerAge (20-54)

Pre-Retirees(55-64)

Retirees (65+)

Age Composition in Joint Metro Region

Source: REMI, 2015


7.0%

2.3%

9.4%

6.3%

1.9%

8.3%

12.0%

4.7%

17.3%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

2010-2015 2015-2020 2010-2020

Change in Working-Age Population, 2010-2020

Joint Metro Region Nashville MSA Clarksville MSASource: EMSI, 2015

0 million

1 million

2 million

3 million

4 million

5 million

1928 Silent,47m

1946 Boomer,76m

1965 Gen X55m

1981 Millennial66m

1998 Post-Millennial

61m

2013

Births Underlying Each GenerationNumber of U.S. Births by Year and Generation

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Projected Population in Millions, United States, 2014-2050


Labor Force Participation Labor force participation has been a topic of much discussion and concern in recent years at the national level. The rate of participation has continued to decline, some related to the economic downturn and aftermath, but otherwise still owing to reasons not completely understood. National labor force participation levels, in many respects, have reached 30-year lows, and projections suggest further decline. Clearly, this matter is significant in resolving workforce needs now and into the future. The reassuring note in this somewhat distressing pattern is that the level of labor force participation in the joint metro region is well above the state and national levels, and gives indications of continued resilience. Participation rates in this area have increased by approximately 1.2 percent over the last three years, while a loss occurred in both Tennessee and the nation over that period. Davidson County and Rutherford County have the highest labor force participation rates, at 69.1 percent and 70.3 percent, respectively.

Labor force participation is important throughout the population but particularly for those groups that historically have been less attached to the workforce. Continued focus in the Joint Metro Regions on populations where labor force participation is lower than for the overall population should remain in the forefront for the area employers and the workforce development system. Minority populations, youth, older workers, persons with disabilities, and those with limited English abilities represent groups that are less active or traditionally less engaged with certain occupations and industries than overall population. Women as well historically have been underrepresented in areas of the workforce involving STEM skills and preparation along with leadership roles in many sectors and occupations. Intensifying the region’s attention to building access and incentive for increased participation across all working age populations will serve a key function to provide workforce supply in the Joint Metro Region in the next five years.

60%

62%

64%

66%

68%

70%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Changes in Labor Force Participation, 2005-2013

Joint Metro Region Nashville Clarksville Tennessee U.S.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013

58

60

62

64

66

68

197

5

198

0

198

5

199

0

199

5

200

0

200

5

201

0

201

5

202

0

Pe

rce

nt

Year

Labor Force Participation Rate, U.S., 1975-2020 (projected)Participation Rate

Projected Participation Rate

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

67.0% 67.3%

64.7%

61.4%

63.3%

55%

60%

65%

70%

Joint MetroRegion

Nashville MSA ClarksvilleMSA

Tennessee U.S.

Labor Force Participation, 2013



Transportation

Ability of residents to access work locations is an essential factor in the efficiency of a regional workforce system. Conversely, impediments to a high and desired level of mobility to work constrain that efficiency. While options such as telecommuting and flex scheduling can moderate challenges associated with poor access and mobility options or function, the vast majority of work in the near term across most industries and occupations remains largely location-based and primarily time- and schedule-constrained. Consequently, commuting from home to work remains a significant feature of the economic life of the Nashville region as in most regions. The continuing erosion of favorable commuting conditions in the Nashville area presents significant obstacles to the efficient operation of workforce dynamics as they currently exist, much less to address improvements in alignment of supply and demand of labor in the near term. Among ten large peer metro regions, only two experience longer average commute times for workers (Atlanta and Denver). The continued phenomenon of long daily commutes translates to not only a reduced quality of life in the region but many hardships for an efficiently functioning labor market. The inability of workers to travel easily and affordably to access job opportunities weakens industry productivity, retention of workers, congestion that impedes other business-related transportation, and reduced discretionary time and spending by workers as consumers in the region. County-to County Commuting, Nashville MSA

Source: US Census Bureau, Center for Economic Studies, 2011

30

26.4 26

21.8

27.1

24.4

22.924.1

26.525.6

26.1

Atla

nta

Aus

tin

Cha

rlotte

Cla

rksv

ille

Den

ver

Indi

anap

olis

Kan

sas

City

Mem

phis

Nas

hvill

e

Ral

eigh

Tam

pa

Co

mm

ute

Tim

e, M

inu

tes

Average Commute Times by MSA



Research points to the variation in ability of workers to access jobs within a given region. Data3 show that 70 percent of large metropolitan residents live in neighborhoods with access to transit services of some kind. This phenomenon is highest in Western metros like Los Angeles, and lowest in Southern areas like Chattanooga. Unsurprisingly, lower-income jobs are less accessible overall by public transit than higher-income jobs. Fifteen of the 20 metro areas with the highest combined transit coverage score are in the west, and the worst 15 of 20 are in the South, which includes the Nashville MSA. The shift of poorer populations into suburban zones further exacerbates the ability of workers and jobs to connect well where mobility options are few. By 2008, large metropolitan suburbs were home to a larger share—about one-third—of

America’s poor, higher than in big cities, small metropolitan areas, or rural areas.

During the 2000s, poverty in suburbs grew five times faster than in cities. The joint metro region in some ways is similar and in some different from these patterns. The consolidated government of Nashville-Davidson County has experienced an unusual pattern of less dense development with the creation of a large municipality with semi-equalized services, taxes and fees, surrounded by counties with equally little differentiation in those same features internally. Accompanied by comparatively low costs of housing and commuting for several decades, the major outcome of this volume of development has frequently been long distances with few travel options between home and work. Employment growth in a few core areas has further drawn workforce from even longer distances in second and third ring counties. These compounding factors have produced a labor market whose spatial arrangement is functional in an environment of sparse settlement, low-cost single-vehicle commuting and stable workforce skills. As development has become dense, travel costs and volume are no longer as desirable, and the employer and skills mix has become more dynamic, the efficiencies that lead to growth are now the ones that impede easy solutions for reestablishing efficiencies.

3Brookings Institution, Missed Opportunity: Transit and Jobs in Metropolitan America, 2011

Top and Bottom Metropolitan Areas for Share of

Working-Age Residents with Access to Transit

Rank Metropolitan Area Coverage (%)

1 Honolulu, HI 97.0

2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA 96.0

3 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA 95.6

4 El Paso, TX 94.3

5 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA 91.7

6 Modesto, CA 90.4

7 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA 89.6

8 Salt Lake City, UT 89.0

9 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL 88.8

10 Las Vegas-Paradise, NV 85.5

91 Baton Rouge, LA 34.2

92 Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME 33.1

93 Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin, TN 32.2

94 Birmingham-Hoover, AL 32.1

95 Richmond, VA 30.8

96 Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC 30.2

97 Jackson, MS 30.0

98 Knoxville, TN 27.9

99 Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC 27.7

100 Chattanooga, TN-GA 22.5

Source: Brookings Institution; Nielsen, 2010


http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2011/5/12-jobs-and-transit/0512_jobs_transit.pdf

Housing

Understanding the workforce supply and demand balance of a region involves appreciation for the fact that all workers live somewhere in the region, and the vast majority work at a location different from their home. By implication, this then suggests that housing considerations are a paramount consideration in addressing workforce supply and demand balance. Residents fill their housing requirements through a number of processes. In any given year, 18 percent of residents within this area move from one dwelling place to another. Choosing a place of residence may simply involve remaining in housing or an intentional process of selecting new housing. In either case, many households will experience implications involving their job and place of work and, consequently, for regional balance of supply and demand.

A large labor catchment area such as the joint metro region, with more than 1,089,000 in the labor force, will encounter demand and supply that will mesh in varying degrees. Individuals and employers with more capabilities and desire to rely on mobility options available can benefit one another. Conversely, employers and individuals with fewer options in accessing one another will not as likely produce a successful match. The vast majority of workers in the region commute to work in their own vehicles, a large number driving alone. There are important implications for maintaining an efficient labor market in the Joint Metro Region simply due to the high dependence on automobiles and the large geography of 17 counties with low population densities in many areas, relatively few large population nodes and dense employment centers, a highly diversified industry mix that relies on specialized occupations not widely shared and interchangeable among sectors, and limited travel route and mode options for many workers.

Households are constrained to match their housing needs by their incomes and household budget preferences. A degree of "reset" has occurred in the joint metro region regarding housing costs for three important reasons: 1) the Great Recession saw substantially diminished residential construction nationally and in this region, resulting in lingering sales inventory shortages and rising housing prices; 2) population in-migration levels have increased in recent years, adding to demand, particularly in certain areas; and 3) ongoing shift in employment composition to a larger share of high-skill, high-earnings households have escalated the overall housing cost structure. Consequently, housing options are limited for many in terms of location and affordability. This ultimately impacts the ability to maintain an efficient workforce supply and demand balance. Even where sufficient workers or potential workers exist, those persons' ability to access available employment is hindered by their combined housing and transit options.

Data highlight a variety of aspects of housing in the joint metro region that touch on household finances, and consequently work and earnings. The median home value in the joint metro region is only marginally lower than that in the U.S. overall, and 11.3 percent higher than that in Tennessee as a whole. In 2015, home sales prices in the region have first exceeded the pre-recession levels of 2007 when adjusted for inflation. The lack of any major housing price bubble in the joint metro region in the 2000s helped spur the area’s economic recovery in the aftermath, but this in turn has prompted rapid economic growth that continues to hasten price pressure on a housing market that still has depleted inventory in most types and locations. On a relative basis, housing costs and, separately, real estate taxes paid in the joint metro region remain lower than in the nation overall. The quality-of-life features of a major metropolitan area, when added to the differential, continue to make the joint metro region an attractive area for residents and a promising feature for fulfilling workforce supply needs.

$156,150

$172,400

$139,900 $140,300

$173,900

$-

$40,000

$80,000

$120,000

$160,000

$200,000

Joint MetroRegion

NashvilleMSA

ClarksvilleMSA

Tennessee U.S.

Median Home Value, 2013


$899 $937

$861 $769

$966

$-

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Joint MetroRegion

NashvilleMSA

ClarksvilleMSA

Tennessee U.S.

Median Monthly Housing Costs, 2013

Source: U.S. Census, Bureau 2013


Research4 proves the merits of building household assets and assuring sound and stable balance sheets for those households, which in turn helps stabilize and strengthen the workforce assets of a region. Where these resources are built through savings, investment, social insurance and other solid financial literacy and management, household well-being is most directly affected through the human capital it possesses. Particularly for low- and middle-income households with limited financial assets, the opportunities for enhanced education and training, regular employment and moderate expenditure on housing and transportation are far and away the leading means to stable success. Intentional, consistent workforce paths combined with attractive cost-of-living features in a region are the best scenarios for economic growth for households and for a region. The joint metro region’s cost environment, historically a benefit for the area, continues to exhibit changes that could impede workforce and education gains through an erosion of labor force efficiencies and higher housing and transportation costs. Housing average sales prices in the region have for the first time in 2015 begun to exceed their pre-recession levels when adjusted for inflation. Yet, the continued limited housing inventory available for purchase or rent due to low levels of construction for numerous years now translates to strong upward pressure on housing and apartment prices, a phenomenon occurring in many U.S. markets. Meanwhile, overall the Joint Metro Region remains comparatively affordable in housing against other parts of the country. Yet, affordability in relation to the earnings and location of

households in various parts of the region continues to be a concern for the economic viability of those households as consumers and contributors to the tax base. Moreover, the constraints on affordability impact the efficiency of the region’s labor market in that workers may be unable to access housing that is within their budget and within a reasonable commuting range of their jobs. Once again, the continuum of labor market efficiency is held together not only by sufficient supply of skilled workers for area employer demand, but very much by the proximity of housing and location of jobs along with transportation options. Numerous counties of the region indicate attractively low housing costs while access to particular jobs for those residents may remain quite distant.

4http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/1001663-The-Two-Worlds-of-Personal-Finance-Implications-for-Promoting-the-Economic-Well-Being-of-Low-and-Moderate-Income-Families.PDF

$116,400$149,400

$166,100$141,100

$92,200$90,200

$142,600$147,000$150,500

$159,200$113,800

$174,000$115,500

$330,800$201,700

$111,700$115,000

$0 $175,000 $350,000

CannonCheathamDavidson

DicksonHickman

MaconMaury

MontgomeryRobertson

RutherfordSmith

SumnerTrousdale

WilliamsonWilson

ChristianTrigg

Median Home Value by County

Source: U.S. Census, 2013

$650

$942

$942

$739

$677

$506

$788

$924

$848

$970

$600

$933

$682

$1,366

$945

$706

$631

$0 $500 $1,000 $1,500

Cannon

Cheatham

Davidson

Dickson

Hickman

Macon

Maury

Montgomery

Robertson

Rutherford

Smith

Sumner

Trousdale

Williamson

Wilson

Christian

Trigg

Median Monthly Housing Costs by County, 2013

Source: U.S. Census, 2013


http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/1001663-The-Two-Worlds-of-Personal-Finance-Implications-for-Promoting-the-Economic-Well-Being-of-Low-and-Moderate-Income-Families.PDF

http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/1001663-The-Two-Worlds-of-Personal-Finance-Implications-for-Promoting-the-Economic-Well-Being-of-Low-and-Moderate-Income-Families.PDF

Education and Skills Workforce skills are at the heart of consideration of matching worker supply with demand for workers. In short, there are no truly generic workers. Some may require very advanced skills and some fewer, but all must always fulfill employer needs in terms of content skills and soft skills. The successful workforce is one that results in workers and employers achieving a mutually beneficial blend of opportunity and achievement. The skills gap, widely heralded, indeed becomes more imperative and real when work settings become more complex and change more rapidly. These conditions exist in many industries and occupations where change and complexity were once little considered. Though information is ubiquitous through the Internet and other means, both employers and workers and those considering hiring and working find an array of information daunting. This report addresses many aspects of supply and demand of workers, but ultimately finds that skills matches are at the very center of solutions. The employment match, of course, must correspond reasonably to other features of bridging worker and employer needs – such as reasonable proximity, concurrence on roles and compensation, and fulfilling holistic aspirations and goals of both parties. But the very ability to perform defined work in specific occupations is the backdrop for a workforce examination at a macro level. Understanding the workforce supply and demand balance is thus a continuous top-down and bottom-up examination. Achieving sufficiency of workers quantitatively and qualitatively is key to a region’s economic success, as monitored through labor force totals, graduates and other entrants to a labor force, migration patterns and so on. These are the macro forces or "levers" that are examined in a later section of this study. Meanwhile, building up a base of information about workforce sufficiency requires understanding the fulfillment of necessary skills occupation by occupation and industry by industry. The educational infrastructure of the joint metro region itself forms one of the leading industry sets of the area.. The secondary education providers within the joint metro region delivered more than 29,000 completions annually. These included all types of awards, from certificates through doctoral and professional degrees. While many individuals earning these degrees are currently working in the area, a sizable portion represents either new entrants to the workforce (locally or elsewhere) or persons seeking to move to other occupations (see Appendix for completions of all types).Enrollment in K-12 education exceeds 347,000 across the region. Significant innovation and progress have characterized the educational setting of the region and the state in recent years. Educational attainment levels, graduation rates, college-going rates, and on-time completions all are experiencing gains across districts and

$35,597

$20,149

$27,350

$32,387

$50,050

$65,565

$31,585

$18,706

$25,504

$31,143

$42,403

$55,401

$32,349

$27,347

$26,794

$31,015

$44,443

$55,660

$35,433

$20,276

$27,496

$32,410

$45,718

$60,082

$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000

Average Wages for Population 25+

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includesequivalency)

Some college or Associate degree

Bachelor's degree

Graduate or professional degree

Median Income by Educational Attainment

Nashville Clarksville TN U.S.Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013

9.6%11.2%11.4%

12.9%14.3%

15.4%15.6%

18.1%18.6%

20.2%20.6%

24.4%25.6%

28.4%29.6%

37.8%56.2%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

MaconHickman

SmithCannon

TrousdaleDickson

ChristianRobertson

MauryCheatham

TriggMontgomery

SumnerWilson

RutherfordDavidson

Williamson

Percentage of Population with Bachelor's Degrees or Higher by County



counties. Landmark initiatives such as Tennessee Promise and Drive to 55 have earned national acclaim as breakthrough support for future workforce needs5. Employers form an active component of educating and training workers. Many organizations in the area include internships and apprenticeships as part of their way to foster interest and experience in potential workers. These types of experiences not only provide content knowledge and skills, but introduce individuals to many facets of a work environment and the soft skills involved in work success6. Mentoring and monitoring progress of interns and apprentices can function as an important corollary to community college or other training settings. Adults completing higher levels of education merits regard as a preeminent solution in balancing workforce supply with demand. With approximately 95 percent of annual jobs created filled by working adults transferring from one job to another, the key focus for filling needed roles is to continue investment and encouragement in working adult education and training. Data7 supporting this include:

By 2018, nearly two-thirds of the nation’s jobs will require some postsecondary education or training. College enrollment by adults will grow twice as fast as enrollments by traditional-age students through

2020. Adults who have completed high school fare much better than dropouts. Yet even these workers face

unemployment rates nearly a third higher than adults with some college, and twice as high as those with a bachelor’s degree (9.7 percent vs. 4.5 percent).

5 https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2011/10/26/reports-find-student-aid-shift-states-federal-government 6 http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/901384-Expanding-Apprenticeship-A-Way-to-Enhance-Skills-and-Careers.PDF 7 http://www.nchems.org/pubs/docs/NotKidStuffAnymoreAdultStudentProfile-1.pdf

27.2%

39.0%

6.7%

1.1%

4.6%

17.9%

2.1%

1.5%

24.1%

34.7%

7.8%

1.7%

6.0%

20.1%

3.3%

2.2%

Less than high school

High school diploma

Postsecondary non-degree award

Some college, no degree

Associate degree

Bachelor's degree

Doctoral or professionaldegree

Master's degree

Employment Compostion by Education, Joint Metro Region

% of 2015 Jobs % of 2015-2020 Jobs

Source: EMSI, 2015


Source: EMSI, 2015

Employment Levels by Minimum Education Attainment for Entry

Joint Metro Region

Education 2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs Change 2015-2020 Total Annual Earnings

Average Earnings

% of Total Employment - 2015

% of New Jobs

Less than high school 260,752 274,982 14230 $6,865,424,678.67 $26,329 26.75% 24.15%

High School diploma 388,973 409,366 20,393 $15,060,613,481 $38,719 39.90% 34.61%

Postsecondary non-degree award 63,858 68,468 4,600 $2,595,712,728 $40,648 6.55% 7.81%

Some college, no degree 10,776 11,778 1002 $350,251,714 $32,503 1.11% 1.70%

Associate degree 43,908 47,467 3,559 $2,227,652,375 $50,735 4.50% 6.04%

Bachelor's degree 171,924 183,771 11847 $11,122,079,502 $64,692 17.64% 20.11%

Doctoral or professional degree 20,066 22,043 1,977 $2,738,200,184 $136,460 2.06% 3.36%

Master's degree 14,531 15,843 1,312 $918,063,731 $63,180 1.49% 2.23%

Post-bachelor's degree 34,597 37,886 3,289 $3,656,263,916 $99,820 3.55% 5.58%

Total 974788 1033718 58920 $45,534,262,311.14 $56,658

Nation

Education 2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs Change 2015-2020 Total Annual Earnings

Average Earnings

% of Total Employment - 2015

% of New Jobs

Less than high school 39,347,985 41,622,749 2274767 $1,190,310,385,517 $30,251 36.41% 34.05%

High School diploma 20,749,354 21,786,705 1,037,351 $859,645,736,220 $41,430 19.20% 15.53%

Postsecondary non-degree award 8,354,666 8,948,362 593,692 $6,956,480,062 $833 7.73% 8.89%

Some college, no degree 2,105,172 2,240,867 135694 $91,148,895,187 $43,298 1.95% 2.03%

Associate degree 6,083,134 6,563,135 479,994 $332,446,375,498 $54,651 5.63% 7.18%

Bachelor's degree 25,328,123 26,999,429 1671309 $1,898,182,238,550 $74,944 23.44% 25.01%

Doctoral or professional degree 3,912,883 4,217,964 305,082 $524,097,027,056 $133,941 3.62% 4.57%

Master's degree 2,188,972 2,372,369 183,404 $161,115,146,903 $73,603 2.03% 2.75%

Post-bachelor's degree 6,101,855 6,590,333 488,486 $685,212,173,959 $111,654 5.65% 7.31%

Total 108,070,289 114,751,580 6681293 $5,063,902,284,993.64 $46,857


3.2%

6.8%

27.5%

21.9%

7.8%

22.1%

10.7%

3.8%

8.2%

32.2%

22.0%

7.5%

17.0%

9.3%

4.7%

7.2%

26.4%

21.8%

8.8%

19.8%

11.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Less than HS 9th-12th grade High school graduate Some college, nodegree

Associate degree Bachelor's degree Master's degree

Educational Attainment

Joint Metro Region Tennessee U.S.Source: U.S. Census Bureau and American Community Survey, 2013

$4,029,948

$4,650,558

$3,837,239

$3,380,060

$2,254,765 $2,239,548

$1,767,025

$1,198,447

PhD Professionaldegree

Master's degree Bachelor'sdegree

Associate degree Some college High schoolgraduate

High schooldropout

Estimate lifetime earnings by education level, National, 2008

Source: Analysis of March CPS data, Georgetown Center of Educatiion


The value of postsecondary education exists in fulfilling the workforce needs of the area as well as increasing the lifetime earning capacity of the individual. Research demonstrates in a number of ways the significance of this topic. Clearly, skills requirements for the job market in the joint metro region continue to increase overall. Data show a rapid shift toward higher levels of education as a minimum requirement for entry into a larger share of overall jobs. Equally, far fewer jobs will appear as a share of all jobs in which a high school diploma or less will be a sufficient education level. The incentive for new entrants to careers in this region is therefore twofold: 1) to be able to access a broader range and growing number of occupations and jobs, and 2) to enhance lifetime earnings abilities. Data show that earnings across a lifetime are enhanced for individuals with each higher level of education that they have attained. Associates degree holders can expect to earn nearly a half million dollars more in a lifetime than those with only a high school diploma. Those with a bachelor’s degree can expect on average to earn over $1.6 million more in a lifetime than a person with only a high school completion. Income levels for persons at all educational levels in the joint metro region are higher than for Tennesseans overall with similar education. At all levels as well, the earnings of persons in this region exceeds or is within close range of the national earnings levels for persons with similar education. Cost of living advantages in the joint metro region function as an important mitigating factor when earnings differentials exist between this area and the nation as a whole.

Field of Degree – Postsecondary Completions by MSA

Atlanta Austin Charlotte Denver Indianapolis Kansas City Louisville Memphis

Nashville MSA Raleigh Tampa

Science and engineering 33.2% 38.8% 32.1% 37.6% 31.1% 28.9% 30.4% 27.6% 29.4% 41.0% 32.7% Computers, mathematics

and statistics 5.6% 6.2% 4.4% 4.9% 3.5% 4.5% 3.8% 2.7% 3.9% 6.8% 4.1% Biological, agricultural and

environmental sciences 4.8% 5.4% 4.7% 6.3% 6.9% 5.6% 5.8% 6.0% 6.0% 6.7% 5.2% Physical and related

sciences 2.6% 2.9% 2.5% 3.6% 3.1% 2.8% 2.8% 2.4% 3.1% 4.4% 3.6%

Psychology 4.5% 4.4% 5.4% 5.3% 4.0% 4.5% 4.4% 4.5% 4.4% 4.4% 4.8%

Social Sciences 7.3% 8.8% 7.6% 8.2% 6.2% 5.3% 6.8% 5.7% 6.4% 7.5% 7.6%

Engineering 8.1% 10.4% 6.9% 8.4% 7.0% 5.6% 6.3% 5.6% 5.0% 10.7% 6.8%

Multidisciplinary studies 0.3% 0.8% 0.5% 0.9% 0.3% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% Science and

engineering-related fields 8.0% 7.0% 7.0% 8.1% 11.6% 9.7% 10.4% 9.5% 8.4% 7.8% 9.8%

Business 26.5% 19.4% 27.6% 22.5% 22.4% 24.2% 23.3% 25.2% 24.2% 20.5% 23.5%

Education 11.6% 9.6% 11.6% 8.8% 14.2% 15.4% 12.3% 15.5% 12.6% 9.9% 14.6%

Arts and humanities 20.7% 25.1% 21.6% 23.1% 20.7% 21.7% 23.6% 22.1% 25.5% 20.7% 19.5% Literature and languages 3.9% 4.8% 3.7% 4.0% 2.9% 2.8% 4.5% 4.6% 4.5% 3.9% 3.3%

Liberal arts and history 3.8% 5.0% 4.9% 4.7% 4.7% 5.3% 6.0% 4.5% 4.6% 4.2% 4.4%

Visual and performing arts 3.7% 4.7% 2.9% 4.1% 3.1% 3.9% 2.7% 3.0% 5.2% 2.7% 3.1%

Communications 4.4% 5.8% 4.7% 5.1% 3.9% 4.2% 4.7% 4.4% 5.6% 4.2% 3.6%

Other 5.0% 4.8% 5.3% 5.2% 6.1% 5.5% 5.8% 5.7% 5.7% 5.8% 5.2%

Total Completions 1,243,122

477,058

401,116

708,325

377,189

460,391

233,556

222,813

355,630

324,318

544,121


An assessment of the skills most commonly sought in current job postings in the joint metro region reveals the high level of diversity that exists in the economy. Of the five most sought after skills, three are business-oriented, one is mechanical and another is clinical. Each of the five have location quotients greater than 1.0, meaning that they all are more sought after in this area than in what one would expect to find in a region of this size. In fact, patient care is sought nearly twice as much as a skill in the joint metro region than in the average of the nation. Further, many occupations in fact require complementary skills that blend content expertise with other skills such as sales or marketing. Many skills that once were abundantly found by employers are either in short supply due to the tightening labor market or to the complexity of jobs that require more advanced or multiple skills in their place. The diversity of the economy of the region in this way functions as a limiting factor in some respects, in that highly specialized industries such as health care, advanced manufacturing, the cultural and creative industries, and others do not experience high degrees of transferrable skills and, consequently, employers must draw from small pools of available workers even though the overall labor market is quite large. In general, the top skills needed in this area reflect the nation in many ways: There is a strong increased demand for sales skills.

8.8% 8.5%

7.4%7.0% 6.7%

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

Sales Accounting Repair Scheduling Patient Care

Top Skills Listed in Job Postings, Joint Metro Region

Percent of Postings Location Quotient

Source: Burning Glass Technologies, FY2014-2015


Similar to skills requirements for jobs, many employers require a level of experience in potential hires. The importance of middle skills occupations is highly present in the experience requirements with nearly a third of current job postings asking for less than two years of experience. Many middle skills occupations require a modest amount of postsecondary training or experience to advance into those roles. About four of every ten current postings require two to five years of experience. Another 20 percent require five to eight years and a small number of jobs have need for candidates with eight or more years of experience. The implications for the area’s workforce are numerous in relation to experience levels needed. Many young workers obviously have limited work experience of any type and particularly for many long-term career roles. Therefore, a strong effort to bolster and expand apprenticeship and internship programs and experiences is highly important to strengthen the pipeline of available workers in the years ahead. Many area employers have implemented very successful internship and apprenticeship initiatives and benefit from mutually beneficial relationships that introduce candidates to the work environment and give employers opportunities to interact with very desirable candidates. Increasingly in an era of looming worker shortages in many areas, providing alternative means of building experience will be critical to filling positions. Linkages between employers, educational institutions, students and other workers changing fields will provide the input and relationships to ensure that content knowledge to perform jobs is delivered through training. Additionally, these linkages can form a robust system of engaging individuals on-site in experiential learning about corporate culture, ‘soft skills’ application, firm-specific content and process and many other aspects critical to job success but less easily acquired in the classroom.

31.4%

42.3%

20.3%

6.1%

Less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 to 8 years 8+ years

Minimum Experience Requirements within Job Postings, Joint Metro Region



Across the entire market of job postings in the region, there are several overarching computer skills needs that are most dominant. With basic applications nearly ubiquitous across industries and occupations, it is not surprising that collectively large numbers of job postings cite Microsoft Office products as requirements for work. The importance of not only computer literacy, but of specific applications is central to education for young persons entering the work force or older workers transitioning in their roles. Overall, almost three out of four postings listed some kind of computer skills requirements for jobs.

In additional to widely used business applications, a number of more specialized and advanced computer skills appear with frequency for current postings for the region. SQL, for example, is the fourth most named computer skill across all job postings in all fields. Others, such as SAP, Oracle and JAVA, fill the top ten most needed computer skills throughout all occupations in the joint metro region. Many of the key industry clusters in the area, particularly healthcare, finance and insurance require large numbers of workers to fill added roles, to replenish their base due to worker attrition and to ensure a critical mass of those trained in the latest evolution of these technical platforms. These industries, which rely heavily on software programming and database management as a core business activity, are experiencing ongoing needs for workers trained in use of SQL, Oracle, Java & JavaScript, SAP and other software. Employers have long reported challenges in filling openings, particularly for the most advanced software architecture and engineering skills with high national and international demand.

A small number of firms overall hire for positions with the most advanced technical skills requirements, while management, office administration, and finance occupations clusters are more likely to focus on Microsoft office programs. Occupations in manufacturing, construction and engineering sectors have additional substantial need for computer assisted design skills. Various strategies exist to ensure that there will be adequate supply of trained workers for the area’s demands. Advanced training for computer coding and engineering often means that job candidates are drawn from a very competitive U.S. and global market. Growth in these fields is rapid and constantly changing with limited educational programs in the southeast serving this need. Application of computer software is much more widespread in the workforce and presents fewer challenges to filling employer needs. Even so, focus on middle skills occupations, especially those with aging worker cohorts in place, will mean a need to put greater emphasis on training and retraining workers in technical aspects of manufacturing, construction, engineering and a host of applied industries. Location quotients, likewise, serve as an important signal to policymakers and those in education and workforce development regarding those skills that are over- or under-sought in the region’s job market. In many respects, careful monitoring of the level of need can function as a key early warning or reassurance relative to skills that are being well-fulfilled, that are diminishing in importance or that are becoming increasingly hard to find. Tailoring formal and informal, traditional and nontraditional, classroom and experiential delivery of training to the ebb and flow of skills needs as displayed through job posting content is a critical means for this research platform to continue.

16.1%

12.3%

6.2% 5.9%4.7% 3.9% 3.8% 3.5%

2.6% 2.5%

Mic

roso

ft Ex

cel

Mic

roso

ft O

ffice

Mic

roso

ft Po

wer

Poin

t

SQL

Mic

roso

ft W

indo

ws

Mic

roso

ft W

ord

SAP

Ora

cle

SQL

Serv

er

JAVA

Top Computer Skills, Joint Metro Region


Following are data on the top skill requirements listed for each of the area’s key occupational clusters. Often, one or two skills strongly predominates as a need in the market. For instance, accounting is highly sought after in the business environment, patient care among health occupations, merchandising for the creative sector, and litigation among the legal profession. While some of the array of skill needs are obvious, what may be less known to jobseekers is their ability to increase their competitiveness through acquisition of multiple of the leading skills, even where those skills may be diverse or even unrelated. Sales skills, ‘soft’ workplace skills, computer skills, and other abilities are outstanding complements to content-oriented training and skills in fields such as healthcare, the arts or mechanical work.

11.9%9.9%

9.0%8.7% 7.9%

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Accounting Collaboration Business Development Scheduling Sales

Management Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings

Percent of Postings Location QuotientSource: Burning Glass Technologies, FY 2014-2015

30.7%

9.2%8.8%

7.3% 6.7%

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Accounting Financial Analysis Business Analysis Financial Reporting Reconciliation

Business and Financial Operations Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings

Percent of Postings Location QuotientSource: Burning Glass Technologies, FY2014-2015


25.2%

12.6%12.3%

11.2% 11.0%

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

SQL Technical Support JAVA Oracle SQL Server

Computer and Math Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


16.8% 16.1%15.4%

12.8%

8.7%

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

AutoCAD Repair Inspection Computer Aided Drafting Electrical Engineering

Architecture and Engineering Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



11.5%10.1%

8.3%7.9% 7.6%

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Clinical Research Patient Care Psychology Biology Chemistry

Life, Physical and Social Science Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


21.0% 20.3%

15.7%14.4% 13.7%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Social Work Care Management Social Services Mental Health Treatment Planning

Community and Social Services Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



34.6%

14.1%12.3%

9.4% 8.3%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Litigation Legal DocumentComposition

Legal Research Contract Preparation Contract Review

Legal Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings

Percent of Postings Location Quotient


13.7%10.9%

9.4%

6.3% 5.9%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Lesson Planning Mathematics Workshops Curriculum Development Collaboration

Education, Training and Library Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



13.7%10.9%

9.4%

6.3% 5.9%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Merchandising Journalism Social Media Graphic Design Adobe Photoshop

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports and Media Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


38.5%

20.1%18.5%

15.2%12.2%

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Patient Care Patient Education Treatment Planning Collboration Patient Safety

Healthcare Practioners and Technical Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



41.4%

28.1%

20.4%16.7% 14.4%

00.20.40.60.811.21.41.61.822.22.42.62.833.23.43.6

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Patient Care Vital SignsMeasurement

Patient Education Phlebotomy Patient Preparation

Healthcare Support Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


22.6%

12.7%

10.5%9.9% 8.9%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Cleaning Laundry Inspection Scheduling Repair

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings

Percent of Postings Location QuotientSource: Burning Glass Technologies, Source: Burning Glass Technologies,


50.2%

16.4%14.7%

12.2% 11.4%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Sales Store Management Merchandising Retail Sales Sales Management

Sales and Related Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


38.2%29.2%

22.8%21.5% 20.1%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Repair Hand Tools Inspection Plumbing Electrical Work

Construction and Extration Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



78.4%

26.6%19.7%

16.4% 12.9%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Repair Inspection HVAC Plumbing Hand Tools

Installation, Maintenance and Repair Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


23.0%20.8%

12.7%10.1% 9.0%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Inspection Repair Mathematics Cleaning Forklift Operation

Production Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



31.4%

20.9%

15.5%14.1%

11.1%

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Forklift Operation Inspection Repair Mathematics Product Sale andDelivery

Transportation and Material Moving Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings


30.9%

22.7%22.3%

12.5% 11.4%

00.511.522.533.544.555.566.577.58

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Asset Protection Cooking Cleaning Food Safety Inspection

Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations Top Skills Listed in Job Postings



Unemployment and Underemployment The joint metro region economy has performed at historically high levels in recent years. Previous research shows that the region’s economy typically weakens ahead of a national downturn, briefly mirrors or exceeds the unemployment rates of the state or nation, and then resumes an early and sustained recovery stronger than that of both the state and nation. This pattern has held true over eight business cycles since the early 1970s. Interestingly, a weakening of key sectors of the area economy, particularly manufacturing, was noted throughout 2007, well before the onset of the national downturn. The trough of the Great Recession occurred in June 2009, fully 18 months from its start at the peak of December 2007. The depth of that recession escaped few regions of the country. Unemployment rolls reached over 80,000 persons at their peak in 2009 in the Nashville MSA. Nationally the recovery was slow by historical norms. This also was true even in the joint metro region. However, 2012 stands out as a breakthrough year for the region’s economy. In 2012, the Nashville MSA ranked first in the nation among large metropolitan areas for percentage gain in net employment change over the previous year. Consequently, unemployment began to fall. Since that time, recovery and

growth have persisted at very strong levels. Net employment change has continued year after year at record or near-record numeric and percentage gain levels. Unemployment in 2014 fell to 6.5 percent in the Nashville MSA and 7.1 percent in the Clarksville MSA. Total unemployed persons declined to 57,000 by close of 2014, rivaling low levels seen prior to the recession. 2015 has continued this pattern of exceptionally strong trends in job growth and decrease in unemployment levels. By May of 2015, seven of the counties in the joint metro region experienced unemployment rates at or below 5 percent. The adjacent graph illustrates

the behavior of the region’s workforce in the period since the onset of the Great Recession. Employment levels continued to fall month by month during the downturn compared to the 12 months prior, bottoming out at the June 2009 trough, identified nationally as the point at which the recession ended and recovery began its slow start. Labor force, which also had experienced declines from earlier periods as discouraged workers exited, began to recover as well. By mid-2011, employment was growing faster than labor force, which indicated the first sizable reductions in levels of unemployment. Naturally as job growth became more common, earlier exits from the labor force returned for new opportunities. The exceptionally strong performance of both the employment and labor force growth of the Joint metro region are shown continuing through the first part of 2015. Unemployment rates, meanwhile, have fallen to essentially levels of full or near-full employment in the area.

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Workforce Percentage Change - Nashville MSA (monthly change vs. 12 months prior)

Employment Labor ForceSource: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015


Unemployment in the U.S. is a nuanced measure; this is important in assessing supply and demand of workforce. Economists regard "full employment" as a point where unemployed persons in the labor force hover between four and five percent of that labor force. By this definition, this region has robustly reached this point. Yet, unemployment is a measure of those persons considering themselves to be actively seeking employment. In other words, they are not discouraged workers or those who choose not to work or seek employment. The unemployment series used nationally considers persons unemployed as the U1 measure. The table shows the different levels of unemployment that are calculated for

the national workforce. These measures are not all available for more local levels, thought conceptually they are important to consider in understanding workforce supply and demand. For Tennessee, data show that a "full" accounting of the unemployed (U6) may place that rate at double the one reported often as a rate (U3). In the first quarter of 2015, the state’s rate of marginally attached workers, plus total employed part-time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force, plus all marginally attached workers, was 12.6 percent versus 6.5 percent for the official unemployment rate.

It is helpful to note that there is a continuum of measures of unemployment. This data, available at the state and national level, provides insight into different types of unemployment and underemployment for the region. The measures of unemployment include:

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate) U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged

workers U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor

force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part

time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

U-1 U-2 U-3 U-4 U-5 U-6 2.7 3.1 6.5 7.1 7.9 12.6

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Un

em

plo

ym

en

t R

ate

Unemployment Rate 2005-2015

Joint Metro Region Tennessee U.S.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Tennessee Unemployment/ Underemployment Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Q2, 2014 – q1, 2015


Data show that part-time work became much more common with the onset of the Great Recession, while full-time employment declined dramatically. By 2014, full time employment nationally exceeded the level of nine years prior for the first time and was experiencing consistent gains, while part-time employment was relatively flat. This phenomenon is important in a labor market where the average individual worker holds 1.2 jobs. This research examines data both for employees and for jobs, a matter of special importance in some sectors where multiple job holding may be more common.

Research addresses the difficulties in reducing unemployment, particularly for some of the longer-duration unemployment, as related to structural mismatches in the labor market associated with the skills of jobless workers8. While unemployment has been far less severe in the joint metro region than in many other areas and the reduction in unemployment levels has been steady and impressive, there remain unemployed persons still actively seeking jobs in the area. A consensus of economists conclude that a skills mismatch only accounted for 0.4 to 0.7 percentage points in the five-point rise in national unemployment during the Great Recession. In other words, the majority of unemployment relates more to cyclical economic activity than structural mismatch in skills in the short-term. Decreased demand for workers during an economic downturn thus should be distinguished from decreased demand

for workers, because workers with those skills will never be needed at those levels again. This prescriptive in judging which of the unemployed are the best beneficiaries of skills retraining is valuable. Further, retraining workers for other occupations requires consideration of: 1) preparing persons for some expectation of immediacy of employment upon completion of retraining; 2) weighing the long-term sustainability of those new roles and jobs; and 3) gauging economic trends to anticipate how hiring trends over five years compare with current hiring trends (i.e., how much of any current rapid hiring may be cyclical). Given the nature of unemployment as highly correlated with economic downturns and worker demand reductions, it is necessary to balance short-term and cyclical interests of maintaining needed earnings and well-being with planning for the longer-term needs of filling a regional workforce pipeline. For instance, the manufacturing sector was experiencing sometimes severe shortages of workers due to skills gaps prior to the Great Recession9. Decomposing the reduced severity of this structural problem from the fact there was an extended, though temporary, lull in manufacturing vitality, is at the center of recognizing who should be re-skilled and when.

Regaining a foothold in the job market can often be challenging for individuals as various changes occur simultaneously – economic restructuring, altered skills requirements, changed employer mix and new competitors for jobs. Being unemployed itself can result in a stigma wherein even workers with solid skills find re-engagement a challenge10.

The relationship between job openings and levels of unemployment reflects the efficiency of a labor market11. Known as the Beveridge curve, the function can illustrate occasions when unemployment declines more slowly than usual or does not decline in response to more openings, suggesting possible skills mismatches in the market. In the 1970s and 1980s, this phenomenon was particularly true for blue-collar occupations. The aftermath of the Great Recession saw special difficulty across industries for the long-term unemployed, which may or may not be as related to skills mismatches.

8http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2013/02/13-workforce-training-jacobs/creating-a-virtuous-circle-_jacobs021313.pdf) 9http://www.themanufacturinginstitute.org/~/media/738F5D310119448DBB03DF30045084EF/2005_Skills_Gap_Report.pdf 10 Ho, Geoffrey C, Margaret Shih, Daniel J. Walters, and Todd L. Pittinsky. 2011. The Stigma of Unemployment: When Joblessness Leads to Being Jobless. Los Angeles: Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, University of California, Los Angeles 11 http://www.bostonfed.org/economic/ppb/2012/ppb123.pdf

21,000

22,000

23,000

24,000

25,000

26,000

27,000

28,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

110,000

120,000

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Part-tim

e C

ou

nt (T

ho

us

an

ds

)

35+

Ho

urs

Co

un

t (T

ho

us

an

ds

)

Full-Time vs. Part-Time Employment, U.S., Ages 25-54, 1995-2015

35+ hours Part timeSource: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics


Diversity

The diversity of the population of the joint metro region is one of its important attributes. As a growing cosmopolitan center, the region has a rich and diverse cultural environment that enhances quality of life for residents and newcomers. Workforce recruitment and retention is aided by regional cultural diversity. Likewise, area employers make workforce diversity a priority, with many local firms that are national examples. International migration into the joint metro region has been a characteristic of workforce growth of special significance over the past two decades. Immigrants from many regions of the world, many from Latin America, have been attracted to the economic opportunities this region has experienced. Growth in many sectors throughout the mid- to late 1990s and again in the mid-2000s resulted in rapid increase in population of foreign origin in much of the region, state and nation. A slowing and, in some cases, decline in numbers occurred over the course of the Great Recession. Particularly in Davidson County, a large influx of foreign-born population has transformed the composition of numerous industries and occupational groups. The construction, manufacturing, hospitality, retail and other sectors have relied substantially on immigrant workforce to meet demand. As an example, population of Hispanic origin was less than 1 percent of the Davidson County total in 1990 and rose to 9.9 percent by 2013. Other parts of the joint metro region have seen changes that were numerically less, but nevertheless important in defining new ways that population and workforce gains are experienced locally. At the same time, the joint metro region economy, like many, encounters immigrant workforce that fills roles in many levels of skills and in many occupations. The longstanding presence of many higher education options in the area prompts the presence of international students and scholars in sizable number, many of whom maintain direct or indirect ties with the area in careers locally and elsewhere. The military presence in the region, anchored at Ft. Campbell, creates another aspect of the international population that makes the area home temporarily or permanently. Then, of course, the growth of demand for information technology workforce has translated to a considerable reliance on a global workforce comprised of primary or secondary migrants to the area. Others in that area are U.S. residents whose heritages range throughout the world. Many facets of workforce diversity are associated with enrollments and completions from programs that involve skills matching demand for workers in the region. The diversity of a population by age, sex, race, ethnicity and other characteristics may be well or poorly represented in education and training programs suited for current or emerging changes in demand for skills in the job market. This research serves as one of those important foundations to further understanding of trends and opportunity to ensure a robust representation of population in the workforce. Additionally, identifying opportunity with most viable and successful careers can involve earnings levels, growth or change in number of job openings, paths to career advancement, abundance of a critical mass of similar occupations or employers in an area and many others. As an example, focus on middle-skills opportunities is one major step in pointing students and current workforce to a wide range of occupations with strong earning capacity, abundance of openings, and rapid training and job entry options. Contextualizing ways to communicate these opportunities to the workforce in general is important to generate needed supply of workers. Likewise, offering information and guidance to subsets of the population in relation to middle-skills opportunity can be useful in ensuring diversity of workers in key roles. As an example, national data show the comparatively high share of women and minority women in the low-wage workforce compared to the composition of the workforce as a whole in jobs by earnings.

Net Migration in Nashville MSA

Total net migration Intl. migration Domestic migration

2013-2014 23,922 4,039 19,883

2012-2013 21,438 3,463 17,975

2011-2012 18,663 3,728 14,935

2010-2011 12,338 3,015 9,323 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014

% of Foreign-Born in Joint Metro Region

2013 6.9%

2012 7.0%

2011 6.9%

2010 6.7%

2009 6.3% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013


The middle-skill job array also can benefit household earnings, either for single-earner or dual-income households. Data show that nationally, dual-earner households with children have experienced increase. The region is enhanced in either instance as more workers are attached to secure occupations with higher earnings, resulting in greater intergenerational mobility, area tax and consumer base strength and more rewarding jobs overall. The middle-skill job array also can benefit household earnings, either for single-earner or dual-income households. Data show that nationally, dual-earner households with children have experienced increase. The region is enhanced in either instance as more workers are attached to secure

occupations with higher earnings, resulting in greater intergenerational mobility, area tax and consumer base strength and more rewarding jobs overall. The contribution of international migration into the joint metro region over the past two decades has delivered a notable replenishing and growth of the area’s workforce. New population growth has derived substantially from the addition of new foreign-born residents and workers. Economic vitality and job gains in the region have served as key features in attracting both domestic and international migration. With an aging workforce and portending difficulty in filling jobs in various sectors, the reliance on all of the area’s population to meet employer job needs and to develop meaningful long-term career paths will become even more important. Integration of foreign-born populations into the economic and social life of the region has been a hallmark of policymakers in recent years. An array of programs, initiatives and policies have on balance directed action aimed at furthering immigrant integration. Facilitating career progression over time for the foreign-born and for all workers is an enhancement to the area’s economic and social well-being. An assessment of the foreign-born as a key component to sustaining the balance of workforce supply with demand recognizes many of the ways that this portion of the population is already highly engaged in the labor force. A few key elements provide an understanding of the compelling role of the foreign-born now and in the future for the joint metro region:

The foreign-born population in both the Clarksville and Nashville MSA’s is nearly twice as likely to be between the prime working-age of 25 to 44 years as the native born population of the region.

Foreign-born residents are more likely to hold graduate or professional degrees than native-born residents and both bachelor’s degree and high school completion levels are relatively comparable.

Labor force participation rates are higher for the foreign-born population than for the native-born population in the two MSAs.

Home ownership rates are high and rising for foreign-born population in the region, indicating an integration into communities and the region.

Vehicle ownership is relatively similar for native-born and foreign-born residents in the joint metro region, allowing for mobility within the context of travel in the area.

Foreign-born workers are significantly more likely to work in service occupations than native-born workers, with higher levels of representation in manufacturing, accommodation and food services and administrative and other service sectors.

2% 6%

70%

31%25%

60%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

1960 1980 2000 2012

The Rise in Dual-Income Households, U.S.% of married couples with children under 18

Only mother employed

Only father employed

Dual Income

Source: Pew Research Center analysis of the Decennial Census and American Community Surveys Integrated Public Use Microdated Sample files


Clarksville MSA Nashville MSA Total Native Foreign

born Total Native Foreign

born Total population 266,098 254,044 12,054 1,702,603 1,578,630 123,973 Under 5 years 8.80% 9.20% 0.30% 6.80% 7.20% 1.20% 5 to 17 years 18.80% 19.30% 7.10% 17.40% 18.00% 9.70% 18 to 24 years 12.50% 12.70% 8.30% 9.70% 9.60% 11.70% 25 to 44 years 29.80% 28.70% 51.20% 28.80% 27.20% 49.30% 45 to 54 years 11.70% 11.50% 14.70% 14.50% 14.50% 14.20% 55 to 64 years 9.10% 9.10% 10.50% 11.60% 11.90% 8.00% 65 to 74 years 5.40% 5.40% 5.10% 6.50% 6.70% 3.80% 75 to 84 years 2.80% 2.80% 2.40% 3.30% 3.50% 1.50% 85 years and over 1.00% 1.10% 0.40% 1.30% 1.40% 0.40% EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Population 25 years and over 159,253 149,094 10,159 1,125,329 1,029,533 95,796 Less than high school graduate 11.20% 10.70% 18.30% 12.70% 11.00% 31.10% High school graduate (includes equivalency) 32.50% 32.40% 33.10% 29.00% 29.40% 25.00% Some college or associate's degree 35.40% 36.10% 24.90% 27.60% 28.60% 16.80% Bachelor's degree 14.00% 13.90% 14.60% 20.20% 20.70% 15.00% Graduate or professional degree 7.00% 6.80% 9.10% 10.50% 10.40% 12.10% EMPLOYMENT STATUS Population 16 years and over 199,563 188,288 11,275 1,334,458 1,221,794 112,664 In labor force 65.10% 65.20% 64.10% 67.40% 66.90% 72.50% Civilian labor force 56.00% 55.80% 58.20% 67.30% 66.80% 72.40% Employed 49.70% 49.50% 53.40% 61.60% 61.10% 66.80% Unemployed 6.30% 6.30% 4.80% 5.70% 5.70% 5.60% Civilian employed population 16 years and over 99,190 93,168 6,022 821,841 746,538 75,303 OCCUPATION Management, business, science, and arts occupations 30.40% 30.20% 32.80% 37.60% 38.70% 26.20% Service occupations 18.10% 17.70% 24.80% 15.90% 15.00% 24.90% Sales and office occupations 25.40% 25.80% 20.30% 26.60% 27.80% 14.90% Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 9.80% 9.90% 8.00% 8.20% 7.10% 19.20% Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 16.20% 16.40% 14.00% 11.70% 11.40% 14.80% INDUSTRY Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 1.80% 1.80% 2.40% 0.70% 0.60% 1.60% Construction 5.90% 5.90% 4.80% 6.40% 5.50% 15.30% Manufacturing 12.90% 12.80% 13.60% 9.80% 9.60% 12.00% Wholesale trade 2.00% 2.00% 1.80% 3.20% 3.30% 2.30% Retail trade 13.70% 13.60% 16.30% 11.90% 12.30% 8.80% Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 4.50% 4.60% 3.50% 5.00% 5.20% 2.90% Information 1.80% 1.80% 0.80% 2.80% 3.00% 1.30% Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 4.70% 4.90% 2.20% 6.90% 7.30% 3.40% Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services

7.80% 7.60% 10.80% 10.60% 10.50% 11.50%

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 22.90% 23.10% 20.30% 23.00% 23.70% 15.70% Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services

9.20% 8.90% 13.50% 10.00% 9.30% 16.80%

Other services (except public administration) 4.30% 4.20% 5.50% 5.20% 5.00% 6.50% Public administration 8.50% 8.80% 4.50% 4.50% 4.80% 1.80% Occupied housing units 95,860 91,316 4,544 645,758 599,501 46,257 Owner-occupied housing units 60.10% 60.20% 57.00% 66.50% 67.90% 48.30% Renter-occupied housing units 39.90% 39.80% 43.00% 33.50% 32.10% 51.70% VEHICLES AVAILABLE 1 or more 94.50% 94.60% 93.30% 94.70% 94.70% 95.30% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013


Veterans The engagement of veterans and persons exiting from military service plays an important role in fulfilling workforce supply needs for the Joint Metro Region. This is especially important since the largest single occupational group in the combined Nashville MSA and Clarksville MSA is the one comprising all military, occupations based on SOC (Standard Occupational Classification). The number of persons in military occupations in the 17 county region, for example, equates to more than twice the number of all accountants in the two MSAs combined, more than twice the number of all registered nurses and more than all technology, architecture and engineering occupations combined. There is also evidence of hiring of former military personnel within the area through migration of population from Montgomery County to other parts of the region. Montgomery County is a net supplier of in-migration to the Nashville MSA (about 1,500 persons annually). The largest recipient counties are Davidson (662 in the most recent year), Rutherford (385), followed by Robertson, Cheatham and Dickson. This is one indication that population from Montgomery (28% of Clarksville MSA employment is military) finds job opportunity throughout Middle Tennessee and provides an important source of skilled workforce for the larger region. The Clarksville MSA’s employment is comprised of a 28% share in the military, highlighting the important ongoing role which veterans and exiting military can provide as a workforce resource. The technical skills and experience associated with many military occupations, along with the valuable intangibles of strong work ethic from those with military background, offers many opportunities for key industries and occupational groups in the entire region. Continued attention to the overall size and impact of the federal military as part of the Joint Metro Region workforce is important for many reasons. The military share of personal income in the combined Nashville MSA and Clarksville MSA is $3.2 billion or almost 4% of total personal income. This represents, for example, a larger share of income than any from any of the following sectors: tourism/hospitality, education, arts, real estate, Information, transportation, wholesale trade, nondurable manufacturing, or management of companies. Considering the top occupations for military exits across Tennessee provides an opportunity to assess what growth trends those may see in the Nashville MSA. Occupations in order of military exits, along with current postings by top employers, help illustrate the opportunity for those with highest counts of military exits, highest current job count and highest annual openings projected. Out of the top 50 occupations:

26 are projected to have above-average growth over the next five years 27 have above-average median earnings Nearly one-quarter (10) of the occupations have a minimum educational requirement of a bachelor’s degree


Description Annual Military

Exits (TN) 2015 Jobs

Median Hourly Earnings

2020 Jobs

2015 - 2020 Change

2015 - 2020% Change

Annual Openings

Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers 144 15,990 $17.63 16,862 872 5.50% 449 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 124 718 $23.79 766 48 6.70% 30 Stock clerks and order fillers 123 17,100 $11.07 17,255 155 0.90% 631 Police and sheriff's patrol officers 119 4,091 $20.87 4,366 275 6.70% 190 Automotive service technicians and mechanics 105 4,497 $16.07 4,808 311 6.90% 186 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 96 2,159 $14.54 2,453 294 13.60% 124

Cooks, institution and cafeteria 86 3,012 $11.34 3,228 216 7.20% 107 Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 69 908 $17.97 930 22 2.40% 30

First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 64 3,455 $26.90 3,641 186 5.40% 134

Avionics technicians 54 54 $23.32 62 8 14.80% 3

Construction and related Workers, all other 46 107 $18.19 120 13 12.10% 5

Hazardous materials removal workers 40 166 $16.07 188 22 13.30% 8

Computer operators 35 812 $19.56 774 -38 -4.70% 8

Commercial pilots 35 169 $24.06 196 27 16.00% 11 Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers 34 113 $17.61 125 12 10.60% 4

General and operations managers 33 15,722 $40.32 16,692 970 6.20% 499

Interpreters and translators 33 293 $18.80 357 64 21.80% 17 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment 30 429 $23.94 447 18 4.20% 13

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 28 2,068 $19.70 2,185 117 5.70% 70

Human resources managers 27 1,006 $38.11 1,084 78 7.80% 43

Medical and health services managers 26 3,051 $40.73 3,290 239 7.80% 126

Human resources specialists 24 2,593 $25.93 2,756 163 6.30% 82

Management analysts 24 3,402 $32.14 3,739 337 9.90% 123

Supervisors of construction and extraction workers 22 2,824 $25.95 3,109 285 10.10% 89

Managers, all other 18 1,946 $36.68 2,051 105 5.40% 65

Logisticians 18 727 $29.60 817 90 12.40% 27

Registered nurses 17 19,962 $28.41 21,578 1,616 8.10% 736

Medical records and health information technicians 17 1,765 $15.02 1,915 150 8.50% 80 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 17 853 $16.34 908 55 6.40% 26

Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 15 1,154 $32.48 1,204 50 4.30% 37

Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 15 892 $18.20 939 47 5.30% 36

Office clerks, general 14 20,834 $14.38 21,792 958 4.60% 660

Brick masons and block masons 14 315 $19.07 435 120 38.10% 29 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers 14 1,648 $20.13 1,670 22 1.30% 42

Cartographers and photogrammetrists 13 68 $22.19 75 7 10.30% 3

Musicians and singers 13 2,647 $26.76 2,704 57 2.20% 86

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 13 4,945 $14.86 5,067 122 2.50% 170

Industrial machinery mechanics 13 2,396 $26.76 2,561 165 6.90% 110

Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 13 145 $40.16 146 1 0.70% 5

Air traffic controllers 12 101 $56.24 104 3 3.00% 5

Occupational health and safety specialists 11 364 $28.48 387 23 6.30% 15 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers 11 2,647 $20.09 2,930 283 10.70% 129

Machinists 11 2,419 $20.05 2,504 85 3.50% 83

Source: EMSI 2015, Chmura JobsEQ 2015

Occupations Most Accessed by Individuals Exiting Military, Tennessee


Youth Employing young people offers a region many advantages for introducing and retaining those individuals into in-area career paths. At the same time, career launches among youth and young adults are highly correlated with lifetime earnings trajectories. The Great Recession was a period where employers could be – and were – highly selective in hiring, and young, less experienced workers often were least able to be competitive for limited openings. Some research suggests a lasting impact this environment may impose on an age cohort who, in the economic downturn, perceived employers as less willing to maintain a loyalty or openness to their career launches. It was also a time of reordering social relationships, with many youth remaining at home longer or returning to parents’ homes due to meager job prospects. The picture of 2015 has improved markedly, particularly in the joint metro region12.Still, there remain important areas of opportunity for employment and skills development. Particularly among minority youth, there are significantly higher levels of unemployment than among non-minority youth13. In the joint metro region, unemployment rate for young African-Americans remains at more than 11 percent. Skills beyond high school level most sought by employers are found less in this population, placing them at ongoing disadvantage regarding employability and earning capacity. While systemic policy solutions form part of the continuum of prescribed need, the issues of skills development and proximity and access to jobs are key workforce considerations. The demand side of workforce relative to skills has altered tremendously in recent years, while the supply side of minority youth with commensurate skills has languished. While improvement in numbers of those with marketable skills and education has risen, minority youth levels lag those of other populations and the rapidity of change occurring skills requirements. Careful attention to greater precision in preparing minority youth for employment is needed, as is a more holistic approach to systemic barriers. As one example, a strong emphasis on obtaining a GED may be inadequate for job readiness, as research shows that GED recipients are no better off in the labor market than high school dropouts who lack a GED14. Beyond this, fostering job opportunities that focus on increased job security, reducing uncertainty of work schedules and hours and curtailing the amount of contingent work roles are all means to strengthen youth employment that can transition and prepare youth for careers as well as bolster earnings15. Granovetter’s longstanding research16 has pointed to the “strength of weak ties” as a concept from sociology developed out of job seeking. Individuals often prove most successful in job searches through contacts that are not close family, friends or associates, but rather those with whom they have a more distant and occasional interaction. The nature of awareness of opportunity is likely to be shared and similar within more closed and familiar groups. When individuals achieve contact with outsiders with different knowledge of job markets and different contact networks, wider job market knowledge occurs. For youth, achieving these types of “weak-tie” contacts can be challenging, particularly for those with socioeconomic disadvantages or familiarity with reaching those contacts. Certainly, educational settings from K-12 through postsecondary levels are prime instruments for 12 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11587.pdf 13 http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000097-Expanding-Economic-Opportunity-for-Boys-and-Young-Men-of-Color-through-Employment-and-Training-1.pdf 14Heckman, James, and Tim Kautz. 2014. “Achievement Tests and the Role of Character in American Life.” In The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life, edited by James J. Heckman, John Erick Humphries, and Tim Kautz, 3–56. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 15 http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/412086-Improving-Education-and-Employment-for-Disadvantaged-Young-Men.PDF 16Granovetter, Mark. 1995. Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

36.6%

25.7%28.4%

9.2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Millenial Gen X Boomer Silent

Generational Cohorts, Joint Metro Region, 2013


Millennials are less likely to have a

landline telephone. Forty-one percent

of Millennials have only a cell phone,

compared to 24 percent of Gen X, 13

percent of Boomers and 5 percent of

the Silent Generation.

Millennials are almost six times as

likely to use a wireless Internet

connection (62 percent) as the Silent

Generation (11 percent). Almost half

of Gen X (48 percent) uses wireless

Internet, and more than 1/3 of

Boomers use it (35 percent).


not only adding skills and job readiness, but also for introducing youth to wider understanding of employment options. As often cited, the economic imperatives are important for youth to pursue higher levels of education. Considering youth as an opportunity set for filling workforce supply is meaningful in a narrow context for occupations they may be prepared for. However, considering youth as a paramount opportunity set for regional workforce supply makes greatest sense in relation to their active involvement in education during the years of their youth. The opportunity set for those guiding youth entry into workforce will be a flexible and adaptable means of interacting, where this population’s preferences for information gathering and communication often differ markedly from other age cohorts.

Only six percent of the Silent

Generation has a social networking

profile, while 30 percent of Boomers,

50 percent of Gen Xers and 73 percent

of Millennials have one.


Senior Population No more profound change in U.S. demographic change in the current period will occur than the aging of the nation’s population. The retirement of Baby Boomers will transform everything about American life in tangible and intangible ways. Astute employers are developing strategies to cope with these changes that will ultimately impact workforce in very notable ways. The brain drain in the workforce is a real and important facet of work in many businesses in the joint metro region17. The population pyramids provide a ready way to assess the magnitude of change In the demographics of the Joint Metro Region within just a short period of time. These pyramids illustrate the share of male and female population by age cohorts for 2000, 2015 and 2030 and highlight the rapid reshaping of the composition of the area’s population in a span of one generation. The period 2015 to 2020 will be an especially critical period in the transition with large numbers of persons entering or approaching retirement age. By the 2020s and on to 2030 many more persons will have exited the local labor force through retirement while replacement levels of younger workers will be constitute much smaller shares of the population and will even be less numerous in absolute terms.

17Workforce Crisis: how to beat the coming shortage of skills and talent, Ken Dychtwald, Tamara J. Erickson, Robert Morison. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006

5% 0% 5%

Ages 85+

Ages 80-84

Ages 75-79

Ages 70-74

Ages 65-69

Ages 60-64

Ages 55-59

Ages 50-54

Ages 45-49

Ages 40-44

Ages 35-39

Ages 30-34

Ages 25-29

Ages 20-24

Ages 15-19

Ages 10-14

Ages 5-9

Ages 0-4

Population Composition, Joint Metro Region (2000)

Male FemaleSource: REMI, 2015

5% 0% 5%

Ages 85+

Ages 80-84

Ages 75-79

Ages 70-74

Ages 65-69

Ages 60-64

Ages 55-59

Ages 50-54

Ages 45-49

Ages 40-44

Ages 35-39

Ages 30-34

Ages 25-29

Ages 20-24

Ages 15-19

Ages 10-14

Ages 5-9

Ages 0-4

Population Composition, Joint Metro Region (2015)


5% 0% 5%

Ages 85+

Ages 80-84

Ages 75-79

Ages 70-74

Ages 65-69

Ages 60-64

Ages 55-59

Ages 50-54

Ages 45-49

Ages 40-44

Ages 35-39

Ages 30-34

Ages 25-29

Ages 20-24

Ages 15-19

Ages 10-14

Ages 5-9

Ages 0-4

Population Composition, Joint Metro Region(2030)



Disability In the joint metro region there are slightly over 43,000 persons with a disability that are employed in the area with 26,100 working full-time, year-round. Meanwhile, there are just over 10,000 persons locally with a disability that are unemployed but active in the labor force. The opportunity to train individuals in skills for much needed occupations is one source of meeting workforce supply needs. In the critical shortages of workers in some fields and as are projected to increase in the years ahead, investment in training for persons with disabilities can represent an important component of solution for middle skills jobs and other roles. National data from the U.S. Department of Labor point to a number of important patterns and trends for employment of persons with disabilities:

People with disabilities are somewhat overrepresented in slower-growing occupations, which lowers their projected employment growth rate,

People with disabilities are underrepresented in 16 of the top 20 fastest-growing occupations nationally, but are overrepresented in the fastest-growing occupation of “personal and home care aides”

People with disabilities are overrepresented in 17 of the top 20 fastest-declining occupations

The top 20 occupations with the greatest numerical job growth for people with disabilities tend to be low-paying (except secretaries, registered nurses, carpenters, postsecondary teachers, and LPN’s)

There is nonetheless substantial potential for job growth among people with disabilities in well-paying occupations over the coming decade.

Much job growth is in occupations where computer use is important. The rapid development of new computer and information technologies has particular benefits for many people with disabilities by helping overcome specific physical and cognitive limitations, and significantly increasing the workplace productivity of people with disabilities.

Technology and corporate policies are also creating more possibilities for home-based and other flexible work arrangements that can especially benefit people with disabilities who deal with transportation difficulties and medical concerns.

The greatest job growth in well-paying occupations (exceeding the median wage) for people with disabilities without a college degree will be among secretaries, carpenters, and bookkeepers. For those with a college degree, the greatest job growth will be among registered nurses, postsecondary teachers, and general and operations managers. Many people with disabilities have the education for these new jobs. Research also shows substantial job growth in occupations where many disabilities are likely to be irrelevant—for example, occupations where psychomotor and physical abilities have low or no importance.

The disabled population represents an important opportunity set for workforce supply in a region20. Many local and governmental organizations provide resources and support to foster greater engagement with disabled persons as workers. The Employer Assistance and Resource Network is a service of the U.S. Department of Labor established to connect employers with job candidates. Others include the Department of Defense's Workforce Recruitment Program and the vocational rehabilitation programs of the Department of Veterans Affairs and of Tennessee21.

20 http://www.nber.org/papers/w8578.pdf 21http://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/fact/connect.htm)


http://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/fact/connect.htm

Entrepreneurship Levels of self-employment in the Nashville MSA are much higher than those in the nation as a whole. Key industries have originated in the region as entrepreneurial development, particularly health care management and music and entertainment. Data, available in five-year spans from Census sources, show growth in self-employment over the past two decades in the joint metro region. A considerable increase in self-employment activity occurred between 2003 and 2008, perhaps relating to elements of onset of economic downturn and shift to part-time employment already cited, as well as the dynamic of opportunity which the region historically held for entrepreneurship. Interestingly, mean proprietor income also fell substantially between 2003 and 2008, indicating a likely factor of added competition in certain fields as well as effects of the downturn itself. By 2013, self-employment levels in the area had exceeded those of 2008, and associated incomes largely matched or exceeded the earlier 2003 levels.

18.4%19.5%

21.8% 22.6%

18.7%20.0%

22.4% 23.2%

15.3% 16.0% 16.8% 17.2%18.5%

19.6%21.9%

23.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

1998 2003 2008 2013

Self-Employed Workers, 1998-2013

Joint Metro Region Nashville MSA Clarksville MSA TennesseeSource: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

$48,207

$58,101

$44,613

$55,720$50,289

$46,762

$57,642

$27,790 $28,625$22,856

$35,232

$43,124 $43,826

$32,143

$39,779

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

1998 2003 2008 2013

Proprietor Income, 1998-2013

Joint Metro Region Nashville MSA Clarksville MSA TennesseeSource: U.S. Bureau of Econonomic Analysis


Nashville is home to more than 147,000 businesses classified as “non-employers.” These are businesses with no paid employees and typically are unincorporated businesses or persons working as contract workers. The professional services sector comprises 14 percent of this segment of the region’s workforce, with a total of 20,780 non-employers. This is followed by construction workers at 11.4 percent, or 16,842 non-employers.

Non-employers By MSA

Industry code description Establishments

Atlanta Austin Charlotte Denver Indianapolis Kansas City Louisville Memphis Nashville Raleigh Tampa

Total 521,102

158,665

172,530

228,988

129,587

137,259

82,071

105,730

147,628

91,107

224,508

Forestry, fishing, hunting & agriculture support

1,365

590

601

796

605

679

518

347

787

408

1,359

Mining 75

2,430

34

2,125

82

585

31

20

41

14

56

Utilities 313

134

117

101

91

84

69

43

65

69

143

Construction 54,469

17,100

18,423

24,026

14,176

14,477

9,195

9,753

16,842

9,359

19,110

Manufacturing 5,925

2,349

2,591

3,155

1,669

1,863

1,033

1,129

1,765

1,094

3,026

Wholesale trade 8,614

2,230

3,325

3,777

2,059

2,454

1,365

1,460

2,298

1,412

4,412

Retail trade 37,070

10,650

14,282

17,468

11,098

12,655

7,080

7,607

12,017

7,088

17,845

Transportation & warehousing

24,670

5,213

7,764

8,543

6,205

4,791

3,832

4,366

6,035

3,128

10,464

Information 8,027

3,554

2,252

4,124

1,873

2,025

984

962

3,370

1,580

3,188

Finance & insurance 13,910

4,829

5,626

9,452

4,510

5,477

2,607

2,880

4,429

2,935

8,074

Real estate & rental & leasing

46,087

17,655

18,361

28,354

14,136

15,796

10,088

6,974

13,268

11,070

24,599

Professional, scientific & technical services

74,389

31,829

22,376

42,996

17,919

20,080

10,459

10,122

20,780

16,196

28,953

Admin, support, waste mgt., remediation services

59,888

12,986

18,770

17,029

11,566

11,533

7,680

12,097

13,756

7,863

25,498

Educational services 14,801

5,468

4,525

7,099

3,931

3,798

2,082

2,421

3,716

3,434

4,942

Health care & social assistance

41,465

10,037

12,090

16,394

10,068

10,760

5,941

11,450

9,420

6,447

19,464

Arts, entertainment & recreation

26,261

11,355

9,198

13,080

7,195

8,053

4,795

4,775

15,503

5,097

10,478

Accommodation & food services

8,809

2,327

2,373

2,410

1,379

1,511

991

2,477

2,029

1,116

3,469

Other services (except public administration)

94,964

17,929

29,822

28,059

21,025

20,638

13,321

26,847

21,507

12,797

39,428


Middle Skills Focus and Importance Research suggests that nearly half of new job openings from 2010 through 2020 will be in middle-skill occupations in areas such as computer technology, nursing and advanced manufacturing22. Other studies note importantly that supply of workers for those roles will come largely from the existing workforce, stating, “The fact is that nearly two-thirds of the people who will be in New York’s workforce in the year 2025 were already working adults in 2010—long past the traditional high school-to-college pipeline.23” Currently, the Nashville MSA ranks sixth in the nation among large metropolitan areas for middle-skill job density. In comparison, Nashville outranks many other peer large MSAs, including Atlanta, Austin, Denver, Kansas City, Raleigh and Tampa for middle-skill employment. Forecast data indicate that middle-skills jobs are increasing as a share of total employment in the joint metro region through 2020. Middle-skill jobs are projected to continue growth in the joint metro region through 2020. Rising from slightly more than a quarter of all jobs in 2010 to nearly a third of the total by 2020, this occupational set demonstrates the largest single class of jobs by skill type with a growth trend and cohort that is this large and consistent. Not surprisingly,

rapid growth between 2011 and 2014 corresponded to the early upsurge in overall job growth in the region. Recovery in several sectors reliant on middle skills and those workers saw remarkable increases to resupply from hiring shortfalls in the recession, aging worker cohorts in some instances, and outright

heightened demand through new business growth in the area. Manufacturing and distribution sector growth in the joint metro region has demonstrated renewed vitality of this sector. Health care services growth, a continuous feature of an aging society, is another industry where middle skills demands are high. Together manufacturing, construction, distribution and healthcare account forr58.2% of middle skills employment and point to strong growth patterns through 2020 along with ongoing serious needs to replenish workforce in critical occupations. A key concern with middle-skill workforce in the joint metro region remains sustaining the needed supply of workers. Currently one in five middle-skill workers in the area is age 55 or over. A sizable number of middle skills occupations are in short supply of workers. Manufacturing, construction and other firms all point to existing and growing shortages in jobs that are chronically difficult to fill. Implications of shortages in middle-skill occupations include pressure on wages, loss or delay of business activity or delivery, or impacts on work quality or productivity within existing staffing24 25.

When faced with jobs that consistently present challenges in finding sufficient candidates for hiring, employers attempt a variety of responses. Since middle-skill workers typically come from local areas, recruitment from outside the area is uncommon and in many cases not easily achieved, except with certain occupations or with unusual conditions in place. The region will succeed best in filling many middle-skill roles by employer-based or -sponsored training, close alignment of institutional programs and curricula with current and emerging need, and promotion of

22Who Can Fix the "Middle-Skills" Gap? by Thomas Kochan, David Finegold, and Paul Osterman. Harvard Business Review December 2012 23New York’s Forgotten Middle-Skill Jobs2 report 24http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/displaced-jacobson-lalaonde-sullivan/11_displaced_jls_paper.pdf 25http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/1001381-Is-the-Middle-of-the-Job-Market-Disappearing-A-comment-on-the-quot-Polarization-quot-Hypothesis.PDF

Middle-Skills Jobs, Joint Metro Region, 2010-2020

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

275,858 282,962 293,536 304,010 313,649 317,396 320,851 324,138 327,309 330,150 335,205 Source: EMSI 2015

Over the past decade,

growth in middle-skills

jobs has been more than

3.5 times the national

average, at 9.6 percent.

287 occupations

317,000 middle-skill jobs (2015)

31.4% of total area jobs

Median earnings of $20.00/hour


http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2011/11/displaced-jacobson-lalaonde-sullivan/11_displaced_jls_paper.pdf

http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/1001381-Is-the-Middle-of-the-Job-Market-Disappearing-A-comment-on-the-quot-Polarization-quot-Hypothesis.PDF

http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/1001381-Is-the-Middle-of-the-Job-Market-Disappearing-A-comment-on-the-quot-Polarization-quot-Hypothesis.PDF

nontraditional, short-term and ongoing training settings. Hybrid approaches that combine content training delivered internally with external training on leadership or other skills are a good approach. Many middle-skill occupations are highly oriented to STEM fields26 27. The priority emphasis on incorporating STEM components across the curriculum in K-12 education and in bolstering STEM programs in postsecondary settings is critical to ensuring current and future demands for workforce are met. STEM opportunities also provide an important mechanism for engaging specific subpopulations such as veterans with transferrable skills, women and others who historically have not been well represented in STEM-related fields, and retraining individuals in "encore" careers where strong soft skills benefit a STEM-role. Projections for a net gain of over 30,000 middle skill jobs in the Joint Metro Region in the next five years highlight the importance of preparing existing workers and new graduates in STEM fields combined with other and expanded job skills. Middle-skill occupations in the joint metro region represent a wide diversity across industries, as mirrors the regional economy’s diversity. Three leading sectors, health care management, advanced manufacturing and logistics account for a large share of the middle-skill occupations in the area. In each of these, the joint metro region has a large and unique assortment of firms, which together account for a quarter of the total workforce. The aging of the middle-skill workforce in these very jobs presents a serious issue for companies and for the region. While middle-skill occupations are present in many industries in fields such as support and sales, cross-industry hiring for specific roles in health care, manufacturing and logistics is not always feasible. The high concentration of middle skill jobs in these sectors, often in one of every five or six employees, indicates that a dire need is emerging to train an adequate supply for these three sectors to remain highly successful.

26Jonathan Rothwell. The Hidden STEM Economy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2013 27http://www.jff.org/sites/default/files/publications/materials/STEM-Reflective-100914.pdf

260,000

280,000

300,000

320,000

340,000

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Jobs

Historical and Projected Middle-Skills Jobs, Joint Metro Region, 2010-2020

Source: EMSI, 2015

2%

2%

2%

3%

3%

3%

5%

7%

8%

12%

14%

17%

17%

0% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20%

Business and Financial OccupationsComputer Occupations

Food Preparation OccupationsManagement Occupations

Protectivion OccupationsHealthcare Support Occupations

Construction OccupationsTransportation Occupations

Sales OccupationsInstallation and Repair Occupations

Healthcare Practitioners OccupationsOffice and Administrative Occupations

Production Occupations

Percentage middle skills

Middle Skills Jobs by OccupationJoint Metro Region, 2015

Source: EMSI, 2015


http://www.jff.org/sites/default/files/publications/materials/STEM-Reflective-100914.pdf

23,089

22,357

21,978

20,435

18,188

14,755

14,226

14,076

12,225

11,569

9,077

8,170

5,676

5,222

5,118

Ambulatory Health Care Services

Hospitals

Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Local Government

Administrative and Support Services

Specialty Trade Contractors

Professional, Scientific, and Technical…

State Government

Insurance Carriers and Related Activities

Truck Transportation

Merchant Wholesalers, Durable Goods

Food Services and Drinking Places

Federal Government

Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers

Real Estate

Top Industries for Middle Skills Jobs, Joint Metro Region, 2015

Source: EMSI, 2015

41.4 percent of

production,

transportation,

construction and

maintenance jobs are

middle-skill occupations.

16.8 percent of health

care occupations are

middle-skill occupations.

25.2 percent of admin

and sales occupations

are middle-skill

occupations.

More than half of the

jobs within the hospital

industry are middle-

skill.

One out of five middle-

skill workers (19.7%)

are 55 or older.

Nashville ranks sixth in

the nation for middle-

skill job density


The importance of middle skills groups of occupations cannot be overstated as a focal area for activity directed to maintaining a balance of workforce supply and demand. Middle skills as a cluster of occupations represent a superabundant set of jobs for the joint metro region. Location quotients for middle skills, which indicate a presence greater than one would expect to find in a region of this size, illustrate this high abundance of middle skills jobs within total area employment. Healthcare, manufacturing and logistics sectors comprise particularly large number of overall jobs in middle skills for this region. Further, the urgency of attention to filling these roles is twofold with high value of those industries to the overall economy and with the disproportionate representation of older workers in those industries. Healthcare as the region’s largest collective industry and manufacturing as a primary industry contributing to the regional economy are both sectors of critical importance. Likewise, information technology, with many middle skills roles is located within many of the area’s major industries and therefore also plays a critical economic role. Enhancing opportunity and incentive for many groups to enter middle skill roles should continue to be a priority for the joint metro region. Additional attention to recruiting and retaining women, veterans, older workers, young persons and persons with disabilities is important to sustain this very large group of occupations.

56.9%

43.1%

Gender Distribution for Middle Skills Jobs, Joint Metro Region

Males

Females

Source: EMSI, 2014

0.3%

6.9%

22.2%

24.8%26.0%

16.0%

3.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Age Distribution of Middle-Skills Jobs, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Location Quotient Comparison for Middle-Skills Jobs by MSA

Source: EMSI, 2015


Occupations Meeting Educational Requirement But Not Earnings Threshold for Middle Skills, Joint Metro Region, 2015

Description 2015 Jobs

Median Hourly

Earnings Typical Entry-Level Education

Nursing assistants 8,577 $12.04 Postsecondary non-degree award

Teacher assistants 6,184 $10.15 Some college, no degree

Preschool teachers, except special education 4,054 $11.34 Associate degree

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 3,000 $12.61 High school diploma or equivalent

Correctional officers and jailers 2,882 $13.58 High school diploma or equivalent

Hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists 1,867 $12.02 Postsecondary non-degree award

Phlebotomists 1,185 $11.44 Postsecondary non-degree award

Helpers--installation, maintenance and repair workers 839 $11.69 High school diploma or equivalent

Tax preparers 786 $12.32 High school diploma or equivalent

Highway maintenance workers 761 $13.61 High school diploma or equivalent

More than 36,000 jobs could be considered middle-

skill, but are not meeting the wage threshold of

$13.68 median hourly wage. Among these are:

Teaching assistants or preschool teachers (28.3

percent)

Nursing assistants or phlebotomists (26.9 percent)


Supply/Demand Balance Understanding Supply and Demand of Workforce

This research provides an important step in portraying the way the region’s workforce supply and demand interact. With more than 1 million workers in some 40,000 businesses, there is a great deal of activity at any given time in job creation, hiring, retirement and all the other factors that contribute to its function. While maintaining a relative balance of workers equipped for the jobs retained and created over five years is vital to this or any region, the tasks to achieve this balance are varied and often require long time periods and sometimes produce results at odds with one another or changed market conditions. The ability to manage systemic change- that related to demographic and technological shifts – while cyclical change is ever present in an economy, compounds the challenge of training facilities and workers themselves to make sound, rational decisions about emerging needs and opportunities. Significant losses in jobs during the Great Recession intervened in the ongoing systemic patterns of aging workforce and greater technological skill requirements and thereby created uncertainty and considerable upheaval to a more orderly approach to maintaining a balance, or equilibrium of supply and demand of workers. While final clarity will remain lacking to the outcomes of economic patterns through 2020, the assumptions of this research operate foremost in addressing systemic changes. The region’s response to an aging workforce and to increasing skills requirements ultimately will persist during and beyond any business cycles that heighten or lessen demand for certain industries and occupations. At the same time, the relative competitive position of the region as a generator of new employment must be considered. Since the 1990s, and especially over the most recent years, the Joint Metro Region has achieved a high reputation for growth in industries and occupations of greater diversity and range of skills than once was the case. This research also must rely on best judgments that continuing efforts in business retention, expansion and overall quality of place and life will result in strong, sustained employment levels and growth. Above all, assessing paths to addressing balance of worker supply and demand must focus on the fundamentals of how this or any labor market operates. In large measure, the participants in a region’s labor force and employment pool are the same individuals from year to year. Relatively small incremental change occurs year by year through entry and exit of workers in a region. In times of economic decline, and when the share of workers ready for retirement becomes larger than usual, the number of exits may rise. Conversely, economic growth may cause more persons to become part of a regional workforce because of a real or perceived new level of opportunity. This would include more students remaining in an area for work, more discouraged workers reentering the labor force, and potentially more individuals relocating to a region for a job. Altogether, these annual additions to an overall labor force account for around 5 percent or less. In that regard, it can take decades to see a complete turnover of the individuals present in a regional labor force.


Projected Total Net Openings by Occupation Category, Joint Metro Region 2015 - 2020

Occupation 2015 Jobs

2015 - 2020

Change

Total Net Openings

Annual Net

Openings Office and Administrative Support Occupations 168,144 8,572 29,443 5,889

Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 87,724 4,691 22,592 4,518

Sales and Related Occupations 97,648 5,641 22,074 4,415

Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 78,094 3,709 14,299 2,860

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 62,593 5,963 12,865 2,573

Production Occupations 71,991 (812) 10,684 2,137

Education, Training, and Library Occupations 52,358 4,046 10,036 2,007

Management Occupations 58,317 3,165 9,450 1,890

Business and Financial Operations Occupations 47,859 3,869 9,348 1,870

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 39,970 2,589 7,759 1,552

Construction and Extraction Occupations 29,615 3,099 5,982 1,196

Healthcare Support Occupations 26,749 3,007 5,818 1,164

Personal Care and Service Occupations 26,070 2,682 5,771 1,154

Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 28,592 2,031 5,196 1,039

Protective Service Occupations 20,721 1,701 4,576 915

Military occupations 37,019 159 4,510 902

Computer and Mathematical Occupations 22,631 1,995 4,053 811

Community and Social Service Occupations 14,983 1,204 3,047 609

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 14,950 480 2,666 533

Architecture and Engineering Occupations 12,511 532 2,200 440

Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 5,139 411 1,242 248

Legal Occupations 6,085 301 816 163

Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 2,045 42 364 73

Total 1,011,807 59,079 194,789 38,958


Customer Service RepresentativesRegistered Nurses*

Office Clerks, GeneralAccountants and Auditors

Team Assemblers*General and Operations Managers

Secretaries and Administrative AssistantsHeavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers*

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Workers*Elementary School Teachers

Nursing Assistants*Receptionists and Information Clerks

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers*Childcare Workers

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General*Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks*

Security GuardsSales Representatives, Services

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing*Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses*

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers*Teacher Assistants

Postsecondary TeachersSecondary School Teachers

Bill and Account Collectors*Medical Assistants*

TellersInsurance Sales Agents*

Preschool TeachersPolice and Sheriff’s Patrol Officers*

Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics*Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks

Financial ManagersBilling and Posting Clerks

Computer Systems AnalystsSales Representatives, Technical and Scientific Products

Middle School TeachersLight Truck or Delivery Services Drivers

Computer User Support Specialists*Business Operations Specialists

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers*Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers*Electricians*

Medical and Health Services ManagersEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics*

Management AnalystsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians*

Pharmacy Technicians*Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants*

Occupation

20,33519,96220,83412,03617,14415,72216,22515,99011,6388,9848,5777,4238,6236,68710,15512,6267,2045,7007,2036,4685,9296,1846,6606,4535,1195,3933,7125,6744,0544,0914,4974,9455,6184,1984,1954,8033,8635,4253,7695,0893,4553,0222,6473,1343,0512,1593,4022,4663,9037,658

2015 Jobs

Net Openings

Openings Percent Change

Percent Growth

Percent Replacement


4,5583,6803,3013,0382,6422,4962,3032,2452,2191,7481,6461,5821,5631,5611,5551,5061,4621,3931,3521,3501,3391,2561,2451,2421,2201,1831,0501,038964952929848811799790778762719715677668667643633631619617598595586

22%18%16%25%15%16%14%14%19%19%19%21%18%23%15%12%20%24%19%21%23%20%19%19%24%22%28%18%24%23%21%17%14%19%19%16%20%13%19%13%19%22%24%20%21%29%18%24%15%8%

8%8%5%10%3%6%7%5%7%8%9%7%6%8%5%7%11%10%8%8%7%8%11%5%9%11%2%6%9%7%7%2%5%9%10%6%8%5%10%6%5%15%11%9%8%14%10%10%10%0%

14%10%11%16%13%10%7%9%12%12%10%14%12%15%10%5%9%15%10%13%15%12%8%14%15%10%27%13%15%17%14%15%10%10%8%10%12%9%9%7%14%7%14%11%13%15%8%14%5%7%

$14.27$28.41$14.38$29.54$16.57$40.32$14.63$17.63$23.14$22.14$12.04$13.57$17.08$9.30$17.38$17.21$10.74$23.22$23.44$18.94$13.87$10.15$24.81$22.57$15.40$14.87$12.33$20.41$11.34$20.87$16.07$14.86$47.00$16.89$32.16$28.16$21.99$13.77$19.69$24.41$26.90$23.49$20.09$21.49$40.73$14.54$32.14$16.32$13.91$19.74

Top 50 High Demand Occupations, Joint Metro Region, 2015-2020Source: EMSI, 2015

* denotes middle skill occupation

bolded earnings are above median hourly wage

$00.00

High school diploma or equivalent



Associate degree

Bachelor’s degree

Doctoral or professional degree

Typical Entry Level Education


In terms of overall job postings in the current marketplace for the region, health care and social assistance jobs far and away dominate the list. Many of the other sectors’ postings relatively correspond to those sectors’ share of overall employment in the region. The method of solicitation for job candidates, of course, varies widely by industry and occupation so that there may be some jobs which are difficult to fill but which typically gain candidates through other means of communication such as word-of-mouth, job fairs, on-site recruitment at specific locations, or use of flyers or specialized publications rather than online postings. For instance, many construction and manufacturing firms expressed difficulty in hiring in the current market but represent relatively smaller shares of total online postings. Conversely, health care, retail, professional and finance related job postings are much more abundant, likely reflecting worker candidate pools that may more typically seek employment through online sources. Even so, the list of current openings by occupations is headed by truck drivers, followed by registered nurses. Numerous of the most sought after workers are for those in sales-related jobs, again confirming input from area firms’ recent experience.

22.9%

10.5%

10.4%

9.4%

8.7%

7.1%

6.5%

6.2%

4.5%

3.1%

2.3%

2.0%

1.9%

1.7%

1.4%

0.5%

0.4%

0.2%

0.1%

0.1%

Health Care and Social Assistance (62)

Retail Trade (44-45)

Professional, Scientific, and Technical…

Finance and Insurance (52)

Accommodation and Food Services (72)

Educational Services (61)

Transportation and Warehousing (48-49)

Manufacturing (31-33)

Public Administration (92)

Administrative and Support and Waste…

Information (51)

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing (53)

Wholesale Trade (42)

Other Services (except Public…

Construction (23)

Management of Companies and…

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (71)

Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas…

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting…

Utilities (22)

Job Postings by Industry, Joint Metro Region

Source: Burning Glass Technologies FY2014-2015


Among location of job postings, Davidson County strongly dominates the list with nearly 59% of total postings. Nine out of ten job postings for the region currently occur in five counties: Davidson, Williamson, Rutherford, Montgomery and Sumner.

58.7%

14.2%

8.3%

4.8%

3.6%

3.3%

3.1%

1.2%

1.1%

0.6%

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

0.2%

0.1%

0.1%

Davidson

Williamson

Rutherford

Montgomery

Sumner

Christian

Wilson

Robertson

Dickson

Cheatham

Smith

Hickman

Trigg

Macon

Cannon

Trousdale

Job Postings by County, Joint Metro Region



7,414

7,274

4,997

4,966

4,551

4,160

4,035

3,302

3,103

2,787

2,293

2,044

2,031

2,025

2,020

1,928

1,891

1,753

1,715

1,515

1,502

1,478

1,473

1,452

1,427

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers

Registered Nurses

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and…

Retail Salespersons

Computer Occupations, All Other

Customer Service Representatives

Software Developers, Applications

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales…

Medical and Health Services Managers

Accountants and Auditors

Human Resources Specialists

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material…

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants,…

Sales Managers

Managers, All Other

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing…

Computer Systems Analysts

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General

General and Operations Managers

First-Line Supervisors of Office and…

Financial Managers

Licensed Practical and Licensed…

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation…

Medical Records and Health Information…

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers

Top Occupations by Number of Job Postings, Joint Metro Region


2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

Bill and Account Collectors

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators

Travel Agents

Billing and Posting Clerks

Medical Records and Health Information…

Statisticians

Electrical Power-Line Installers and…

Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan

Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and…

Insurance Claims and Policy Processing…

Medical and Clinical Laboratory…

Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators,…

Licensed Practical and Licensed…

Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis…

Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing…

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks

Data Entry Keyers

Radiologic Technologists

Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing…

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers

Medical and Health Services Managers

First-Line Supervisors of Office and…

Top Occupations by Location Quotient of Job Postings, Joint Metro Region


Labor Market Dynamics in the Joint Metro Region in the Next Five Years

BALANCING SUPPLY WITH DEMAND

Retire

Return to work

New graduates

New to labor market (migration)

Across the nation, increases in retirement are

creating a shortage of skilled and experienced

workers. For the Nashville and Clarksville

metros, this will equate to roughly 120,000-

140,000 individuals leaving the labor force

over the next five years. Baby boom retire-

ment levels will be at their highest in the years

through 2020. Some industry sectors with an

older workforce will experience this surge in

retirement at a more accelerated rate than

other industries.

Since the height of un-

employment during the

recession (90,000 indi-

viduals), the number of

unemployed has steadily

declined by an average of

7,200 annually. Current-

ly, unemployment levels

hover around 50,000.

The region would have

approximately two years

of reductions in unem-

ployed persons before

reaching historically low

levels (3 percent).

Across the region’s postsecondary educational institutions

an estimated 60 percent of graduating students remain in

the region. Approximately 10-20 percent of college students

are currently in the labor market. Each year 10,000 to 15,000

college graduates and an additional 40 percent of high school

graduates will enter the local labor market. With these ratios

in place, the region can expect to gain 90,000-115,000 high

school and college graduates over the next five years.

Historically, our

region has benefited

from postive net

migration, increasing

population between

18,000 and 21,000

annually with strong

years adding more than

25,000 people. However,

approximately half (53

percent) are within core

working age cohort

(25-64) and a large

portion (60-80 percent)

will participate in the

labor force.

Optimistically, 40,000-

50,000 persons will move

into the labor market, in

the next five years, with

the potential that the

majority have previous

working experience.


The years leading up to 2020, in seeing a relatively slow rate

of employment growth nationally, may offer up both a job

shortage and a worker shortage. Projected net gains in em-

ployment range from 60,000 to 80,000 for the region across

the next five years. Employment growth will be strongest in

fields such as health care, where in-

creased demand is inevitable. Other

sectors already are finding ways to

achieve the same or greater output

and productivity with fewer work-

ers through automation, robotics and

many forms of applied technology.

Retailing, banking, communications,

logistics and other sectors see various

roles diminishing. Driverless cars,

drone deliveries, self-checkouts and

Internet shopping and banking are

just a few current and emerging examples that impact whole

groups of occupations. Some suggest that, for the first time

since the start of the Industrial Revolution, new technology

will displace workers faster than other technologies can cre-

ate need for other new occupations. The result is, first of all,

displacement, and secondly, an inability to easily match skills

of the displaced with new roles that do emerge along with

filling already hard-to-fill job vacancies.

At the start of the decade, research suggested that by 2020

the U.S. might have a shortage of 1.5 million college-educated

workers, while there would be 6 million more high school

dropouts than available jobs. What will be different about

the new environment is that these conditions are widespread

among cities, regions and nations. No

longer will surpluses in one region help

fill gaps in another. Instead, skills mis-

matches will become more pronounced

in volume and severity. Surpluses overall

will exist largely among those with lit-

tle education and few skills, resulting in

their experience of higher levels of un-

employment and underemployment, ris-

ing numbers of discouraged workers and

more workers compelled to take marginal

jobs.

In the need to maintain a vibrant labor market, the joint met-

ro region must continue aggressive measures to ensure work-

ers of 2015 to 2020 and beyond are skilled overall in ways that

meet anticipated employer demand.

Surplus worker supply in one

region will not fill gaps in

another region. Skills mis-

matches will become more

pronounced in volume and

severity. Surpluses overall will

exist largely among those with

little education and few skills.


Source: EMSI, 2015

Region Completions and Completions Growth, Joint Metro Region

Program Regional Completions (2003) Regional Completions (2013)

Change 2003-2013 %

Health Professions And Related Programs 2,963 6,223 110%

Business, Management, Marketing and Related Support Services 2,985 3,532 18%

Liberal Arts And Sciences, General Studies And Humanities 1,182 2,998 154%

Education 1,527 2,536 66%

Mechanic And Repair Technologies/Technicians 1,485 1,677 13%

Visual And Performing Arts 994 1,422 43%

Personal And Culinary Services 518 1,199 131%

Social Sciences 964 1,041 8%

Psychology 650 827 27%

Biological And Biomedical Sciences 473 701 48%

Homeland Security, Law Enforcement, Firefighting And Related Protective Services 234 683 192%

Computer And Information Sciences And Support Services 496 649 31%

Communication, Journalism and Related Programs 462 599 30%

Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 474 593 25%

Engineering 448 449 0%

Engineering Technologies And Engineering-Related Fields 370 436 18%

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies 290 434 50%

Family And Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences 202 391 94%

Public Administration And Social Service Professions 177 381 115%

Legal Professions And Studies 369 357 -3%

English Language And Literature/Letters 283 354 25%

History 171 277 62%

Physical Sciences 161 275 71%

Foreign Languages, Literatures and Linguistics 199 255 28%

Communications Technologies/Technicians And Support Services 0 243 -

Mathematics And Statistics 164 220 34%

Agriculture, Agriculture Operations and Related Sciences 147 188 28%

Theology And Religious Vocations 153 172 12%

Transportation And Materials Moving 163 172 6%

Philosophy And Religious Studies 107 157 47%

Precision Production 86 146 70%

Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender and Group Studies 33 54 64%

Construction Trades 50 53 6%

Natural Resources And Conservation 4 32 700%

Science Technologies/Technicians 42 22 -48%

Library Science 19 21 11%

Total 19,045 29,769 56%

Over the past decade, program

completions have increased by more than

50 percent.


Demographic The demographic lever of supply-demand balance involves the overall resident population levels in a region with an eye toward those persons that are of working age at any given point in time. This essentially looks at the labor force of an area and assumes that a very large share of those same individuals in the labor force will be present next year as are now working and the vast majority of whom were working in this region last year. Taken further, one sees that a relatively large portion of the workers in the region were, in fact, working here five, ten or more years ago; many current workers will continue to be the workers in this region in five, ten or more years. In other words, the very great number of workers in this region are those who are attached to it over a lifetime of their careers or at least for extended periods. While U.S. society is mobile and workers typically experience 10 or more jobs in their life, there remains more of stability in place in a workforce than there are transitions into and out of it- particularly in a short period of time.

The existing workforce of the joint metro region is composed of approximately one million workers. The continuity of workforce across time is therefore also much related to concentrations of jobs within the region. Approximately half of the regions workers hold jobs in Davidson County. Nearly three fourths of the jobs in the 17-county joint metro region exist in three counties- Davidson, Rutherford and Williamson. Another 40,000 jobs are projected to be added in these three counties between 2015 and 2020. Still, there will be new job growth throughout nearly all of the counties of the region at some level during the next five years according to current projections.

1,610

2,363

3,823

4,423

4,519

5,019

8,541

17,067

23,952

33,426

43,875

53,888

55,980

65,051

129,524

134,243

483,581

1,525

2,160

3,561

4,446

4,191

5,006

8,033

16,316

22,447

32,188

39,081

50,953

51,299

63,359

115,782

120,413

471,048

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000

Trousdale

Cannon

Trigg

Macon

Hickman

Smith

Cheatham

Dickson

Robertson

Maury

Wilson

Montgomery

Sumner

Christian

Williamson

Rutherford

Davidson

Employment by County

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs

Source: EMSI ,


This research then puts forward scenarios of change over the next five years for the Joint Metro Region, but also recognizes that the workforce on the job today will likely be composed very heavily by those workers that were this region’s workforce of last year and of next year. Here, then, are the elements of the first set of levers in the system: demographic change, particularly relating to age. Resident workers of this area will be drawn from the existing labor pool of working age population- those persons working or choosing to look for work. The only lever that is triggered only by age is retirement out of the working population or labor force. Strictly speaking, resident population entering the labor force by ‘aging into it’ function more through a lever of graduation from some level of education. This is treated as a separate lever since determination to enter a workforce path (or not) in this region (or elsewhere) is more dictated by education and preparation than simply arriving at an age where a decision to start working or not was prompted. Perhaps the only cases where this occurs are those persons dropping out of school who merely reach an age where a choice to work or not occurs. Even there, the lack of education for those persons is the greater lever dictating choice than simply being of a certain age. So, ultimately, some portion of the resident worker pool will age out of it in the coming year, and the next year, and so on. Over the years ahead, this number will be larger than it was historically since the older age cohort of workers is larger than it was historically. This is where the age demographic becomes a lever. Can more individuals resident in this region now working be persuaded to continue to work beyond an age threshold that has typically meant time for retirement? This becomes a critical question- and lever- for some industries and occupations more than others. If the labor market of this region were represented by 100 persons, one could readily assess the manner in which change occurs with a simple example. For instance, if in the following year that number of persons working has risen to 103 (a 3% gain, which would be reasonable), how would movement in and additions to the labor force function. First of all, one may assume that 95 of the 100 workers this year will also be working in this region next year. What of the other 5 persons? Some retire, some leave the area and thereby the region experiences some few losses to its worker pool. This then results in a need to supply eight new workers (five to replenish what has been lost, three to fill net additions to total jobs). These eight persons are found from new graduates in the area (high school through college, depending on when they enter the workforce), unemployed persons going back to work, discouraged workers returning to the labor force, new workers moving to the area, and some additional driving into the area as commuters. This combination will vary with economic conditions. Importantly, there will not always be three new jobs added- sometimes two or five or none, or the region may see absolute losses- this year’s 100 employee total may turn into 90 next year if the economy turns sour and layoffs and not filling open positions becomes common. In the latter case, some of the 95 that would expect to be working in this region in the coming year would simply become unemployed or even discouraged to no longer look for work, or some of the 90 remaining jobs may be divided up into part-time roles so that several of the 95 carryover workers remain employed by simply working portions of jobs each. But this only tells one part of the continuous function of the labor market. Among those 95 persons working in this region this year and next year, a considerable number likely will switch jobs. Perhaps 20 of the 95 working here this year will be working in different jobs here next year. An overall 20% turnover rate is not unusual. So, it may be that a long-time worker in the area is the one taking the brand new job created in the area. It may be a recent graduate that takes the job of that person as she exits her position, which may be a job that has existed for a long time. In other words, established workers may take new jobs and new workers may take established jobs. Though this scenario is very simple, it illustrates two extremely important points that relate to much of what this report focuses on. First, the labor market is very dynamic during any time period. A great deal of change is taking place in movement among workers among jobs. Often, the net change to total employment is viewed as representing “job growth”. In fact, the net change is an important measure but only tells a small part of what is occurring. Within a group of 100 or 1 million jobs there will be many jobs that are created- new positions with new functions, and many jobs that vanish- old positions with functions no longer needed or reconfigured in some way. This will form the bulk of job ‘creation’ and ‘dissolution’ and this will be the reason that 20 or 30 percent of a workforce changes jobs in some years. Equally important to consider are the relative proportions of supply of workforce. From the example, 95 of the workers to fill next year’s job totals will be workers who are in this region working today. That same pattern will


hold true in general in the following year, and the following year, and the following year. The vast majority of workers today are those that were working last year and five years ago and even ten years ago and more. Small, incremental additions are made to the worker pool each year from area graduates (a fairly stable number with upper and lower bounds), employment of the unemployed (again, finite set to draw from), employment of those returning to the labor force (disengaged workers again participating but not a simple matter to realize large numbers quickly), workers moving to the area (typically small as part of the overall labor force; potentially larger but with thresholds where other costs to society become factors); and additional workers choosing to commute in to the region for jobs (a variable number, again with other societal costs). Thus, there are elements of these incremental sources that are more finite, more predictable, and perhaps more desirable. Employing recent area graduates into jobs is both important and offers a chance to align supply and demand with greater control over time. Beyond that, each of the other sources of labor brings various challenges or limitations that must be considered. Again, each scenario is subject to the economy’s behavior. In a down economy with flat or negative employment change, these supply issues become moot. In a rapidly growing economy they become more urgent to deal with. Lastly, the factor of the demographic, particularly age, composition of the existing workforce, the 95 persons in the example, is altering the picture in some more substantial ways. The region may be gravitating to a point year by year where fewer of current workers do, in fact, carry over into the next year as retirement numbers grow.


Industries & Occupations This study examines the key industry clusters identified as critically important to workforce development, education and economic growth issues, along with many ways that these represent even wider sets of occupations found in all industries. These industries are healthcare services, information. finance and insurance, advanced manufacturing, logistics and distribution, hospitality, construction and office-related business services that include headquarters, back office, shared services and other uses. These clusters present an important snapshot of the workforce challenges and opportunities of the region. They extend the data and analysis of the prior sections into industry and occupation level sets for each cluster. Without a doubt the current competitiveness of the Joint Metro Region is contingent on the ability to find and develop a continuous stream of skilled and highly capable workers. Increasingly more and more employers cite the importance of cultivating and retaining workers that also possess a strong set of ‘soft skills’ and leadership ability regardless of the roles they fill. As skill demands change with occupations and with industry needs, the workforce training and education infrastructure of the region must remain adaptable as well. While the diverse regional economy requires workers at all levels of education and preparation, there is recognition that the middle skills space of moderate postsecondary training and experience for good-paying jobs is a particular opportunity set for the region as a whole. The combination of the existing infrastructure working with employers to continue to develop shorter, customized training, on-the-job training, apprenticeships and internships points to the best way to collaboratively instill efficiency in the labor market.

1.5%

1.9%

4.4%

4.0%

5.6%

8.2%

10.3%

13.5%

15.5%

16.7%

18.3%

0.3%

2.0%

3.9%

4.3%

5.7%

8.4%

10.3%

13.7%

14.8%

18.0%

18.6%

0% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20%

Agiculture & Mining

Information

Construction

Other Services (except Public Administration)

Financial Activities

Manufacturing

Leisure & Hospitality

Professional & Business Services

Educational & Health Services

Government

Trade, Transportation, & Utilities

Employment by Industry, U.S. and Joint Metro Region, 2015

Joint Metro Region USA

Source: EMSI 2015


-6,016

-105

13

31

40

791

846

928

1,751

2,656

3,040

3,294

3,581

4,831

5,971

6,392

7,582

8,904

9,575

19,273

-10,000 -5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Information

Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction

Utilities

Manufacturing

Management of Companies and Enterprises


Accommodation and Food Services

Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

Wholesale Trade

Finance and Insurance

Government

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Crop and Animal Production

Administrative and Support and Waste Management Services

Educational Services

Transportation and Warehousing

Construction

Health Care and Social Assistance

Retail Trade

Projected Job Change by Industry, Joint Metro Region, 2015-2020

Source: EMSI, 2015

0.3%

1.9%

4.1%

4.2%

5.6%

7.6%

10.2%

14.3%

15.4%

17.7%

18.5%

0.3%

2.0%

3.9%

4.3%

5.7%

8.4%

10.3%

13.7%

14.8%

18.0%

18.6%

0% 4% 8% 12% 16% 20%

Agiculture & Mining

Information

Construction


Financial Activities

Manufacturing

Leisure & Hospitality

Professional & Business Services

Educational & Health Services

Government

Trade, Transportation, & Utilities

Employment by Industry, Joint Metro Region, 2015 - 2020

2015 % of Total Employment

2020 % of Total Employment

Source: EMSI, 2015


Healthcare The healthcare industry is the largest economic sector in the Joint Metro Region as measured by an employment base in the area. It exhibits continuous reshaping as impacted by health policy changes, growing needs for service in an aging population and increasing reliance on technology and other skills in many occupations. As a large metro region, the area is home to many important medical services providers such as Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Saint Thomas, HCA TriStar and others which serve the population in the region and throughout Middle Tennessee. In other respects, the region is home to a select large group of firms of national and international importance in health management, health analytics, life sciences and other related fields. These are the elements that together result in the area’s term as the “Silicon Valley of Health Care.” Direct delivery of health services in the area employs some 125,000 persons. These occupations exist in a range of settings, including hospitals, nursing homes, home health services, clinics and physician offices. A large number of persons are employed in a few occupations, such as physicians, nurses and allied health professionals. Nationally there will be 1.6 million job openings for nurses through 2020 with a projected shortfall of 193.000 persons to fill these roles31. Research shows a variety of issues present in the national nursing outlook, including an aging nursing workforce and overall capacity constraints on nursing schools to train sufficient numbers of students. Further, government roles in healthcare are depressing nursing compensation while economic recovery both stimulates demand for nurses while reducing supply. Lastly, recruitment and retention of nurses suffers from increasingly complex and challenging demands on nurses. Often, nurses are tasked with meeting business objectives of controlling costs and growing business along with clinical roles that themselves experience added requirements. Input from local health care employers corroborates many of the national findings. Healthcare workers across occupations often experience increasing complexity and content and skill dexterity required in their roles. In addition to whatever specialized skills and tasks accompany a job, many workers find added knowledge necessary as they interact with electronic records, customer service, safety, HIPAA compliance, and leadership. Growing dependence on health care workers in more diverse settings is redefining the landscape of employment in the health sector. As healthcare service delivery appears in locations such as retail centers, nurse practitioners are taking roles not seen in such number previously. Shortages of primary care physicians and cost controls are imposing some of these changes as well as responding to consumer preferences for convenience and greater responsibility and control of health and well-being. Altogether these changes are altering the competitive landscape for workforce in health services.

31https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/Nursing-Supply-Final.pdf

2010 2015 2020 2010-2015 2015-2020

JMR 107,831 124,466 138,928 15.43% 11.62%

Tennessee 547,470 604,072 678,294 10.34% 12.29%

Nation 16,402,075 18,756,961 20,884,598 14.36% 11.34%

0.5%

8.7%

25.7%24.2%

22.4%

14.7%

3.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Healthcare Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

19.9%

80.1%

Healthcare Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 124,466

Average Earnings: $62,808 (2014)

Establishments: 4,323


https://cew.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/Nursing-Supply-Final.pdf

The introduction of healthcare reforms, still being navigated through Tennessee, are likely to continue to impact many aspects of the health industry, in particular the provider systems. At the same time, national policy changes led by the Affordable Care Act and other governmental and industry policies are reshaping the ways that information technology and other tools are being used to construct health care services of the future. The many large health-related corporations based in the region are at the epicenter of these changes and ultimately their skills, specialties and workforce levels will closely mirror these changes.

Educational providers are numerous in the region for healthcare staffing needs. Nursing programs at Tennessee State University, Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia State Community College, Belmont University, Lipscomb University, Austin Peay State University, Vanderbilt University and Aquinas College provide training for that workforce and Vanderbilt University and Meharry Medical College offer training for medical doctors. Numerous community colleges and TCATs offer medical/clinical assistant programs as well as LPN training. Schools of pharmacy have also been created at Lipscomb University and Belmont University, filling a training need previously unmet in the area.

The healthcare workforce, totaling some 124,000 in 2015 is projected to grow by another 11.6% through 2020 in line with the strong growth of that sector at the state and national levels as well. The majority of the leading occupations are expected to grow at double digit rates, with registered nurses, the largest single job group increasing by 9%. The healthcare workforce is heavily dominated by female workers (80.1%) and with the exception of more workers age 55 and over, has seen less of a loss in younger worker cohorts than many other industries. The consistent, strong demand for healthcare workers somewhat regardless of economic conditions has meant steady hiring without resulting ‘age gaps’ when hiring falls off. Earnings among the 25 largest healthcare occupations vary widely, from a low of $9.08 an hour for personal care aides to $106.63 for physicians and surgeons.

76.1%

18.9%

2.3% 1.8% 0.7% 0.2% 0.0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

White Black or AfricanAmerican

Hispanic or Latino Asian Two or More Races American Indian orAlaska Native

Native Hawaiian orOther Pacific Islander

Healthcare Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Healthcare Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region

14-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+Source: U.S. Census Bureau


Top Occupations within Healthcare Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Healthcare Industry Total Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level

Education 2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs

2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Registered Nurses 12.7% 15,819 17,296 9% $28.41 Associate's degree 19,962 21,578 1.02 8%

Nursing Assistants 5.8% 7,186 7,898 10% $12.04 Postsecondary non-degree award 8,577 9,348 0.81 9%

Personal Care Aides 4.5% 5,787 6,901 19% $9.08 Less than high school 6,924 8,110 0.63 17%

Medical Assistants 4.0% 4,980 5,583 12% $14.87 Postsecondary non-degree award 5,393 6,013 1.25 11%

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 4.0% 4,910 5,380 10% $18.94 Postsecondary non-

degree award 6,468 6,986 1.24 8%

Home Health Aides 3.6% 4,544 5,297 17% $9.25 Less than high school 5,015 5,795 0.74 16%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 2.7% 3,329 3,737 12% $13.57 High school diploma or equivalent 7,423 7,941 1.00 7%

Childcare Workers 2.4% 2,970 3,319 12% $9.30 High school diploma or equivalent 6,687 7,212 1.23 8%

Office Clerks, General 2.0% 2,454 2,590 6% $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent 20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Dental Assistants 2.0% 2,410 2,632 9% $16.71 Postsecondary non-degree award 2,580 2,805 1.11 9%

Medical and Health Services Managers 1.9% 2,323 2,534 9% $40.73 Bachelor's degree 3,051 3,290 1.38 8%

Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 1.8% 2,164 2,432 12% $11.34 Associate's degree 4,054 4,415 1.29 9%

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 1.7% 2,145 2,375 11% $16.32 Associate's degree 2,466 2,717 2.12 10%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1.4% 1,789 1,985 11% $23.14 High school diploma

or equivalent 11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 1.4% 1,788 2,012 13% $106.63 Doctoral or professional degree 2,207 2,436 0.97 10%

Billing and Posting Clerks 1.4% 1,719 1,921 12% $16.89 High school diploma or equivalent 4,198 4,584 1.13 9%

Medical Secretaries 1.4% 1,744 2,147 23% $15.06 High school diploma or equivalent 1,933 2,363 0.48 22%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 1.3% 1,641 1,782 9% $14.63 High school diploma

or equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Radiologic Technologists 1.2% 1,507 1,650 9% $24.59 Associate's degree 1,728 1,876 1.22 9%

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1.2% 1,472 1,633 11% $9.21 Less than high school 7,126 7,544 0.95 6%

Dental Hygienists 1.1% 1,353 1,529 13% $31.92 Associate's degree 1,388 1,566 0.96 13%

Physical Therapists 1.1% 1,370 1,554 13% $37.54 Doctoral or professional degree 1,519 1,711 1.02 13%

Nurse Practitioners 1.1% 1,344 1,513 13% $42.60 Master's degree 1,519 1,699 1.80 12%

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 1.1% 1,325 1,423 7% $27.87 Bachelor's degree 1,522 1,622 1.29 7%

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 1.0% 1,301 1,424 9% $15.02 Postsecondary non-

degree award 1,765 1,915 1.31 8%

TOTAL: 152,202 165139 8%


Top Industries for Healthcare Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Healthcare Occupations within Industry Total Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015

Jobs

2020

Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 -

2020 %

Total

Jobs

Change

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 36.4% 56.7% 22642 23986 5.9% $64,162 39,884 42,085 1.26 5.5%

Offices of Physicians 12.7% 42.4% 7965 9045 13.6% $78,043 18,773 21,183 1.05 12.8%

Pharmacies and Drug Stores 4.3% 55.0% 2686 3066 14.1% $41,774 4,881 5,525 0.99 13.2%

Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) 4.2% 29.4% 2617 2866 9.5% $33,622 8,831 9,375 0.75 6.2%

Hospitals (Local Government) 4.1% 55.1% 2528 2610 3.2% $48,298 4,585 4,719 1.01 2.9%

State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 3.2% 5.8% 1935 1983 2.5% $45,832 33,601 34,348 2.11 2.2%

Other Outpatient Care Centers 3.2% 49.5% 2028 2431 19.9% $69,758 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8%

Offices of Dentists 2.8% 29.7% 1780 2017 13.3% $46,894 5,952 6,601 0.93 10.9%

Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 2.8% 11.4% 1689 1616 -4.3% $64,599 14,834 14,288 0.92 (3.7%)

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories 2.5% 45.3% 1609 1836 14.1% $65,116 3,553 4,035 1.99 13.6%

Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 2.3% 44.7% 1436 1613 12.3% $47,565 3,211 3,616 1.29 12.6%

Home Health Care Services 2.2% 27.0% 1422 1594 12.1% $35,425 5,348 6,278 0.57 17.4%

Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 2.0% 3.8% 1239 1326 7.0% $38,361 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.6%

Temporary Help Services 1.7% 3.6% 1043 1184 13.5% $25,335 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1%

Veterinary Services 1.4% 34.4% 890 1034 16.2% $32,146 2,554 2,848 1.09 11.5%

Ambulance Services 1.3% 82.8% 844 1059 25.5% $33,826 1,025 1,305 0.83 27.4%

Education (Local Government) 1.0% 1.5% 644 683 6.1% $39,892 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.7%

Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 0.8% 13.2% 524 654 24.8% $23,622 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3%

Offices of All Other Health Practitioners 0.7% 31.4% 466 581 24.7% $47,129 1,489 1,887 1.59 26.7%

Education (State Government) 0.7% 3.6% 426 494 16.0% $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2%

Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores 0.6% 2.7% 401 433 8.0% $23,003 15,025 15,768 0.87 4.9%

Hospitals (State Government) 0.6% 46.9% 377 343 -9.0% $37,484 804 731 0.34 (9.1%)

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 0.6% 2.9% 372 385 3.5% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%)

Department Stores 0.5% 3.0% 323 335 3.7% $20,320 10,656 10,963 1.16 2.9%

Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters 0.5% 3.6% 326 343 5.2% $23,389 9,052 9,499 0.89 4.9%

TOTAL: $44,243 321,196 344362 7.2%


0 500 1000 1500

Registered Nursing/Registered NurseMedical/Clinical Assistant

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse TrainingDental Assisting/Assistant

MedicineEmergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic)

Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/CoderHealth Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General

PharmacyHealth Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician

Pharmacy Technician/AssistantFamily Practice Nurse/Nursing

Adult Health Nurse/NursingDental Hygiene/Hygienist

Critical Care NursingPhysical Therapy/Therapist

Pediatric Nurse/NursingMedical Office Assistant/Specialist

Clinical/Medical Laboratory TechnicianPsychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing

Nursing PracticeAllied Health and Medical Assisting Services, Other

Health/Medical Preparatory Programs, OtherMaternal/Child Health and Neonatal Nurse/Nursing

Ophthalmic Technician/TechnologistNursing Science

Medical Office Management/AdministrationClinical/Medical Laboratory Assistant

Clinical Nurse SpecialistPre-Pharmacy Studies

Pharmaceutical SciencesEmergency Room/Trauma Nursing

Other Nursing

Healthcare Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013

Award of less than 1 academic year

Award of at least 1 but less than 2 academic years

Associates degree


Bachelors degree

Postbaccalaureate certificate

Masters degree

Post-masters certificate

Doctors degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Manufacturing The goods producing sector of a region serves as the foundation of its primary industries. Growing a regional economy traditionally and currently flows readily from the success of its manufacturing industries. Outside revenue flowing in to a region purchasing goods produced by local workers demonstrates the infusion of new dollars into an economy. The long erosion of the manufacturing sector in the U.S. economy stretches back more than five decades. The Joint Metro Region saw a vast reshaping of its economy in the 1970s and 1980s along with many other parts of the country as longtime manufacturing bases diminished. Fortunately, the Nashville MSA and Clarksville MSA have witnessed new entrants to the manufacturing mix in the years since. Manufacturing employment overall peaked in the late 1990s in the area and then subsided slowly, then more quickly through the onset and duration of the Great Recession. Since 2011, manufacturing jobs have again increased at a steady pace and 2014 levels were the highest in 7 years. The cost-of-doing business and reputation of the U.S. for innovation and quality have drawn back a notable share of offshore manufacturing. The Joint Metro Region is one area that illustrates this phenomenon. Various subsets of manufacturing are particularly strong in the region. Transportation equipment, food production, and appliance manufacturing are the leading components. The vehicle assembly and parts manufacturing cluster in Middle Tennessee is one of the most successful and growing in the nation. Workforce for these operations have demonstrated longstanding reputation for high value goods production. Current projections show a slight decline in overall manufacturing employment leading to 2020. Much of this appears related to effects of added automation particularly as relate to specific occupational declines. While many of the 25 leading occupations in manufacturing that are most uniquely associated with production functions are projected to have small single digit gains or losses through 2020, many of these have relatively earnings and are likely to generate a need for many replacement workers. Of all industries, manufacturing experiences some of the highest levels of older worker cohorts, especially in critical jobs that are hard to fill. Examples of these might include industrial machinery mechanics and machinists, with earnings of $26.76 and $20.05, respectively and whose projected net employment change is 6% and 2% over the next five years. Research points to an abundance of manufacturing workforce supply lacking currently with 2 million of the nation’s 3 million production-related open positions going unfilled over the coming decade32. Manufacturers in the area strive to adapt and innovate to meet the skills and worker supply challenges. Increasing focus on experiential training through apprenticeships and internships is actively promoted. Recruitment and retention of

32http://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/manufacturing/articles/boiling-point-the-skills-gap-in-us-manufacturing.html

Jobs and Job Change

2010 2015 2020 2010-2015 2015-2020

JMR 72,227 84,797 81,226 17.40% -4.21%

Tennessee 507,457 547,821 530,837 7.95% -3.10%

Nation 11,487,497 11,994,495 11,859,043 4.41% -1.13%

0.3%

6.5%

18.2%

25.3%

30.1%

16.6%

2.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Manufacturing Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

72.9%

27.1%

Manufacturing Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 81,226




http://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/manufacturing/articles/boiling-point-the-skills-gap-in-us-manufacturing.html

veterans, both in jobs and communities, remains a desire for many employers in the region. Internal training of workers both on technical skills and team leadership skills is gaining more attention and support by many companies in the area, recognizing that this can prove most successful in retaining workers with content knowledge and also familiarity with the firm and its products and culture. As the economy continues to improve and the region resumes a point of ‘full employment’ manufacturers realize more turnover of workers among firms and among industries is likely to impact manufacturing workforce needs significantly.

73.4%

17.0%

5.7%3.1%

0.5% 0.2% 0.1%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%



Native Hawaiian orOther Pacific

Islander

Manufacturing Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Manufacturing Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region



Top Occupations within Manufacturing Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Manufacturing Industry Total Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Team Assemblers 16.3% 14,065 14,290 2% $16.57 High school diploma or equivalent 17,144 17,598 2.25 3%

First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 3.6% 3,089 2,956 (4%) $27.21 Postsecondary non-

degree award 4,283 4,206 1.05 (2%)

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 3.0% 2,596 2,490 (4%) $12.10 Less than high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 3.0% 2,528 2,445 (3%) $15.10 High school diploma or equivalent 3,954 3,993 1.18 1%

Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 2.2% 1,884 1,725 (8%) $15.54 High school diploma

or equivalent 2,268 2,117 1.75 (7%)

Machinists 2.1% 1,853 1,885 2% $20.05 High school diploma or equivalent 2,419 2,504 0.86 4%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 1.9% 1,610 1,485 (8%) $14.95 Less than high school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 1.9% 1,614 1,535 (5%) $12.61 High school diploma or equivalent 3,000 3,002 1.13 0%

Industrial Engineers 1.8% 1,541 1,499 (3%) $38.51 Bachelor's degree 2,134 2,152 1.30 1%

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 1.7% 1,414 1,300 (8%) $13.24 High school diploma or equivalent 1,996 1,919 1.44 (4%)

Industrial Machinery Mechanics 1.7% 1,454 1,535 6% $26.76 High school diploma or equivalent 2,396 2,561 1.06 7%

Production Workers, All Other 1.6% 1,372 1,236 (10%) $14.43 High school diploma or equivalent 2,715 2,649 1.80 (2%)

Helpers--Production Workers 1.6% 1,353 1,296 (4%) $10.67 Less than high school 2,768 2,830 0.91 2%

General and Operations Managers 1.5% 1,223 1,134 (7%) $40.32 Bachelor's degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1.4% 1,233 1,215 (1%) $17.38 High school diploma or equivalent 701 718 1.07 2%

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 1.4% 1,246 1,475 18% $17.49 High school diploma or equivalent 1,842 2,117 0.70 15%

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 1.4% 1,179 1,117 (5%) $14.86 High school diploma or equivalent 4,945 5,067 1.01 2%

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 1.4% 1,207 1,311 9% $14.09 High school diploma or equivalent 2,140 2,312 1.17 8%

Printing Press Operators 1.4% 1,033 640 (38%) $16.19 High school diploma or equivalent 1,489 1,102 1.41 (26%)

Packers and Packagers, Hand 1.3% 1,073 982 (8%) $9.46 Less than high school 4,991 5,158 1.01 3%

Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 1.3% 1,062 991 (7%) $15.87 High school diploma

or equivalent 1,114 1,044 1.73 (6%)

Tool and Die Makers 1.2% 1,057 1,047 (1%) $23.20 High school diploma or equivalent 1,100 1,092 1.96 (1%)

Industrial Production Managers 1.1% 958 920 (4%) $38.68 Bachelor's degree 1,176 1,150 1.02 (2%)

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 1.1% 951 918 (3%) $23.44 High school diploma

or equivalent 7,203 7,814 0.70 8%

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1.1% 932 916 (2%) $17.63 Postsecondary non-degree award 15,990 16,862 1.37 5%

TOTAL: 133,722 138102.372 3%


Top Industries for Manufacturing Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Manufacturing Occupations within Industry Total Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015

Jobs

2020

Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 % Total Jobs

Change

Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 10.9% 74.6% 7764 7504 -3.3% $90,781 10,436 10,162 9.07 (2.6%)


Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 3.8% 64.4% 3250 4843 49.0% $36,580 5,042 7,427 5.34 47.3%

Major Appliance Manufacturing 3.6% 54.6% 2509 2352 -6.3% $44,054 4,599 4,311 14.70 (6.3%)

Printing 2.8% 58.3% 1776 1101 -38.0% $49,045 3,069 1,951 1.08 (36.4%)

Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping 2.7% 62.9% 2024 2281 12.7% $50,578 3,216 3,605 5.94 12.1%

Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 2.5% 69.2% 1886 2272 20.5% $43,634 2,739 3,337 5.90 21.8%

Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing 2.1% 66.4% 1481 1289 -13.0% $52,978 2,264 2,045 2.57 (9.7%)

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing 1.8% 64.3% 1302 1442 10.8% $48,613 2,026 2,242 2.05 10.7%

Animal Slaughtering and Processing 1.6% 56.4% 1239 1368 10.4% $32,753 2,193 2,399 0.66 9.4%

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing 1.6% 58.3% 1157 1129 -2.4% $84,324 1,983 1,934 2.01 (2.5%)


Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing 1.4% 54.2% 988 942 -4.7% $35,878 1,823 1,742 1.21 (4.4%)

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing 1.3% 61.1% 886 738 -16.7% $54,079 1,447 1,200 1.15 (17.1%)

Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing 1.2% 70.7% 975 1215 24.6% $57,906 1,375 1,704 6.06 23.9%

Paperboard Container Manufacturing 1.1% 64.4% 809 778 -3.8% $68,975 1,254 1,202 1.33 (4.1%)


Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 1.1% 64.2% 588 179 -69.6% $48,546 937 285 5.70 (69.6%)

Other Plastics Product Manufacturing 1.0% 59.5% 654 452 -30.9% $37,715 1,100 766 0.55 (30.3%)

Ornamental and Architectural Metal Products Manufacturing 1.0% 55.9% 666 611 -8.3% $53,861 1,192 1,095 0.89 (8.2%)

Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing 0.9% 62.2% 601 380 -36.8% $43,474 967 618 1.38 (36.1%)

Machine Shops 0.9% 71.0% 649 671 3.4% $50,617 911 935 0.45 2.6%

Plate Work and Fabricated Structural Product Manufacturing 0.8% 56.1% 587 536 -8.7% $50,270 1,047 960 0.90 (8.3%)

Tire Manufacturing 0.8% 66.5% 484 174 -64.0% $72,323 727 261 2.01 (64.1%)

Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services 0.8% 23.9% 557 414 -25.7% $33,074 2,321 1,719 1.05 (25.9%)

TOTAL: $41,305 128,742 134651 4.6%


There are many factors that contribute to shortages in manufacturing and other sectors, not least of which is the aging of the workforce. But there are many additional reasons for difficulty in hiring technical workers according to industry leaders nationally. The overall increase in technical skills needed for jobs that once had more basic roles requirements along with some earlier skills or roles becoming obsolete has resulted in shortages and displacements across a variety of sectors. The uneven pattern of hiring and perception of certain technical roles has influenced younger persons to bypass opportunities for some careers even where job vacancies are common and projections for stable employment are present. Manufacturing, logistics, construction and other sectors comment on the numerous difficulties in hiring and retaining workers. These challenges mirror those that have been reported nationally: finding candidates that can pass job screenings, making shift work appealing to workers, maintaining adequate training capacity for hirees along with other factors.

29%

36%

40%

42%

48%

52%

56%

61%

61%

62%

74%

46%

46%

34%

40%

41%

32%

31%

29%

27%

28%

19%

Introduction of flexible and complex work systems

Increase in demand for products and services

Re-shoring operations to the U.S

Introduction of new advanced manufacturingtechnologies and automation

Increase in skilled position

School system

Access to talent

Attractiveness of industry

Loss of embedded knowledge due to movement ofexperience workers

Strength of economy

Retirement of baby boomers

Factors contributing to shortages in skilled production workers

Significant or High Impact Moderate Impact

21%

23%

24%

28%

35%

47%

26%

31%

32%

35%

31%

32%

Ability to retain the workers filled in this job category

Finding sufficient human resources to develop andsupport talent acquisition

Offering compensation that appeals to qualifiedcandidates

Making position requirments appeal to qualified talent(e.g., shift work, plant enviornment)

Finding candidates to enter initial screening process

Finding candidates who pass our screening and/orprobationary period

Challenges in recruiting skilled production workers

Extremely challenging or Very challenging Moderately challenging

Source: Deloitte analysis based on data from U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics and Gallup Survey


0 250 500 750 1000

Automobile/Automotive MechanicsTechnology/Technician

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and RefrigerationMaintenance Technology/Technician

Machine Shop Technology/Assistant

Welding Technology/Welder

Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and RefrigerationEngineering Technology/Technician

Operations Management and Supervision

Solar Energy Technology/Technician

Manufacturing Related Institutional Completions, 2013



Associates degree


Bachelors degree


Masters degree


Doctors degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Finance and Insurance With a heritage in banking, finance and insurance, the past two decades have shown the Joint Metro Region to be a major center of office and headquarter activity in this field. With new entrants such as UBS and BNY Mellon, the list of anchor firms in the area is long, including Ford Motor Credit, State Farm, Caterpillar Financial and others. Currently, the location quotient indicates that this industry is represented at nearly the level one would expect for a regional economy of this size. The sector is projected to add employment at a level comparable to national and state growth through 2020. Only one of the 25 leading occupations is projected to experience a decline in employment. Five of the occupations are expected to have double digit rate of growth from 2015 to 2020, with four of these requiring a bachelor’s degree as a minimum educational requirement. Female employment, at 64%, is among the highest by share of any industry. Earnings are above average for all workers and only four of the 25 occupations have median hourly earnings below $15.Overall hiring challenges are not as great in finance and insurance as some other sectors due to a slower rate of growth and typically ability to draw from firms that are resizing their employment levels. Industry leaders note the importance of finding sufficient local candidates that possess both content knowledge and strong customer skills, as well as those with information technology backgrounds for that increasing demand among many financial sector operations in the area.

Jobs and Job Change 2010 2015 2020 2010-2015 2015-2020

JMR 39,598 43,541 45,505 9.96% 4.51%

Tennessee 177,997 183,262 191,409 2.96% 4.45%

Nation 5,696,373 6,038,270 6,325,170 6.00% 4.75%

0.2%

5.1%

24.5%

26.7%

24.6%

15.5%

3.4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Finance and Insurance Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

36.0%

64.0%

Finance and Insurance Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 43,541




0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Finance & Insurance Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region


82.9%

12.9%

2.3% 1.1% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%




Finance and Insurance Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015


Top Occupations within Finance and Insurance Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Finance and Insurance Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Insurance Sales Agents 12.7% 5,634 5,946 6% $20.41 High school diploma or equivalent 5,674 5,993 1.23 6%

Customer Service Representatives 10.3% 4,487 4,681 4% $14.27 High school diploma or equivalent 20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Tellers 8.4% 3,640 3,702 2% $12.33 High school diploma or equivalent 3,712 3,778 1.01 2%

Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 5.6% 2,441 2,527 4% $22.84 High school diploma or equivalent 3,178 3,267 1.59 3%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 4.1% 1,781 1,858 4% $23.14 High school diploma or

equivalent 11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 3.7% 1,622 1,697 5% $17.92 High school diploma or equivalent 1,768 1,860 1.02 5%

Loan Officers 3.7% 1,607 1,730 8% $29.21 Bachelor's degree 1,871 2,016 0.87 8%

Financial Managers 3.2% 1,390 1,444 4% $47.00 Bachelor's degree 5,618 5,884 1.53 5%

Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 2.6% 1,130 1,183 5% $39.23 Bachelor's degree 1,227 1,289 0.52 5%


Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 2.2% 987 1,059 7% $14.63 High school diploma or

equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Bill and Account Collectors 2.2% 959 978 2% $15.40 High school diploma or equivalent 5,119 5,574 1.90 9%

Insurance Underwriters 2.2% 919 909 (1%) $28.77 Bachelor's degree 965 956 1.47 (1%)

General and Operations Managers 2.1% 934 980 5% $40.32 Bachelor's degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Loan Interviewers and Clerks 2.0% 891 972 9% $16.56 High school diploma or equivalent 1,071 1,168 0.70 9%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 1.9% 821 860 5% $17.21 High school diploma or equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Accountants and Auditors 1.5% 674 711 5% $29.54 Bachelor's degree 12,036 13,185 1.34 10%

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 1.5% 657 652 (1%) $19.74 High school diploma or

equivalent 7,658 7,681 1.39 0%

Personal Financial Advisors 1.4% 643 737 15% $51.80 Bachelor's degree 742 849 0.53 14%

Financial Analysts 1.4% 613 670 9% $34.36 Bachelor's degree 1,490 1,623 0.80 9%

Computer Systems Analysts 1.2% 527 576 9% $32.16 Bachelor's degree 4,195 4,634 1.10 10%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 0.9% 383 401 5% $23.22 High school diploma or equivalent 5,700 6,264 0.95 10%

Management Analysts 0.8% 368 384 4% $32.14 Bachelor's degree 3,402 3,739 0.79 10%

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 0.8% 336 352 5% $24.41 High school diploma or equivalent 5,089 5,403 0.73 6%

First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 0.7% 325 338 4% $35.83 High school diploma or

equivalent 2,003 2,124 1.13 6%

TOTAL: 169,897 181088 7%


Top Industries for Finance and Insurance Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Finance and Insurance Occupations within Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of Occupation in Industry

(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Current Wages, Salaries, & Proprietor Earnings

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs

2015 Location Quotient

2015 - 2020 % Total Jobs Change

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services 14.5% 46.6% 7057 7972 13.0% $97,132 15,047 16,589 2.17 10.2%



Management of Companies and Enterprises 6.1% 18.5% 2975 3242 9.0% $107,691 16,029 17,196 1.06 7.3%

Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers 4.1% 33.2% 1927 1948 1.1% $71,150 5,834 5,936 1.43 1.8%

Other Insurance Related Activities 3.5% 32.7% 1676 1745 4.1% $75,040 5,121 5,332 2.39 4.1%

Management Consulting Services 3.3% 25.5% 1631 1995 22.3% $79,836 6,351 7,566 0.91 19.1%


Commercial Banking 2.3% 14.3% 1116 1187 6.4% $67,926 7,756 8,139 0.86 4.9%

Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation 2.0% 29.2% 990 1150 16.2% $66,591 3,380 3,890 1.19 15.1%


Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers 1.5% 21.5% 721 742 2.9% $91,720 3,379 3,529 0.69 4.5%


Insurance Agencies and Brokerages 1.4% 7.5% 666 697 4.7% $68,428 8,993 9,471 1.43 5.3%

Computer Systems Design and Related Services 1.4% 7.8% 678 778 14.7% $88,914 8,589 9,661 0.66 12.5%

Investment Advice 1.3% 36.1% 652 783 20.1% $117,058 1,779 2,051 1.37 15.3%

Office Administrative Services 1.2% 13.5% 613 706 15.2% $104,074 4,491 5,065 1.32 12.8%


Religious Organizations 1.0% 2.8% 453 483 6.6% $19,850 16,111 17,016 1.34 5.6%


Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures 0.8% 53.4% 382 422 10.5% $124,473 716 794 4.50 10.9%

Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities 0.7% 20.0% 338 375 10.9% $72,971 1,691 1,874 1.91 10.8%

Engineering Services 0.7% 6.9% 322 376 16.8% $76,751 4,632 5,341 0.70 15.3%

Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers 0.6% 4.5% 308 362 17.5% $67,840 6,830 7,794 1.07 14.1%

Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services 0.6% 7.2% 275 310 12.7% $77,277 3,799 4,155 1.96 9.4%

TOTAL: $58,674 294,489 315460 7.1%


0 250 500

Accounting

Finance, General

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping

Accounting and Finance

Accounting and Business/Management

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services

Investments and Securities

Financial Mathematics

Health/Medical Claims Examiner

Credit Management

Finance and Insurance Related Instituional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013



Associates degree


Bachelors degree


Masters degree


Doctors degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Information Technology The information sector is highly important for the current and future growth of the Joint Metro Region. With continued rapid growth in technology use across all levels and types of industry and occupation, the demand for many portions of information technology will continue to be very high. The healthcare, financial services and other sectors particular rely on IT staffing in large number for their management, processing and analytics needs that often are national or global in scope. Asurion, Emdeon, UBS, Caterpillar Financial, HCA, and many, many other firms in many ways are operations highly focused on data management as a pillar of their business. Data classification of technology functions differs in important ways between industries and occupations. The category of “information” as an industry set refers to those businesses and organizations that create and manage information content as their core function. While it includes the computer sector, it also comprises publishing and other fields which result in sometimes unusual aggregate results for data users. Occupations that encompass use of information technology, however, are found in many, if not all, industries. In fact, several major industry clusters in the area, particularly health care management, represent significant amount of employment of information technology workers. Thus, care should be used in assessing trends and patterns in this area as occupational groupings transcend industries in a very important way. Growth in information technology is widespread in many industries. The business services sub cluster of professional services (shown separately in this study) offers an important complement to this section on computer-oriented roles in organizations. Many traditional roles in information are declining in number. Twelve of the 25 largest occupations in this sector are projected to decrease in employment through 2020 and two are shown to decrease in the economy across industries. In some cases automation and technology are overtaking more manual, in-person or traditional roles with information management; in others growth in certain occupations is predicated on their reconfiguration to be more oriented to the content specialty of another industry. Large numbers of workers in the ‘pure’ technology or IT occupational sets include computer programmers, software engineers, and computer systems analysts. These higher skilled roles typically require a postsecondary degree and relevant work experience. A selection of occupations merits a degree of special consideration due to their volume of employment and ties across industries. Customer service representatives, comprising a large share though a small number in the information sector, constitute a very large group of workers across all industries- over 20,000. Employers in this and other sectors cited various characteristics of skills, particularly ‘soft skills’ and leadership abilities, that are becoming more prominent by need but often not


JMR 19,455 20,468 20,589 5.21% 0.59%

Tennessee 70,445 69,937 71,083 -0.72% 1.64%

Nation 2,703,886 2,709,646 2,721,187 0.21% 0.43%

0.9%

6.7%

25.3%26.8%

23.8%

14.0%

2.5%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Information Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

56.4%

43.6%

Information Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 20,468




by supply in the regional marketplace. This also would be an occupation largely not recruited for outside the region, inferring the burden of training falls heavily on employers to ensure presence of those skills. A lively conversation and concern of many strong economies involves filling needed supply for technology workers. While issues differ from place to place, there is widespread understanding that the field as a whole is still quite new and rapidly growing and changing and that some of the issues are, in fact, global supply issues for those occupations and skills. However, it also is important to distinguish between levels of skills in a number of ways. More advanced roles in information technology especially can operate in a very competitive national and global marketplace while more common jobs that involve some use of the technology may be much more readily sourced. The Joint Metro Region, as stated, possesses industries and many new business entrants to the market that place premiums on need for IT workforce. The Nashville Chamber and the Nashville Technology Council have continued to address shortfalls in staffing supply in IT for several years, with heightened efforts in the years of recent rapid economic growth. Numerous occupations, roles and job skills remain difficult to fill in the local market. Workers recognize the market is competitive and growing and remain active in seeking and changing jobs. A key element in the backdrop of the area’s work has been to maintain and strengthen quality of work life and quality of life overall as recognized incentives to build a larger cohort of technology workforce that has flexibility of choice of residence. Given a sizable need to recruit out-of-area workers for certain roles, ensuring the ‘cosmopolitan’ aspects of a culturally vibrant and diverse region remain important. At the same time, comparatively favorable cost-of-living, safety and mobility in relation to California or elsewhere continue as advantages. Area employers recognize the challenges: recurring losses of workers that have been trained, reliance on third party firms to fill in gaps, need to remain very competitive on compensation, and simply a shortage of local graduates and skills commensurate with demand. Employers often must recruit regionally and nationally for higher order jobs.

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Information Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region



Gaps in the local market that persist include lack of sufficient mid-tier IT workers (3 to 8 years of business content knowledge with 3 to 5 years of technical experience). Recruiting workers from recent graduate pools in the area for entry roles is somewhat easier for employers as many firms have built strong relationships with colleges and universities in the area and even their instructors. Firms have gravitated more to internal training of new workforce into their own ‘mid-tier’ needs. Responses to the challenges involve many alternatives, including highly structured internships, evaluating and rewarding skills and experience in recruits versus degrees, and flexible work scheduling. As ever-changing as the sector is, even the current state of the industry and its occupational mix will continue to shift. Data science software may lead to obsolescence of some IT roles, mobile technology is quickly replacing prior structures and high priority across industries will be on coding, development and cyber security needs. Thus, all projections for demand will continue to remain contingent on the evolution of the technology. Calibration of supply from K-12 through higher education for technology workforce will always suffer from lag in implementation of formal training from state of where the field will be upon student graduation. For this reason, firms increasingly view internal training as a necessary investment to retain workers and keep them continuously in synch with content and technology evolution and needs. Also, short term training options such as the Software School will be attractive for more ad hoc preparation that mirrors the rapid changes underway in the field and the immediacy of demand for workers.

80.7%

13.7%

3.0% 1.7% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%




Islander

Information Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015


Top Occupations within Information Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Information Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020

% Total Jobs

Change


Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 5.5% 1,107 1,073 (3%) $20.13 Postsecondary non-

degree award 1,648 1,670 1.11 1%



Producers and Directors 2.6% 527 514 (2%) $27.98 Bachelor's degree 712 715 1.10 0%

Advertising Sales Agents 2.4% 494 491 (1%) $17.49 High school diploma or equivalent 996 1,039 0.87 4%

Office Clerks, General 2.3% 472 454 (4%) $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent 20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Software Developers, Applications 2.1% 459 515 12% $37.91 Bachelor's degree 2,674 2,990 0.55 12%


Computer User Support Specialists 2.0% 430 466 8% $19.69 Some college, no degree 3,769 4,146 0.86 10%

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 2.0% 409 400 (2%) $19.72 Postsecondary non-degree award 954 994 1.91 4%

Editors 1.7% 344 337 (2%) $23.29 Bachelor's degree 523 534 0.76 2%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1.7% 341 346 1% $23.14 High school diploma or

equivalent 11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Network and Computer Systems Administrators 1.6% 339 350 3% $29.73 Bachelor's degree 2,601 2,762 0.98 6%

Radio and Television Announcers 1.6% 341 361 6% $10.83 Bachelor's degree 363 386 1.64 6%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 1.6% 322 325 1% $14.63 High school diploma or

equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Film and Video Editors 1.5% 309 287 (7%) $24.59 Bachelor's degree 341 319 2.41 (6%)

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 1.5% 309 306 (1%) $17.21 High school diploma or equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Computer Programmers 1.4% 302 312 3% $36.93 Bachelor's degree 2,393 2,461 1.06 3%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 1.4% 284 263 (7%) $12.10 Less than high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Sound Engineering Technicians 1.4% 287 271 (6%) $22.57 Postsecondary non-degree award 319 306 2.98 (4%)

Computer and Information Systems Managers 1.4% 286 304 6% $46.93 Bachelor's degree 2,540 2,710 1.07 7%

Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 1.3% 268 263 (2%) $19.52 High school diploma or equivalent 2,766 2,812 1.35 2%


Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 1.2% 244 234 (4%) $19.47 High school diploma or equivalent 467 497 0.54 6%

TOTAL: 165,659 176647 7%


Top Industries for Information Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Information Occupations within Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015

Jobs

2020

Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 % Total

Jobs Change







Software Publishers 2.6% 45.2% 591 665 12.5% $100,897 1,304 1,455 0.58 11.6%



Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 2.3% 3.9% 497 485 -2.4% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%)


Wired Telecommunications Carriers 2.2% 12.5% 478 450 -5.9% $66,208 3,830 3,645 0.94 (4.9%)











Telephone Call Centers 0.9% 3.5% 203 236 16.3% $37,620 5,834 6,809 1.63 16.7%

Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 0.8% 10.6% 196 224 14.3% $71,423 1,850 2,094 1.34 13.2%


TOTAL: $57,455 327,020 349710 6.9%


0 250

Computer and Information Sciences, General

Computer Science

Information Technology

Computer Systems Networking and…

Management Information Systems, General

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information…

Computer and Information Systems…


Computer Graphics

Computer Programming/Programmer, General

Medical Informatics

Computer Engineering, General

Network and System Administration/Administrator

Bioinformatics

Data Processing and Data Processing…

Information Resources Management

Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst

Information Related Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013



Associates degree


Bachelors degree


Masters degree


Doctors degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Construction The construction sector continues to rebound in the Joint Metro Region. At the same time, this industry experienced the largest percentage losses of any in the area over the course of the Great Recession. Recent rapid economic growth, strong competition for workers between commercial, industrial and residential construction and with other industries, and aging and vacancy in key occupations increasingly suggest a challenging environment for generating adequate worker supply through 2020. Construction firms largely curtailed hiring during the lengthy economic downturn and by 2015 a whole age cohort was missing from many employers’ workforce. The effects of reverse migration that ensued during the recession further eroded the ranks of foreign-born workers that helped buoy this sector during a prolonged period of sustained strong construction activity. The need to produce quantity of construction workers overall is becoming critical, coupled with a gap in skilled and experienced workers with sufficient tenure to lead teams on critical project activities. With the tight market for construction workers, larger commercial contractors often must and do pay premiums on wages to retain from within the diminished pool of workers available. While growth is projected to subside somewhat in construction employment net gain from 2015 through 2020 it still will outpace the rate gains of the state or nation. This will take place in an environment where construction workforce in many regions may experience a shortage, providing little cushion for this area to draw a surplus from. The construction sector’s largest firms in the area were able to perform better through the duration of the recession with public sector and longer term projects that carried through the downturn. Many smaller firms particularly struggled with declining work and then difficulties in getting a rebound with diminished employment levels to bid on new projects more recently. Construction activity overall has been intense in the market with development in all sectors, including hotel, office, warehouse, and manufacturing projects. Apartment and single family home construction also is attempting to rapidly achieve needed inventory levels to meet market demand. The construction workforce is heavily male and Caucasian with a historically high share of younger workers that now differs due to hiring vacuums occurring during the recession. In fact, the share of workers age 55 and over in construction has risen from one in 10 to one in 5 over the past 15 years. Where workers under 35 then represented over 40% of the workforce, that age group now accounts for barely 25%. The dual needs to maintain a workforce with the ability to perform construction tasks as well as opportunity to transfer knowledge from retiring workers are critical issues in the area’s construction industry at a time when demand is reaching all-time highs for commercial and residential sectors. Historically, construction in the area has depended on sizable levels of contract and contingent labor. Since the recession this practice has spread further, indicating a less-than-cohesive system for sustaining and growing the supply and transferring trade and manual skills from experienced to newer workers.


JMR 33,928 39,847 44,298 17.45% 11.17%

Tennessee 174,784 186,548 205,310 6.73% 10.06%

Nation 5,701,000 6,317,102 6,926,857 10.81% 9.65%

0.9%

8.1%

23.8%25.1% 24.4%

13.7%

4.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Construction Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

85.4%

14.6%

Construction Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 39,847




Many occupations in construction that are defined as middle skills are expected to grow at double digit rates over the next five years in the area. Need for plumbers, roofers and HVAC mechanics are set to increase by between 13 and 16 percent through 2020, with each of these occupations paying between $18.01 and $21.77 per hour. Only seven of the top 20 occupations represented in construction pay less than $15 an hour. The four largest occupational groups in construction are laborers, electricians, first line supervisors and carpenters, together accounting for 28.6% of all construction jobs with pay ranging from $13.62 to $25.95. Among the largest 25 occupations, seven both do not require a college degree and pay greater than $20 per hour. Nearly one in four net additions to construction employment in Tennessee through 2020 will occur in the Joint Metro Region (4,451 added jobs). The very high levels of construction activity are not expected to diminish over the near term and year-over-year increases, in fact, have occurred in construction volume every year since 2010 with 2015 as a record year for commercial construction in volume of dollars and square footage. With a current location quotient of 0.9 it remains clear that the market is understaffed relative to the level of activity underway, or stated otherwise, that a worker shortage is present and growing. The area relies on several institutions to provide training for the construction industry, though much of the training occurs in apprenticeships and on-the-job training with firms. Middle Tennessee State University offers a large construction and concrete management program and Nashville State Community College provides electrician training. Several TCATs offer certificate level training pertinent to the construction field.

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Construction Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region



86.0%

7.0% 5.1%1.0% 0.5% 0.3% 0.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

White Hispanic or Latino Black or AfricanAmerican

Asian Two or More Races American Indian orAlaska Native


Islander

Construction Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500

Business Administration and Management, General

Business/Commerce, General

Mechanical Engineering

Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering

Civil Engineering, General

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Electrician

Engineering Science


Construction Management

Engineering, General

Computer Engineering, General

Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering

Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering

Building Construction Technology

Materials Science

Architectural Engineering

Construction Related Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013



Associates degree


Bachelors degree


Masters degree


Doctors degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Top Occupations within Construction Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Construction Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014 Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020

% Total

Jobs Change

Construction Laborers 11.7% 4,638 5,077 9% $13.62 Less than high school 5,693 6,220 0.91 9%

Electricians 5.9% 2,341 2,581 10% $21.49 High school diploma or equivalent 3,134 3,408 0.78 9%

Carpenters 5.5% 2,177 2,424 11% $16.93 High school diploma or equivalent 2,555 2,837 0.57 11%

First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 5.5% 2,188 2,429 11% $25.95 High school diploma or

equivalent 2,824 3,109 0.80 10%

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 5.0% 2,012 2,281 13% $20.09 Postsecondary non-

degree award 2,647 2,930 1.37 11%

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 4.5% 1,841 2,139 16% $21.77 High school diploma or equivalent 2,257 2,580 0.82 14%

Construction Managers 3.8% 1,520 1,647 8% $36.21 Bachelor's degree 1,867 2,019 1.15 8%


General and Operations Managers 2.9% 1,152 1,263 10% $40.32 Bachelor's degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Sheet Metal Workers 2.4% 966 1,069 11% $18.27 High school diploma or equivalent 1,465 1,560 1.45 6%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 2.4% 951 1,083 14% $14.63 High school diploma or

equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 2.3% 916 1,002 9% $17.54 High school diploma or

equivalent 1,517 1,644 0.60 8%

Cost Estimators 2.2% 895 1,013 13% $27.22 Bachelor's degree 1,339 1,478 0.88 10%

Painters, Construction and Maintenance 2.1% 833 880 6% $15.38 Less than high school 1,167 1,234 0.77 6%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 2.0% 788 870 10% $17.21 High school diploma or

equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Roofers 1.9% 766 886 16% $18.01 Less than high school 783 903 1.06 15%

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1.8% 726 778 7% $17.63 Postsecondary non-degree award 15,990 16,862 1.37 5%

Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 1.4% 547 624 14% $17.56 Less than high school 578 658 0.54 14%

Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 1.4% 558 612 10% $31.61 High school diploma or equivalent 1,071 1,121 1.31 5%

Helpers--Electricians 1.4% 544 609 12% $13.69 High school diploma or equivalent 578 644 1.19 11%

Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 1.1% 432 486 13% $14.86 High school diploma or

equivalent 449 504 1.22 12%


Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 0.9% 346 373 8% $12.10 Less than high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Helpers--Roofers 0.8% 345 385 12% $12.61 Less than high school 345 385 3.57 12%

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 0.8% 338 378 12% $26.90 High school diploma or

equivalent 3,455 3,641 1.10 5%

TOTAL: 146,031 155857 7%


Top Industries for Construction Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Construction Occupations within Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015

Jobs

2020

Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020

% Total Jobs

Change

Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors 10.6% 56.9% 3131 3450 10.2% $51,140 5,496 6,010 0.97 9.4%

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors 10.5% 43.3% 3159 3664 16.0% $53,760 7,288 8,409 1.09 15.4%

Residential Building Construction 7.8% 56.8% 2256 2418 7.2% $60,866 3,965 4,200 0.84 5.9%

Commercial and Institutional Building Construction 5.8% 52.3% 1713 1936 13.0% $67,533 3,267 3,652 0.83 11.8%


Site Preparation Contractors 4.0% 57.3% 1169 1253 7.2% $42,938 2,039 2,168 0.96 6.4%

Masonry Contractors 4.0% 74.5% 1198 1535 28.1% $36,836 1,605 2,027 1.68 26.3%

Roofing Contractors 4.0% 83.4% 1213 1400 15.4% $46,049 1,457 1,689 1.21 15.9%


Drywall and Insulation Contractors 3.3% 75.3% 978 1131 15.6% $41,843 1,298 1,489 0.88 14.7%

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction 3.2% 60.6% 942 1015 7.7% $49,879 1,555 1,662 0.73 6.9%

All Other Specialty Trade Contractors 3.2% 56.9% 949 1092 15.1% $43,204 1,669 1,913 0.80 14.6%


Painting and Wall Covering Contractors 2.4% 86.9% 692 710 2.6% $37,481 796 818 0.59 2.7%

Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors 2.2% 76.4% 642 703 9.5% $43,075 839 916 0.69 9.1%

Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction 1.9% 63.1% 530 449 -15.3% $43,352 840 710 0.71 (15.4%)

Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction 1.7% 31.6% 512 588 14.8% $65,122 1,613 1,829 1.29 13.4%

Other Building Finishing Contractors 1.2% 54.7% 371 444 19.7% $40,908 677 808 1.36 19.2%

Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors 1.2% 62.2% 347 410 18.2% $42,687 558 654 1.83 17.2%

Other Building Equipment Contractors 1.1% 34.7% 362 470 29.8% $60,719 1,031 1,287 1.05 24.8%

Finish Carpentry Contractors 1.1% 54.9% 327 333 1.8% $41,964 594 602 0.66 1.2%

Industrial Building Construction 1.0% 52.0% 271 244 -10.0% $83,694 522 467 0.47 (10.5%)


Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 0.9% 62.4% 268 352 31.3% $43,450 428 560 0.77 30.6%

Flooring Contractors 0.8% 54.4% 246 280 13.8% $38,004 451 511 1.01 13.2%

TOTAL: $45,171 143,076 153876 7.5%


Creative and Cultural Industries A workforce subset of special importance in the Joint Metro Region relates to the creative sector. Drawing from the terms set forth first by Richard Florida, the ‘creative class’ are those workers who engage in fields that involve some aspect of original design, development, process or function that distinguishes their occupation. Not needing to look extensively, the Joint Metro Region provides superabundant examples of this type of worker. The identification as Music City as the region’s core resonates truly with the workforce and industry mix of the area. The music industry of Nashville numerically exceeds that of all U.S. cities, including New York and Los Angeles, when adjusted for population size. An unusual aspect of the creative sector and in cultural content industries is a much greater likelihood of many workers both to hold multiple jobs and to be self-employed. Data show that artists, for example are 3.5 times more likely to be self-employed than workers overall. At the same time, they are generally more highly educated than other workers. Still, they are less likely than other workers to typically have a full year of employment or full-time employment33. These are factors that continue to generate attention as a reflection of the comparatively large number of creative and arts-oriented workforce of the region. Responses such as the creation of the Ryman Lofts as an alternative, lower cost housing option in Nashville is evidence of public policy innovation to address earnings and budget concerns for an occupational group closely associated with the Nashville identity. Research also finds that the ‘middle class’ of the music industry workforce has continued to decline (Tennessean story). The ongoing transformation continues in the music industry as sales of physical product such as CDs decline while online and other sales, though increasing, lag the earlier levels. The region’s workforce in creative and cultural content areas continues to be considerably younger than that of most industries. Growth in the sector overall is forecast to slow from current levels in the next five years as that industry reshaping continues. Many occupations that were mainstays of the music and entertainment industry for decades now experience declines as new technologies and consumption patterns displace predecessor skills and roles. While the region possesses world class training in the music sector from technical and management standpoint, both the local and national demand for skills continues to remain in flux. Growth of the entire creative sector in the Joint Metro Region is anticipated to mirror levels of increase nationally, both at around half the rate of the half decade now ending.

33http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/105.pdf

Jobs and Job Change

2010 2015 2020 2010-2015 2015-2020

JMR 10,267 11,690 12,410 13.86% 6.16%

Tennessee 47,849 52,589 55,646 9.91% 5.81%

Nation 1,903,739 2,138,402 2,279,195 12.33% 6.58%

6.6%

16.5%

26.5%

18.2%16.3%

10.9%

4.9%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Creative and Cultural Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

60.7%

39.3%

Creative and Cultural Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 11,690

Average Earnings: $79, 534 (2014)



http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/105.pdf

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Creative and Cultural Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region


88.3%

7.0%2.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Hispanic or Latino Asian Two or More RacesAmerican Indian orAlaska Native


Islander

Creative and Cultural Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015


Top Occupations within Creative and Cultural Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Creative and Cultural Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs Change

Musicians and Singers 13.5% 1,558 1,561 0% $26.76 High school diploma or equivalent 2,647 2,704 3.52 2%

Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 6.4% 727 739 2% $16.60 High school diploma or equivalent 1,571 1,637 0.86 4%

Amusement and Recreation Attendants 5.1% 600 654 9% $9.36 Less than high school 1,185 1,282 0.60 8%

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 3.6% 430 478 11% $11.82 Less than high school 5,436 5,980 0.84 10%

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 3.4% 404 441 9% $26.57 Bachelor's degree 489 525 5.25 7%

Waiters and Waitresses 3.1% 365 403 10% $8.94 Less than high school 20,593 21,362 1.17 4%



Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 2.2% 261 276 6% $9.06 Less than high school 675 732 0.82 8%

Childcare Workers 2.2% 253 256 1% $9.30 High school diploma or equivalent 6,687 7,212 1.23 8%

Tour Guides and Escorts 2.1% 248 263 6% $13.06 High school diploma or equivalent 427 457 1.62 7%

Office Clerks, General 2.0% 235 249 6% $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent 20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Cashiers 2.0% 233 244 5% $9.16 Less than high school 20,882 21,434 0.88 3%


equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1.7% 196 212 8% $17.38 High school diploma or equivalent 10,155 10,680 1.03 5%

Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1.5% 175 186 6% $9.75 Less than high school 13,148 13,942 0.78 6%

Coaches and Scouts 1.5% 171 182 6% $15.22 Bachelor's degree 1,194 1,317 0.78 10%

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 1.5% 173 186 8% $19.72 Postsecondary non-degree award 954 994 1.91 4%

Security Guards 1.4% 169 182 8% $10.74 High school diploma or equivalent 7,204 8,032 0.87 11%

Customer Service Representatives 1.3% 152 159 5% $14.27 High school diploma or equivalent 20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers 1.2% 144 150 4% $8.81 High school diploma or

equivalent 787 830 0.80 5%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 1.2% 140 139 (1%) $13.57 High school diploma or equivalent 7,423 7,941 1.00 7%

Retail Salespersons 1.2% 137 149 9% $10.02 Less than high school 30,705 32,665 0.97 6%

Recreation Workers 1.1% 133 143 8% $9.72 Bachelor's degree 1,716 1,876 0.69 9%


equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

TOTAL: 244,831 259442 6%


Top Industries for Creative and Cultural Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Within Creative and Cultural Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 % Total

Jobs Change

Musical Groups and Artists 9.8% 83.6% 1466 1461 -0.3% $123,952 1,752 1,747 7.53 (0.3%) Religious Organizations 9.1% 8.6% 1384 1463 5.7% $19,850 16,111 17,016 1.34 5.6% Motion Picture and Video Distribution 8.1% 54.4% 1112 910 -18.2% $65,964 2,049 1,658 39.92 (19.1%) Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers 5.0% 59.6% 766 822 7.3% $73,314 1,285 1,378 3.38 7.3% Television Broadcasting 3.3% 54.0% 508 539 6.1% $58,842 941 998 1.06 6.0% Radio Broadcasting 3.2% 50.7% 491 525 6.9% $45,213 969 1,039 1.53 7.2% Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 3.0% 3.4% 445 470 5.6% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%) Education (Local Government) 3.0% 1.0% 446 470 5.4% $39,892 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.7% Music Publishers 2.9% 35.5% 445 466 4.7% $70,572 1,253 1,313 36.92 4.8% Motion Picture and Video Production 2.8% 54.6% 456 576 26.3% $73,830 838 1,047 0.59 25.0% Newspaper Publishers 2.0% 25.5% 264 182 -31.1% $46,110 1,031 706 0.79 (31.6%) Photographic Services 1.6% 53.8% 226 186 -17.7% $28,072 419 344 1.20 (18.0%) Education (State Government) 1.4% 1.9% 225 265 17.8% $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% Management of Companies and Enterprises 1.3% 1.3% 205 222 8.3% $107,691 16,029 17,196 1.06 7.3% Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.3% 0.6% 198 215 8.6% $38,361 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.6%

Elementary and Secondary Schools 1.2% 2.6% 185 192 3.8% $34,634 7,232 7,529 1.02 4.1% State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.2% 0.5% 182 188 3.3% $45,832 33,601 34,348 2.11 2.2%

Integrated Record Production/Distribution 1.2% 35.5% 171 161 -5.8% $79,092 480 454 17.93 (5.4%) Florists 1.1% 41.8% 153 113 -26.1% $17,778 366 269 0.88 (26.6%) Periodical Publishers 1.1% 20.7% 170 221 30.0% $63,053 817 1,058 1.24 29.5% Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services 1.0% 1.1% 160 179 11.9% $97,132 15,047 16,589 2.17 10.2%

Advertising Agencies 1.0% 16.1% 159 182 14.5% $67,611 984 1,120 0.69 13.8% Graphic Design Services 1.0% 41.8% 148 144 -2.7% $52,720 355 344 0.80 (3.0%) Spectator Sports 1.0% 27.0% 142 145 2.1% $449,300 523 539 0.53 3.0% Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 0.9% 1.0% 141 136 -3.5% $64,599 14,834 14,288 0.92 (3.7%)

$52,603 217,125 227886 5.0%


0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500


Music Management

Mass Communication/Media Studies


Recording Arts Technology/Technician

Health and Physical Education/Fitness, General

Marketing/Marketing Management, General

Music, Other

Music, General

Spanish Language and Literature

Culinary Arts/Chef Training

Foreign Languages and Literatures, General

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General

Graphic Design

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management

Public Administration

Communication, General

Speech Communication and Rhetoric

Cinematography and Film/Video Production

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design

Commercial and Advertising Art

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication

French Language and Literature

Computer Graphics

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching

Music Performance, General

Design and Visual Communications, General

International Business/Trade/Commerce

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

Digital Arts

Film/Cinema/Video Studies

Restaurant, Culinary, and Catering Management/Manager

German Language and Literature

Stringed Instruments

Journalism

Music Technology

Organizational Communication, General

Photographic and Film/Video Technology/Technician and Assistant

Communication and Media Studies, Other

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication, Other

Voice and Opera

Music Theory and Composition

Public Relations/Image Management

Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, Other

Creative Writing

Computer Software and Media Applications, Other

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

Russian Language and Literature

Keyboard Instruments

Broadcast Journalism

Woodwind Instruments

Directing and Theatrical Production

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments Including Deafness

Brass Instruments

Percussion Instruments

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

Health Communication

Foodservice Systems Administration/Management

Creative and Cultural Related Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013


Award of at least 1 but less than 2academic yearsAssociates degree

Award of at least 2 but less than 4academic yearsBachelors degree


Masters degree


Doctors degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Logistics and Distribution The locational advantages of the Joint Metro Region rank among the most important economic features favoring many industries in the area. Crossed by three major interstates and served by CSX and other rail systems, a fully navigable river leading the Gulf of Mexico and air service to a multitude of North American destinations, the region functions as one of the most compelling and growing centers of logistics in the nation. Continued growth in Sunbelt population and business means that this area is ever closer to a majority of the economic activity of the nation. The location quotient of 1.14 for this sector indicates the abundance of activity in these industries associated with the location and infrastructure of this region.

Warehousing and Transportation The warehousing and transportation sector is expected to growing faster than the state or national rate from 2015 through 2020. A net increase of 2,572 jobs is projected that would represent 17.6 percent of the Tennessee gains in that period. Even so, growth across the nation is expected to slow considerably over the coming five years compared with recent levels. As with other industries dealing with manufacture and handling of goods, the period 2010 to 2015 experienced above-average gains in employment due to accumulated demand in employment and growth in recovery from losses during the Great Recession when job reduction was widespread. Five of the most numerous occupations in this sector are expected to see double digit growth through 2020. Only four of the 25 jobs require any type of postsecondary credential or degree, still indicating a substantial opportunity with middle skill roles in the logistics for occupations where training and experience are the complements to high school completion. Seven of the 25 leading occupations pay greater than $25 per hour; 15 pay over $15 an hour; and there are two that pay over $40 an hour. Employment in the logistics sector is disproportionately comprised of males (78.6%) and continues to show an aging workforce. Currently more than one in five workers is age 55 or over, up sharply from approximately half that ratio less than a generation ago. As recently as the late 1990s workers under age 35 represented nearly 40% of this sector’s workforce; now that level is under 25%. Among occupations in the industry tractor trailer truck drivers comprise the largest group at 29 percent. Employers point out the relative difficulty of hiring truck drivers of all types, partly relating to background checks. The increasing need for technical skills is impacting many traditional occupations as well as spurring creation of new jobs specifically oriented to technology applications.

Jobs and Job Change 2010 2015 2020 Growth 2010-2015

Growth 2015-2020

Joint Metro Region 29,093 37,525 40,047 28.98% 6.72%

Tennessee 209,780 244,055 258,625 16.34% 5.97%

Nation 4,163,866 4,708,802 4,965,528 13.09% 5.45%

0.4%

7.6%

19.5%

24.9%

28.0%

16.6%

3.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Warehousing and Transportation Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

78.62%

21.38%

Warehousing and Transportation Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 37,525




0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Warehousing and Transportation Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region


74.7%

20.3%

3.0% 1.1% 0.6% 0.2% 0.1%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%




Warehousing and Transportation Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015


Top Occupations within Warehousing and Transportation Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Warehousing and Transportation Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Employed

in

Industry

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry

Level Education

Total 2015

Jobs

Total 2020

Jobs

2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 29.0% 10,821 11,452 6% $17.63 Postsecondary non-degree award 15,990 16,862 1.37 5%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 15.9% 5,981 6,351 6% $12.10 Less than high

school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 4.8% 1,763 1,780 1% $13.77 High school diploma or equivalent

5,425 5,676 0.94 5%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 3.5% 1,331 1,387 4% $14.95 Less than high school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)

Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 2.0% 766 819 7% $11.07 Less than high school 17,100 17,255 1.35 1%

Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 2.0% 748 798 7% $17.33 High school diploma or equivalent

1,542 1,654 1.11 7%

First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 1.7% 657 700 7% $21.62


1,830 1,911 1.50 4%

Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 1.7% 640 694 8% $17.45 High school diploma or equivalent

1,238 1,334 1.08 8%

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 1.7% 644 682 6% $14.86 High school diploma or equivalent

4,945 5,067 1.01 2%

Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 1.7% 636 675 6% $19.70


2,068 2,185 1.19 6%

First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 1.7% 634 674 6% $24.86


1,571 1,646 1.09 5%

Customer Service Representatives 1.7% 638 691 8% $14.27 High school diploma or equivalent

20,335 21,983 1.15 8%


Office Clerks, General 1.4% 540 573 6% $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent

20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Packers and Packagers, Hand 1.3% 489 550 12% $9.46 Less than high school 4,991 5,158 1.01 3%

Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 1.2% 447 478 7% $32.48


1,154 1,204 1.52 4%

Bus Drivers, School or Special Client 1.2% 459 539 17% $12.15 High school diploma or equivalent

2,802 2,960 0.81 6%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1.1% 427 464 9% $23.14


11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 1.1% 430 479 11% $23.79 Postsecondary non-degree award 718 766 0.83 7%

Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels 1.1% 417 473 13% $46.61 Bachelor's degree 459 518 1.92 13%

Sailors and Marine Oilers 1.1% 403 457 13% $19.91 Less than high school 472 529 2.07 12%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 0.9% 352 380 8% $23.22 High school diploma or equivalent

5,700 6,264 0.95 10%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 0.8% 321 348 8% $17.21 High school diploma or equivalent

12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks 0.7% 265 264 (0%) $15.03


446 468 0.45 5%

Conveyor Operators and Tenders 0.7% 264 267 1% $14.16 Less than high school 567 564 1.90 (1%)

TOTAL: 189,866 5%


Top Industries for Warehousing and Transportation Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Warehousing and Transportation Occupations within Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015

Jobs

2020

Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 -

2020 %

Total

Jobs

Change

General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance 13.0% 80.6% 10213 10808 5.8% $46,660 12,671 13,425 2.44 6.0%


Couriers and Express Delivery Services 5.3% 80.6% 4121 4102 -0.5% $42,323 5,113 5,081 1.40 (0.6%)

General Warehousing and Storage 4.9% 62.8% 4023 4543 12.9% $37,049 6,412 7,244 1.42 13.0%




Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance 1.6% 76.3% 1227 1332 8.6% $21,919 1,603 1,727 0.99 7.7%

Restaurants and Other Eating Places 1.5% 1.6% 1185 1254 5.8% $16,155 74,462 78,055 1.08 4.8%

Inland Water Transportation 1.4% 70.5% 1138 1271 11.7% $70,152 1,613 1,789 8.18 10.9%


New Car Dealers 1.1% 13.5% 879 875 -0.5% $54,289 6,529 6,501 0.91 (0.4%)

General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers 1.1% 46.7% 799 679 -15.0% $55,009 1,715 1,464 1.03 (14.6%)

Home Centers 1.1% 16.1% 865 951 9.9% $27,311 5,383 5,928 1.12 10.1%



Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers 0.9% 28.8% 755 821 8.7% $46,360 2,619 2,851 2.24 8.9%

Freight Transportation Arrangement 0.9% 28.7% 748 806 7.8% $55,896 2,625 2,884 1.88 9.9%


Parking Lots and Garages 0.9% 41.7% 678 706 4.1% $18,456 1,632 1,722 1.76 5.5%

Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local 0.8% 78.7% 585 579 -1.0% $42,426 743 735 0.48 (1.1%)

Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 0.7% 46.7% 593 730 23.1% $45,775 1,271 1,575 0.83 23.8%


Waste Collection 0.7% 71.2% 551 634 15.1% $47,364 775 898 0.68 15.8%


TOTAL: $34,489 317,522 334988 5.5%


Wholesale Trade

Wholesale trade represents another major component of the logistics continuum in the economy. Growth in this sector in the Joint Metro Region is expected to outperform both the state and nation through 2020 with slightly more than 3,000 jobs added to total employment. This gain represents slightly more than (33.5%) total net employment gain in the state for those five years. Average earnings in this portion of the logistics sector are considerably higher than in the warehousing and transportation industries as a whole ($74,415 versus $56,493). Only eight of the top 25 occupations are projected to grow by less than seven percent and generally those are among the lower paying roles in the industry. Five of the 25 jobs pay greater than $25 per hour. Four of the occupations that pay more than $20 per hour do not require a bachelor’s degree as a minimum requirement. Here, as with warehousing and transportation, many jobs that command moderate and higher income levels fall into middle skills roles and are accessible without extensive postsecondary training or credentials. The age structure of the wholesale trade industries illustrates an even more disproportionate tilt emerging toward and older workforce with 20.7 percent of employees age 55 and over and nearly half (47.3%) age 45 and over. Replacing workers in many of these roles is expressed as a concern by employers in the logistics sector, noting that relevant work experience and transfer of experience to new workers, coupled with increasing technology skills in many jobs, compound challenges to find sufficient supply of workers.


JMR 36,323 42,349 45,374 16.59% 7.14%

Tennessee 189,082 202,319 211,341 7.00% 4.46%

Nation 5,466,463 5,907,543 6,229,143 8.07% 5.44%

0.4%

5.6%

21.2%

25.5%26.4%

16.6%

4.3%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Wholesale Trade Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

68.4%

31.6%

Wholesale Trade Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 42,349




Top Occupations within Wholesale Trade Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Wholesale Trade Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Employed

in

Industry

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020

% Total

Jobs Change

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

11.5% 4,897 5,410 10% $23.44 High school diploma or equivalent 7,203 7,814 0.70 8%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 9.1% 3,817 4,022 5% $12.10 Less than high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 7.3% 3,112 3,329 7% $28.16 Bachelor's degree 4,803 5,093 1.82 6%

Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 4.5% 1,899 1,925 1% $11.07 Less than high school 17,100 17,255 1.35 1%

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 3.9% 1,649 1,747 6% $17.63 Postsecondary non-degree award 15,990 16,862 1.37 5%




Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 2.6% 1,103 1,188 8% $14.86 High school diploma or equivalent 4,945 5,067 1.01 2%

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 2.4% 1,027 1,106 8% $13.77 High school diploma or equivalent 5,425 5,676 0.94 5%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 2.0% 830 895 8% $17.21 High school diploma or equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 1.7% 710 723 2% $14.95 Less than high school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)

First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 1.6% 674 724 7% $35.83 High school diploma

or equivalent 2,003 2,124 1.13 6%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 1.5% 655 727 11% $14.63 High school diploma

or equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Driver/Sales Workers 1.5% 632 678 7% $14.91 High school diploma or equivalent 2,280 2,376 0.78 4%


Sales Managers 1.5% 617 664 8% $41.04 Bachelor's degree 3,112 3,264 1.22 5%

Team Assemblers 1.4% 591 626 6% $16.57 High school diploma or equivalent 17,144 17,598 2.25 3%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1.3% 544 584 7% $23.14 High school diploma

or equivalent 11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Order Clerks 1.1% 463 477 3% $14.94 High school diploma or equivalent 1,512 1,496 1.07 (1%)

Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 1.0% 434 464 7% $19.70 High school diploma

or equivalent 2,068 2,185 1.19 6%

Parts Salespersons 1.0% 431 464 8% $14.55 Less than high school 2,033 2,221 1.24 9%

85.2%

10.0%

2.8% 1.3% 0.5% 0.1% 0.0%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%




Wholesale Trade Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015




First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 0.9% 361 382 6% $21.62 High school diploma

or equivalent 1,830 1,911 1.50 4%

TOTAL: 262,791 277196 5% 5%


0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750



Aeronautics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology,General


Truck and Bus Driver/Commercial Vehicle Operator andInstructor

Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management


Aviation/Airway Management and Operations

Logistics Related Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013





Masters degree

Source: EMSI,2015


Hospitality Rapid expansion of the Joint Metro Region’s hospitality sector has characterized the employment pattern locally. Owing to a host of factors- the opening of Music City Center, international media showcasing Nashville music and growth, and a vibrant expansion of hotels and restaurants, the hospitality industry has witnessed unprecedented growth. The period of economic recovery has shown dynamic increases in tourism and hospitality at the local, state and national levels from 2010 through 2015. The 11 million annual visitor total has propelled the region to a new competitive set with venues and events that have transformed the offerings and attractiveness of the city for tourism. Projections suggest that the five year period ahead will see a tempered growth rate at each of those levels, though still positive. Employment is expected to grow by 4,268 through 2020, accounting for 33.6% of total state net change in hospitality jobs. Already, employers find the market for workers very competitive and this is likely to remain so into the next five year period. Among industry sectors, hospitality has one of the youngest workforce sets; 38.8% of employees are under age 25 and 65.1% are under 35. The hospitality industry is experiencing a very tight labor market due to increased demand. The largest occupations in the industry cluster are waiters and waitresses, food preparation workers, and restaurant cooks, respectively, accounting for 48.0% of all jobs. Among the 25 leading occupations in hospitality, sixteen have median hourly wages under $10. While numerous hospitality occupations qualify as middle skill roles by type of postsecondary training involved, the earnings levels for many jobs do not correspond to accepted definitions of middle skills jobs. As in any industry, career paths are important to consider. In a growing tourism sector such as found in the Joint Metro Region, career advancement opportunities are more abundant than some other areas. Four of the 25 top occupations pay over $20 per hour and are projected to add 80 net new jobs through 2020. The need for workers is rather sizable across a large share of the accommodations and food services industries. Not only is turnover high and increasing, but an ongoing need to strengthen customer service skills and employment ‘soft skills’ is in evidence. The area has gained a remarkable new reputation for fine dining and as a food culture locale. This has created a desirability of cooks and chefs to migrate to the area in larger number, though the very large sector of restaurants, particularly in limited service establishments, struggles to contain turnover rates and fully staff many facilities. With rising cost of living in the area, this and other portions of the hospitality sector, finds commuting to be an uneconomical challenge for workers in a number of areas. Currently the region has few institutions with programs that specialize in training for this sector’s workforce. The culinary arts program at Nashville State Community College is one early initiative that offers prospects of wider enrollment and customization.


JMR 78,010 92,913 97,181 19.10% 4.59%

Tennessee 381,477 442,604 455,309 16.02% 2.87%

Nation 11,103,075 12,778,009 13,533,419 15.09% 5.91%

10.7%

28.1%26.3%

14.5%

11.6%

5.9%

3.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Hospitality Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

46.2%

53.8%

Hospitality Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 92,913




0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

Hospitality Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region


68.8%

18.2%

7.5%3.8%

1.3% 0.3% 0.2%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%




Hospitality Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015


Top Occupations within Hospitality Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Hospitality Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014 Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020

% Total Jobs

Change

Waiters and Waitresses 21.1% 19,557 20,230 3% $8.94 Less than high school 20,593 21,362 1.17 4%

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 17.4% 16,302 17,598 8% $8.85 Less than high school 18,569 20,011 0.82 8%

Cooks, Restaurant 9.5% 8,880 9,561 8% $10.63 Less than high school 9,197 9,902 1.16 8%

Cooks, Fast Food 6.0% 5,494 5,511 0% $8.75 Less than high school 5,641 5,666 1.52 0%

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 5.3% 4,960 5,330 7% $13.87 High school diploma

or equivalent 5,929 6,369 0.94 7%

Food Preparation Workers 4.6% 4,292 4,405 3% $9.24 Less than high school 6,577 6,773 1.07 3%

Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 3.6% 3,372 3,489 3% $9.00 Less than high school 3,482 3,606 1.32 4%

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 3.5% 3,229 3,307 2% $9.21 Less than high school 7,126 7,544 0.95 6%

Dishwashers 3.1% 2,903 3,020 4% $8.97 Less than high school 3,231 3,379 0.88 5%

Cashiers 2.5% 2,357 2,414 2% $9.16 Less than high school 20,882 21,434 0.88 3%

Food Service Managers 2.5% 2,282 2,313 1% $20.62 High school diploma or equivalent 2,695 2,754 1.94 2%

Bartenders 2.2% 2,050 2,219 8% $9.16 Less than high school 2,446 2,650 0.60 8%

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 2.1% 1,902 1,976 4% $9.55 High school diploma or equivalent 1,962 2,042 1.17 4%

Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 1.7% 1,619 1,715 6% $9.09 Less than high school 1,901 2,024 0.62 6%

Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 1.7% 1,529 1,536 0% $8.97 Less than high school 2,165 2,233 0.65 3%

Cooks, Short Order 1.4% 1,264 1,269 0% $9.19 Less than high school 1,479 1,493 1.22 1%

Driver/Sales Workers 1.1% 999 1,061 6% $14.91 High school diploma or equivalent 2,280 2,376 0.78 4%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 0.9% 819 836 2% $17.38 High school diploma or equivalent 10,155 10,680 1.03 5%


Chefs and Head Cooks 0.8% 701 720 3% $22.01 High school diploma or equivalent 849 878 1.07 3%

Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 0.6% 598 614 3% $9.99 Less than high school 1,505 1,650 0.83 10%

Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 0.6% 527 563 7% $11.34 Less than high school 3,012 3,228 0.99 7%

Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other 0.5% 502 514 2% $9.03 Less than high school 886 910 2.92 3%

Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 0.5% 496 515 4% $9.75 Less than high school 13,148 13,942 0.78 6%

Lodging Managers 0.4% 366 371 1% $20.96 High school diploma or equivalent 397 405 1.77 2%

TOTAL: 161,828 170001 5%


0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500



Culinary Arts/Chef Training



Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, General


Restaurant, Culinary, and CateringManagement/Manager

Foodservice Systems Administration/Management

Hospitality Related Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013





Source: EMSI,2015


Headquarters, back offices, and shared services The business services cluster here identified as an aggregate of major industry types by standard definition. Functionally these operations encompass primarily office-based services that are not otherwise specifically designated in another industry. For instance, finance and insurance industry and workforce patterns are examined under that title. Additionally, there are many operations in the Joint Metro Region that serve in a role of overall management, back office, headquarters, shared services or some other capacity that supersedes an otherwise industry-specific designation. Therefore, this cluster, which includes over 78,000 workers, is included here with two key component sub clusters of management of companies and professional services. While many of the occupations in these transcend several industries, the data illustrate both the total employment levels of each given occupation in all industries as well as the portion that occurs within each of the sub clusters below. Many major businesses in the Joint Metro Region are included in whole or in part within the industries identified in this cluster. National headquarters such as Nissan North America, Bridgestone Americas, HCA, and others with major presence in office functions can be considered in these groups. Additionally, the region’s large contingent of professional service firms in law, accounting, and consulting contribute to the total set here identified in the business services cluster. Management of Companies The employment in the group of business identified as management of companies is expected to grow faster than the state or national rate in the Joint Metro Region through 2020. At the same time, growth projections show significant slowing. The rapid growth of 2010-2015 largely suggests an aberration resulting from aftermath of the Great Recession and the typical performance in a period of economic recovery. Earnings in this sector are among the highest of all industry sets at an annual average of $126,734. Five of the top 25 occupations earn between $30 and $40 per hour and six earn more than $40 per hour. Not surprisingly, 12 jobs require a bachelor’s degree as a minimum educational requirement. Distribution of age and sex across employment in this sector closely mirrors the workforce as a whole.


JMR 11,071 16,029 17,186 44.78% 7.22%

Tennessee 46,225 59,529 62,631 28.78% 5.21%

Nation 1,854,778 2,178,107 2,289,597 17.43% 5.12%

47.8%

52.2%

Management of Companies Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Region

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

1.5%

8.3%

22.0%

24.9% 24.7%

15.5%

3.2%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Management of Companies Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 16,209

Average Earnings: $126,734(2014)

Establishments: 322


Top Occupations within Management of Companies Industry with Total Occupation Detail

82.1%

12.7%

2.8% 1.5% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%




Islander

Management of Companies Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

Within Management of Companies Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014 Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change


Customer Service Representatives 4.1% 661 709 7% $14.27 High school diploma or equivalent 20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Financial Managers 4.1% 648 687 6% $47.00 Bachelor's degree 5,618 5,884 1.53 5%



equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 2.5% 392 391 (0%) $19.74 High school diploma or

equivalent 7,658 7,681 1.39 0%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 2.5% 395 423 7% $23.14 High school diploma or

equivalent 11,638 12,418 1.15 7%


Office Clerks, General 2.2% 348 352 1% $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent 20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 1.9% 311 341 10% $24.41 High school diploma or equivalent 5,089 5,403 0.73 6%

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1.9% 304 346 14% $23.49 Bachelor's degree 3,022 3,463 0.91 15%


equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Computer and Information Systems Managers 1.8% 283 302 7% $46.93 Bachelor's degree 2,540 2,710 1.07 7% Chief Executives 1.8% 278 288 4% $67.77 Bachelor's degree 3,147 3,227 1.70 3% Sales Managers 1.7% 278 296 6% $41.04 Bachelor's degree 3,112 3,264 1.22 5% Marketing Managers 1.7% 281 318 13% $41.09 Bachelor's degree 1,432 1,530 1.11 7%


Bill and Account Collectors 1.5% 241 255 6% $15.40 High school diploma or equivalent 5,119 5,574 1.90 9%


Computer User Support Specialists 1.3% 208 224 8% $19.69 Some college, no degree 3,769 4,146 0.86 10% Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 1.2% 196 208 6% $12.10 Less than high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Managers, All Other 1.2% 194 212 9% $36.68 High school diploma or equivalent 1,946 2,051 0.74 5%

Administrative Services Managers 1.1% 182 194 7% $33.73 Bachelor's degree 3,046 3,214 1.52 6%

Billing and Posting Clerks 1.1% 182 196 8% $16.89 High school diploma or equivalent 4,198 4,584 1.13 9%

Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 1.1% 180 192 7% $23.45 High school diploma or

equivalent 908 963 1.12 6%

TOTAL: 194,315 207132 7%


Top Industries for Management Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Management Occupations within Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 -

2020 %

Total

Jobs

Change











Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels 1.5% 6.8% 866 878 1.4% $26,018 12,673 12,944 1.20 2.1%





Real Estate Property Managers 1.1% 21.0% 674 721 7.0% $43,319 3,240 3,556 0.84 9.7%







Elementary and Secondary Schools 0.9% 7.3% 531 550 3.6% $34,634 7,232 7,529 1.02 4.1%



TOTAL: $47,635 431,920 460753 6.7%


Professional Services Professional services, including such areas as law, accounting, technology, marketing and other services, comprises a significant share of the region’s overall office-based business activity. Nearly 6,000 net jobs are anticipated to be added in the Joint Metro Region by 2020, with a growth rate exceeding that of the state and nation. Currently, this sector is underrepresented in the area economy with a location quotient of 0.87. A highly disproportionate share of workers are age 45 to 54 in these industries, for many a reflection of the lengthy education and experience associated with the occupational requirements. Meanwhile, a considerably smaller share of workers are age 55 and over compared with many other industries, though this share is increasing. Average earnings for the sub sector are quite high at $91,641. Fifteen of the top 25 occupations pay greater than $20 an hour. Thirteen of the roles require some amount of college as a minimum to job entry. Several of the jobs are projected to grow by sizable rates over the coming five years, led by market research analysts and management analysts at 22% and 20% respectively. Software developers and computer support specialists are similarly set to grow by 19% and 16%. Sales representatives and customer service representatives, both large occupational groups, together may add nearly 300 new jobs in this industry set alone and over 2,200 in the economy overall. Only four of the top 25 occupations in this cluster earn less than $15 an hour.

Job and Job Change 2010 2015 2020 2010-2015 2015-2020

JMR 40,890 52,963 58,935 29.53% 11.28%

Tennessee 178,048 197,310 217,027 10.82% 9.99%

Nation 7,554,828 8,715,955 9,659,999 15.37% 10.83%

0.4%

5.6%

22.5% 22.6%

33.6%

12.2%

3.1%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

14-18 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+

Professional Services Workforce Age, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015

50.0%50.0%

Profesisonal Services Workforce Gender, Joint Metro Services

Male

Female

Source: EMSI, 2015

2015 Jobs: 52,963




0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Professional Services Workforce by Age Cohort, Joint Metro Region


85.7%

8.4%2.6% 2.6% 0.6% 0.2% 0.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%




Islander

Professional Services Workforce Race and Ethnicity, Joint Metro Region

Source: EMSI, 2015


Top Occupations within Professional Services Industry with Total Occupation Detail

Within Professional Services Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of

Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Employed

in

Industry

(2015)

Employed

in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Median

Hourly

Earnings

Typical Entry Level


2014

Location

Quotient

2015 - 2020

% Total Jobs

Change

Accountants and Auditors 11.6% 6,208 7,038 13% $29.54 Bachelor's degree 12,036 13,185 1.34 10%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 4.2% 2,215 2,429 10% $17.21 High school diploma

or equivalent 12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Office Clerks, General 3.4% 1,783 1,922 8% $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent 20,834 21,792 0.91 (1%)

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 3.2% 1,694 1,894 12% $14.63 High school diploma

or equivalent 16,225 17,401 0.88 0%

Paralegals and Legal Assistants 2.9% 1,513 1,608 6% $23.51 Associate's degree 2,273 2,393 1.17 10%


Lawyers 2.7% 1,396 1,456 4% $47.56 Doctoral or professional degree 2,713 2,844 0.64 6%


Computer Systems Analysts 2.2% 1,167 1,312 12% $32.16 Bachelor's degree 4,195 4,634 1.10 10%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 2.1% 1,097 1,245 13% $23.22 High school diploma or equivalent 5,700 6,264 0.95 5%

Management Analysts 2.1% 1,111 1,333 20% $32.14 Bachelor's degree 3,402 3,739 0.79 7%

Computer Programmers 1.8% 953 1,009 6% $36.93 Bachelor's degree 2,393 2,461 1.06 11%

Software Developers, Applications 1.8% 979 1,161 19% $37.91 Bachelor's degree 2,674 2,990 0.55 10%

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 1.7% 900 927 3% $19.74 High school diploma

or equivalent 7,658 7,681 1.39 8%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 1.6% 851 894 5% $13.57 High school diploma or equivalent 7,423 7,941 1.00 7%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1.6% 843 925 10% $23.14 High school diploma

or equivalent 11,638 12,418 1.15 7%


Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1.5% 838 1,025 22% $23.49 Bachelor's degree 3,022 3,463 0.91 5%


Billing and Posting Clerks 1.5% 810 886 9% $16.89 High school diploma or equivalent 4,198 4,584 1.13 10%

Tax Preparers 1.5% 782 867 11% $12.32 High school diploma or equivalent 786 872 1.46 15%


Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 1.1% 579 623 8% $13.46 High school diploma

or equivalent 659 707 1.12 5%

Legal Secretaries 1.1% 539 524 (3%) $25.18 High school diploma or equivalent 700 695 0.46 7%

Network and Computer Systems Administrators 1.0% 549 610 11% $29.73 Bachelor's degree 2,601 2,762 0.98 3%

TOTAL: 171,738 183756 7%


Top Industries for Professional Services Occupations with Total Industry Detail

Professional Services Occupations within Industry Across All Industries

Industry

% of

Occupation

in Industry

(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in

Industry

(2014)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2015)

Occupation

Jobs in

Industry

(2020)

%

Change

(2015 -

2020)

Current

Wages,

Salaries,

&

Proprietor

Earnings

2015

Jobs

2020

Jobs

2015

Location

Quotient

2015 -

2020 %

Total

Jobs

Change
















US Postal Service 1.7% 85.5% 2867 2862 -0.2% $60,016 3,357 3,361 0.82 0.1%








Offices of Lawyers 1.0% 35.1% 1699 1666 -1.9% $74,767 4,889 4,998 0.67 2.2%


TOTAL: $50,424 382,942 406804 6.2%


0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500


Accounting


Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary

Finance, General

Computer Science

Computer Systems Networking andTelecommunications



Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping

Computer and Information Systems Security/InformationAssurance

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science,General

Computer Programming/Programmer, General


Office Management and Supervision

Accounting and Finance

Network and System Administration/Administrator

Accounting and Business/Management

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services

Business, Management, Marketing, and RelatedSupport Services, Other

Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst

Headquarters, back offices and shared services Related Institutional Completions, Joint Metro Region, 2013



Associates degree

Bachelors degree


Masters degree

Masters degree

Source: EMSI,2015


The economy of the Nashville and Clarksville MSAs have experienced extraordinary growth and recovery from the national recession. Job gains have rivalled those of any in the country year after year. The long-term stable growth of the Joint Metro Region, fashioned from deliberate and informed decisions and guidance, remains a hallmark characteristic of the area and its leadership. The diversity of the economy, the levels of entrepreneurship, the favorable business climate, the quality of life and the impressive education and training infrastructure are the pillars that support the vibrant economy. Among those factors of economic production- land, labor, capital, raw materials and knowledge- one increasingly has gained prominence. Labor needs for a region are the heart of its ability to sustain growth where complexity and innovation are the ubiquitous features that are here to stay. At essentially full employment levels by 2015, the Joint Metro Region looks forward to 2020 both with optimism and sense of needed information to guide into that future. Chief aspects of this research point to a few salient issues surrounding that information: middle skills form a uniquely large and important part of the region’s workforce future, assessing supply of workers is more comprehensive that often understood, aging workforce is changing the dynamics of many industries, and education initiatives in the area and state are forces whose impact will increasingly be felt over the next five years. A match between worker skills and employer demands need not be an elusive and ambiguous navigation. Rather, moving from general to specific themes in data, and grounding analysis and display in succinct progression, this report serves as more than a compendium of analysis. The insights and themes of this research offer a platform to guide understanding of shaping direction of workforce issues over the next half decade and beyond. The issues of aging workforce, rapid technology diffusion in jobs, and economic uncertainty are felt in nations around the world. The task of this research is to ground those in the landscape of this region and to produce data-supported scenarios that allow the region not only to cope, but to thrive. The context of the region’s makeup and functionality is intertwined with its labor market efficiency. Worker supply and demand fit is not only about skills match or about sufficient persons to fill a set number of positions. The mobility options of the Joint Metro Region lie at the very heart of a region’s efficiency with single driver commuting across a million workers and 17 counties is the norm. Skills matching, no matter how robust, will lag if the market experiences rapid deterioration in transportation functionality. Economic and social constraints on many individuals and households, as well, preclude many from being full participants in the workforce opportunities which an efficient labor market may prefer to see. Lingering high poverty levels, increased pressure on household finances for housing and transportation limit opportunities for many. Opportunities vary throughout the Joint Metro Region with higher and lower concentrations of jobs overall and job types with easy proximity to workers with matching skills. At the same time, Tennessee’s Promise, the Drive to 55, transit initiatives, poverty reduction programs and other policy forces are useful steps to make inroads into challenges to workforce solutions. During the next five years, the Joint Metro Region may create between 1.1 and 1.5 million job openings. The natural progression of longstanding is for higher skills and education to serve as the primary means of career and salary advancement. The demand for highly- educated workers varies considerably across industries and occupations. Minimum requirements retentions requirements and promotion requirements within this labor market all are edging upward. The dual characteristics of prolonged periods of little change in worker compensation and of technological innovation, has generated a realization and necessity among workers and employers that more education and more training are imperatives. The business community, elected officials and policymakers, the training and education system- together these stakeholders as leaders have a unique opportunity to position the Joint Metro Region as an exemplary model of workforce efficiency. The goal of retaining momentum with creative solutions that engage workforce analysis and issues in all areas of life in the region is ambitious but achievable. This renewed focus on the current and projected patterns establishes a foundation and a path to follow that benefits individual and society alike in the Nashville and Clarksville MSAs.


CONCLUSIONS

The Nashville and Clarksville MSAs have experienced extraordinary growth and recovery from the national recession. Job gains have rivaled those of many other cities year after year. Diverse industries, high levels of entrepreneurship, the favorable busi-ness climate, the quality of life and the strong education and training infrastructure are pillars that support the vibrant econo-my. Yet an even stronger match between worker skills and employer demands must be achieved over the next five years.

During the next five years, the joint metro region may create between 1.1 and 1.5 million job openings. About 15.5 percent of those jobs will require some postsecondary training, and 20 percent may require a four-year or advanced university degree. The demand for skilled and educated workers continues to expand as minimum retention and skill advancement requirements edge upward. Business leaders, policymakers, educational institutions and other stakeholders have a unique opportunity to position the joint metro region as an exemplary model of workforce efficiency. Momentum on creative solutions based on workforce analysis can build that efficiency. This research advances that analysis in several new and important ways. Major findings and conclusions of the research include:

• There are more than 317,000 middle-skill workers in the joint metro region, with high concentrations in the core industry clusters of health care, advanced manufacturingand information technology.

• The Nashville MSA ranks sixth in the nation for density of middle-skill jobs among large metro areas.

• Science, technology, engineering, art and math jobs form a unique component of the region’s employment base, with a growing information technology pool across industries, a large creative/cultural sector, and the educational infrastructure with the potential to respond.

• Job growth in the past three years has exceeded any prior historical comparison, rapidly moving forward the key demographic transitions and pushing the area toward record workforce shortages.

• Managing the balance of workforce supply and demand will require keen attentiveness to the levers that drive worker supply.

• Geographic mismatch and mobility function will be increas-ingly serious barriers to efficiency in the area’s labor market.

• Rapid deterioration in transportation systems and options represents a significant threat to filling workforce supply for many firms.

• Population health and well-being are critical factors in workforce success, with productivity losses experienced through a high prevalence of chronic diseases such as COPD, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, depression and others.• Engaging population and worker subgroups – namely, veterans, unemployed and underemployed, youth and disabled

persons – will become tremendously more important in sustaining workforce supply.

• Retaining knowledge workers and recruiting younger workers is imperative in critical occupations in several industries, particularly manufacturing, construction, health care and others that may experience heightened retirement levels over the next five years.

• Current worker shortages are reshaping competitiveness of firms, with potential impediments to fulfilling contracts, maintaining high-quality output and leveraging growth opportunities.

• Soft skills and technology skills gaps exist across a wide range of occupations and industries; integrating more holistic and complementary training with content knowledge is essential.

• Implementation of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act offers a broad new opportunity to stimulate supply in key occupational groups and workforce areas of Middle Tennessee.

• First results of innovative education initiatives, particularly Drive to 55, Tennessee Promise and Tennessee Reconnect, will impact workforce directions significantly from 2015 to 2020.

• Numerous key occupations and skills are chronically difficult to fill, including those in information technology, advanced manufacturing managerial and skilled roles, health care workers with managerial and diverse business and technical skills, construction workers in manual and managerial roles, logistics roles with technical skills and many lower-skill hospitality occupations, as well as others.

This study serves as a foundation and guiding document, grounded in data and informed by industry leaders. The path to 2020 will be tremendously eventful in the workforce environment for the joint metro region. Relying on this foundation and these scenarios provides policymakers and leaders with an advantage and an assurance for decisions to maintain the region in a high-ly competitive position in an ever more competitive world of talent. Aligning skills, workers and employers in a viable, efficient system can demonstrate the unique qualities that make the joint metro region successful. That purposefulness can enable the area to focus on middle-skill opportunities, to invest in education and training, to overcome efficiency barriers such as trans-portation, and to navigate through the vast demographic age shift that is underway in the workforce.


Table: Non-employer Change 2015-2020, Nashville MSA

Industry Non-employers Industry Non-employers

Total -3% Finance & insurance -22% Forestry, fishing, hunting, & agriculture support -15% Real estate & rental & leasing -15%

Mining -24% Professional, scientific & technical services 7%

Utilities 0% Management of companies & enterprises N/A%

Construction -10% Admin, support, waste mgt, remediation services 1%

Manufacturing -9% Educational services 1%

Wholesale trade -9% Health care & social assistance -6%

Retail trade -7% Arts, entertainment & recreation 14%

Transportation & warehousing -19% Accommodation & food services -6%

Information -26% Other services (except public administration) 1% Source: U.S. Census, 2013

Table: Non-employers, Nashville MSA


Total, all industries

147,628 Finance & insurance

4,429 Forestry, fishing, hunting, & agriculture support

787 Real estate & rental & leasing

13,268

Mining

41 Professional, scientific & technical services

20,780

Utilities

65 Management of companies & enterprises N/A

Construction

16,842 Admin, support, waste mgt, remediation services

13,756

Manufacturing

1,765 Educational services

3,716

Wholesale trade

2,298 Health care & social assistance

9,420

Retail trade

12,017 Arts, entertainment & recreation

15,503


6,035 Accommodation & food services

2,029

Information

3,370 Other services (except public administration)

21,507


Table: Non-employer Change 2015-2020, Clarksville MSA


Total -% Finance & insurance -36% Forestry, fishing, hunting, & agriculture support -6% Real estate & rental & leasing -4%

Mining N/A Professional, scientific & technical services 5%

Utilities 0% Management of companies & enterprises N/A%

Construction -15% Admin, support, waste mgt, remediation services 0%

Manufacturing -10% Educational services 11%

Wholesale trade -9% Health care & social assistance -10%

Retail trade 0% Arts, entertainment & recreation 15%

Transportation & warehousing -25% Accommodation & food services -6%

Information -10% Other services (except public administration) -3% Source: U.S. Census, 2013

Table: Non-employers, Clarksville MSA


Total

13,128 Finance & insurance

275 Forestry, fishing, hunting, & agriculture support

159 Real estate & rental & leasing

1,441

Mining N/A Professional, scientific & technical services

1,023

Utilities

11 Management of companies & enterprises N/A

Construction

2,036 Admin, support, waste mgt, remediation services

1,352

Manufacturing

171 Educational services

266

Wholesale trade

185 Health care & social assistance

1,160

Retail trade

1,356 Arts, entertainment & recreation

475


472 Accommodation & food services

197

Information

106 Other services (except public administration)

2,432


Table: Occupations not classified as middle skill due to financial restraint, Joint Metro Region

Description 2015 Jobs

Median Hourly

Earnings Typical Entry Level Education

Nursing Assistants 8,577 $12.04 Postsecondary non-degree award

Teacher Assistants 6,184 $10.15 Some college, no degree

Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 4,054 $11.34 Associate's degree

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 3,000 $12.61 High school diploma or equivalent

Correctional Officers and Jailers 2,882 $13.58 High school diploma or equivalent

Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 1,867 $12.02 Postsecondary non-degree award

Phlebotomists 1,185 $11.44 Postsecondary non-degree award

Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 839 $11.69 High school diploma or equivalent

Tax Preparers 786 $12.32 High school diploma or equivalent

Highway Maintenance Workers 761 $13.61 High school diploma or equivalent

Source: EMSI, 2015


Source: EMSI, 2015

Table X. Regional Completers and Completer Growth

Program Regional Completions (2003) Regional Completions (2013)

Change 2003 - 2013 %

Health Professions And Related Programs 2,963 6,223 110%

Business, Management, Marketing, And Related Support Services 2,985 3,532 18%

Liberal Arts And Sciences, General Studies And Humanities 1,182 2,998 154%

Education 1,527 2,536 66%

Mechanic And Repair Technologies/Technicians 1,485 1,677 13%

Visual And Performing Arts 994 1,422 43%

Personal And Culinary Services 518 1,199 131%

Social Sciences 964 1,041 8%

Psychology 650 827 27%

Biological And Biomedical Sciences 473 701 48%

Homeland Security, Law Enforcement, Firefighting And Related Protective Services 234 683 192%

Computer And Information Sciences And Support Services 496 649 31%

Communication, Journalism, And Related Programs 462 599 30%

Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies 474 593 25%

Engineering 448 449 0%

Engineering Technologies And Engineering-Related Fields 370 436 18%

Parks, Recreation, Leisure, And Fitness Studies 290 434 50%

Family And Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences 202 391 94%

Public Administration And Social Service Professions 177 381 115%

Legal Professions And Studies 369 357 -3%

English Language And Literature/Letters 283 354 25%

History 171 277 62%

Physical Sciences 161 275 71%

Foreign Languages, Literatures, And Linguistics 199 255 28%

Communications Technologies/Technicians And Support Services 0 243 -

Mathematics And Statistics 164 220 34%

Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, And Related Sciences 147 188 28%

Theology And Religious Vocations 153 172 12%

Transportation And Materials Moving 163 172 6%

Philosophy And Religious Studies 107 157 47%

Precision Production 86 146 70%

Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender, And Group Studies 33 54 64%

Construction Trades 50 53 6%

Natural Resources And Conservation 4 32 700%

Science Technologies/Technicians 42 22 -48%

Library Science 19 21 11%

19,045 29,769 56%


Table: Slowest Growing Industries, Joint Metro Region

Industry 2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs Change in Jobs (2015-2020) % Change

Printing 3,069 1,951 (1,118) (36%)

Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing 937 285 (652) (70%)

Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services 2,321 1,719 (602) (26%)

Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 14,834 14,288 (546) (4%)

Tire Manufacturing 727 261 (466) (64%)

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 12,724 12,319 (405) (3%)

Professional Employer Organizations 437 32 (405) (93%)

Motion Picture and Video Distribution 2,049 1,658 (391) (19%)

Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing 967 618 (349) (36%)

Motor Vehicle Brake System Manufacturing 588 254 (334) (57%)

Other Plastics Product Manufacturing 1,100 766 (334) (30%)

Newspaper Publishers 1,031 706 (326) (32%)

Major Appliance Manufacturing 4,599 4,311 (289) (6%)

Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 10,436 10,162 (274) (3%)

Sales Financing 980 715 (265) (27%)

General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers 1,715 1,464 (251) (15%)

Other Building Material Dealers 1,797 1,549 (248) (14%)

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing 1,447 1,200 (247) (17%)

Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing 2,264 2,045 (220) -10%

Shoe Stores 1,056 840 (217) -21%

Source: EMSI, 2015


Appendix: Institutional Completions by Degree

Institution

Award of less than 1

academic year

Award of at least 1 but less than 2

academic years

Associates degree

Award of at least 2 but less than 4

academic years

Bachelors degree


Masters degree

Post-masters

certificate

Doctors degree

All Certificates

All Degrees All Completions

Lincoln College of Technology-Nashville

0 991 38 3 0 0 0 0 0 994 38 1,032

Hopkinsville Community College

717 25 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 742 525 1,267

Nashville State Community College

346 301 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 647 625 1,272

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Nashville

211 273 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 521 0 521

Volunteer State Community College

347 74 788 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 788 1,209

Columbia State Community College

139 240 599 0 0 0 0 0 0 379 599 978

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Dickson

50 272 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 322 0 322

Meridian Institute of Surgical Assisting

261 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261 0 261

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Murfreesboro

72 171 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 247 0 247

Kaplan Career Institute-Nashville 6 213 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 219 25 244

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Hartsville

18 138 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 201 0 201

Fortis Institute-Nashville 0 190 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 47 237

Remington College-Nashville Campus

154 24 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 178 50 228

Miller-Motte Technical College-Madison

21 148 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 169 37 206

North Central Institute 113 17 146 29 0 0 0 0 0 159 146 305

Middle Tennessee State University

0 0 0 0 4,202 13 882 128 23 141 5,107 5,248

Miller-Motte Technical College-Clarksville

30 110 112 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 112 252

Anthem Career College-Nashville 0 136 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 62 198

Paul Mitchell the School-Nashville 47 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 0 134

Paul Mitchell the School-Murfreesboro

4 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 0 125

Nashville College of Medical Careers

120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 0 120

Queen City College 20 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 0 97

Genesis Career College-Lebanon 4 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 0 91

SAE Institute of Technology-Nashville

0 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 0 79

Tennessee Career Institute 39 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 0 76

Tennessee State University 0 0 128 0 943 45 397 20 66 65 1,534 1,599

Empire Beauty School-Nashville 10 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 0 56

Lipscomb University 0 0 0 0 526 51 507 0 92 51 1,125 1,176

National College-Nashville 6 42 131 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 131 179

International Barber & Style College

45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 45

Salon Professional Academy

0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 42


Regency Beauty Institute-North Nashville

0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 36

Nashville Barber and Style Academy

0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30

Daymar Institute-Clarksville 0 28 143 0 17 0 0 0 0 28 160 188

Volunteer Beauty Academy-Madison

3 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 24

The Art Institute of Tennessee-Nashville

0 23 93 0 127 0 0 0 0 23 220 243

Brown Mackie College-Hopkinsville

0 23 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 82 105

Daymar Institute-Murfreesboro 0 15 93 0 12 0 0 0 0 15 105 120

Daymar Institute-Nashville 0 14 70 0 20 0 0 0 0 14 90 104

Volunteer Beauty Academy-Nashville

4 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 14

Regency Beauty Institute-Nashville 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 13

Austin Peay State University 0 0 312 0 1,422 0 294 10 0 10 2,028 2,038

John A Gupton College 0 6 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 46 52

Watkins College of Art Design & Film

0 2 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 2 50 52

Argosy University-Nashville

0 0 0 0 15 0 76 1 18 1 109 110

O'More College of Design 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 35 35

ITT Technical Institute-Nashville 0 0 153 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 202 202

International Academy of Design and Technology-Nashville

0 0 104 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 131 131

Williamson Christian College 0 0 1 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 18 18

Middle Tennessee School of Anesthesia Inc

0 0 0 0 0 0 69 0 0 0 69 69

Vanderbilt University 0 0 0 0 2,213 0 1,547 0 665 0 4,425 4,425

Welch College 0 0 11 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 37 37

Nossi College of Art 0 0 55 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 90 90

Cumberland University 0 0 0 0 303 0 120 0 0 0 423 423

American Baptist College 0 0 1 0 11 0 8 0 0 0 20 20

Fisk University 0 0 0 0 79 0 13 0 0 0 92 92

Belmont University 0 0 0 0 1,252 0 316 0 122 0 1,690 1,690

Aquinas College 0 0 136 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 169 169

University of Phoenix-Nashville Campus

0 0 0 0 112 0 43 0 0 0 155 155

Meharry Medical College 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 0 146 0 200 200

Trevecca Nazarene University

0 0 2 0 378 0 411 0 46 0 837 837

Total 2,787 4,162 4,615 118 11,904 109 4,737 159 1,178 7,335 22,434 29,769


Appendix: Institutional completions by Certificate Rank

Institution

Award of less than

1 academic

year

Award of at least 1

but less than 2

academic years

Associates degree

Award of at least 2

but less than 4

academic years

Bachelors degree


Masters degree

Post-masters

certificate

Doctors degree

All Certificates

All Degrees

All Completions

Middle Tennessee State University 0 0 0 0 4,202 13 882 128 23 141 5,107 5,248

Vanderbilt University 0 0 0 0 2,213 0 1,547 0 665 0 4,425 4,425

Austin Peay State University 0 0 312 0 1,422 0 294 10 0 10 2,028 2,038

Belmont University 0 0 0 0 1,252 0 316 0 122 0 1,690 1,690

Tennessee State University 0 0 128 0 943 45 397 20 66 65 1,534 1,599

Lipscomb University 0 0 0 0 526 51 507 0 92 51 1,125 1,176

Trevecca Nazarene University 0 0 2 0 378 0 411 0 46 0 837 837

Volunteer State Community College 347 74 788 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 788 1,209

Nashville State Community College 346 301 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 647 625 1,272

Columbia State Community College 139 240 599 0 0 0 0 0 0 379 599 978

Hopkinsville Community College 717 25 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 742 525 1,267

Cumberland University 0 0 0 0 303 0 120 0 0 0 423 423

The Art Institute of Tennessee-Nashville 0 23 93 0 127 0 0 0 0 23 220 243

ITT Technical Institute-Nashville 0 0 153 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 202 202

Meharry Medical College 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 0 146 0 200 200

Aquinas College 0 0 136 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 169 169

Daymar Institute-Clarksville 0 28 143 0 17 0 0 0 0 28 160 188

University of Phoenix-Nashville Campus 0 0 0 0 112 0 43 0 0 0 155 155

North Central Institute 113 17 146 29 0 0 0 0 0 159 146 305

International Academy of Design and Technology-Nashville 0 0 104 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 131 131

National College-Nashville 6 42 131 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 131 179

Miller-Motte Technical College-Clarksville 30 110 112 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 112 252

Argosy University-Nashville 0 0 0 0 15 0 76 1 18 1 109 110

Daymar Institute-Murfreesboro 0 15 93 0 12 0 0 0 0 15 105 120

Fisk University 0 0 0 0 79 0 13 0 0 0 92 92

Daymar Institute-Nashville 0 14 70 0 20 0 0 0 0 14 90 104

Nossi College of Art 0 0 55 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 90 90

Brown Mackie College-Hopkinsville 0 23 82 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 82 105

Middle Tennessee School of Anesthesia Inc 0 0 0 0 0 0 69 0 0 0 69 69

Anthem Career College-Nashville 0 136 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 136 62 198

Remington College-Nashville Campus 154 24 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 178 50 228

Watkins College of Art Design & Film 0 2 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 2 50 52

Fortis Institute-Nashville 0 190 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 47 237

John A Gupton College 0 6 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 46 52

Lincoln College of Technology-Nashville 0 991 38 3 0 0 0 0 0 994 38 1,032

Welch College 0 0 11 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 37 37

Miller-Motte Technical College-Madison 21 148 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 169 37 206

O'More College of Design 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 35 35

Kaplan Career Institute-Nashville 6 213 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 219 25 244

American Baptist College 0 0 1 0 11 0 8 0 0 0 20 20


Source: EMSI, 2015

Williamson Christian College 0 0 1 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 18 18

Queen City College 20 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 0 97

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Dickson 50 272 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 322 0 322

Nashville College of Medical Careers 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 0 120

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Murfreesboro 72 171 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 247 0 247

SAE Institute of Technology-Nashville 0 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 0 79

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Hartsville 18 138 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 201 0 201

Genesis Career College-Lebanon 4 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 0 91

Volunteer Beauty Academy-Madison 3 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 24

Paul Mitchell the School-Nashville 47 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 0 134

International Barber & Style College 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 0 45

Tennessee Career Institute 39 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 0 76

Salon Professional Academy 0 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 0 42

Regency Beauty Institute-North Nashville 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 36

Empire Beauty School-Nashville 10 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 0 56

Nashville Barber and Style Academy 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30

Meridian Institute of Surgical Assisting 261 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 261 0 261

Volunteer Beauty Academy-Nashville 4 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 14

Regency Beauty Institute-Nashville 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 13

Paul Mitchell the School-Murfreesboro 4 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 0 125

Tennessee College of Applied Technology-Nashville 211 273 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 521 0 521

Total 2,787 4,162 4,615 118 11,904 109 4,737 159 1,178 7,335 22,434 29,769


Appendix: Top 25 Occupations by NAICS Industry, ranked by Total % of Jobs within Industry Group Construction

Within Industry Across All Industries

Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change


Construction Managers 3.8% 1,520 1,647 8% $36.21 Bachelor's degree 1,867 2,019 1.15 8%

Cost Estimators 2.2% 895 1,013 13% $27.22 Bachelor's degree 1,339 1,478 0.88 10%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 0.9% 357 396 11% $23.22 High school diploma or equivalent

5,700 6,264 0.95 10%


12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 2.4% 951 1,083 14% $14.63


16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Office Clerks, General 3.1% 1,231 1,334 8% $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent

20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 5.5% 2,188 2,429 11% $25.95


2,824 3,109 0.80 10%

Carpenters 5.5% 2,177 2,424 11% $16.93 High school diploma or equivalent

2,555 2,837 0.57 11%

Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 1.4% 547 624 14% $17.56 Less than high school 578 658 0.54 14%

Construction Laborers 11.7% 4,638 5,077 9% $13.62 Less than high school 5,693 6,220 0.91 9%

Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 2.3% 916 1,002 9% $17.54


1,517 1,644 0.60 8%

Electricians 5.9% 2,341 2,581 10% $21.49 High school diploma or equivalent

3,134 3,408 0.78 9%

Painters, Construction and Maintenance 2.1% 833 880 6% $15.38 Less than high school 1,167 1,234 0.77 6%

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 4.5% 1,841 2,139 16% $21.77 High school diploma or equivalent

2,257 2,580 0.82 14%

Roofers 1.9% 766 886 16% $18.01 Less than high school 783 903 1.06 15%

Sheet Metal Workers 2.4% 966 1,069 11% $18.27 High school diploma or equivalent

1,465 1,560 1.45 6%

Helpers--Electricians 1.4% 544 609 12% $13.69 High school diploma or equivalent

578 644 1.19 11%

Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 1.1% 432 486 13% $14.86


449 504 1.22 12%

Helpers--Roofers 0.8% 345 385 12% $12.61 Less than high school 345 385 3.57 12%

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 0.8% 338 378 12% $26.90


3,455 3,641 1.10 5%

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 5.0% 2,012 2,281 13% $20.09


2,647 2,930 1.37 11%

Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 1.4% 558 612 10% $31.61 High school diploma or equivalent

1,071 1,121 1.31 5%

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1.8% 726 778 7% $17.63 Postsecondary non-degree award

15,990 16,862 1.37 5%


146,031 155857 7%


Manufacturing


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Team Assemblers 16.3% 14,065 14,290 2% $16.57 High school diploma or equivalent

17,144 17,598 2.25 3%

First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 3.6% 3,089 2,956 (4%) $27.21


4,283 4,206 1.05 (2%)

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 3.0% 2,596 2,490 (4%) $12.10 Less than high

school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 3.0% 2,528 2,445 (3%) $15.10


3,954 3,993 1.18 1%

Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

2.2% 1,884 1,725 (8%) $15.54 High school diploma or equivalent

2,268 2,117 1.75 (7%)

Machinists 2.1% 1,853 1,885 2% $20.05 High school diploma or equivalent

2,419 2,504 0.86 4%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 1.9% 1,610 1,485 (8%) $14.95 Less than high school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 1.9% 1,614 1,535 (5%) $12.61


3,000 3,002 1.13 0%

Industrial Engineers 1.8% 1,541 1,499 (3%) $38.51 Bachelor's degree 2,134 2,152 1.30 1%

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 1.7% 1,414 1,300 (8%) $13.24


1,996 1,919 1.44 (4%)

Industrial Machinery Mechanics 1.7% 1,454 1,535 6% $26.76 High school diploma or equivalent

2,396 2,561 1.06 7%

Production Workers, All Other 1.6% 1,372 1,236 (10%) $14.43 High school diploma or equivalent

2,715 2,649 1.80 (2%)

Helpers--Production Workers 1.6% 1,353 1,296 (4%) $10.67 Less than high school 2,768 2,830 0.91 2%

General and Operations Managers 1.5% 1,223 1,134 (7%) $40.32 Bachelor's degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1.4% 1,233 1,215 (1%) $17.38


701 718 1.07 2%

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 1.4% 1,246 1,475 18% $17.49


1,842 2,117 0.70 15%

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 1.4% 1,179 1,117 (5%) $14.86 High school diploma or equivalent

4,945 5,067 1.01 2%

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 1.4% 1,207 1,311 9% $14.09 High school diploma or equivalent

2,140 2,312 1.17 8%

Printing Press Operators 1.4% 1,033 640 (38%) $16.19 High school diploma or equivalent

1,489 1,102 1.41 (26%)

Packers and Packagers, Hand 1.3% 1,073 982 (8%) $9.46 Less than high school 4,991 5,158 1.01 3%

Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

1.3% 1,062 991 (7%) $15.87 High school diploma or equivalent

1,114 1,044 1.73 (6%)

Tool and Die Makers 1.2% 1,057 1,047 (1%) $23.20 High school diploma or equivalent

1,100 1,092 1.96 (1%)

Industrial Production Managers 1.1% 958 920 (4%) $38.68 Bachelor's degree 1,176 1,150 1.02 (2%)


1.1% 951 918 (3%) $23.44 High school diploma or equivalent

7,203 7,814 0.70 8%

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1.1% 932 916 (2%) $17.63


15,990 16,862 1.37 5%

133,722 138102.372 3%


Retail Trade


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Retail Salespersons 26.8% 28,734 30,575 6% $10.02 Less than high school 30,705 32,665 0.97 6%



First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 7.2% 7,736 8,183 6% $17.08


8,623 9,115 1.00 6%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 3.1% 3,322 3,459 4% $12.10 Less than

high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 2.4% 2,519 2,670 6% $16.07


4,497 4,808 1.02 7%

Pharmacy Technicians 2.3% 2,460 2,766 12% $13.91 High school diploma or equivalent

3,903 4,291 1.48 10%

Customer Service Representatives 1.9% 2,045 2,163 6% $14.27


20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

General and Operations Managers 1.6% 1,663 1,749 5% $40.32 Bachelor's

degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Parts Salespersons 1.4% 1,531 1,679 10% $14.55 Less than high school 2,033 2,221 1.24 9%

Pharmacists 1.3% 1,362 1,486 9% $60.27 Doctoral or professional degree

2,638 2,874 1.27 9%

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 1.2% 1,286 1,377 7% $13.77


5,425 5,676 0.94 5%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Packers and Packagers, Hand 1.1% 1,174 1,202 2% $9.46 Less than high school 4,991 5,158 1.01 3%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

1.0% 1,098 1,152 5% $23.14 High school diploma or equivalent

11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 1.0% 1,090 1,113 2% $14.86


4,945 5,067 1.01 2%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 1.0% 1,077 1,140 6% $17.21


12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Food Preparation Workers 0.9% 942 991 5% $9.24 Less than high school 6,577 6,773 1.07 3%

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food

0.8% 875 934 7% $8.85 Less than high school 18,569 20,011 0.82 8%

Butchers and Meat Cutters 0.7% 767 813 6% $13.96 Less than high school 887 940 0.88 6%


Tire Repairers and Changers 0.6% 696 797 15% $13.48 High school diploma or equivalent

781 887 1.05 14%

Counter and Rental Clerks 0.6% 607 645 6% $9.84 Less than high school 2,968 3,115 0.95 5%

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers

0.5% 584 619 6% $26.90 High school diploma or equivalent

3,455 3,641 1.10 5%

Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners


261,604 275992 5%


Information


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Customer Service Representatives 6.0% 1,224 1,243 2% $14.27 High school diploma or equivalent

20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

5.5% 1,107 1,073 (3%) $20.13 Postsecondary non-degree award

1,648 1,670 1.11 1%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 3.5% 712 737 4% $23.22


5,700 6,264 0.95 10%


Producers and Directors 2.6% 527 514 (2%) $27.98 Bachelor's degree 712 715 1.10 0%

Advertising Sales Agents 2.4% 494 491 (1%) $17.49 High school diploma or equivalent

996 1,039 0.87 4%

Office Clerks, General 2.3% 472 454 (4%) $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent

20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Software Developers, Applications 2.1% 459 515 12% $37.91 Bachelor's degree 2,674 2,990 0.55 12%



Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 2.0% 409 400 (2%) $19.72


954 994 1.91 4%

Editors 1.7% 344 337 (2%) $23.29 Bachelor's degree 523 534 0.76 2%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Network and Computer Systems Administrators 1.6% 339 350 3% $29.73 Bachelor's

degree 2,601 2,762 0.98 6%

Radio and Television Announcers 1.6% 341 361 6% $10.83 Bachelor's degree 363 386 1.64 6%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive


16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Film and Video Editors 1.5% 309 287 (7%) $24.59 Bachelor's degree 341 319 2.41 (6%)

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 1.5% 309 306 (1%) $17.21


12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Computer Programmers 1.4% 302 312 3% $36.93 Bachelor's degree 2,393 2,461 1.06 3%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 1.4% 284 263 (7%) $12.10 Less than high

school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Sound Engineering Technicians 1.4% 287 271 (6%) $22.57 Postsecondary non-degree award

319 306 2.98 (4%)

Computer and Information Systems Managers 1.4% 286 304 6% $46.93 Bachelor's

degree 2,540 2,710 1.07 7%

Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 1.3% 268 263 (2%) $19.52


2,766 2,812 1.35 2%


Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 1.2% 244 234 (4%) $19.47


467 497 0.54 6%

165,659 176647 7%




Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Insurance Sales Agents 12.7% 5,634 5,946 6% $20.41 High school diploma or equivalent

5,674 5,993 1.23 6%


20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Tellers 8.4% 3,640 3,702 2% $12.33 High school diploma or equivalent

3,712 3,778 1.01 2%

Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 5.6% 2,441 2,527 4% $22.84


3,178 3,267 1.59 3%

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 4.1% 1,781 1,858 4% $23.14


11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 3.7% 1,622 1,697 5% $17.92


1,768 1,860 1.02 5%

Loan Officers 3.7% 1,607 1,730 8% $29.21 Bachelor's degree 1,871 2,016 0.87 8%

Financial Managers 3.2% 1,390 1,444 4% $47.00 Bachelor's degree 5,618 5,884 1.53 5%

Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 2.6% 1,130 1,183 5% $39.23 Bachelor's

degree 1,227 1,289 0.52 5%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%


2.2% 987 1,059 7% $14.63 High school diploma or equivalent

16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Bill and Account Collectors 2.2% 959 978 2% $15.40 High school diploma or equivalent

5,119 5,574 1.90 9%

Insurance Underwriters 2.2% 919 909 (1%) $28.77 Bachelor's degree 965 956 1.47 (1%)


Loan Interviewers and Clerks 2.0% 891 972 9% $16.56 High school diploma or equivalent

1,071 1,168 0.70 9%

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 1.9% 821 860 5% $17.21


12,626 13,515 1.02 7%


Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 1.5% 657 652 (1%) $19.74


7,658 7,681 1.39 0%

Personal Financial Advisors 1.4% 643 737 15% $51.80 Bachelor's degree 742 849 0.53 14%





5,700 6,264 0.95 10%


Business Operations Specialists, All Other 0.8% 336 352 5% $24.41


5,089 5,403 0.73 6%

First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 0.7% 325 338 4% $35.83


2,003 2,124 1.13 6%

169,897 181088 7%


Real Estate


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 13.4% 1,933 2,047 6% $17.38


10,155 10,680 1.03 5%

Counter and Rental Clerks 10.2% 1,440 1,489 3% $9.84 Less than high school 2,968 3,115 0.95 5%

Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers


1,692 1,780 1.38 5%

Real Estate Sales Agents 5.4% 758 793 5% $14.31 High school diploma or equivalent

884 927 0.61 5%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%





12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 2.4% 339 361 6% $12.10 Less than

high school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

General and Operations Managers 2.4% 338 356 5% $40.32 Bachelor's

degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Customer Service Representatives 2.4% 336 346 3% $14.27


20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 1.7% 238 243 2% $17.08


8,623 9,115 1.00 6%

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1.6% 231 246 6% $11.82 Less than

high school 5,436 5,980 0.84 10%

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers


3,455 3,641 1.10 5%

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

1.4% 189 186 (2%) $19.74 High school diploma or equivalent

7,658 7,681 1.39 0%




11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 1.3% 181 192 6% $13.77


5,425 5,676 0.94 5%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 1.2% 168 168 0% $13.57


7,423 7,941 1.00 7%

Real Estate Brokers 1.2% 165 172 4% $27.84 High school diploma or equivalent

189 199 0.53 5%



5,700 6,264 0.95 10%

Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 1.1% 149 145 (3%) $9.14 Less than

high school 1,847 1,965 0.80 6%

Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other 1.1% 147 143 (3%) $10.32


1,133 1,184 2.33 5%

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1.0% 151 161 7% $9.21 Less than

high school 7,126 7,544 0.95 6%

Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 1.0% 150 158 5% $25.27 Bachelor's

degree 375 394 0.87 5%

217,863 231469 6%


Professional Services


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient





12,626 13,515 1.02 7%


20,834 21,792 0.91 (1%)



16,225 17,401 0.88 0%

Paralegals and Legal Assistants 2.9% 1,513 1,608 6% $23.51 Associate's degree 2,273 2,393 1.17 10%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Lawyers 2.7% 1,396 1,456 4% $47.56 Doctoral or professional degree

2,713 2,844 0.64 6%



20,335 21,983 1.15 9%

Computer Systems Analysts 2.2% 1,167 1,312 12% $32.16 Bachelor's degree 4,195 4,634 1.10 10%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 2.1% 1,097 1,245 13% $23.22


5,700 6,264 0.95 5%

Management Analysts 2.1% 1,111 1,333 20% $32.14 Bachelor's degree 3,402 3,739 0.79 7%

Computer Programmers 1.8% 953 1,009 6% $36.93 Bachelor's degree 2,393 2,461 1.06 11%

Software Developers, Applications 1.8% 979 1,161 19% $37.91 Bachelor's

degree 2,674 2,990 0.55 10%



7,658 7,681 1.39 8%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 1.6% 851 894 5% $13.57


7,423 7,941 1.00 7%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%


Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1.5% 838 1,025 22% $23.49 Bachelor's

degree 3,022 3,463 0.91 5%

Computer User Support Specialists 1.5% 827 963 16% $19.69


3,769 4,146 0.86 12%

Billing and Posting Clerks 1.5% 810 886 9% $16.89 High school diploma or equivalent

4,198 4,584 1.13 10%

Tax Preparers 1.5% 782 867 11% $12.32 High school diploma or equivalent

786 872 1.46 15%

Computer and Information Systems Managers 1.1% 595 663 11% $46.93 Bachelor's

degree 2,540 2,710 1.07 7%

Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 1.1% 579 623 8% $13.46


659 707 1.12 5%

Legal Secretaries 1.1% 539 524 (3%) $25.18 High school diploma or equivalent

700 695 0.46 7%

Network and Computer Systems Administrators 1.0% 549 610 11% $29.73 Bachelor's

degree 2,601 2,762 0.98 3%

171,738 183756 7%


Management


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient

2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change


Customer Service Representatives 4.1% 661 709 7% $14.27 High school diploma or equivalent

20,335 21,983 1.15 8%




12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 2.5% 392 391 (0%) $19.74


7,658 7,681 1.39 0%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%



20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 1.9% 311 341 10% $24.41 High school diploma or equivalent

5,089 5,403 0.73 6%

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1.9% 304 346 14% $23.49 Bachelor's degree 3,022 3,463 0.91 15%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 1.8% 286 312 9% $14.63


16,225 17,401 0.88 7%


Chief Executives 1.8% 278 288 4% $67.77 Bachelor's degree 3,147 3,227 1.70 3%


Marketing Managers 1.7% 281 318 13% $41.09 Bachelor's degree 1,432 1,530 1.11 7%


Bill and Account Collectors 1.5% 241 255 6% $15.40 High school diploma or equivalent

5,119 5,574 1.90 9%


Computer User Support Specialists 1.3% 208 224 8% $19.69 Some college, no degree

3,769 4,146 0.86 10%


Managers, All Other 1.2% 194 212 9% $36.68 High school diploma or equivalent

1,946 2,051 0.74 5%

Administrative Services Managers 1.1% 182 194 7% $33.73 Bachelor's degree 3,046 3,214 1.52 6%

Billing and Posting Clerks 1.1% 182 196 8% $16.89 High school diploma or equivalent

4,198 4,584 1.13 9%

Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 1.1% 180 192 7% $23.45 High school diploma or equivalent

908 963 1.12 6%

194,315 207132 7%


Administration


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs

2014 Location Quotient 2015 - 2020 % Total Jobs Change


school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%


7.4% 5,115 5,407 6% $9.75 Less than high school 13,148 13,942 0.78 6%

Security Guards 6.7% 4,764 5,456 15% $10.74 High school diploma or equivalent

7,204 8,032 0.87 11%



20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 4.4% 3,104 3,477 12% $11.82 Less than high

school 5,436 5,980 0.84 10%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Team Assemblers 3.2% 2,186 2,354 8% $16.57 High school diploma or equivalent

17,144 17,598 2.25 3%

Bill and Account Collectors 2.8% 1,953 2,260 16% $15.40 High school diploma or equivalent

5,119 5,574 1.90 9%

Packers and Packagers, Hand 2.0% 1,376 1,503 9% $9.46 Less than high school 4,991 5,158 1.01 3%

Telemarketers 1.8% 1,286 1,454 13% $12.26 Less than high school 1,825 2,035 1.03 12%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Helpers--Production Workers 1.7% 1,159 1,268 9% $10.67 Less than high school 2,768 2,830 0.91 2%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Production Workers, All Other 1.4% 948 998 5% $14.43 High school diploma or equivalent

2,715 2,649 1.80 (2%)

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 1.4% 947 1,013 7% $12.61


3,000 3,002 1.13 0%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 1.3% 915 1,053 15% $23.22


5,700 6,264 0.95 10%

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1.3% 874 928 6% $9.21 Less than high

school 7,126 7,544 0.95 6%



12,626 13,515 1.02 7%


Pest Control Workers 1.1% 801 888 11% $13.85 High school diploma or equivalent

834 922 1.70 11%

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1.0% 700 773 10% $17.63


15,990 16,862 1.37 5%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 0.9% 647 671 4% $14.95 Less than high

school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)

Construction Laborers 0.9% 608 668 10% $13.62 Less than high school 5,693 6,220 0.91 9%

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 0.9% 595 639 7% $14.09


2,140 2,312 1.17 8%

245,544 259426 6%




Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


Postsecondary Teachers 14.7% 3,771 4,040 7% $24.81 Doctoral or professional degree

6,660 7,363 0.64 11%

Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 4.7% 1,209 1,276 6% $22.14 Bachelor's

degree 8,984 9,684 0.95 8%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Office Clerks, General 4.2% 1,042 1,002 (4%) $14.38 High school diploma or equivalent

20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education

4.1% 1,061 1,102 4% $22.57 Bachelor's degree 6,453 6,772 0.98 5%

Teacher Assistants 3.5% 904 959 6% $10.15 Some college, no degree

6,184 6,690 0.68 8%

Teachers and Instructors, All Other 3.0% 792 907 15% $19.80 Bachelor's

degree 2,194 2,366 1.09 8%


2.6% 628 573 (9%) $9.75 Less than high school 13,148 13,942 0.78 6%

Education Administrators, Postsecondary 2.4% 616 649 5% $35.32 Master's

degree 978 1,051 1.13 7%


Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education

2.0% 515 544 6% $21.99 Bachelor's degree 3,863 4,174 0.89 8%

Self-Enrichment Education Teachers 2.0% 537 657 22% $14.43


1,647 1,854 0.86 13%



7,658 7,681 1.39 0%

Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors 1.5% 388 412 6% $23.39 Master's

degree 1,476 1,578 0.87 7%

Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 1.4% 366 381 4% $11.34 Associate's

degree 4,054 4,415 1.29 9%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1.4% 340 325 (4%) $17.38


10,155 10,680 1.03 5%

Childcare Workers 1.4% 351 372 6% $9.30 High school diploma or equivalent

6,687 7,212 1.23 8%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%



12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School

1.2% 302 314 4% $36.91 Master's degree 1,604 1,683 1.00 5%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Instructional Coordinators 1.0% 255 284 11% $28.20 Master's degree 837 912 0.86 9%

Substitute Teachers 1.0% 245 256 4% $8.86 Bachelor's degree 3,540 3,750 0.82 6%

Administrative Services Managers 0.9% 242 257 6% $33.73 Bachelor's

degree 3,046 3,214 1.52 6%

Computer User Support Specialists 0.9% 230 222 (3%) $19.69


3,769 4,146 0.86 10%

159,616 169933 6%


Healthcare


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient



Nursing Assistants 5.8% 7,186 7,898 10% $12.04 Postsecondary non-degree award

8,577 9,348 0.81 9%

Personal Care Aides 4.5% 5,787 6,901 19% $9.08 Less than high school 6,924 8,110 0.63 17%

Medical Assistants 4.0% 4,980 5,583 12% $14.87 Postsecondary non-degree award

5,393 6,013 1.25 11%

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 4.0% 4,910 5,380 10% $18.94


6,468 6,986 1.24 8%

Home Health Aides 3.6% 4,544 5,297 17% $9.25 Less than high school 5,015 5,795 0.74 16%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 2.7% 3,329 3,737 12% $13.57


7,423 7,941 1.00 7%

Childcare Workers 2.4% 2,970 3,319 12% $9.30 High school diploma or equivalent

6,687 7,212 1.23 8%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Dental Assistants 2.0% 2,410 2,632 9% $16.71 Postsecondary non-degree award

2,580 2,805 1.11 9%

Medical and Health Services Managers 1.9% 2,323 2,534 9% $40.73 Bachelor's

degree 3,051 3,290 1.38 8%

Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 1.8% 2,164 2,432 12% $11.34 Associate's

degree 4,054 4,415 1.29 9%

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 1.7% 2,145 2,375 11% $16.32 Associate's

degree 2,466 2,717 2.12 10%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 1.4% 1,788 2,012 13% $106.63


2,207 2,436 0.97 10%

Billing and Posting Clerks 1.4% 1,719 1,921 12% $16.89 High school diploma or equivalent

4,198 4,584 1.13 9%

Medical Secretaries 1.4% 1,744 2,147 23% $15.06 High school diploma or equivalent

1,933 2,363 0.48 22%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Radiologic Technologists 1.2% 1,507 1,650 9% $24.59 Associate's degree 1,728 1,876 1.22 9%

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 1.2% 1,472 1,633 11% $9.21 Less than high

school 7,126 7,544 0.95 6%

Dental Hygienists 1.1% 1,353 1,529 13% $31.92 Associate's degree 1,388 1,566 0.96 13%

Physical Therapists 1.1% 1,370 1,554 13% $37.54 Doctoral or professional degree

1,519 1,711 1.02 13%

Nurse Practitioners 1.1% 1,344 1,513 13% $42.60 Master's degree 1,519 1,699 1.80 12%

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 1.1% 1,325 1,423 7% $27.87 Bachelor's

degree 1,522 1,622 1.29 7%

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 1.0% 1,301 1,424 9% $15.02


1,765 1,915 1.31 8%

152,202 165139 8%


Arts


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Musicians and Singers 13.5% 1,558 1,561 0% $26.76 High school diploma or equivalent

2,647 2,704 3.52 2%

Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 6.4% 727 739 2% $16.60


1,571 1,637 0.86 4%

Amusement and Recreation Attendants 5.1% 600 654 9% $9.36 Less than high

school 1,185 1,282 0.60 8%

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 3.6% 430 478 11% $11.82 Less than high

school 5,436 5,980 0.84 10%

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes

3.4% 404 441 9% $26.57 Bachelor's degree 489 525 5.25 7%

Waiters and Waitresses 3.1% 365 403 10% $8.94 Less than high school 20,593 21,362 1.17 4%

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 2.7% 315 334 6% $12.10 Less than high

school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 2.2% 261 276 6% $9.06 Less than high

school 675 732 0.82 8%


6,687 7,212 1.23 8%

Tour Guides and Escorts 2.1% 248 263 6% $13.06 High school diploma or equivalent

427 457 1.62 7%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Cashiers 2.0% 233 244 5% $9.16 Less than high school 20,882 21,434 0.88 3%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1.7% 196 212 8% $17.38


10,155 10,680 1.03 5%




Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 1.5% 173 186 8% $19.72


954 994 1.91 4%

Security Guards 1.4% 169 182 8% $10.74 High school diploma or equivalent

7,204 8,032 0.87 11%



20,335 21,983 1.15 8%

Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers


787 830 0.80 5%

Receptionists and Information Clerks 1.2% 140 139 (1%) $13.57


7,423 7,941 1.00 7%


Recreation Workers 1.1% 133 143 8% $9.72 Bachelor's degree 1,716 1,876 0.69 9%



12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

244,831 259442 6%


Accommodation


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Waiters and Waitresses 21.1% 19,557 20,230 3% $8.94 Less than high school 20,593 21,362 1.17 4%

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food


Cooks, Restaurant 9.5% 8,880 9,561 8% $10.63 Less than high school 9,197 9,902 1.16 8%

Cooks, Fast Food 6.0% 5,494 5,511 0% $8.75 Less than high school 5,641 5,666 1.52 0%

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers


5,929 6,369 0.94 7%

Food Preparation Workers 4.6% 4,292 4,405 3% $9.24 Less than high school 6,577 6,773 1.07 3%

Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop


Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 3.5% 3,229 3,307 2% $9.21 Less than

high school 7,126 7,544 0.95 6%

Dishwashers 3.1% 2,903 3,020 4% $8.97 Less than high school 3,231 3,379 0.88 5%


Food Service Managers 2.5% 2,282 2,313 1% $20.62 High school diploma or equivalent

2,695 2,754 1.94 2%

Bartenders 2.2% 2,050 2,219 8% $9.16 Less than high school 2,446 2,650 0.60 8%

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 2.1% 1,902 1,976 4% $9.55


1,962 2,042 1.17 4%

Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers


Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop


Cooks, Short Order 1.4% 1,264 1,269 0% $9.19 Less than high school 1,479 1,493 1.22 1%

Driver/Sales Workers 1.1% 999 1,061 6% $14.91 High school diploma or equivalent

2,280 2,376 0.78 4%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 0.9% 819 836 2% $17.38


10,155 10,680 1.03 5%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Chefs and Head Cooks 0.8% 701 720 3% $22.01 High school diploma or equivalent

849 878 1.07 3%

Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 0.6% 598 614 3% $9.99 Less than high school 1,505 1,650 0.83 10%

Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 0.6% 527 563 7% $11.34 Less than

high school 3,012 3,228 0.99 7%

Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other 0.5% 502 514 2% $9.03 Less than

high school 886 910 2.92 3%



Lodging Managers 0.4% 366 371 1% $20.96 High school diploma or equivalent

397 405 1.77 2%

161,828 170001 5%


Government


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Employed

in Industry Change (2015 -

2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


Military occupations 20.6% 37,019 37,178 0% $14.84 N/A 37,019 37,178 2.59 0%

Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 4.1% 7,506 8,119 8% $22.14 Bachelor's

degree 8,984 9,684 0.95 8%

Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education


Teacher Assistants 2.3% 4,221 4,536 7% $10.15 Some college, no degree 6,184 6,690 0.68 8%

Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 2.2% 4,031 4,316 7% $20.87


4,091 4,366 0.87 7%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education



Substitute Teachers 1.6% 2,993 3,160 6% $8.86 Bachelor's degree 3,540 3,750 0.82 6%

Correctional Officers and Jailers 1.6% 2,821 2,951 5% $13.58 High school diploma or equivalent

2,882 3,035 0.93 5%




6,660 7,363 0.64 11%



7,658 7,681 1.39 0%

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 1.1% 2,061 2,088 1% $24.41


5,089 5,403 0.73 6%

Bus Drivers, School or Special Client 1.1% 2,009 2,051 2% $12.15


2,802 2,960 0.81 6%

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1.1% 2,001 2,134 7% $17.38


10,155 10,680 1.03 5%

Postal Service Mail Carriers 0.9% 1,681 1,689 0% $26.85 High school diploma or equivalent

1,681 1,689 0.81 0%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Firefighters 0.9% 1,584 1,708 8% $19.30 Postsecondary non-degree award

1,643 1,775 0.75 8%




12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Child, Family, and School Social Workers 0.7% 1,334 1,390 4% $18.92 Bachelor's

degree 2,020 2,170 0.96 7%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%

Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School

0.7% 1,262 1,324 5% $36.91 Master's degree 1,604 1,683 1.00 5%

234,519 247576 5% 6%


Wholesale Trade


Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Employed


2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient




7,203 7,814 0.70 8%


school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products



Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 3.9% 1,649 1,747 6% $17.63 Postsecondary non-degree award

15,990 16,862 1.37 5%


20,335 21,983 1.15 8%



20,834 21,792 0.91 5%

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 2.6% 1,103 1,188 8% $14.86 High school diploma or equivalent

4,945 5,067 1.01 2%

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 2.4% 1,027 1,106 8% $13.77 High school diploma or equivalent

5,425 5,676 0.94 5%



12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 1.7% 710 723 2% $14.95 Less than high school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)



2,003 2,124 1.13 6%



16,225 17,401 0.88 7%

Driver/Sales Workers 1.5% 632 678 7% $14.91 High school diploma or equivalent

2,280 2,376 0.78 4%



Team Assemblers 1.4% 591 626 6% $16.57 High school diploma or equivalent

17,144 17,598 2.25 3%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Order Clerks 1.1% 463 477 3% $14.94 High school diploma or equivalent

1,512 1,496 1.07 (1%)



2,068 2,185 1.19 6%

Parts Salespersons 1.0% 431 464 8% $14.55 Less than high school 2,033 2,221 1.24 9%



First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 0.9% 361 382 6% $21.62


1,830 1,911 1.50 4%

262,791 277196 5% 5%




Description

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Employed in

Industry (2015)

Employed in

Industry (2020)

% Employed


2020)

Median Hourly

Earnings


Total 2015 Jobs

Total 2020 Jobs 2014

Location Quotient


Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 29.0% 10,821 11,452 6% $17.63


15,990 16,862 1.37 5%


school 25,210 26,455 1.50 5%

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 4.8% 1,763 1,780 1% $13.77


5,425 5,676 0.94 5%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 3.5% 1,331 1,387 4% $14.95 Less than high

school 5,022 4,989 1.39 (1%)


Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 2.0% 748 798 7% $17.33


1,542 1,654 1.11 7%

First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand


1,830 1,911 1.50 4%

Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 1.7% 640 694 8% $17.45 High school diploma or equivalent

1,238 1,334 1.08 8%

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 1.7% 644 682 6% $14.86


4,945 5,067 1.01 2%



2,068 2,185 1.19 6%

First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators


1,571 1,646 1.09 5%



20,335 21,983 1.15 8%


degree 15,722 16,692 1.07 6%


20,834 21,792 0.91 5%


Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 1.2% 447 478 7% $32.48


1,154 1,204 1.52 4%

Bus Drivers, School or Special Client 1.2% 459 539 17% $12.15


2,802 2,960 0.81 6%



11,638 12,418 1.15 7%

Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 1.1% 430 479 11% $23.79


718 766 0.83 7%

Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels 1.1% 417 473 13% $46.61 Bachelor's

degree 459 518 1.92 13%

Sailors and Marine Oilers 1.1% 403 457 13% $19.91 Less than high school 472 529 2.07 12%



5,700 6,264 0.95 10%



12,626 13,515 1.02 7%

Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks 0.7% 265 264 (0%) $15.03


446 468 0.45 5%

Conveyor Operators and Tenders 0.7% 264 267 1% $14.16 Less than high school 567 564 1.90 (1%)

189,866 5%


Appendix: Top 25 Occupations By NAICS Industry Classifications, ranked by 2015-2020% Growth

Construction


Description

% of Total Jobs in Industry Group (2014)

Employed in Industry Group (2015)


% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs 2020 Jobs 2014 Location Quotient


Brickmasons and Blockmasons 0.8% 308 427 39% $19.07


238 315 435 0.69 38.0%

Stonemasons 0.1% 40 54 35% $12.52 High school diploma or equivalent

35 46 63 0.57 35.0%

Terrazzo Workers and Finishers 0.1% 21 24 14% $18.95


19 23 26 0.91 10.6%

Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 0.6% 249 300 20% $14.94 Less than high

school 229 254 306 0.41 20.3%

Tapers 0.1% 57 67 18% $16.41 Less than high school 49 57 67 0.45

17.9% Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 0.4% 178 208 17% $12.32 Less than high

school 131 182 213 0.99 16.8%

Insulation Workers, Mechanical 0.3% 136 181 33% $21.38


96 143 189 0.63 32.1%

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 4.5% 1,841 2,139 16% $21.77


1,808 2,257 2,580 0.82 14.3%

Roofers 1.9% 766 886 16% $18.01 Less than high school 608 783 903 1.06 15.4%

Structural Iron and Steel Workers 0.5% 219 251 15% $20.27


189 241 274 0.55 13.7%

Solar Photovoltaic Installers 0.1% 26 30 15% $20.03 High school diploma or equivalent

22 27 32 0.87 16.8%

Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters

0.4% 146 198 36% $12.82 Less than high school 111 147 200 0.77

36.1% Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other 0.2% 65 76 17% $11.51 Less than high

school 78 90 102 0.62 13.4%

Elevator Installers and Repairers 0.1% 63 92 46% $34.25


47 67 95 0.37 42.9%

Fence Erectors 0.2% 72 84 17% $13.70 High school diploma or equivalent

65 82 94 0.55 14.3%

Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners 0.0% 19 22 16% $21.49 Less than high

school 132 174 199 0.97 14.5%

Construction and Related Workers, All Other 0.1% 51 60 18% $18.19


94 107 120 0.45 12.7%

Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment

0.1% 46 53 15% $23.94 Postsecondary non-degree award

363 429 447 0.88 4.3%

Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers


150 177 202 0.91 14.2%

Mechanical Door Repairers 0.2% 89 104 17% $13.16 High school diploma or equivalent

90 116 134 0.88 15.3%

Industrial Machinery Mechanics 0.1% 44 54 23% $26.76


1,860 2,396 2,561 1.06 6.9%

Millwrights 0.2% 98 120 22% $21.94 High school diploma or equivalent

144 183 214 0.63 16.6%

Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 0.5% 192 226 18% $19.47


442 467 497 0.54 6.4%

Riggers 0.0% 15 18 20% $17.66 High school diploma or equivalent

43 48 56 0.36 16.5%

Crane and Tower Operators 0.2% 64 75 17% $18.72 High school diploma or equivalent

140 166 188 0.52 13.2%

7,183 8,979 10,197


Manufacturing


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Logisticians 0.2% 164 178 9% $29.60 Bachelor's degree 578 727 817 0.78

12.4%

Aerospace Engineers 0.0% 12 22 83% $42.38 Bachelor's degree 51 57 77 0.11

34.8%

Drafters, All Other 0.0% 11 12 9% $24.18 Associate's degree 38 42 47 0.39

12.6% Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 0.0% 25 28 12% $10.67 Less than high

school 134 143 148 0.34 3.5%

Tile and Marble Setters 0.0% 13 17 31% $15.48 Less than high school 203 251 279 1.06

11.0% Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators


1,400 1,517 1,644 0.60 8.4%

Painters, Construction and Maintenance 0.0% 33 36 9% $15.38 Less than high

school 1,025 1,167 1,234 0.77 5.7%

Avionics Technicians 0.0% 16 22 38% $23.32 Associate's degree 41 54 62 0.41

15.0% Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment


155 196 207 1.70 5.8%

Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles 0.0% 13 23 77% $16.68


50 65 84 0.74 29.7%

Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 0.0% 35 39 11% $18.20


775 892 939 1.02 5.2%

Millwrights 0.1% 68 74 9% $21.94 High school diploma or equivalent

144 183 214 0.63 16.6%

Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators 0.2% 176 206 17% $14.03


102 183 214 1.26 16.8%

Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters 0.0% 13 15 15% $14.30


<10 14 15 1.28 12.8%

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 1.4% 1,207 1,311 9% $14.09


1,611 2,140 2,312 1.17 8.1%

Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 0.2% 190 225 18% $12.94 Less than high

school 330 306 350 0.26 14.1%

Slaughterers and Meat Packers 0.1% 109 126 16% $12.49 Less than high school 149 116 134 0.20

15.5%

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 1.4% 1,246 1,475 18% $17.49


1,307 1,842 2,117 0.70 14.9%

Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders


162 148 166 0.97 11.7%

Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers


83 87 95 0.28 9.4%

Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders


105 113 122 0.52 8.4%

Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand 0.1% 120 130 8% $17.00 Less than high

school 101 128 140 0.57 9.0%

Painters, Transportation Equipment 0.2% 161 207 29% $18.48


201 303 373 0.87 23.0%

Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other 0.0% 27 32 19% $10.32


935 1,133 1,184 2.33 4.5%


140 166 188 0.52 13.2%

9,828 11,974 13,161


Retail Trade


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Computer Systems Analysts 0.0% 29 33 14% $32.16 Bachelor's

degree 3,312 4,195 4,634 1.10 10.5%

Software Developers, Systems Software 0.0% 13 15 15% $39.73 Bachelor's

degree 1,021 1,160 1,308 0.41 12.7%



1,485 1,647 1,854 0.86 12.5%

Optometrists 0.0% 20 23 15% $53.12 Doctoral or professional degree

121 152 172 0.63 13.0%

Pharmacy Technicians 2.3% 2,460 2,766 12% $13.91 High school diploma or equivalent

3,138 3,903 4,291 1.48 10.0%

Orthotists and Prosthetists 0.0% 13 15 15% $35.60 Master's degree 41 39 47 0.62

19.9%

Hearing Aid Specialists 0.0% 18 20 11% $27.64 High school diploma or equivalent

33 38 41 1.03 8.4%

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 0.1% 66 76 15% $11.82 Less than high

school 4,737 5,436 5,980 0.84 10.0%



1,711 2,003 2,124 1.13 6.0%

Parts Salespersons 1.4% 1,531 1,679 10% $14.55 Less than high school 1,562 2,033 2,221 1.24 9.3%



4,824 5,700 6,264 0.95 9.9%

Demonstrators and Product Promoters 0.0% 31 34 10% $11.47


309 376 432 0.60 14.9%

Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse

0.0% 51 62 22% $11.02 Less than high school 1,000 1,097 1,113 0.21

1.4%

Carpet Installers 0.0% 19 22 16% $22.51 Less than high school 75 88 97 0.47

10.6% Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers

0.2% 224 266 19% $15.73 Some college, no degree 601 750 840 0.91

12.0% Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairs

0.0% 19 23 21% $17.61 Associate's degree 87 113 125 1.07

10.4% Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles


50 65 84 0.74 29.7%

Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers


150 177 202 0.91 14.2%

Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians


271 277 263 1.07 -4.9%

Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics


263 357 385 1.73 7.9%

Bicycle Repairers 0.1% 78 97 24% $9.97 High school diploma or equivalent

57 80 99 1.01 23.8%

Tire Repairers and Changers 0.6% 696 797 15% $13.48


580 781 887 1.05 13.6%

Home Appliance Repairers 0.1% 148 174 18% $14.08 High school diploma or equivalent

220 242 269 1.02 11.0%

Machinists 0.0% 13 16 23% $20.05 High school diploma or equivalent

1,854 2,419 2,504 0.86 3.5%

Helpers--Production Workers 0.0% 19 21 11% $10.67 Less than high

school 2,297 2,768 2,830 0.91 2.2%

29,799 35,897 39,068


Information


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs




12.4% Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1.1% 234 258 10% $23.49 Bachelor's

degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91 14.6%

Financial Specialists, All Other 0.1% 12 13 8% $25.61 Bachelor's

degree 732 772 820 0.71 6.3%


degree 3,312 4,195 4,634 1.10 10.5%

Information Security Analysts 0.3% 58 65 12% $34.08 Bachelor's

degree 352 451 523 0.75 16.0%

Software Developers, Applications 2.1% 459 515 12% $37.91 Bachelor's

degree 2,236 2,674 2,990 0.55 11.8% Software Developers, Systems Software 0.8% 179 198 11% $39.73 Bachelor's

degree 1,021 1,160 1,308 0.41 12.7%

Database Administrators 0.4% 92 99 8% $37.48 Bachelor's degree 597 672 729 0.78

8.6% Computer Network Architects 0.6% 117 129 10% $46.88 Bachelor's

degree 517 585 644 0.56 10.1%

Computer User Support Specialists 2.0% 430 466 8% $19.69


3,201 3,769 4,146 0.86 10.0%

Computer Occupations, All Other 0.3% 57 63 11% $28.29 Bachelor's

degree 868 878 921 0.59 4.8%

Operations Research Analysts 0.2% 35 40 14% $30.31 Bachelor's

degree 512 620 691 1.09 11.4%

Actors 0.1% 23 35 52% $11.09 Some college, no degree

72 67 95 0.16 41.2%

Dancers 0.0% 10 11 10% $16.87 High school diploma or equivalent

99 111 116 1.32 4.5%

Technical Writers 0.1% 26 29 12% $23.33 Bachelor's degree 156 186 207 0.53 11.2%



4,927 5,929 6,369 0.94 7.4%

Food Preparation Workers 0.1% 11 12 9% $9.24 Less than high school 5,701 6,577 6,773 1.07

3.0% Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop


3.1%

First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 0.1% 29 32 10% $16.69


815 905 988 0.78 9.1%

Motion Picture Projectionists 0.1% 21 23 10% $8.58 Less than

high school 26 22 24 0.44 8.3%

Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 1.1% 227 250 10% $9.06 Less than

high school 636 675 732 0.82 8.5%

Library Assistants, Clerical 0.1% 12 13 8% $11.58 High school diploma or equivalent

721 689 755 0.76 9.5%

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 0.1% 11 12 9% $13.24


1,604 1,996 1,919 1.44 -3.9%


11,613 17,144 17,598 2.25 2.7%

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers


3,215 3,954 3,993 1.18 1.0%

47,790 59,944 63,486




Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Cost Estimators 0.0% 11 12 9% $27.22 Bachelor's degree 1,117 1,339 1,478 0.88

10.4% Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.7% 327 362 11% $23.49 Bachelor's

degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91 14.6%

Budget Analysts 0.0% 11 12 9% $29.39 Bachelor's degree 401 409 432 0.95

5.7%

Financial Analysts 1.4% 613 670 9% $34.36 Bachelor's degree 1,251 1,490 1,623 0.80

8.9%

Personal Financial Advisors 1.4% 643 737 15% $51.80 Bachelor's degree 583 742 849 0.53

14.3%

Credit Counselors 0.1% 22 25 14% $16.06 Bachelor's degree 112 116 132 0.57 13.7%

Loan Officers 3.7% 1,607 1,730 8% $29.21 Bachelor's degree 1,647 1,871 2,016 0.87

7.7%

Computer Systems Analysts 1.2% 527 576 9% $32.16 Bachelor's degree 3,312 4,195 4,634 1.10

10.5%

Information Security Analysts 0.2% 84 92 10% $34.08 Bachelor's degree 352 451 523 0.75

16.0% Software Developers, Systems Software 0.2% 77 83 8% $39.73 Bachelor's

degree 1,021 1,160 1,308 0.41 12.7%

Computer Occupations, All Other 0.1% 40 43 8% $28.29 Bachelor's degree 868 878 921 0.59

4.8%

Actuaries 0.4% 174 194 11% $33.78 Bachelor's degree 190 242 269 1.56 11.0%

Operations Research Analysts 0.4% 157 172 10% $30.31 Bachelor's degree 512 620 691 1.09

11.4%

Statisticians 0.1% 42 47 12% $24.95 Master's degree 244 277 306 1.42

10.8%

Graphic Designers 0.0% 12 13 8% $20.54 Bachelor's degree 1,021 1,087 1,101 0.78

1.3%

Pharmacists 0.0% 11 12 9% $60.27 Doctoral or professional degree

2,205 2,638 2,874 1.27 8.9%

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 0.1% 40 44 10% $17.08


7,883 8,623 9,115 1.00 5.7%

Retail Salespersons 0.3% 114 129 13% $10.02 Less than high school 28,264 30,705 32,665 0.97 6.4%



6,237 7,203 7,814 0.70

8.5%

Real Estate Brokers 0.0% 14 16 14% $27.84 High school diploma or equivalent

171 189 199 0.53 5.1%

Real Estate Sales Agents 0.0% 11 13 18% $14.31 High school diploma or equivalent

805 884 927 0.61 4.8%

Sales and Related Workers, All Other 0.3% 110 118 7% $11.68


731 802 855 0.93 6.7%

Financial Clerks, All Other 0.2% 107 118 10% $20.41 High school diploma or equivalent

156 173 189 0.55 9.6%


935 1,071 1,168 0.70 9.0%



15,245 16,225 17,401 0.88 7.3%

77,598 86,413 92,953


Real Estate


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Construction Managers 0.2% 27 29 7% $36.21 Bachelor's degree 1,613 1,867 2,019 1.15

8.2%


1,849 1,946 2,051 0.74 5.4%

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.5% 73 81 11% $23.49 Bachelor's degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91 14.6%


8.9%

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 0.7% 95 107 13% $19.72 Postsecondary non-degree award

822 954 994 1.91 4.1%

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 0.1% 12 13 8% $8.85 Less than high

school 15,380 18,569 20,011 0.82 7.8%

Waiters and Waitresses 0.2% 22 24 9% $8.94 Less than high school 17,649 20,593 21,362 1.17

3.7%

Amusement and Recreation Attendants 0.1% 13 14 8% $9.36 Less than high school 1,133 1,185 1,282 0.60

8.2%

Baggage Porters and Bellhops 0.1% 11 12 9% $9.39 High school diploma or equivalent

217 242 255 0.75 5.5%

Concierges 0.4% 56 62 11% $11.01 High school diploma or equivalent

189 242 265 1.05 9.6%

Recreation Workers 0.1% 15 17 13% $9.72 Bachelor's degree 1,639 1,716 1,876 0.69

9.4% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 0.2% 25 27 8% $28.16 Bachelor's

degree 3,761 4,803 5,093 1.82 6.0%

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 0.3% 50 55 10% $23.44


6,237 7,203 7,814 0.70 8.5%

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 0.1% 20 22 10% $9.55 High school diploma or equivalent

1,738 1,962 2,042 1.17 4.1%


935 1,071 1,168 0.70 9.0%

First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 0.1% 12 13 8% $25.95


2,455 2,824 3,109 0.80 10.1%

Carpenters 0.1% 20 22 10% $16.93 High school diploma or equivalent

2,169 2,555 2,837 0.57 11.1%

Construction Laborers 0.1% 17 19 12% $13.62 Less than high school 4,861 5,693 6,220 0.91

9.3%

Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 0.6% 81 90 11% $18.20 High school diploma or equivalent

775 892 939 1.02 5.2%

Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics 0.1% 21 24 14% $11.93


263 357 385 1.73 7.9%

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 0.2% 25 27 8% $20.09


2,165 2,647 2,930 1.37 10.7%

Industrial Machinery Mechanics 0.3% 38 46 21% $26.76 High school diploma or equivalent

1,860 2,396 2,561 1.06 6.9%

Medical Equipment Repairers 0.2% 29 33 14% $19.48 Associate's degree 264 478 557 1.59

16.6%

Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 0.4% 56 60 7% $11.69 High school diploma or equivalent

710 839 911 0.87 8.6%


11,613 17,144 17,598 2.25 2.7%

83,881 102,688 109,366


Professional Services


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Natural Sciences Managers 0.1% 33 40 21% $39.51 Bachelor's degree 213 211 223 0.56

5.5%


12.4%

Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.1% 27 35 30% $22.12 Bachelor's degree 408 484 560 0.81

15.7% Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1.5% 838 1,025 22% $23.49 Bachelor's

degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91 14.6%

Credit Counselors 0.0% 19 26 37% $16.06 Bachelor's degree 112 116 132 0.57

13.7%

Loan Officers 0.0% 27 35 30% $29.21 Bachelor's degree 1,647 1,871 2,016 0.87 7.7%

Information Security Analysts 0.3% 146 179 23% $34.08 Bachelor's degree 352 451 523 0.75

16.0%

Software Developers, Systems Software 0.9% 502 605 21% $39.73 Bachelor's degree 1,021 1,160 1,308 0.41

12.7%

Aerospace Engineers 0.0% 17 25 47% $42.38 Bachelor's degree 51 57 77 0.11

34.8%

Biochemists and Biophysicists 0.1% 34 41 21% $30.60 Doctoral or professional degree

97 115 128 0.52 12.0%

Biological Scientists, All Other 0.0% 11 14 27% $30.29 Bachelor's degree 149 141 145 0.58

2.7%

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 0.0% 16 24 50% $44.73 Doctoral or professional degree

186 119 154 0.15 29.6%

Physicists 0.0% 17 21 24% $47.14 Doctoral or professional degree

87 87 93 0.68 7.0%

Chemists 0.1% 47 57 21% $23.00 Bachelor's degree 234 238 260 0.37

9.0% Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 0.2% 128 157 23% $27.32 Bachelor's

degree 503 479 525 0.74 9.5% Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 0.1% 33 41 24% $29.08 Bachelor's

degree 73 76 87 0.29 13.9%


72 67 95 0.16 41.2%

Interpreters and Translators 0.2% 91 123 35% $18.80 Bachelor's degree 242 293 357 0.76 21.8%

Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 0.9% 464 559 20% $13.42 Associate's degree 371 484 581 0.71 20.0%

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 0.1% 35 42 20% $28.48 Bachelor's degree 349 364 387 0.80

6.3%

Private Detectives and Investigators 0.0% 21 26 24% $22.96 High school diploma or equivalent

122 147 167 0.74 13.6%

Protective Service Workers, All Other 0.0% 13 16 23% $17.92 High school diploma or equivalent

317 314 347 0.43 10.6%

Medical Secretaries 0.1% 35 44 26% $15.06 High school diploma or equivalent

1,938 1,933 2,363 0.48 22.2%

Machinists 0.1% 58 80 38% $20.05 High school diploma or equivalent

1,854 2,419 2,504 0.86 3.5%

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 0.0% 13 16 23% $17.49 High school diploma or equivalent

1,307 1,842 2,117 0.70 14.9%

14,617 17,218 19,429


Management


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Marketing Managers 1.7% 281 318 13% $41.09 Bachelor's degree 1,159 1,432 1,530 1.11

6.8% Human Resources Managers 0.9% 155 182 17% $38.11 Bachelor's

degree 824 1,006 1,084 1.20 7.8%

Cost Estimators 0.1% 18 20 11% $27.22 Bachelor's degree 1,117 1,339 1,478 0.88

10.4%


12.4% Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

1.9% 304 346 14% $23.49 Bachelor's degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91

14.6%



4,901 5,089 5,403 0.73 6.2%


8.9% Computer Systems Analysts 2.3% 367 409 11% $32.16 Bachelor's

degree 3,312 4,195 4,634 1.10 10.5%

Information Security Analysts 0.2% 40 46 15% $34.08 Bachelor's

degree 352 451 523 0.75 16.0%


degree 1,021 1,160 1,308 0.41 12.7%

Web Developers 0.2% 32 35 9% $28.04 Associate's degree 539 643 707 0.74

10.0% Computer Occupations, All Other 0.3% 48 53 10% $28.29 Bachelor's

degree 868 878 921 0.59 4.8% Operations Research Analysts 0.4% 62 71 15% $30.31 Bachelor's

degree 512 620 691 1.09 11.4%


10.8%

Industrial Engineers 0.8% 135 149 10% $38.51 Bachelor's degree 1,652 2,134 2,152 1.30

0.8%

Chemists 0.1% 13 15 15% $23.00 Bachelor's degree 234 238 260 0.37

9.0% Child, Family, and School Social Workers 0.1% 14 16 14% $18.92 Bachelor's

degree 2,053 2,020 2,170 0.96 7.4%

Social and Human Service Assistants 0.1% 11 13 18% $13.81


1,345 1,321 1,507 0.46 14.1%

Lawyers 0.5% 77 88 14% $47.56 Doctoral or professional degree

2,615 2,713 2,844 0.64 4.8%

Paralegals and Legal Assistants 0.4% 58 65 12% $23.51 Associate's

degree 2,058 2,273 2,393 1.17 5.3%

Commercial and Industrial Designers 0.1% 13 15 15% $25.66 Bachelor's

degree 116 141 150 0.69 5.9%

Personal Care Aides 0.2% 28 31 11% $9.08 Less than high school 5,002 6,924 8,110 0.63

17.1%

Financial Clerks, All Other 0.1% 15 17 13% $20.41


156 173 189 0.55 9.6%

First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers


2,455 2,824 3,109 0.80 10.1%



1,860 2,396 2,561 1.06 6.9%

38,557 45,484 49,931


Administrative


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Purchasing Managers 0.0% 11 13 18% $35.75 Bachelor's degree 502 607 623 1.19

2.6%

Compliance Officers 0.1% 44 52 18% $22.95 Bachelor's degree 1,787 1,757 1,830 1.01

4.1%


12.4% Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.1% 45 56 24% $22.12 Bachelor's

degree 408 484 560 0.81 15.7%

Fundraisers 0.0% 13 16 23% $22.85 Bachelor's degree 400 362 386 0.68



14.6% Information Security Analysts 0.0% 25 31 24% $34.08 Bachelor's

degree 352 451 523 0.75 16.0%

Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 0.0% 25 30 20% $27.08 Associate's

degree 212 214 229 0.44 7.1%

Legal Support Workers, All Other 0.0% 11 13 18% $17.69


324 309 317 0.89 2.7%

Public Relations Specialists 0.0% 30 36 20% $24.69 Bachelor's

degree 1,048 1,116 1,205 0.72 8.0%

Editors 0.0% 20 24 20% $23.29 Bachelor's degree 567 523 534 0.76

2.2%

Medical Transcriptionists 0.1% 90 117 30% $18.23 Postsecondary non-degree award

331 309 353 0.62 14.0%

Correctional Officers and Jailers 0.1% 60 84 40% $13.58


3,312 2,882 3,035 0.93 5.3%

Protective Service Workers, All Other 0.0% 20 24 20% $17.92


317 314 347 0.43 10.6%

Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation


52 59 69 0.34 17.6%

Tour Guides and Escorts 0.1% 64 76 19% $13.06 High school diploma or equivalent

350 427 457 1.62 7.0%

Counter and Rental Clerks 0.2% 131 161 23% $9.84 Less than high

school 2,590 2,968 3,115 0.95 5.0%

Insurance Sales Agents 0.0% 11 15 36% $20.41 High school diploma or equivalent

4,192 5,674 5,993 1.23 5.6%



309 376 432 0.60 14.9%



16,660 20,335 21,983 1.15 8.1%

Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks


431 446 468 0.45 5.0%


1,938 1,933 2,363 0.48 22.2%

Word Processors and Typists 0.0% 15 18 20% $16.14


268 195 194 0.30 -0.4%

Commercial Divers 0.0% 16 19 19% $19.46 Postsecondary non-degree award

28 27 30 1.09 10.1%

Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 0.0% 15 18 20% $9.79 Less than high

school 597 726 803 0.54 10.7%

39,887 46,242 50,131




Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Social and Community Service Managers 0.1% 18 20 11% $29.31 Bachelor's

degree 921 1,011 1,103 1.01 9.1%

Compliance Officers 0.1% 17 19 12% $22.95 Bachelor's degree 1,787 1,757 1,830 1.01

4.1%

Management Analysts 0.2% 45 51 13% $32.14 Bachelor's degree 2,988 3,402 3,739 0.79

9.9% Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.2% 42 50 19% $22.12 Bachelor's

degree 408 484 560 0.81 15.7%

Training and Development Specialists 0.6% 148 167 13% $26.18 Bachelor's

degree 1,553 1,797 1,953 1.07 8.7%

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.2% 60 71 18% $23.49 Bachelor's

degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91 14.6%


8.9%

Computer Systems Analysts 0.3% 72 81 13% $32.16 Bachelor's degree 3,312 4,195 4,634 1.10

10.5%


10.8%

Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists 0.1% 37 41 11% $31.07


475 471 506 0.62 7.3%

Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other 0.0% 12 14 17% $28.05 Bachelor's

degree 235 221 221 0.94 0.4%

Child, Family, and School Social Workers 0.2% 53 60 13% $18.92 Bachelor's

degree 2,053 2,020 2,170 0.96 7.4%

Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors

0.3% 88 100 14% $19.08 Bachelor's degree 392 425 460 0.85

8.3%



1,485 1,647 1,854 0.86 12.5%

Teachers and Instructors, All Other 3.0% 792 907 15% $19.80 Bachelor's

degree 1,994 2,194 2,366 1.09 7.8%

Instructional Coordinators 1.0% 255 284 11% $28.20 Master's degree 786 837 912 0.86

8.9% Education, Training, and Library Workers, All Other 0.3% 81 94 16% $16.41 Bachelor's

degree 395 402 433 0.54 7.8%

Coaches and Scouts 2.2% 574 651 13% $15.22 Bachelor's degree 1,059 1,194 1,317 0.78

10.4%

Choreographers 0.3% 70 83 19% $22.52 High school diploma or equivalent

79 101 113 2.11 12.1%

Interpreters and Translators 0.1% 14 16 14% $18.80 Bachelor's degree 242 293 357 0.76

21.8%

Occupational Therapists 0.0% 12 14 17% $37.35 Master's degree 888 595 674 0.72

13.3%

First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 0.1% 18 20 11% $16.69


815 905 988 0.78 9.1%

Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 0.3% 90 102 13% $16.60


1,414 1,571 1,637 0.86 4.2%

Recreation Workers 0.2% 50 56 12% $9.72 Bachelor's degree 1,639 1,716 1,876 0.69 9.4%



4,824 5,700 6,264 0.95 9.9%

33,575 37,727 41,359


Healthcare


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.0% 12 15 25% $22.12 Bachelor's

degree 408 484 560 0.81 15.7%

Computer Network Architects 0.0% 18 22 22% $46.88 Bachelor's degree 517 585 644 0.56

10.1%

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 0.0% 51 67 31% $44.73


186 119 154 0.15 29.6%

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 0.2% 284 341 20% $15.98


389 354 417 0.55 17.8%

Interpreters and Translators 0.0% 61 74 21% $18.80 Bachelor's degree 242 293 357 0.76

21.8%

Surgeons 0.1% 81 106 31% $96.18 Doctoral or professional degree

84 87 113 0.28 29.4%

Physician Assistants 0.3% 367 452 23% $41.56 Master's degree 363 412 500 0.61

21.4%

Podiatrists 0.1% 68 82 21% $49.57 Doctoral or professional degree

49 73 87 1.07 19.0%

Nurse Midwives 0.0% 15 19 27% $40.51 Master's degree 18 18 22 0.44

23.6% Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other 0.0% 52 69 33% $30.16 Master's

degree 103 97 115 0.38 19.1%

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 0.3% 322 390 21% $32.19 Associate's

degree 265 356 428 0.80 20.3%

Orthotists and Prosthetists 0.0% 17 22 29% $35.60 Master's degree 41 39 47 0.62 19.9%

Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 0.2% 229 287 25% $26.33


329 284 346 0.41 21.5%

Occupational Therapy Assistants 0.1% 113 140 24% $26.34 Associate's

degree 193 126 155 0.52 22.7%

Occupational Therapy Aides 0.0% 31 39 26% $11.48 High school diploma or equivalent

95 33 42 0.45 25.5%

Massage Therapists 0.1% 146 204 40% $17.44 Postsecondary non-degree award

314 397 492 0.64 23.9%

Healthcare Support Workers, All Other 0.1% 148 183 24% $16.79


459 367 402 0.49 9.5%

Waiters and Waitresses 0.1% 96 119 24% $8.94 Less than high school 17,649 20,593 21,362 1.17 3.7%

Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers


6.5%

Skincare Specialists 0.0% 26 33 27% $13.38 Postsecondary non-degree award

173 216 262 0.83 21.3%


189 242 265 1.05 9.6%

Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers 0.0% 44 54 23% $15.54


828 862 926 1.21 7.4%

Medical Secretaries 1.4% 1,744 2,147 23% $15.06 High school diploma or equivalent

1,938 1,933 2,363 0.48 22.2%

Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians


54 51 69 0.34 35.6%

Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 0.1% 148 185 25% $9.79 Less than high school 597 726 803 0.54 10.7%

27,175 30,648 32,955


Arts


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs




1,849 1,946 2,051 0.74 5.4%


degree 408 484 560 0.81 15.7%

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.4% 53 62 17% $23.49 Bachelor's

degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91 14.6%

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators 0.4% 47 52 11% $20.10


59 73 80 0.83 9.4%


72 67 95 0.16 41.2%

Writers and Authors 0.5% 59 65 10% $17.78 Bachelor's degree 265 298 313 0.89

5.2%

Photographers 0.2% 19 21 11% $14.74 High school diploma or equivalent

337 324 291 1.04 -10.1%



4,927 5,929 6,369 0.94 7.4%

Cooks, Fast Food 0.2% 19 21 11% $8.75 Less than high school 4,847 5,641 5,666 1.52 0.4%

Cooks, Short Order 0.5% 56 62 11% $9.19 Less than high school 1,285 1,479 1,493 1.22 0.9%

Bartenders 0.7% 86 97 13% $9.16 Less than high school 2,123 2,446 2,650 0.60

8.3% Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food


7.8%

Waiters and Waitresses 3.1% 365 403 10% $8.94 Less than high school 17,649 20,593 21,362 1.17 3.7%

Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 0.1% 15 17 13% $9.99 Less than high school 1,286 1,505 1,650 0.83

9.6% Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers


6.5%

Dishwashers 0.4% 48 54 13% $8.97 Less than high school 2,815 3,231 3,379 0.88 4.6%

Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other 0.2% 18 20 11% $9.03 Less than

high school 693 886 910 2.92 2.7%

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 3.6% 430 478 11% $11.82 Less than

high school 4,737 5,436 5,980 0.84 10.0%


189 242 265 1.05 9.6%

Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 0.1% 13 15 15% $19.52


2,319 2,766 2,812 1.35 1.6%



15,245 16,225 17,401 0.88 7.3%

Carpenters 0.1% 15 17 13% $16.93 High school diploma or equivalent

2,169 2,555 2,837 0.57 11.1%

Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics 0.3% 37 41 11% $11.93


263 357 385 1.73 7.9%

Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers


193 224 171 1.05 -23.7%

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other 0.2% 18 20 11% $16.34


750 853 908 0.84 6.4%

83,884 97,051 103,126


Accommodation


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Human Resources Managers 0.0% 19 20 5% $38.11 Bachelor's degree 824 1,006 1,084 1.20

7.8%


1,849 1,946 2,051 0.74 5.4%

Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 0.0% 14 15 7% $24.84


1,249 1,354 1,428 0.65 5.5%

Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 0.1% 94 106 13% $22.12 Bachelor's degree 408 484 560 0.81

15.7%

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 0.0% 21 23 10% $23.49 Bachelor's degree 2,334 3,022 3,463 0.91

14.6%

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 0.0% 20 21 5% $24.41 High school diploma or equivalent

4,901 5,089 5,403 0.73 6.2%

Dancers 0.0% 14 15 7% $16.87 High school diploma or equivalent

99 111 116 1.32 4.5%

Public Address System and Other Announcers 0.0% 19 20 5% $9.41 High school diploma or equivalent

76 105 110 1.94 4.1%

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 0.0% 19 21 11% $19.72 Postsecondary non-degree award

822 954 994 1.91 4.1%

Dietitians and Nutritionists 0.0% 18 19 6% $23.08 Bachelor's degree 428 433 482 0.97

11.2%

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 5.3% 4,960 5,330 7% $13.87


4,927 5,929 6,369 0.94 7.4%

Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 0.6% 527 563 7% $11.34 Less than high school 2,685 3,012 3,228 0.99

7.2%

Cooks, Restaurant 9.5% 8,880 9,561 8% $10.63 Less than high school 7,542 9,197 9,902 1.16

7.7%

Cooks, All Other 0.1% 95 101 6% $11.07 Less than high school 185 249 268 1.26

7.7%

Bartenders 2.2% 2,050 2,219 8% $9.16 Less than high school 2,123 2,446 2,650 0.60 8.3%

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 17.4% 16,302 17,598 8% $8.85 Less than high

school 15,380 18,569 20,011 0.82 7.8% Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 1.7% 1,619 1,715 6% $9.09 Less than high

school 1,692 1,901 2,024 0.62 6.5%

First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 0.0% 22 23 5% $16.69 High school diploma or equivalent

815 905 988 0.78 9.1%


189 242 265 1.05 9.6%

Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 0.0% 37 39 5% $19.15 High school diploma or equivalent

1,128 1,326 1,424 1.01 7.3%

Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 0.0% 22 24 9% $19.52 High school diploma or equivalent

2,319 2,766 2,812 1.35 1.6%

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 0.1% 97 103 6% $14.63


15,245 16,225 17,401 0.88 7.3%

First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 0.0% 17 18 6% $27.21


3,701 4,283 4,206 1.05 -1.8%

Bakers 0.2% 151 158 5% $11.56 Less than high school 549 611 636 0.51

4.1%

Driver/Sales Workers 1.1% 999 1,061 6% $14.91 High school diploma or equivalent

1,999 2,280 2,376 0.78 4.2%

73,466 84,444 90,249


Government


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Gaming Managers 0.0% 14 16 14% $31.86 High school diploma or equivalent

14 15 16 0.43 8.4%


degree 408 484 560 0.81 15.7%

Fundraisers 0.0% 28 36 29% $22.85 Bachelor's degree 400 362 386 0.68 6.8%

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 0.0% 30 37 23% $44.73


186 119 154 0.15 29.6%

Court Reporters 0.0% 25 29 16% $19.92 Postsecondary non-degree award

50 36 48 0.24 33.6%


6,644 6,660 7,363 0.64 10.6%

Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School 0.0% 30 34 13% $24.36 Bachelor's

degree 32 36 40 0.28 10.2% Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other


276 296 291 2.32 -1.8%

Interpreters and Translators 0.1% 108 122 13% $18.80 Bachelor's degree 242 293 357 0.76 21.8%

Media and Communication Workers, All Other 0.0% 22 25 14% $12.97


219 229 229 1.11 0.1%

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 0.0% 28 32 14% $32.19 Associate's

degree 265 356 428 0.80 20.3%

Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 0.0% 33 41 24% $13.46


584 659 707 1.12 7.3%

Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation 0.0% 10 12 20% $12.74


52 59 69 0.34 17.6%

Gaming Supervisors 0.0% 15 17 13% $19.75 High school diploma or equivalent

17 18 20 0.10 14.5%

Gaming Dealers 0.0% 36 44 22% $8.27 High school diploma or equivalent

46 48 58 0.07 20.4%

Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 0.0% 38 45 18% $9.06 Less than high

school 636 675 732 0.82 8.5%

Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 0.0% 13 16 23% $11.52


17 18 21 0.13 17.1%

Financial Clerks, All Other 0.0% 13 15 15% $20.41 High school diploma or equivalent

156 173 189 0.55 9.6%

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 0.0% 13 15 15% $9.55


1,738 1,962 2,042 1.17 4.1%


1,938 1,933 2,363 0.48 22.2%

Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other 0.3% 499 573 15% $16.84


1,299 1,118 1,209 0.48 8.2%

Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse


1.4% Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators


63 68 72 0.57 5.3%

Construction and Related Workers, All Other 0.0% 23 26 13% $18.19


94 107 120 0.45 12.7%

Commercial Pilots 0.0% 12 14 17% $24.06 High school diploma or equivalent

192 169 196 0.60 15.8%

16,568 16,988 18,784


Wholesale Trade


Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Training and Development Managers

0.0% 13 15 15% $41.61 Bachelor's degree 287 350 373 1.67

6.3% Architectural and Engineering Managers 0.1% 22 25 14% $51.31 Bachelor's

degree 792 871 924 0.65 6.1%

Logisticians 0.1% 53 62 17% $29.60 Bachelor's degree 578 727 817 0.78 12.4%

Management Analysts 0.2% 91 102 12% $32.14 Bachelor's degree 2,988 3,402 3,739 0.79



14.6%



4,901 5,089 5,403 0.73 6.2%


degree 3,312 4,195 4,634 1.10 10.5%


degree 1,021 1,160 1,308 0.41 12.7%

Web Developers 0.0% 21 24 14% $28.04 Associate's degree 539 643 707 0.74 10.0%

Computer Occupations, All Other 0.1% 23 26 13% $28.29 Bachelor's

degree 868 878 921 0.59 4.8%

Mechanical Engineering Technicians

0.0% 17 19 12% $27.51 Associate's degree 359 448 460 1.36

2.8%

Lawyers 0.0% 12 14 17% $47.56 Doctoral or professional degree

2,615 2,713 2,844 0.64 4.8%

Commercial and Industrial Designers 0.0% 16 18 13% $25.66 Bachelor's

degree 116 141 150 0.69 5.9%

Fashion Designers 0.0% 20 23 15% $24.47 Bachelor's degree 59 62 61 0.50

-1.9%

Pharmacists 0.2% 78 87 12% $60.27 Doctoral or professional degree

2,205 2,638 2,874 1.27 8.9%

Pharmacy Technicians 0.3% 127 142 12% $13.91 High school diploma or equivalent

3,138 3,903 4,291 1.48 10.0%



4,824 5,700 6,264 0.95 9.9%



309 376 432 0.60 14.9%

Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers 0.1% 22 25 14% $17.87


374 471 534 1.13 13.2%



1,860 2,396 2,561 1.06 6.9%

Medical Equipment Repairers 0.2% 108 124 15% $19.48 Associate's

degree 264 478 557 1.59 16.6%

Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers


76 79 79 0.51 -0.2%

Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 0.0% 12 14 17% $9.79 Less than

high school 597 726 803 0.54 10.7%

Parking Lot Attendants 0.0% 19 22 16% $9.02 Less than high school 800 1,269 1,318 1.25

3.9%

Crane and Tower Operators 0.0% 13 15 15% $18.72


140 166 188 0.52 13.2%

35,357 41,902 45,704




Description




% Change (2015 - 2020)



2010 Jobs



Logisticians 0.1% 52 62 19% $29.60 Bachelor's degree 578 727 817 0.78 12.4%

Security Guards 0.1% 51 58 14% $10.74 High school diploma or equivalent

6,239 7,204 8,032 0.87 11.5%

Protective Service Workers, All Other 0.0% 16 21 31% $17.92


317 314 347 0.43 10.6%

Chefs and Head Cooks 0.0% 10 12 20% $22.01 High school diploma or equivalent

715 849 878 1.07 3.4%

Cooks, All Other 0.1% 28 33 18% $11.07 Less than high school 185 249 268 1.26

7.7% Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners


6.0%


6,229 6,687 7,212 1.23 7.9%

Cashiers 0.1% 24 27 13% $9.16 Less than high school 19,466 20,882 21,434 0.88

2.6% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products


6,237 7,203 7,814 0.70

8.5%

Cargo and Freight Agents 0.6% 229 278 21% $18.91 High school diploma or equivalent

209 242 295 0.42 21.8%

Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping 0.2% 61 69 13% $14.71


513 537 572 1.03 6.7%

Avionics Technicians 0.0% 15 17 13% $23.32 Associate's degree 41 54 62 0.41

15.0%

Automotive Body and Related Repairers 0.0% 13 15 15% $20.07


962 1,160 1,281 1.17 10.4%

Industrial Machinery Mechanics 0.1% 27 31 15% $26.76 High school diploma or equivalent

1,860 2,396 2,561 1.06 6.9%

Maintenance Workers, Machinery 0.1% 23 26 13% $18.60


584 701 718 1.07 2.5%

Riggers 0.0% 13 15 15% $17.66 High school diploma or equivalent

43 48 56 0.36 16.5%

Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers


87 93 90 0.32 -3.4%

Helpers--Production Workers 0.1% 26 30 15% $10.67 Less than high school 2,297 2,768 2,830 0.91

2.2%

Commercial Pilots 0.2% 94 110 17% $24.06 High school diploma or equivalent

192 169 196 0.60 15.8%

Bus Drivers, School or Special Client 1.2% 459 539 17% $12.15


2,498 2,802 2,960 0.81 5.6%

Sailors and Marine Oilers 1.1% 403 457 13% $19.91 Less than high school 407 472 529 2.07

12.0% Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels 1.1% 417 473 13% $46.61 Bachelor's degree 393 459 518 1.92

12.9% Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants 0.0% 13 16 23% $9.37 Less than high

school 857 958 1,009 1.17 5.4%


140 166 188 0.52 13.2%

Machine Feeders and Offbearers 0.4% 172 199 16% $14.50 Less than high school 560 599 595 0.79

-0.8%


Appendix: Top 25 Industries by SOC Occupations, ranked by Total % of Jobs within Industry Group Management Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs




























$47,635 431,920 460753 6.7%


Business and Financial Operations Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs























Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures 0.8% 53.4% 382 422 10.5% $124,473 716 794 4.50 10.9%

Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities 0.7% 20.0% 338 375 10.9% $72,971 1,691 1,874 1.91 10.8%




$58,674 294,489 315460 7.1%


Computer and Math Related Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs









Software Publishers 2.6% 45.2% 591 665 12.5% $100,897 1,304 1,455 0.58 11.6%

















Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 0.8% 10.6% 196 224 14.3% $71,423 1,850 2,094 1.34 13.2%


$57,455 327,020 349710 6.9%


Architecture and Engineering Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change



Architectural Services 6.3% 54.6% 784 803 2.4% $83,133 1,439 1,491 1.26 3.6%


Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 3.8% 4.4% 461 465 0.9% $90,781 10,436 10,162 9.07 (2.6%)









Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing 1.5% 16.1% 178 176 -1.1% $74,850 1,113 1,074 0.32 (3.5%)

Landscape Architectural Services 1.3% 54.7% 157 153 -2.5% $33,071 287 284 1.41 (1.0%)


Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services 1.2% 54.0% 142 113 -20.4% $39,057 264 212 0.84 (19.5%)





Testing Laboratories 0.9% 17.2% 120 139 15.8% $59,145 696 799 0.58 14.8%


Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 0.9% 16.5% 117 144 23.1% $104,872 710 865 0.17 21.9%


$56,282 190,444 203668 6.9%


Life and Social Sciences Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change







Testing Laboratories 4.0% 30.7% 214 249 16.4% $59,145 696 799 0.58 14.8%


Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 3.1% 22.5% 161 200 24.2% $104,872 710 865 0.17 21.9%




Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) 2.1% 15.3% 106 100 -5.7% $56,141 696 665 1.32 (4.5%)



Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution 1.1% 6.5% 59 57 -3.4% $67,961 883 830 0.54 (6.1%)

Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling 0.8% 7.0% 45 50 11.1% $54,048 637 723 0.90 13.5%

All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 0.8% 7.0% 46 59 28.3% $40,678 663 857 0.73 29.2%

Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 0.8% 1.6% 42 48 14.3% $42,747 2,571 2,839 1.75 10.4%

Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities 0.8% 38.1% 28 <10 Insf. Data $80,566 73 17 0.17 (77.3%)


Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing 0.7% 4.7% 32 27 -15.6% $68,747 677 555 1.47 (18.0%)

Toilet Preparation Manufacturing 0.6% 3.5% 33 36 9.1% $52,385 928 1,016 2.59 9.5%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 0.6% 4.0% 33 45 36.4% $71,579 807 1,056 0.46 30.8%

Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 0.5% 1.1% 27 33 22.2% $69,762 2,428 2,759 1.88 13.6%

$53,057 278,457 298232 7.1%


Community and Social Services Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change



Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 7.4% 43.2% 1115 1251 12.2% $42,747 2,571 2,839 1.75 10.4%




Other Individual and Family Services 3.6% 30.0% 539 613 13.7% $32,052 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1%

Child and Youth Services 2.0% 29.0% 310 392 26.5% $33,659 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0%

Vocational Rehabilitation Services 2.0% 13.9% 293 325 10.9% $27,977 2,115 2,313 0.88 9.4%

Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 2.0% 5.4% 321 423 31.8% $18,597 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6%


Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) 1.7% 34.4% 240 230 -4.2% $56,141 696 665 1.32 (4.5%)

Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 1.6% 24.2% 236 292 23.7% $31,762 983 1,162 0.65 18.2%


Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities 1.3% 7.9% 187 193 3.2% $26,266 2,379 2,441 0.84 2.6%







Social Advocacy Organizations 0.7% 12.0% 114 130 14.0% $42,430 934 1,022 0.63 9.4%

Other Residential Care Facilities 0.7% 15.6% 104 98 -5.8% $26,907 681 658 0.61 (3.5%)

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals 0.6% 16.3% 87 68 -21.8% $48,907 523 378 0.71 (27.7%)


$46,492 272,977 290434 6.4%


Legal Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Offices of Lawyers 44.8% 55.4% 2729 2861 4.8% $74,767 4,889 4,998 0.67 2.2%




Other Legal Services 3.8% 56.4% 230 245 6.5% $47,582 405 420 0.71 3.6%
















Collection Agencies 0.2% 0.5% <10 15 Insf. Data $50,709 1,962 2,418 1.96 23.3%

Wired Telecommunications Carriers 0.1% 0.2% <10 <10 Insf. Data $66,208 3,830 3,645 0.94 (4.9%)

Education (State Government) 0.1% 0.1% <10 11 Insf. Data $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2%

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 0.1% 0.0% <10 <10 Insf. Data $64,162 39,884 42,085 1.26 5.5%

Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services 0.1% 0.3% <10 <10 Insf. Data $33,074 2,321 1,719 1.05 (25.9%)

$59,833 277,358 295241 6.4%


Education, Training, and Library Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Education (Local Government) 55.9% 67.3% 29257 31175 6.6% $39,892 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.7% Elementary and Secondary Schools 9.1% 64.7% 4679 4890 4.5% $34,634 7,232 7,529 1.02 4.1% Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 7.5% 29.1% 3830 4044 5.6% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%) Education (State Government) 6.8% 30.5% 3586 4154 15.8% $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% Child Day Care Services 4.8% 43.0% 2545 2900 13.9% $18,048 5,923 6,739 0.98 13.8% Religious Organizations 4.4% 14.4% 2323 2466 6.2% $19,850 16,111 17,016 1.34 5.6% Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.5% 2.5% 798 861 7.9% $38,361 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.6% State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.1% 1.7% 562 577 2.7% $45,832 33,601 34,348 2.11 2.2% Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 0.9% 3.2% 477 453 -5.0% $64,599 14,834 14,288 0.92 (3.7%) Temporary Help Services 0.9% 1.7% 485 554 14.2% $25,335 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1% All Other Schools and Instruction 0.8% 50.0% 430 498 15.8% $33,122 856 980 0.75 14.5% Sports and Recreation Instruction 0.7% 49.0% 365 446 22.2% $13,677 745 905 1.03 21.5% Technical and Trade Schools 0.6% 45.5% 321 353 10.0% $42,637 707 774 0.82 9.5% Fine Arts Schools 0.6% 49.4% 335 412 23.0% $23,391 675 818 1.14 21.3% Civic and Social Organizations 0.5% 6.9% 277 289 4.3% $14,025 4,004 4,167 1.43 4.1% Educational Support Services 0.5% 29.8% 288 356 23.6% $47,053 960 1,167 1.02 21.6% Other Individual and Family Services 0.3% 9.7% 173 191 10.4% $32,052 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1% Junior Colleges 0.3% 25.5% 150 148 -1.3% $32,225 649 875 1.15 34.7% General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 0.2% 0.3% 111 122 9.9% $64,162 39,884 42,085 1.26 5.5% Child and Youth Services 0.2% 8.9% 94 112 19.1% $33,659 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0% Business and Secretarial Schools 0.2% 23.7% 89 102 14.6% $25,941 372 420 4.17 12.9% Professional and Management Development Training 0.2% 24.6% 88 105 19.3% $51,142 355 416 1.00 17.2% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 0.2% 1.6% 91 114 25.3% $18,597 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6% Vocational Rehabilitation Services 0.2% 3.9% 83 92 10.8% $27,977 2,115 2,313 0.88 9.4% Museums 0.1% 9.9% 67 73 9.0% $30,498 672 718 1.12 6.9%

$41,213 267,311 285084 6.6%


Arts, Design, Entertainment, and Media Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Musical Groups and Artists 9.8% 83.6% 1466 1461 -0.3% $123,952 1,752 1,747 7.53 (0.3%) Religious Organizations 9.1% 8.6% 1384 1463 5.7% $19,850 16,111 17,016 1.34 5.6% Motion Picture and Video Distribution 8.1% 54.4% 1112 910 -18.2% $65,964 2,049 1,658 39.92 (19.1%) Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers 5.0% 59.6% 766 822 7.3% $73,314 1,285 1,378 3.38 7.3% Television Broadcasting 3.3% 54.0% 508 539 6.1% $58,842 941 998 1.06 6.0% Radio Broadcasting 3.2% 50.7% 491 525 6.9% $45,213 969 1,039 1.53 7.2% Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 3.0% 3.4% 445 470 5.6% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%) Education (Local Government) 3.0% 1.0% 446 470 5.4% $39,892 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.7% Music Publishers 2.9% 35.5% 445 466 4.7% $70,572 1,253 1,313 36.92 4.8% Motion Picture and Video Production 2.8% 54.6% 456 576 26.3% $73,830 838 1,047 0.59 25.0% Newspaper Publishers 2.0% 25.5% 264 182 -31.1% $46,110 1,031 706 0.79 (31.6%) Photographic Services 1.6% 53.8% 226 186 -17.7% $28,072 419 344 1.20 (18.0%) Education (State Government) 1.4% 1.9% 225 265 17.8% $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% Management of Companies and Enterprises 1.3% 1.3% 205 222 8.3% $107,691 16,029 17,196 1.06 7.3% Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.3% 0.6% 198 215 8.6% $38,361 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.6% Elementary and Secondary Schools 1.2% 2.6% 185 192 3.8% $34,634 7,232 7,529 1.02 4.1% State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.2% 0.5% 182 188 3.3% $45,832 33,601 34,348 2.11 2.2% Integrated Record Production/Distribution 1.2% 35.5% 171 161 -5.8% $79,092 480 454 17.93 (5.4%) Florists 1.1% 41.8% 153 113 -26.1% $17,778 366 269 0.88 (26.6%) Periodical Publishers 1.1% 20.7% 170 221 30.0% $63,053 817 1,058 1.24 29.5% Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services 1.0% 1.1% 160 179 11.9% $97,132 15,047 16,589 2.17 10.2% Advertising Agencies 1.0% 16.1% 159 182 14.5% $67,611 984 1,120 0.69 13.8% Graphic Design Services 1.0% 41.8% 148 144 -2.7% $52,720 355 344 0.80 (3.0%) Spectator Sports 1.0% 27.0% 142 145 2.1% $449,300 523 539 0.53 3.0% Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 0.9% 1.0% 141 136 -3.5% $64,599 14,834 14,288 0.92 (3.7%)

$52,603 217,125 227886 5.0%


Health Practice and Technology Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change











Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 2.3% 44.7% 1436 1613 12.3% $47,565 3,211 3,616 1.29 12.6%




Veterinary Services 1.4% 34.4% 890 1034 16.2% $32,146 2,554 2,848 1.09 11.5%

Ambulance Services 1.3% 82.8% 844 1059 25.5% $33,826 1,025 1,305 0.83 27.4%



Offices of All Other Health Practitioners 0.7% 31.4% 466 581 24.7% $47,129 1,489 1,887 1.59 26.7%



Hospitals (State Government) 0.6% 46.9% 377 343 -9.0% $37,484 804 731 0.34 (9.1%)




$44,243 321,196 344362 7.2%


Healthcare Support


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 16.0% 10.6% 4230 4482 6.0% $64,162 39,884 42,085 1.26 5.5% Offices of Physicians 13.5% 19.2% 3602 4044 12.3% $78,043 18,773 21,183 1.05 12.8% Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) 12.7% 37.8% 3313 3424 3.4% $33,622 8,831 9,375 0.75 6.2% Offices of Dentists 8.9% 39.8% 2354 2566 9.0% $46,894 5,952 6,601 0.93 10.9% Home Health Care Services 7.2% 36.8% 1980 2368 19.6% $35,425 5,348 6,278 0.57 17.4% Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 4.7% 32.8% 1320 1738 31.7% $23,622 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3%

Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 4.5% 22.1% 1260 1505 19.4% $18,597 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6% Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities 3.3% 35.7% 853 884 3.6% $26,266 2,379 2,441 0.84 2.6% State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 2.6% 2.0% 685 704 2.8% $45,832 33,601 34,348 2.11 2.2% Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 2.5% 20.6% 666 768 15.3% $47,565 3,211 3,616 1.29 12.6% Veterinary Services 2.2% 22.8% 578 621 7.4% $32,146 2,554 2,848 1.09 11.5% Hospitals (Local Government) 2.1% 12.0% 548 563 2.7% $48,298 4,585 4,719 1.01 2.9% Temporary Help Services 2.1% 1.9% 554 634 14.4% $25,335 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1% Other Outpatient Care Centers 2.0% 13.6% 557 671 20.5% $69,758 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8% Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories 1.9% 14.9% 531 608 14.5% $65,116 3,553 4,035 1.99 13.6% Offices of All Other Health Practitioners 1.4% 26.4% 397 517 30.2% $47,129 1,489 1,887 1.59 26.7% Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 1.3% 2.3% 338 324 -4.1% $64,599 14,834 14,288 0.92 (3.7%) Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.1% 0.9% 281 304 8.2% $38,361 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.6% Pharmacies and Drug Stores 1.0% 5.5% 266 294 10.5% $41,774 4,881 5,525 0.99 13.2% All Other Ambulatory Health Care Services 0.9% 22.9% 234 260 11.1% $57,673 1,020 1,128 1.24 10.6% Offices of Chiropractors 0.9% 33.3% 228 250 9.6% $37,055 688 758 0.76 10.1% Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 0.6% 1.2% 149 124 -16.8% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%) Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services 0.6% 5.1% 154 179 16.2% $25,233 2,958 3,232 0.81 9.3% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 0.5% 13.8% 136 159 16.9% $31,762 983 1,162 0.65 18.2% Education (State Government) 0.5% 1.1% 135 170 25.9% $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2%

$47,129 255,016 275980 8.2%


Protective Service Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change


Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car Services 22.8% 91.7% 4815 5518 14.6% $19,958 5,249 6,004 1.00 14.4%






Civic and Social Organizations 1.2% 5.9% 237 247 4.2% $14,025 4,004 4,167 1.43 4.1%





Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers 0.6% 5.2% 114 115 0.9% $17,949 2,173 2,188 0.55 0.7%

Facilities Support Services 0.6% 17.7% 119 156 31.1% $44,001 679 821 0.73 20.9%

Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) 0.5% 5.9% 101 108 6.9% $18,215 1,730 1,847 0.70 6.8%



All Other Support Services 0.3% 5.7% 56 66 17.9% $29,063 958 1,071 0.68 11.7%


Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings 0.2% 2.1% 43 41 -4.7% $33,830 2,014 1,889 0.82 (6.2%)


Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities 0.2% 5.3% 38 39 2.6% $37,081 715 726 1.04 1.5%



Convention and Trade Show Organizers 0.2% 5.9% 33 39 18.2% $38,360 558 628 1.46 12.4%

$37,923 384,884 406032 5.5%


Food Service Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Restaurants and Other Eating Places 76.5% 90.2% 67159 70534 5.0% $16,155 74,462 78,055 1.08 4.8% Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels 3.5% 24.1% 3047 3096 1.6% $26,018 12,673 12,944 1.20 2.1% Food Service Contractors 2.6% 78.0% 2307 2478 7.4% $24,595 2,952 3,153 0.89 6.8% Education (Local Government) 2.3% 4.7% 2043 2130 4.3% $39,892 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.7% Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores 1.7% 10.1% 1531 1647 7.6% $23,003 15,025 15,768 0.87 4.9% Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) 1.6% 83.3% 1440 1537 6.7% $18,215 1,730 1,847 0.70 6.8% General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 1.1% 2.5% 1001 1047 4.6% $64,162 39,884 42,085 1.26 5.5% Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) 1.0% 10.4% 912 957 4.9% $33,622 8,831 9,375 0.75 6.2% Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 0.8% 17.4% 698 900 28.9% $23,622 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3%

Civic and Social Organizations 0.7% 16.0% 639 672 5.2% $14,025 4,004 4,167 1.43 4.1% Caterers 0.7% 77.8% 630 684 8.6% $20,118 808 873 0.68 8.0% Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 0.6% 1.8% 564 603 6.9% $38,361 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.6% Temporary Help Services 0.5% 1.6% 468 531 13.5% $25,335 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1% Religious Organizations 0.4% 2.4% 392 414 5.6% $19,850 16,111 17,016 1.34 5.6% Golf Courses and Country Clubs 0.4% 27.1% 399 459 15.0% $20,811 1,471 1,683 0.59 14.4% Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores 0.4% 7.8% 371 367 -1.1% $19,256 4,764 4,613 0.90 (3.2%) State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 0.3% 0.8% 276 283 2.5% $45,832 33,601 34,348 2.11 2.2% Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 0.3% 2.0% 247 211 -14.6% $50,882 12,724 12,319 0.95 (3.2%) Motion Picture and Video Exhibition 0.2% 30.5% 215 255 18.6% $10,550 699 785 0.79 12.3% Education (State Government) 0.2% 1.5% 181 226 24.9% $33,645 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 0.2% 26.9% 174 210 20.7% $17,570 647 784 0.65 21.1% Elementary and Secondary Schools 0.2% 2.1% 154 160 3.9% $34,634 7,232 7,529 1.02 4.1% Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service 0.2% 1.0% 146 140 -4.1% $64,599 14,834 14,288 0.92 (3.7%) Bowling Centers 0.2% 27.6% 143 142 -0.7% $13,171 518 514 1.13 (0.9%) Child Day Care Services 0.2% 2.5% 148 171 15.5% $18,048 5,923 6,739 0.98 13.8%

$34,531 379,206 400961 5.7%


Buildings, Grounds, and Maintenance Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Janitorial Services 17.5% 84.3% 4973 5217 4.9% $18,759 5,900 6,182 0.81 4.8%


Landscaping Services 12.0% 82.5% 3511 3953 12.6% $28,547 4,254 4,780 0.90 12.4%





Exterminating and Pest Control Services 2.9% 78.1% 838 932 11.2% $40,886 1,075 1,202 1.43 11.9%

Private Households 2.9% 36.1% 819 905 10.5% $20,931 2,254 2,411 1.15 7.0%





Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings 1.6% 84.2% 471 508 7.9% $36,548 559 603 0.95 7.9%



Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Services 1.0% 84.5% 274 276 0.7% $29,369 324 326 1.08 0.3%


Golf Courses and Country Clubs 0.8% 16.4% 241 276 14.5% $20,811 1,471 1,683 0.59 14.4%







$34,099 364,564 386765 6.1%


Personal Care and Service Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 11.6% 55.5% 3177 3871 21.8% $18,597 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6%

Child Day Care Services 9.5% 41.8% 2475 2802 13.2% $18,048 5,923 6,739 0.98 13.8%

Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services 6.9% 60.8% 1805 2001 10.9% $25,233 2,958 3,232 0.81 9.3%



Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers 4.8% 55.9% 1218 1233 1.2% $17,949 2,173 2,188 0.55 0.7%

Private Households 4.5% 51.2% 1148 1204 4.9% $20,931 2,254 2,411 1.15 7.0%



Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities 3.5% 37.5% 890 907 1.9% $26,266 2,379 2,441 0.84 2.6%


Other Personal Care Services 2.5% 60.3% 645 698 8.2% $18,999 1,063 1,131 1.08 6.4%




Parking Lots and Garages 1.7% 28.0% 462 507 9.7% $18,456 1,632 1,722 1.76 5.5%

Funeral Homes and Funeral Services 1.5% 58.0% 382 384 0.5% $37,097 658 670 0.92 1.8%


Vocational Rehabilitation Services 1.3% 15.7% 333 369 10.8% $27,977 2,115 2,313 0.88 9.4%


Other Residential Care Facilities 1.1% 40.9% 280 270 -3.6% $26,907 681 658 0.61 (3.5%)

Motion Picture and Video Exhibition 1.0% 39.2% 275 304 10.5% $10,550 699 785 0.79 12.3%


Other Individual and Family Services 1.0% 14.9% 265 291 9.8% $32,052 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1%

Golf Courses and Country Clubs 1.0% 18.2% 267 305 14.2% $20,811 1,471 1,683 0.59 14.4%

$33,817 231,669 247635 6.9%


Sales Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change





Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores 3.9% 77.2% 3677 3555 -3.3% $19,256 4,764 4,613 0.90 (3.2%)

Electronics and Appliance Stores 3.8% 63.6% 3861 4566 18.3% $47,842 6,065 7,157 1.83 18.0%

Home Centers 3.3% 59.9% 3229 3575 10.7% $27,311 5,383 5,928 1.12 10.1%


Family Clothing Stores 2.4% 85.0% 2385 2489 4.4% $13,187 2,803 2,912 0.91 3.9%

New Car Dealers 2.4% 35.0% 2285 2286 0.0% $54,289 6,529 6,501 0.91 (0.4%)


Sporting Goods Stores 2.1% 74.6% 2163 2557 18.2% $18,677 2,896 3,416 1.48 18.0%

Women's Clothing Stores 2.0% 84.9% 1997 2329 16.6% $14,323 2,349 2,725 1.15 16.0%

Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores 1.8% 44.1% 1805 2093 16.0% $24,596 4,089 4,739 1.62 15.9%



Used Merchandise Stores 1.3% 62.4% 1275 1447 13.5% $16,423 2,038 2,295 1.75 12.6%

Other Building Material Dealers 1.2% 59.8% 1076 932 -13.4% $57,089 1,797 1,549 1.23 (13.8%)


Shoe Stores 1.1% 90.2% 953 762 -20.0% $17,193 1,056 840 0.75 (20.5%)

Tire Dealers 1.0% 44.1% 975 1030 5.6% $76,878 2,212 2,335 1.77 5.6%

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores 1.0% 78.3% 966 1114 15.3% $28,432 1,231 1,408 1.21 14.4%

All Other General Merchandise Stores 0.9% 53.3% 833 778 -6.6% $20,566 1,563 1,457 0.56 (6.8%)


Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 0.8% 35.1% 849 958 12.8% $69,762 2,428 2,759 1.88 13.6%

$31,991 197,357 210114 6.5%


Office, Administration, and Support Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change


























$50,424 382,942 406804 6.2%


Construction Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change






Site Preparation Contractors 4.0% 57.3% 1169 1253 7.2% $42,938 2,039 2,168 0.96 6.4%

Masonry Contractors 4.0% 74.5% 1198 1535 28.1% $36,836 1,605 2,027 1.68 26.3%

Roofing Contractors 4.0% 83.4% 1213 1400 15.4% $46,049 1,457 1,689 1.21 15.9%


Drywall and Insulation Contractors 3.3% 75.3% 978 1131 15.6% $41,843 1,298 1,489 0.88 14.7%

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction 3.2% 60.6% 942 1015 7.7% $49,879 1,555 1,662 0.73 6.9%

All Other Specialty Trade Contractors 3.2% 56.9% 949 1092 15.1% $43,204 1,669 1,913 0.80 14.6%


Painting and Wall Covering Contractors 2.4% 86.9% 692 710 2.6% $37,481 796 818 0.59 2.7%

Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors 2.2% 76.4% 642 703 9.5% $43,075 839 916 0.69 9.1%

Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction 1.9% 63.1% 530 449 -15.3% $43,352 840 710 0.71 (15.4%)


Other Building Finishing Contractors 1.2% 54.7% 371 444 19.7% $40,908 677 808 1.36 19.2%

Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors 1.2% 62.2% 347 410 18.2% $42,687 558 654 1.83 17.2%

Other Building Equipment Contractors 1.1% 34.7% 362 470 29.8% $60,719 1,031 1,287 1.05 24.8%

Finish Carpentry Contractors 1.1% 54.9% 327 333 1.8% $41,964 594 602 0.66 1.2%

Industrial Building Construction 1.0% 52.0% 271 244 -10.0% $83,694 522 467 0.47 (10.5%)


Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 0.9% 62.4% 268 352 31.3% $43,450 428 560 0.77 30.6%

Flooring Contractors 0.8% 54.4% 246 280 13.8% $38,004 451 511 1.01 13.2%

$45,171 143,076 153876 7.5%


Installation and Repair Occupations


Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change



New Car Dealers 4.3% 26.0% 1697 1696 -0.1% $54,289 6,529 6,501 0.91 (0.4%)


Automotive Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance 3.4% 72.3% 1345 1465 8.9% $37,657 1,860 2,028 0.70 9.0%

Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores 2.8% 28.9% 1184 1383 16.8% $24,596 4,089 4,739 1.62 15.9%


Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair 2.5% 59.0% 1006 1149 14.2% $47,648 1,706 1,959 0.98 14.8%

Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance 2.1% 49.8% 878 994 13.2% $60,267 1,758 1,969 2.57 12.0%






Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing 1.7% 6.3% 668 687 2.8% $90,781 10,436 10,162 9.07 (2.6%)

Tire Dealers 1.6% 29.0% 643 685 6.5% $76,878 2,212 2,335 1.77 5.6%




Used Car Dealers 1.3% 25.9% 540 623 15.4% $46,045 2,084 2,398 2.01 15.1%

General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance 1.3% 4.1% 525 563 7.2% $46,660 12,671 13,425 2.44 6.0%

Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance 1.2% 53.8% 459 405 -11.8% $54,028 849 745 0.60

(12.3%)

Electronics and Appliance Stores 1.2% 8.3% 502 600 19.5% $47,842 6,065 7,157 1.83 18.0%



$45,805 295,281 312292 5.8%




Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change





Printing 2.8% 58.3% 1776 1101 -38.0% $49,045 3,069 1,951 1.08 (36.4%)

















Machine Shops 0.9% 71.0% 649 671 3.4% $50,617 911 935 0.45 2.6%




$41,305 128,742 134651 4.6%


Appendix: Top 25 Industries by SOC Occupations, ranked by 2015-2020% Growth Management Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 6.4% 26 28 35 25% $43,450 326 428 560 0.77

30.6%

Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing 4.1% 13 14 19 36% $32,448 219 340 455 0.81 33.8%

All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 4.2% 27 30 40 33% $54,519 411 731 976 1.67 33.5%

Agricultural Implement Manufacturing 2.8% 11 11 14 27% $47,462 307 420 505 0.71 20.3% Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 5.2% 224 259 361 39% $36,580 66 5,042 7,427 5.34

47.3% Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 4.0% 103 110 139 26% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90

21.8%

Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers 6.7% 54 60 80 33% $125,171 541 902 1,201 4.93 33.3%

Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 8.3% 12 13 17 31% $78,760 122 159 202 1.87

26.9% Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 6.9% 13 14 20 43% $32,337 177 208 293 1.54 40.7%

Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers 6.5% 43 48 65 35% $43,136 683 733 995 0.87 35.7% Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers 5.8% <10 10 13 30% $62,433 184 179 222 0.92

24.1% Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 5.7% 68 73 92 26% $45,775 1,070 1,271 1,575 0.83

23.8% Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores 3.3% 26 28 35 25% $32,701 435 860 1,068 1.07

24.2%

Periodical Publishers 10.4% 79 85 110 29% $63,053 813 817 1,058 1.24 29.5%

Libraries and Archives 14.9% 11 12 16 33% $32,724 84 83 105 0.43 25.8% Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 18.2% 242 261 327 25% $50,312 420 1,427 1,747 1.47 22.5%

General Rental Centers 5.7% 12 12 16 33% $62,380 128 205 273 0.76 33.2%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 12.2% 90 98 125 28% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46

30.8% All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 9.2% 55 61 77 26% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73

29.2%

Business Service Centers 5.7% 60 66 87 32% $41,433 846 1,150 1,522 2.05 32.3%

Tour Operators 7.6% 11 11 14 27% $34,468 112 147 194 0.79 32.2% Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services 7.5% 19 21 31 48% $43,629 132 289 434 0.49 49.9%

Materials Recovery Facilities 7.3% 18 20 28 40% $37,258 60 282 393 2.24 39.0%

Ambulance Services 2.5% 23 25 33 32% $33,826 546 1,025 1,305 0.83 27.4%

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 4.6% <10 25 58 132% $105,624 17,168 602 1,409 0.39

134.0%

26,538 21,510 29,166

35.6%


Business and Financial Operations Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 3.7% 15 16 21 31% $43,450 326 428 560 0.77 30.6%

Glass and Glazing Contractors 3.6% 14 14 18 29% $49,530 276 395 486 1.01 23.1%

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 2.2% 95 111 163 47% $36,580 66 5,042 7,427 5.34 47.3%

Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 1.8% 48 51 66 29% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90

21.8%


Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers 5.9% 12 13 17 31% $71,527 188 224 275 1.26 23.0%

Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers 3.8% 25 28 39 39% $43,136 683 733 995 0.87 35.7%

Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 3.0% 35 38 49 29% $45,775 1,070 1,271 1,575 0.83

23.8%


Motion Picture and Video Production 3.9% 30 33 42 27% $73,830 708 838 1,047 0.59 25.0%

Other Telecommunications 6.7% 11 12 16 33% $83,030 248 167 216 0.30 29.2%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 23.2% 171 190 259 36% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46 30.8%

Other Services Related to Advertising 8.7% 58 63 81 29% $37,329 514 716 879 1.17 22.8%

Translation and Interpretation Services 15.7% 15 17 24 41% $39,301 62 105 142 0.48 34.8%

All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 15.7% 94 106 144 36% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73

29.2%


Collection Agencies 3.5% 65 69 89 29% $50,709 2,409 1,962 2,418 1.96 23.3%

Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services 5.1% 13 15 24 60% $43,629 132 289 434 0.49 49.9%

Fine Arts Schools 2.2% 14 15 19 27% $23,391 582 675 818 1.14 21.3%

Offices of All Other Health Practitioners 0.8% 10 11 14 27% $47,129 770 1,489 1,887 1.59 26.7%


134.0% Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 0.8% 30 33 44 33% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66

29.3% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 0.9% 45 51 66 29% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52

22.6% Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 7.5% 22 23 30 30% $64,277 210 311 375 1.52 20.8%

Zoos and Botanical Gardens 4.4% 13 14 18 29% $28,839 118 320 380 1.24 18.7%

35,465 32,394 42,572


Computer and Math Related Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs




Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 0.7% 18 19 25 32% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90

21.8%

Electronics and Appliance Stores 2.4% 139 147 175 19% $47,842 6,346 6,065 7,157 1.83 18.0%




Libraries and Archives 24.0% 18 20 27 35% $32,724 84 83 105 0.43 25.8%

Credit Card Issuing 7.6% 46 53 65 23% $68,721 46 688 834 1.11 21.3%

Testing Laboratories 2.2% 15 15 18 20% $59,145 718 696 799 0.58 14.8%

Management Consulting Services 9.6% 584 615 743 21% $79,836 4,395 6,351 7,566 0.91 19.1%

Environmental Consulting Services 7.9% 36 38 45 18% $63,999 302 472 539 0.77 14.4%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 7.9% 58 65 89 37% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46 30.8% Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 10.7% 73 76 94 24% $104,872 588 710 865 0.17

21.9%


All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 6.3% 38 42 55 31% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73

29.2%

Facilities Support Services 1.7% 11 12 15 25% $44,001 689 679 821 0.73 20.9%



Security Systems Services 1.5% 14 15 18 20% $51,660 666 941 1,095 1.04 16.3%

Convention and Trade Show Organizers 1.9% 10 10 12 20% $38,360 302 558 628 1.46 12.4%

Junior Colleges 3.3% 20 22 34 55% $32,225 670 649 875 1.15 34.7%

Professional and Management Development Training 6.2% 21 22 26 18% $51,142 376 355 416 1.00

17.2%

Educational Support Services 4.8% 44 46 57 24% $47,053 650 960 1,167 1.02 21.6%

Other Outpatient Care Centers 1.3% 49 52 62 19% $69,758 3,356 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8%

Home Health Care Services 0.3% 14 14 17 21% $35,425 4,350 5,348 6,278 0.57 17.4%

30,829 43,556 53,871


Architecture and Engineering Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors 0.9%

65 67 78 16% $53,760 5,650 7,288 8,409 1.09

15.4%

Other Building Equipment Contractors 1.5% 15

15 19 27% $60,719 696 1,031 1,287 1.05 24.8%

Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing 7.1%

13 14 17 21% $108,325 103 193 234 1.61

21.3%

Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 5.7% <10

11 13 18% $85,552 25 187 220 0.67 17.6%

All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 3.8%

24 30 39 30% $54,519 411 731 976 1.67

33.5%

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing 4.0% 14 14 17 21% $45,631 112 363 418 0.57 15.3% Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying 4.1%

11 13 16 23% $65,082 138 296 359 1.76

21.6%

Agricultural Implement Manufacturing 3.4% 13

14 18 29% $47,462 307 420 505 0.71 20.3%

Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing 21.6%

22 25 35 40% $41,895 187 119 164 0.05

38.5% All Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing 7.7%

13 13 15 15% $76,727 32 166 177 0.67

6.3%

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 3.5% 151

175 249 42% $36,580 66 5,042 7,427 5.34 47.3%

Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing 5.4% 69 74 92 24% $57,906 758 1,375 1,704 6.06 23.9% Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 5.1%

131 141 182 29% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90

21.8% Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 1.6%

28 29 34 17% $71,423 1,557 1,850 2,094 1.34

13.2%

Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 1.7% <10

10 12 20% $58,005 441 617 733 1.00 18.8%

Electronics and Appliance Stores 0.2% 12

13 15 15% $47,842 6,346 6,065 7,157 1.83 18.0%

Building Inspection Services 54.4% 31

34 46 35% $38,443 37 62 85 0.44 37.2%


Management Consulting Services 4.4% 269

281 334 19% $79,836 4,395 6,351 7,566 0.91 19.1%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 3.8%

28 30 40 33% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46

30.8% Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 16.5%

112 117 144 23% $104,872 588 710 865 0.17

21.9% All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 1.5%

<10 10 13 30% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73

29.2%

Facilities Support Services 3.0% 19

20 25 25% $44,001 689 679 821 0.73 20.9%

Landscaping Services 0.3% 11 11 13 18% $28,547 3,424 4,254 4,780 0.90 12.4%

Materials Recovery Facilities 4.5% 11

13 17 31% $37,258 60 282 393 2.24 39.0%

28,427 42,985 52,420


Life and Social Sciences Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Tobacco Manufacturing 1.7% 12 12 15 25% $62,554 649 721 819 8.02 13.58%

Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 6.8% 12 13 15 15% $85,552 25 187 220 0.67 17.62%

Toilet Preparation Manufacturing 3.5% 31 33 36 9% $52,385 1,096 928 1,016 2.59 9.50%

Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 1.1% 25 27 33 22% $69,762 1,579 2,428 2,759 1.88 13.62%

Engineering Services 2.8% 123 127 144 13% $76,751 4,643 4,632 5,341 0.70 15.30%



Environmental Consulting Services 4.0% 18 19 23 21% $63,999 302 472 539 0.77 14.38%

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 4.0% 30 33 45 36% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46 30.79%

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 22.5% 154 161 200 24% $104,872 588 710 865 0.17

21.88%

Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling 7.0% 43 45 50 11% $54,048 585 637 723 0.90 13.50%

All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 7.0% 42 46 59 28% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73 29.17%

Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.7% 105 110 121 10% $107,691 11,071 16,029 17,196 1.06 7.28%

Temporary Help Services 0.5% 129 133 151 14% $25,335 18,571 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.08%


Offices of Physicians 0.2% 38 40 48 20% $78,043 15,953 18,773 21,183 1.05 12.84%

Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 1.6% 41 42 48 14% $42,747 2,062 2,571 2,839 1.75 10.44%


Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories 1.8% 60 65 79 22% $65,116 2,638 3,553 4,035 1.99 13.57%

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 1.8% <10 11 26 136% $105,624 17,168 602 1,409 0.39 133.96%

Other Individual and Family Services 0.6% 10 11 12 9% $32,052 1,672 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.05%

Social Advocacy Organizations 2.5% 23 24 26 8% $42,430 760 934 1,022 0.63 9.42%

Education (State Government) 3.3% 375 388 447 15% $33,645 12,219 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.24%

Education (Local Government) 0.3% 122 125 135 8% $39,892 37,625 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.72%

Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.1% 351 359 392 9% $38,361 31,421 32,225 34,680 0.83 7.62%

170,717 184,848 205,199


Community and Social Services Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Management Consulting Services 0.2% 13 14 17 21% $62,554 649 721 819 8.02 13.6%

Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.5% 78 82 90 10% $85,552 25 187 220 0.67 17.6%

Facilities Support Services 1.9% 12 12 15 25% $52,385 1,096 928 1,016 2.59 9.5%


Educational Support Services 5.0% 45 49 61 24% $76,751 4,643 4,632 5,341 0.70 15.3%

Offices of Physicians 0.9% 156 162 185 14% $59,145 718 696 799 0.58 14.8% Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 1.1% 35 36 42 17% $79,836 4,395 6,351 7,566 0.91

19.1%

Offices of All Other Health Practitioners 1.6% 21 24 31 29% $63,999 302 472 539 0.77 14.4%

Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 43.2% 1,083 1,115 1,251 12% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46

30.8%

Other Outpatient Care Centers 3.8% 147 156 190 22% $104,872 588 710 865 0.17 21.9%

Home Health Care Services 2.3% 117 124 147 19% $54,048 585 637 723 0.90 13.5%

All Other Ambulatory Health Care Services 2.9% 29 30 33 10% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73 29.2% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 24.2% 228 236 292 24% $107,691 11,071 16,029 17,196 1.06


12.1%

Child and Youth Services 29.0% 290 310 392 26% $47,053 650 960 1,167 1.02 21.6%

Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 5.4% 286 321 423 32% $78,043 15,953 18,773 21,183 1.05

12.8%

Other Individual and Family Services 30.0% 521 539 613 14% $42,747 2,062 2,571 2,839 1.75 10.4%

Community Food Services 18.2% 36 40 52 30% $69,758 3,356 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8%

Community Housing Services 18.5% 72 74 81 9% $65,116 2,638 3,553 4,035 1.99 13.6%

Vocational Rehabilitation Services 13.9% 288 293 325 11% $105,624 17,168 602 1,409 0.39 134.0%

Child Day Care Services 1.0% 57 59 71 20% $32,052 1,672 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1%

Grantmaking and Giving Services 8.1% 46 48 56 17% $42,430 760 934 1,022 0.63 9.4%

Social Advocacy Organizations 12.0% 110 114 130 14% $33,645 12,219 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2%

Education (State Government) 1.8% 200 207 235 14% $39,892 37,625 43,389 45,872 0.79 5.7% Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 2.9% 911 933 1,022 10% $38,361 31,421 32,225 34,680 0.83

7.6%

170,717 184,848 205,199


Legal Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Commercial Banking 0.2% 13 13 14 8% $67,926 7,860 7,756 8,139 0.86 4.9%

Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation 0.4% 13 13 16 23% $66,591 2,299 3,380 3,890 1.19

15.1%

Investment Advice 0.8% 14 15 17 13% $117,058 1,156 1,779 2,051 1.37 15.3%

Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers 0.6% 19 19 20 5% $91,720 2,383 3,379 3,529 0.69

4.5% Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers 2.9% 168 169 173 2% $71,150 5,764 5,834 5,936 1.43

1.8%

Other Insurance Related Activities 0.7% 33 33 34 3% $75,040 4,438 5,121 5,332 2.39 4.1%

Real Estate Property Managers 0.4% 14 14 16 14% $43,319 2,501 3,240 3,556 0.84 9.7%

Offices of Lawyers 55.4% 2,696 2,729 2,861 5% $74,767 4,545 4,889 4,998 0.67 2.2%

Other Legal Services 56.4% 229 230 245 7% $47,582 277 405 420 0.71 3.6%

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services

0.1% 19 19 21 11% $97,132 10,833 15,047 16,589 2.17 10.2%

Computer Systems Design and Related Services 0.2% 14 14 16 14% $88,914 5,331 8,589 9,661 0.66

12.5%


Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.9% 136 143 161 13% $107,691 11,071 16,029 17,196 1.06

7.3%

Office Administrative Services 0.5% 21 22 26 18% $104,074 3,190 4,491 5,065 1.32 12.8%

Temporary Help Services 0.3% 86 89 102 15% $25,335 18,571 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1% Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools 0.1% 13 13 14 8% $50,882 16,498 12,724 12,319 0.95

-3.2% State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 3.9% 1,319 1,325 1,361 3% $45,832 38,842 33,601 34,348 2.11

2.2% Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals 1.5% 482 493 536 9% $38,361 31,421 32,225 34,680 0.83

7.6%

171,375 193,664 207,580


Education, Training, and Library Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Computer Systems Design and Related Services 0.2% 16 17 19 12% $88,914 5,331 8,589 9,661 0.66 12.5% Management Consulting Services 0.3% 19 20 23 15% $79,836 4,395 6,351 7,566 0.91 19.1% Office Administrative Services 0.3% 13 14 16 14% $104,074 3,190 4,491 5,065 1.32 12.8% Temporary Help Services 1.7% 471 485 554 14% $25,335 18,571 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1% Business and Secretarial Schools 23.7% 85 89 102 15% $25,941 439 372 420 4.17 12.9% Professional and Management Development Training 24.6% 83 88 105 19% $51,142 376 355 416 1.00 17.2% Technical and Trade Schools 45.5% 312 321 353 10% $42,637 919 707 774 0.82 9.5% Fine Arts Schools 49.4% 310 335 412 23% $23,391 582 675 818 1.14 21.3% Sports and Recreation Instruction 49.0% 340 365 446 22% $13,677 537 745 905 1.03 21.5% Language Schools 53.8% 54 60 78 30% $22,671 54 111 144 0.77 30.0% All Other Schools and Instruction 50.0% 409 430 498 16% $33,122 649 856 980 0.75 14.5% Educational Support Services 29.8% 269 288 356 24% $47,053 650 960 1,167 1.02 21.6% Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 1.8% 55 56 62 11% $47,565 2,189 3,211 3,616 1.29 12.6% Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 0.8% 21 21 23 10% $42,747 2,062 2,571 2,839 1.75 10.4% Other Outpatient Care Centers 0.5% 18 19 23 21% $69,758 3,356 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8% General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 0.3% 108 111 122 10% $64,162 19,374 39,884 42,085 1.26 5.5% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 2.4% 22 24 27 13% $31,762 975 983 1,162 0.65 18.2% Child and Youth Services 8.9% 89 94 112 19% $33,659 701 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 1.6% 83 91 114 25% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6% Other Individual and Family Services 9.7% 169 173 191 10% $32,052 1,672 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1% Vocational Rehabilitation Services 3.9% 81 83 92 11% $27,977 2,078 2,115 2,313 0.88 9.4% Child Day Care Services 43.0% 2,476 2,545 2,900 14% $18,048 5,818 5,923 6,739 0.98 13.8% Zoos and Botanical Gardens 9.7% 29 31 38 23% $28,839 118 320 380 1.24 18.7% Social Advocacy Organizations 6.4% 59 61 68 11% $42,430 760 934 1,022 0.63 9.4% Education (State Government) 30.5% 3,470 3,586 4,154 16% $33,645 12,219 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% 89,905 133,532 149,640


Arts, Design, Entertainment, and Media Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 0.2% <10 12 17 42% $36,580 66 5,042 7,427 5.34 47.3% Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 0.6% 15 15 19 27% $69,762 1,579 2,428 2,759 1.88 13.6% Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 1.1% 13 14 18 29% $45,775 1,070 1,271 1,575 0.83 23.8% Other Home Furnishings Stores 1.0% 11 11 14 27% $23,230 825 1,077 1,296 0.92 20.4% Sporting Goods Stores 0.4% 12 13 16 23% $18,677 2,034 2,896 3,416 1.48 18.0% Periodical Publishers 20.7% 158 170 221 30% $63,053 813 817 1,058 1.24 29.5% Motion Picture and Video Production 54.6% 423 456 576 26% $73,830 708 838 1,047 0.59 25.0% Other Consumer Goods Rental 1.3% 10 11 14 27% $35,012 865 879 1,063 1.15 21.0% General Rental Centers 6.2% 13 13 17 31% $62,380 128 205 273 0.76 33.2% Management Consulting Services 1.7% 104 110 134 22% $79,836 4,395 6,351 7,566 0.91 19.1% Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 1.6% 12 13 18 38% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46 30.8% Other Services Related to Advertising 15.8% 107 114 141 24% $37,329 514 716 879 1.17 22.8% Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling 6.9% 42 46 57 24% $54,048 585 637 723 0.90 13.5% All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 6.8% 41 47 66 40% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73 29.2% Business Service Centers 1.0% 10 11 16 45% $41,433 846 1,150 1,522 2.05 32.3% Collection Agencies 0.9% 18 19 25 32% $50,709 2,409 1,962 2,418 1.96 23.3% Fine Arts Schools 16.0% 100 108 130 20% $23,391 582 675 818 1.14 21.3% Sports and Recreation Instruction 15.8% 110 118 143 21% $13,677 537 745 905 1.03 21.5% Language Schools 15.5% 16 17 22 29% $22,671 54 111 144 0.77 30.0% Educational Support Services 1.7% 16 17 21 24% $47,053 650 960 1,167 1.02 21.6% Offices of Physicians 0.1% 18 18 22 22% $78,043 15,953 18,773 21,183 1.05 12.8% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 0.2% 10 12 15 25% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6% Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 16.4% 47 51 62 22% $64,277 210 311 375 1.52

20.8% Zoos and Botanical Gardens 5.4% 16 17 21 24% $28,839 118 320 380 1.24 18.7% All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 4.1% 25 27 33 22% $17,570 596 647 784 0.65 21.1% 39,402 56,020 67,725


Health Practice and Technology Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers 8.0% 186 194 218 12% $69,762 1,579 2,428 2,759 1.88

13.6%

Pharmacies and Drug Stores 55.0% 2,580 2,686 3,066 14% $41,774 4,128 4,881 5,525 0.99 13.2%

Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores 9.6% 81 87 104 20% $17,920 694 895 1,044 0.90

16.6%

Other Consumer Goods Rental 2.9% 24 26 31 19% $35,012 865 879 1,063 1.15 21.0%


Environmental Consulting Services 2.4% 11 11 13 18% $63,999 302 472 539 0.77 14.4% Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 2.4% 18 19 24 26% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46

30.8% Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences 2.7% 18 19 23 21% $104,872 588 710 865 0.17

21.9%

Veterinary Services 34.4% 848 890 1,034 16% $32,146 2,040 2,554 2,848 1.09 11.5%



Temporary Help Services 3.6% 1,014 1,043 1,184 14% $25,335 18,571 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1%

Offices of Physicians 42.4% 7,698 7,965 9,045 14% $78,043 15,953 18,773 21,183 1.05 12.8%

Offices of Dentists 29.7% 1,711 1,780 2,017 13% $46,894 4,891 5,952 6,601 0.93 10.9%


Other Outpatient Care Centers 49.5% 1,920 2,028 2,431 20% $69,758 3,356 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8%

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories 45.3% 1,519 1,609 1,836 14% $65,116 2,638 3,553 4,035 1.99 13.6%

Ambulance Services 82.8% 778 844 1,059 25% $33,826 546 1,025 1,305 0.83 27.4% Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 54.9% 41 313 729 133% $105,624 17,168 602 1,409 0.39

134.0% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 9.7% 91 96 112 17% $31,762 975 983 1,162 0.65


29.3%

Child and Youth Services 3.3% 33 35 42 20% $33,659 701 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0%


22.6%



108,567 119,048 138,238


Healthcare Support Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Pharmacies and Drug Stores 5.5% 258 266 294 11% $41,774 4,128 4,881 5,525 0.99 13.2% Management of Companies and Enterprises 0.2% 29 30 33 10% $107,691 11,071 16,029 17,196 1.06 7.3% Office Administrative Services 0.6% 24 25 28 12% $104,074 3,190 4,491 5,065 1.32 12.8% Temporary Help Services 1.9% 538 554 634 14% $25,335 18,571 28,823 32,304 1.45 12.1% Business Service Centers 1.7% 18 20 29 45% $41,433 846 1,150 1,522 2.05 32.3% Collection Agencies 1.9% 34 37 49 32% $50,709 2,409 1,962 2,418 1.96 23.3% Offices of Physicians 19.2% 3,492 3,602 4,044 12% $78,043 15,953 18,773 21,183 1.05 12.8% Offices of Chiropractors 33.3% 220 228 250 10% $46,894 4,891 5,952 6,601 0.93 10.9% Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists 20.6% 632 666 768 15% $37,055 604 688 758 0.76 10.1% Offices of All Other Health Practitioners 26.4% 360 397 517 30% $47,565 2,189 3,211 3,616 1.29 12.6% Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers 2.4% 59 61 67 10% $47,129 770 1,489 1,887 1.59 26.7% Other Outpatient Care Centers 13.6% 527 557 671 20% $42,747 2,062 2,571 2,839 1.75 10.4% Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories 14.9% 499 531 608 15% $69,758 3,356 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8% Home Health Care Services 36.8% 1,856 1,980 2,368 20% $65,116 2,638 3,553 4,035 1.99 13.6% All Other Ambulatory Health Care Services 22.9% 225 234 260 11% $57,673 932 1,020 1,128 1.24 10.6% Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 15.8% 12 97 230 137% $105,624 17,168 602 1,409 0.39 134.0% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 13.8% 130 136 159 17% $31,762 975 983 1,162 0.65 18.2% Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 32.8% 1,225 1,320 1,738 32% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3% Child and Youth Services 2.3% 23 25 30 20% $33,659 701 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 22.1% 1,167 1,260 1,505 19% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6% Other Individual and Family Services 2.3% 40 41 45 10% $32,052 1,672 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1% Vocational Rehabilitation Services 2.6% 55 56 63 13% $27,977 2,078 2,115 2,313 0.88 9.4% Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services 5.1% 147 154 179 16% $25,233 2,618 2,958 3,232 0.81 9.3% Other Personal Care Services 5.2% 54 56 63 13% $18,999 1,203 1,063 1,131 1.08 6.4% Education (State Government) 1.1% 128 135 170 26% $33,645 12,219 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% 118,292 130,880 149,770


Protective Services Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Electronics and Appliance Stores 0.2% <10 10 15 50% $47,842 6,346 6,065 7,157 1.83 18.0%

Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores 0.1% 19 19 21 11% $23,003 13,535 15,025 15,768 0.87

4.9%

General Warehousing and Storage 0.5% 29 31 37 19% $37,049 3,592 6,412 7,244 1.42 13.0%

Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 2.1% 28 30 37 23% $50,312 420 1,427 1,747 1.47

22.5%

Real Estate Property Managers 1.3% 41 43 49 14% $43,319 2,501 3,240 3,556 0.84 9.7%

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services 0.1% 18 19 22 16% $97,132 10,833 15,047 16,589 2.17 10.2% Computer Systems Design and Related Services 0.2% 20 21 24 14% $88,914 5,331 8,589 9,661 0.66

12.5%





Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car Services 91.7% 4,626 4,815 5,518 15% $19,958 4,205 5,249 6,004 1.00 14.4%

Security Systems Services 2.4% 21 23 28 22% $51,660 666 941 1,095 1.04 16.3%

Packaging and Labeling Services 5.8% 14 15 17 13% $35,395 371 255 279 0.69 9.4%


All Other Support Services 5.7% 53 56 66 18% $29,063 1,941 958 1,071 0.68 11.7%

Junior Colleges 1.9% 12 13 20 54% $32,225 670 649 875 1.15 34.7%

Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 0.7% 25 26 34 31% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3% Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 5.2% 15 16 20 25% $64,277 210 311 375 1.52

20.8%


Amusement and Theme Parks 8.2% <10 10 12 20% $19,432 91 125 145 0.11 15.6%

Golf Courses and Country Clubs 2.0% 28 29 33 14% $20,811 1,464 1,471 1,683 0.59 14.4%

All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 2.0% 12 13 16 23% $17,570 596 647 784 0.65

21.1%

Business Associations 3.3% 28 28 31 11% $62,216 843 848 920 1.05 8.5%


96,254 124,362 140,935


Food Service Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Meat Markets 17.9% 41 44 53 20% $30,375 75 242 289 0.70 19.2% Other Specialty Food Stores 18.5% 102 107 123 15% $12,591 273 578 661 0.67 14.2% Sporting Goods Stores 0.9% 26 27 33 22% $18,677 2,034 2,896 3,416 1.48 18.0% Used Merchandise Stores 0.6% 11 12 14 17% $16,423 1,395 2,038 2,295 1.75 12.6% Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water 18.5% 11 12 14 17% $20,946 0 64 76 0.61 19.5% Motion Picture and Video Exhibition 30.5% 205 215 255 19% $10,550 791 699 785 0.79 12.3% Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 2.3% 30 32 40 25% $50,312 420 1,427 1,747 1.47 22.5% Real Estate Property Managers 0.4% 14 14 16 14% $43,319 2,501 3,240 3,556 0.84 9.7% Office Administrative Services 0.6% 26 27 32 19% $104,074 3,190 4,491 5,065 1.32 12.8% Facilities Support Services 2.8% 18 19 22 16% $44,001 689 679 821 0.73 20.9% Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals 2.4% <10 14 33 136% $105,624 17,168 602 1,409 0.39 134.0% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 3.5% 33 35 40 14% $31,762 975 983 1,162 0.65 18.2% Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly

17.4% 652 698 900 29% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3%

Child and Youth Services 1.3% 13 14 17 21% $33,659 701 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 1.0% 53 58 73 26% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52 22.6% Other Individual and Family Services 1.2% 22 22 25 14% $32,052 1,672 1,786 1,984 0.61 11.1% Community Food Services 6.6% 13 15 18 20% $31,966 123 222 273 0.98 23.0% Child Day Care Services 2.5% 143 148 171 16% $18,048 5,818 5,923 6,739 0.98 13.8% Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 5.5% 16 17 21 24% $64,277 210 311 375 1.52 20.8% Zoos and Botanical Gardens 3.8% 11 12 14 17% $28,839 118 320 380 1.24 18.7% Golf Courses and Country Clubs 27.1% 383 399 459 15% $20,811 1,464 1,471 1,683 0.59 14.4% All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 26.9% 163 174 210 21% $17,570 596 647 784 0.65 21.1% Other Traveler Accommodation 24.9% 23 25 29 16% $17,953 54 99 116 0.49 17.0% Social Advocacy Organizations 1.1% 10 10 12 20% $42,430 760 934 1,022 0.63 9.4% Education (State Government) 1.5% 171 181 226 25% $33,645 12,219 11,870 14,036 0.65 18.2% 59,291 52,332 62,186


Buildings, Grounds, and Maintenance Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors 0.7% 48 49 58 18% $53,760 5,650 7,288 8,409 1.09

15.4% Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 0.3% 11 13 20 54% $36,580 66 5,042 7,427 5.34

47.3%

Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers 0.2% 16 16 19 19% $67,840 5,134 6,830 7,794 1.07 14.1%

Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores 5.3% 42 46 58 26% $32,701 435 860 1,068 1.07

24.2% Other Support Activities for Air Transportation 1.8% 13 14 17 21% $53,774 596 809 972 1.13

20.2%

General Warehousing and Storage 0.7% 42 45 53 18% $37,049 3,592 6,412 7,244 1.42 13.0% Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 10.7% 142 153 187 22% $33,830 1,857 2,014 1,889 0.82

-6.2%

Engineering Services 0.2% <10 10 13 30% $76,751 4,643 4,632 5,341 0.70 15.3%




Junior Colleges 4.5% 28 31 50 61% $32,225 670 649 875 1.15 34.7%


Home Health Care Services 0.2% 13 13 16 23% $35,425 4,350 5,348 6,278 0.57 17.4%


134.0% Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 1.9% 18 19 22 16% $31,762 975 983 1,162 0.65

18.2% Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly

6.2% 231 248 322 30% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3%

Child and Youth Services 1.3% 13 14 18 29% $33,659 701 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0%


22.6%


Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 4.6% 13 14 17 21% $64,277 210 311 375 1.52 20.8%


All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 16.3% 99 105 128 22% $17,570 596 647 784 0.65

21.1%

Other Traveler Accommodation 29.3% 27 29 34 17% $17,953 54 99 116 0.49 17.0%


97,907 111,403 131,415


Personal Care and Service Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Pet and Pet Supplies Stores 9.4% 60 63 73 16% $20,243 525 660 740 0.82 12.1%

Other Support Activities for Air Transportation 4.7% 36 38 45 18% $53,774 596 809 972 1.13 20.2%


Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 1.8% 24 25 32 28% $50,312 420 1,427 1,747 1.47

22.5%

Management Consulting Services 0.2% <10 10 12 20% $79,836 4,395 6,351 7,566 0.91 19.1%


Tour Operators 10.3% 14 15 19 27% $43,629 132 289 434 0.49 49.9%

Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services 10.3% 27 30 42 40% $51,660 666 941 1,095 1.04

16.3%

Fine Arts Schools 5.8% 36 39 46 18% $23,391 582 675 818 1.14 21.3%

Sports and Recreation Instruction 5.7% 39 42 51 21% $13,677 537 745 905 1.03 21.5%





Home Health Care Services 18.9% 953 1,024 1,249 22% $35,425 4,350 5,348 6,278 0.57 17.4%

Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities 23.0% 216 226 259 15% $31,762 975 983 1,162 0.65


29.3%

Child and Youth Services 15.2% 152 161 194 20% $33,659 701 1,061 1,294 0.78 22.0% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 55.5% 2,925 3,177 3,871 22% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52

22.6%

Community Food Services 13.4% 27 30 36 20% $31,966 123 222 273 0.98 23.0%

Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities 19.7% 57 61 74 21% $64,277 210 311 375 1.52

20.8%


Amusement and Theme Parks 32.2% 37 40 47 18% $19,432 91 125 145 0.11 15.6%

All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries 18.5% 112 120 146 22% $17,570 596 647 784 0.65 21.1%


73,289 97,516 113,724


Sales Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 2.7% 11 11 15 36% $43,450 326 428 560 0.77 30.6% Glass and Glazing Contractors 2.6% <10 10 13 30% $49,530 276 395 486 1.01 23.1% All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 3.3% 21 23 33 43% $54,519 411 731 976 1.67 33.5% Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing 2.4% 102 119 181 52% $36,580 66 5,042 7,427 5.34 47.3% Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing

0.8% 11 11 14 27% $57,906 758 1,375 1,704 6.06 23.9%

Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 0.9% 23 24 31 29% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90 21.8% Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers 19.1% 155 173 233 35% $125,171 541 902 1,201 4.93 33.3% Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 27.5% 41 44 56 27% $78,760 122 159 202 1.87 26.9% Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 13.3% 25 28 40 43% $32,337 177 208 293 1.54 40.7% Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers 13.5% 90 100 140 40% $43,136 683 733 995 0.87 35.7% Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers 13.4% 13 15 22 47% $43,575 62 110 158 0.35 43.3% Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 11.7% 139 149 188 26% $45,775 1,070 1,271 1,575 0.83 23.8% Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 18.0% 39 42 53 26% $65,475 187 233 287 1.79 23.5% Fish and Seafood Markets 43.7% 13 14 18 29% $19,043 11 33 42 0.33 26.6% Periodical Publishers 15.1% 115 124 162 31% $63,053 813 817 1,058 1.24 29.5% Other Telecommunications 27.5% 46 46 60 30% $83,030 248 167 216 0.30 29.2% General Rental Centers 25.1% 51 51 70 37% $62,380 128 205 273 0.76 33.2% Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 7.6% 56 61 80 31% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46 30.8% All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 6.8% 41 45 59 31% $40,678 528 663 857 0.73 29.2% Business Service Centers 9.2% 97 106 145 37% $41,433 846 1,150 1,522 2.05 32.3% Collection Agencies 9.8% 181 194 247 27% $50,709 2,409 1,962 2,418 1.96 23.3% Tour Operators 27.3% 38 40 53 33% $34,468 112 147 194 0.79 32.2% Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services 27.0% 70 78 118 51% $43,629 132 289 434 0.49 49.9% Junior Colleges 5.2% 32 37 59 59% $32,225 670 649 875 1.15 34.7% Sports and Recreation Instruction 1.4% <10 10 13 30% $13,677 537 745 905 1.03 21.5%

12,274 21,963 29,049


Office Administration and Support


Industry


(2014)

% of Total Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs




























$50,424 382,942 406804 6.2%


Construction Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs


2015 - 2020 %

Total Jobs

Change

Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors 62.4% 249 268 352 31% $43,450 326 428 560 0.77 30.6%

Masonry Contractors 74.5% 1,170 1,198 1,535 28% $36,836 1,261 1,605 2,027 1.68 26.3%

Glass and Glazing Contractors 62.3% 235 246 305 24% $49,530 276 395 486 1.01 23.1%

Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors 62.2% 339 347 410 18% $42,687 252 558 654 1.83 17.2%

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors 43.3% 3,072 3,159 3,664 16% $53,760 5,650 7,288 8,409 1.09 15.4%

Other Building Equipment Contractors 34.7% 335 362 470 30% $60,719 696 1,031 1,287 1.05 24.8%

Other Building Finishing Contractors 54.7% 354 371 444 20% $40,908 517 677 808 1.36 19.2%


All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 5.4% 35 38 53 39% $54,519 411 731 976 1.67 33.5%


Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 0.9% 24 25 32 28% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90 21.8%

Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping 0.8% 25 25 29 16% $50,578 1,628 3,216 3,605 5.94 12.1%

Other Home Furnishings Stores 3.3% 33 36 44 22% $23,230 825 1,077 1,296 0.92 20.4%


Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) 1.3% 17 19 23 21% $50,312 420 1,427 1,747 1.47 22.5%

Engineering Services 3.1% 135 143 170 19% $76,751 4,643 4,632 5,341 0.70 15.3%




All Other Support Services 1.9% 17 18 21 17% $29,063 1,941 958 1,071 0.68 11.7%

Waste Collection 2.2% 16 18 22 22% $47,364 716 775 898 0.68 15.8%


All Other Waste Management Services 37.7% 75 79 94 19% $34,970 128 210 246 0.78 17.1%

Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair 0.7% 12 12 14 17% $47,648 1,445 1,706 1,959 0.98 14.8%


40,505 55,416 67,077


Installation and Repair Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Other Building Equipment Contractors 27.0% 261 278 345 24% $60,719 696 1,031 1,287 1.05 24.8%

Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing 5.3% <10 10 15 50% $42,234 100 194 253 0.41

30.9% Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing 8.2% 15 16 20 25% $108,325 103 193 234 1.61

21.3%

Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing 8.7% 15 16 20 25% $85,552 25 187 220 0.67 17.6%

All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 5.2% 33 37 52 41% $54,519 411 731 976 1.67

33.5% Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying

8.5% 23 26 33 27% $65,082 138 296 359 1.76 21.6%

Agricultural Implement Manufacturing 5.0% 19 21 27 29% $47,462 307 420 505 0.71 20.3%


Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing 4.5% 59 62 78 26% $57,906 758 1,375 1,704 6.06 23.9% Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing 4.8% 124 131 164 25% $43,634 714 2,739 3,337 5.90

21.8%


Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers

7.3% 15 16 20 25% $71,527 188 224 275 1.26 23.0%

Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 6.9% 10 11 14 27% $78,760 122 159 202 1.87

26.9% Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 5.1% <10 11 15 36% $32,337 177 208 293 1.54

40.7%


Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 2.2% 26 28 35 25% $45,775 1,070 1,271 1,575 0.83

23.8%


General Rental Centers 18.3% 37 38 49 29% $62,380 128 205 273 0.76 33.2% Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services 1.5% 11 12 15 25% $71,579 446 807 1,056 0.46

30.8%

Materials Recovery Facilities 3.6% <10 10 14 40% $37,258 60 282 393 2.24 39.0%

Junior Colleges 2.4% 15 16 24 50% $32,225 670 649 875 1.15 34.7%



Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 2.9% 107 114 142 25% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3%

Footwear and Leather Goods Repair 41.1% 14 15 20 33% $29,985 11 37 49 2.07 32.4%

14,721 26,985 35,104




Industry


(2014)

% of Total

Jobs in Industry

(2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs







Printing 2.8% 58.3% 1776 1101 -38.0% $49,045 3,069 1,951 1.08 (36.4%)



Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing

2.1% 66.4% 1481 1289 -13.0% $52,978 2,264 2,045 2.57 (9.7%)














Machine Shops 0.9% 71.0% 649 671 3.4% $50,617 911 935 0.45 2.6%




$41,305 128,742 134651 4.6%


Transportation and Materials Moving Occupations


Industry

% of Total

Jobs in the

Industry

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2014)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2015)

Occupation Jobs in

Industry (2020)

% Change (2015 -

2020)


2010 Jobs

2015 Jobs

2020 Jobs



Wineries 18.9% 17 19 24 26% $19,217 111 98 124 0.26 26.6%

Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing 17.1% 30 33 43 30% $42,234 100 194 253 0.41

30.9%


All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing 8.1% 52 57 74 30% $54,519 411 731 976 1.67

33.5%


Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers 28.9% 233 260 346 33% $125,171 541 902 1,201 4.93 33.3% Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 19.5% 29 31 39 26% $78,760 122 159 202 1.87

26.9% Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 35.8% 66 75 104 39% $32,337 177 208 293 1.54

40.7%


Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers 35.7% 35 39 55 41% $43,575 62 110 158 0.35

43.3% Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers 46.7% 556 593 730 23% $45,775 1,070 1,271 1,575 0.83

23.8% Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 31.0% 67 72 89 24% $65,475 187 233 287 1.79 23.5%

School and Employee Bus Transportation 92.1% 223 240 296 23% $16,389 131 263 326 0.19 24.3%



General Rental Centers 29.5% 60 60 79 32% $62,380 128 205 273 0.76 33.2%






Other Outpatient Care Centers 0.2% <10 10 13 30% $69,758 3,356 4,100 4,913 1.15 19.8%


Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly 0.8% 31 34 47 38% $23,622 3,156 4,008 5,184 0.66 29.3% Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities 2.1% 110 120 151 26% $18,597 2,889 5,740 7,036 0.52

22.6%

35,261 49,900 61,482


Appendix: Industry Growth Rates 2005-2020

Industry 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020

Healthcare 21.3% 15.4% 11.6%

Manufacturing -31.7% 17.4% -4.2%

Finance & Insurance 6.4% 10.0% 4.5%

Information Technology -6.4% 5.2% 0.6%

Construction -16.8% 17.5% 11.2%

Creative and Cultural Industries 1.1% 13.9% 6.2%

Logistics (Warehousing, distribution, and wholesale)

-6.4% 22.1% 6.9%

Hospitality 1.4% 19.1% 4.6%

HQs, Back offices, and shared services -2.3% 32.5% 10.5%

Source: EMSI, 2015


Appendix: Yearly completions by program, Joint Metro Region CIP

Code Description 2003 Completions

2004 Completions

2005 Completions

2006 Completions

2007 Completions

2008 Completions

2009 Completions

2010 Completions

2011 Completions

2012 Completions

2013 Completions

1 Agriculture, General 12 20 35 48 41 39 27 21 32 46 44

1.01 Agricultural Business and Management 35 20 31 26 19 26 31 33 25 23 34

1.03 Agricultural Production Operations

9 25 18 7 11 8 15 12 23 7 24

1.06 Applied Horticulture and Horticultural Business Services

0 3 4 7 12 8 11 11 11 12 3

1.09 Animal Sciences 25 23 25 41 43 40 30 33 33 50 48

1.11 Plant Sciences 16 15 18 23 13 15 17 21 21 17 35

1.99

Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences, Other

50 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3.01 Natural Resources Conservation and Research

4 2 6 1 3 1 4 0 2 4 4

3.02 Natural Resources Management and Policy

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 23 27 28

5.01 Area Studies 23 34 46 29 29 36 49 46 49 47 39

5.02 Ethnic, Cultural Minority, Gender, and Group Studies

10 19 21 9 10 10 12 17 20 10 15

9.01 Communication and Media Studies 410 436 553 493 504 462 487 442 419 512 531

9.04 Journalism 26 27 30 27 15 17 13 12 14 21 16

9.07 Radio, Television, and Digital Communication

3 4 0 1 0 0 1 7 8 5 0

9.09

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication

11 15 17 31 28 27 51 38 30 34 48

9.99

Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs, Other

12 7 3 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 4

10.02

Audiovisual Communications Technologies/Technicians

0 0 67 101 166 187 218 220 234 246 227

10.03 Graphic Communications 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 17 15 18 16

11.01 Computer and Information Sciences, General

254 284 85 125 97 86 73 72 119 186 296

11.02 Computer Programming 8 14 11 9 0 4 3 0 0 11 25

11.03 Data Processing 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 4 0 1

11.04 Information Science/Studies 1 4 4 2 3 3 3 5 2 0 0

11.06 Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications

0 0 0 0 5 2 16 14 1 0 0

11.07 Computer Science 101 101 145 126 105 89 85 88 113 113 118

11.08 Computer Software and Media Applications

0 0 50 62 57 66 77 62 63 69 68

11.09 Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications

63 41 93 82 67 98 122 118 122 147 92

11.1

Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management

0 0 37 27 30 61 40 23 78 55 48

11.99

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, Other

69 28 33 31 23 9 8 15 14 11 0

12.03 Funeral Service and Mortuary Science 36 33 27 30 32 37 28 30 34 32 52

12.04 Cosmetology and Related Personal Grooming Services

410 819 469 479 866 967 816 916 1,094 1,150 1,007

12.05 Culinary Arts and Related Services 5 6 7 12 25 19 68 109 129 169 140

12.99 Personal and Culinary Services, Other

67 39 43 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13.01 Education, General 205 215 176 23 27 39 94 122 100 140 218

13.03 Curriculum and Instruction 223 201 275 290 281 310 356 335 399 351 387


13.04 Educational Administration and Supervision

478 342 470 628 603 469 542 622 457 512 462

13.07 International and Comparative Education

0 0 1 3 5 3 7 14 16 16 26

13.1 Special Education and Teaching 127 151 163 167 157 174 183 180 164 227 190

13.11 Student Counseling and Personnel Services

33 44 58 66 55 52 64 75 70 79 64

13.12

Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Levels and Methods

267 309 370 405 444 383 418 441 480 768 789

13.13

Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas

190 219 208 229 219 247 239 209 271 295 301

13.14 Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language

0 0 0 4 14 15 26 54 40 37 30

13.15 Teaching Assistants/Aides 0 0 0 5 14 28 33 17 11 25 8

13.99 Education, Other 4 28 23 24 41 26 23 1 1 148 61

14.01 Engineering, General 56 58 13 16 15 11 8 13 6 17 15

14.04 Architectural Engineering 8 15 29 4 6 11 13 6 4 5 2

14.05 Biomedical/Medical Engineering 66 86 94 98 107 115 79 69 83 80 90

14.07 Chemical Engineering 33 22 24 39 32 37 42 36 51 53 55

14.08 Civil Engineering 33 51 49 46 70 55 59 68 99 86 58

14.09 Computer Engineering 81 61 36 22 27 18 15 29 13 18 15

14.1

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering

92 108 103 73 73 83 81 59 62 66 56

14.11 Engineering Mechanics 0 6 5 9 13 6 3 0 0 0 0

14.12 Engineering Physics 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

14.13 Engineering Science 0 0 39 56 56 38 51 52 44 34 31

14.14 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering

3 7 5 9 8 6 5 12 7 3 10

14.19 Mechanical Engineering 62 84 64 81 59 76 82 86 106 106 107

14.42

Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 13 10

14.99 Engineering, Other 11 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 Engineering Technology, General 23 51 111 130 69 94 83 161 162 132 96

15.01

Architectural Engineering Technologies/Technicians

11 12 16 5 0 1 3 0 0 0 0

15.02 Civil Engineering Technologies/Technicians

5 4 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

15.03

Electrical Engineering Technologies/Technicians

133 142 31 27 72 66 72 56 82 82 71

15.04

Electromechanical Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians

11 28 30 7 27 0 1 1 0 9 9

15.05

Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians

12 12 12 0 30 39 43 38 129 110 72

15.06 Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians

55 57 32 22 31 19 24 21 76 81 47

15.07

Quality Control and Safety Technologies/Technicians

3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15.08

Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/Technicians

9 13 0 0 0 19 6 9 6 9 10

15.12

Computer Engineering Technologies/Technicians

32 36 39 36 35 17 29 36 94 72 16

15.13 Drafting/Design Engineering 76 66 71 76 65 99 70 80 92 64 59


Technologies/Technicians

15.15 Engineering-Related Fields 0 15 66 76 55 73 74 62 90 89 56

16.01

Linguistic, Comparative, and Related Language Studies and Services

46 50 48 66 52 67 65 70 61 65 93

16.04

Slavic, Baltic and Albanian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

2 2 1 4 0 2 4 3 1 8 3

16.05

Germanic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

16 17 22 22 21 23 14 17 10 18 12

16.09

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

121 162 134 135 167 164 142 175 164 136 129

16.12

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

11 14 11 19 14 14 12 19 17 10 17

16.16 American Sign Language 2 7 11 4 4 6 5 3 7 9 0

16.99 Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19.01

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General

8 1 5 3 2 7 3 5 6 7 8

19.04

Family and Consumer Economics and Related Studies

63 64 76 65 68 65 65 75 54 69 78

19.05 Foods, Nutrition, and Related Services 17 14 18 11 30 14 27 43 38 33 39

19.07

Human Development, Family Studies, and Related Services

85 102 161 288 192 227 247 317 300 288 226

19.09 Apparel and Textiles 29 41 36 49 49 46 51 51 33 43 40

22

Non-Professional General Legal Studies (Undergraduate)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 11 17 19

22.01 Law 183 194 200 202 224 222 187 204 198 195 206

22.02 Legal Research and Advanced Professional Studies

0 0 13 7 19 22 26 28 22 35 37

22.03 Legal Support Services 178 183 198 197 162 97 97 97 105 98 95

22.99 Legal Professions and Studies, Other 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

23.01 English Language and Literature, General

281 304 327 400 365 324 358 359 370 331 342

23.13 Rhetoric and Composition/Writing Studies

2 5 6 15 6 12 22 14 9 16 12

23.14 Literature 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

24.01

Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies and Humanities

1,182 1,227 1,418 1,460 1,547 1,604 1,821 1,791 1,965 3,532 2,998

25.01 Library Science and Administration 19 19 15 17 12 30 15 27 28 18 21

26.01 Biology, General 277 263 292 301 317 301 296 360 337 365 367

26.02 Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology

17 24 56 50 63 45 64 93 100 152 145

26.04 Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences

37 35 10 10 13 15 9 17 15 13 11

26.05 Microbiological Sciences and Immunology

3 16 12 11 16 6 12 6 4 11 11

26.07 Zoology/Animal Biology 7 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

26.08 Genetics 0 0 0 1 2 5 2 3 4 4 2

26.09 Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences

5 2 17 17 20 38 12 21 29 23 17

26.1 Pharmacology and Toxicology 7 13 9 14 8 6 8 10 11 10 8

26.11

Biomathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology

10 12 3 7 2 8 6 8 7 7 10

26.12 Biotechnology 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0


26.13 Ecology, Evolution, Systematics, and Population Biology

10 9 8 9 10 13 12 10 6 20 12

26.15 Neurobiology and Neurosciences 60 47 44 39 52 57 58 60 71 81 70

26.99 Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other

40 26 6 13 12 30 28 25 33 39 48

27.01 Mathematics 164 188 164 165 149 127 136 151 157 166 215

27.03 Applied Mathematics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 5

30 Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, General

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5

30.01 Biological and Physical Sciences 16 25 18 24 29 33 43 48 35 53 66

30.05 Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 12 18 20 27

30.11 Gerontology 2 4 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 6 52

30.15 Science, Technology and Society 0 0 1 4 2 7 6 7 5 3 6

30.17 Behavioral Sciences 0 0 0 0 1 4 3 0 8 12 16

30.18 Natural Sciences 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30.2 International/Global Studies 0 0 0 0 4 7 14 15 22 42 31

30.22 Classical and Ancient Studies 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 4

30.25 Cognitive Science 0 0 15 19 9 26 15 14 15 19 25

30.33 Sustainability Studies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0

30.99 Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other 456 392 385 459 497 432 437 458 556 275 361

31.01 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Studies 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

31.03 Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management

28 33 27 30 24 27 32 17 26 22 27

31.05 Health and Physical Education/Fitness 262 247 297 295 321 305 318 318 374 390 407

38.01 Philosophy 39 74 69 70 59 66 64 62 86 76 87

38.02 Religion/Religious Studies 57 80 76 89 68 92 109 77 69 59 70

38.99 Philosophy and Religious Studies, Other

11 8 4 4 3 2 3 2 0 0 0

39.02 Bible/Biblical Studies 60 37 24 32 26 26 29 22 20 25 15

39.03 Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology

0 3 5 3 1 2 1 6 4 6 13

39.04 Religious Education 8 2 3 0 3 2 0 2 0 0 0

39.05 Religious/Sacred Music 2 2 4 2 5 4 3 4 1 3 0

39.06 Theological and Ministerial Studies 83 102 98 92 89 107 111 133 117 111 113

39.07 Pastoral Counseling and Specialized Ministries

0 17 17 19 26 24 12 26 17 24 19

39.99 Theology and Religious Vocations, Other

0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 7 12

40.05 Chemistry 106 91 94 111 140 150 152 141 123 156 128

40.06 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences

19 32 32 36 32 30 37 45 48 44 60

40.08 Physics 34 39 33 40 60 56 76 60 60 59 81

40.1 Materials Sciences 2 4 1 6 3 4 3 8 6 8 6

41.99 Science Technologies/Technicians, Other

42 48 80 79 44 38 29 22 26 30 22

42.01 Psychology, General 486 534 596 552 534 593 602 637 579 657 661

42.27 Research and Experimental Psychology

70 62 34 41 29 34 27 42 43 24 22

42.28 Clinical, Counseling and Applied Psychology

53 42 33 24 30 64 78 102 103 122 144

42.99 Psychology, Other 41 36 18 30 42 30 36 0 0 0 0

43.01 Criminal Justice and Corrections 203 199 240 279 290 329 381 440 595 673 630

43.02 Fire Protection 31 43 28 55 32 26 24 26 39 33 53

44.02 Community Organization and Advocacy

1 5 4 8 22 12 17 18 18 16 14

44.04 Public Administration 18 28 27 75 60 68 61 79 63 57 63


44.05 Public Policy Analysis 0 0 20 20 21 34 25 23 44 37 46

44.07 Social Work 124 112 143 142 139 174 151 195 222 252 258

44.99 Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other

34 35 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

45.01 Social Sciences, General 223 211 194 207 200 251 237 217 206 185 204

45.02 Anthropology 36 60 44 46 53 62 48 32 46 54 67

45.06 Economics 312 248 244 288 219 257 293 264 293 325 324

45.07 Geography and Cartography 0 7 4 0 2 0 0 5 8 1 1

45.09

International Relations and National Security Studies

6 9 20 19 15 25 22 20 31 30 23

45.1 Political Science and Government 268 284 272 317 313 295 321 338 333 337 294

45.11 Sociology 114 116 132 130 142 127 134 148 138 128 123

45.12 Urban Studies/Affairs 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 2 5

46.03 Electrical and Power Transmission Installers

50 36 53 28 38 45 76 87 106 63 46

46.04

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 12 14 7

47 Mechanics and Repairers, General 0 0 0 0 13 12 24 14 16 17 6

47.01 Electrical/Electronics Maintenance and Repair Technology

14 15 34 26 32 34 34 38 36 46 30

47.02

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician (HAC, HACR, HVAC, HVACR)

65 60 55 49 57 53 63 91 101 103 129

47.03

Heavy/Industrial Equipment Maintenance Technologies

77 88 76 90 72 65 58 95 93 61 65

47.06 Vehicle Maintenance and Repair Technologies

1,329 1,449 1,530 1,682 1,489 1,281 1,334 1,438 1,706 1,658 1,447

47.99 Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians, Other

0 0 0 0 39 100 72 0 0 0 0

48.05 Precision Metal Working 86 78 97 88 67 97 109 141 184 139 146

49.01 Air Transportation 88 113 104 150 158 127 145 119 149 109 135

49.02 Ground Transportation 75 61 36 44 38 47 47 49 56 48 37

50.01 Visual and Performing Arts, General

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 21

50.04 Design and Applied Arts 156 191 168 218 273 291 252 293 292 253 220

50.05 Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft 60 103 123 117 121 128 129 117 143 87 90

50.06 Film/Video and Photographic Arts 32 28 43 30 35 30 38 64 105 112 108

50.07 Fine and Studio Arts 121 145 138 125 143 158 152 127 187 144 177

50.09 Music 234 209 232 242 210 247 210 314 250 303 271

50.1 Arts, Entertainment,and Media Management

391 481 490 509 525 509 578 434 493 528 535

51

Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129 141

51.02 Communication Disorders Sciences and Services

50 52 50 47 63 65 63 70 52 84 73

51.04 Dentistry 34 44 40 41 38 51 53 52 61 49 48

51.06 Dental Support Services and Allied Professions

65 76 102 202 306 324 309 393 396 365 332

51.07 Health and Medical Administrative Services

200 221 310 419 364 419 591 802 985 714 532

51.08 Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services

452 548 762 838 968 882 1,059 1,247 1,303 1,185 918

51.09

Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions

535 523 607 578 446 554 619 662 894 934 762


51.1

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science/Research and Allied Professions

99 74 95 96 87 100 146 163 186 111 186

51.11 Health/Medical Preparatory Programs

13 10 18 11 23 19 21 22 25 20 28

51.12 Medicine 169 176 154 172 189 184 171 203 189 193 199

51.14 Medical Clinical Sciences/Graduate Medical Studies

0 0 12 14 32 14 19 26 15 12 11

51.15 Mental and Social Health Services and Allied Professions

0 12 23 31 17 23 33 74 93 67 104

51.18

Ophthalmic and Optometric Support Services and Allied Professions

6 6 9 7 11 7 13 5 12 10 11

51.2

Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 144 145

51.22 Public Health 19 27 28 26 31 31 41 67 69 82 76

51.23 Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions

43 123 86 75 97 97 109 130 137 139 130

51.27 Medical Illustration and Informatics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24

51.31 Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services 12 1 7 10 12 7 7 10 14 9 11

51.35 Somatic Bodywork and Related Therapeutic Services

240 218 228 171 144 111 148 150 99 107 115

51.38

Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research and Clinical Nursing

691 809 965 1,087 1,139 1,195 1,280 1,416 1,517 1,744 1,826

51.39

Practical Nursing, Vocational Nursing and Nursing Assistants

319 228 282 258 191 251 297 240 431 443 470

51.99 Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other

16 8 16 40 56 91 82 59 74 68 81

52.01 Business/Commerce, General 190 204 202 183 207 249 212 266 247 374 343

52.02

Business Administration, Management and Operations

1,679 1,672 2,003 1,873 1,882 1,858 1,891 1,848 1,957 1,635 1,501

52.03 Accounting and Related Services 296 303 394 359 364 371 456 489 514 455 438

52.04 Business Operations Support and Assistant Services

237 246 282 299 306 279 240 441 526 571 447

52.06 Business/Managerial Economics 28 45 55 44 47 30 41 28 33 38 48

52.07 Entrepreneurial and Small Business Operations

0 12 65 52 66 61 70 65 51 54 64

52.08

Finance and Financial Management Services

83 137 131 134 130 123 189 166 187 196 203

52.09 Hospitality Administration/Management

3 2 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

52.1 Human Resources Management and Services

32 39 61 46 68 49 46 42 76 130 99

52.11 International Business 0 0 0 0 1 8 3 8 13 27 19

52.12 Management Information Systems and Services

181 203 196 128 138 108 110 138 109 99 70

52.13 Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods

44 5 0 1 1 3 4 7 13 6 7

52.14 Marketing 144 199 258 236 261 241 244 234 185 211 204

52.15 Real Estate 28 81 71 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

52.19

Specialized Sales, Merchandising and Marketing Operations

15 14 15 55 54 51 58 54 64 45 65

52.2 Construction Management 0 0 0 10 14 13 38 29 50 50 22

52.99

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, Other

21 35 24 26 5 2 9 16 2 1 2

54.01 History 171 184 201 224 208 211 224 256 279 287 277

Source: EMSI, 2015 19,045 20,422 22,136 23,010 23,389 23,685 25,137 26,831 29,324 31,451 29,769


Appendix: Occupations by Openings and Location Quotient, Joint Metro Region

Occupation Job Postings Location Quotient

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 8,288 1.4

Registered Nurses 7,278 1.2

Retail Salespersons 5,655 1.1

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 5,481 1.2

Software Developers, Applications 4,493 0.7

Customer Service Representatives 4,148 1.3

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 3,749 1.1

Medical and Health Services Managers 3,422 1.4

Human Resources Specialists 2,625 1.2

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 2,290 1

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 2,274 1.3

Sales Managers 2,255 1.2

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 2,185 1.5

Computer Systems Analysts 2,146 1.1

Accountants 2,136 1.2

Business Intelligence Analysts 2,053 1.1

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1,961 1.1

General and Operations Managers 1,888 1.2

Managers, All Other 1,832 0.9

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1,680 1.4

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 1,640 2

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 1,636 1.6

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 1,626 1.2

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 1,574 1.3

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 1,556 1.1

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 1,521 0.9

Nursing Assistants 1,408 1.1

Management Analysts 1,350 1.1

Computer User Support Specialists 1,349 1.2

Database Administrators 1,263 1.1

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 1,222 1

Cooks, Restaurant 1,202 1.3

Cashiers 1,184 1.1

Security Guards 1,169 1.3

Marketing Managers 1,054 0.8

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 1,030 1.1

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 996 1.4

Office Clerks, General 986 1.1

Network and Computer Systems Administrators 981 0.8

Financial Managers, Branch or Department 919 1.1

Production Workers, All Other 917 1.2

Waiters and Waitresses 901 1.4

Auditors 875 1.1 The Research Center 215

Financial Analysts 861 1

Computer Systems Engineers/Architects 823 0.7

Physical Therapists 819 0.8

Medical Secretaries 810 1.4

Computer Programmers 794 0.9

Food Service Managers 789 1.2

Insurance Sales Agents 783 1.3

Web Developers 777 0.7

Stock Clerks, Sales Floor 774 1

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 770 1.5

First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 757 1.1

Nurse Practitioners 753 1

Medical Assistants 739 1.2

Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 733 1

Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 705 1.2

Tellers 698 0.9

Critical Care Nurses 662 1.4

Software Quality Assurance Engineers and Testers 641 0.7

Bill and Account Collectors 629 2.2

Sales Agents, Financial Services 624 1.1

Software Developers, Systems Software 602 0.8

Lawyers 598 0.9

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 594 1.1

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other 578 1.3

Human Resources Managers 576 1.1

Personal Financial Advisors 568 0.9

Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 564 1.5

Patient Representatives 554 2.1

Training and Development Specialists 549 1.3

Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan 547 2

Information Technology Project Managers 539 0.7

Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 534 0.8

Pharmacy Technicians 522 1.3

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 520 0.9

Receptionists and Information Clerks 516 0.8

Billing, Cost, and Rate Clerks 505 2

Public Relations Specialists 504 1.2

Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 497 1.1

Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 488 1.7

Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors 485 1

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 479 2.2

Information Security Analysts 471 0.7

Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 465 1

Treasurers and Controllers 465 1.1

Mechanical Engineers 462 0.7

Industrial Engineers 457 1


Logistics Analysts 454 1.2

Administrative Services Managers 454 1.2

First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 450 1.1

Childcare Workers 450 0.6

Personal Care Aides 449 1

Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 449 0.9

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 448 1.3

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 448 0.9

Loan Officers 447 1.1

Civil Engineers 446 0.7

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 432 1

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 431 1

Data Entry Keyers 417 1.5

Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 407 1.3

Pharmacists 400 1.1

Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 399 1.1

Construction Managers 396 1.2

Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 391 1.2

Education Administrators, Postsecondary 388 0.9

Electrical Engineers 384 0.6

Speech-Language Pathologists 371 0.5

Retail Loss Prevention Specialists 366 1.3

Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 365 1.3

Postsecondary Teachers, All Other 364 0.9

Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 360 1.4

Paralegals and Legal Assistants 359 1.2

Stock Clerks- Stockroom, Warehouse, or Storage Yard 356 1.1

Electricians 347 1.1

Database Architects 342 1.2

Coaches and Scouts 336 0.8

Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 335 0.8

Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 327 1.2

Computer and Information Systems Managers 327 0.9

Driver/Sales Workers 321 1.1

Occupational Therapists 316 0.5

Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 308 1

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 307 1.1

Architectural and Engineering Managers 306 0.8

Physician Assistants 304 0.7

Teacher Assistants 293 0.7

Bartenders 291 1.4

Telemarketers 287 1

Financial Managers 280 0.9

Phlebotomists 275 1.4

Heating and Air Conditioning Mechanics and Installers 271 1.3

Social Workers, All Other 266 1 The Research Center 217

Compliance Officers 264 1.2

Quality Control Systems Managers 262 1

Demonstrators and Product Promoters 262 0.9

Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other 258 1.1

Food Preparation Workers 257 1

Vocational Education Teachers, Postsecondary 255 1.1

Computer Network Architects 255 0.8

Mental Health Counselors 253 0.9

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 248 1.3

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 242 1

Data Warehousing Specialists 241 0.9

Construction Laborers 237 1

Real Estate Sales Agents 237 0.9

Home Health Aides 233 0.9

Storage and Distribution Managers 228 1

Claims Examiners, Property and Casualty Insurance 224 1.7

Graphic Designers 223 0.7

Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 222 0.9

Physical Therapist Assistants 222 0.9

Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 221 0.6

Dishwashers 220 1

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 219 1.3

Radiologic Technologists 218 1.5

Surgical Technologists 214 1.1

Manufacturing Engineers 213 0.9

Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 212 1

Logisticians 209 1.1

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 209 1.4

Health Educators 208 1.1

Hospitalists 206 1.5

Operations Research Analysts 202 0.8

Recreation Workers 200 1

Plumbers 194 1.6

Document Management Specialists 193 1.1

Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 190 2

Psychiatrists 190 0.9

Welders, Cutters, and Welder Fitters 190 0.9

Industrial Production Managers 187 0.9

Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 186 1.1

Advertising Sales Agents 183 1.2

Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 182 0.8

Editors 182 1

Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 179 1

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 178 1.1

Internists, General 178 0.9

Cost Estimators 178 0.8


Surgeons 177 1.3

Order Fillers, Wholesale and Retail Sales 177 2.4

Quality Control Analysts 177 1.1

First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 177 1.3

Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants 171 1.5

Chemical Engineers 170 0.8

Radiologic Technicians 169 1.1

Respiratory Therapists 165 1.3

Family and General Practitioners 164 0.8

Bakers 163 0.9

Chefs and Head Cooks 162 0.8

Baristas 161 1.1

Telecommunications Engineering Specialists 161 1.1

Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 159 1.2

Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 159 1.6

Purchasing Managers 158 1.1

Dental Assistants 156 1

Sales and Related Workers, All Other 153 1.2

Compliance Managers 152 1.1

Source: Burning Glass, July 2014-June 2015


Appendix: Current industry earnings and establishments, Joint Metro Region

Description Current Total Earnings 2014 Establishments 2014 Location Quotient

Spectator Sports $504,793 20 0.53

Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying $447,602 1 0.33

Miscellaneous Intermediation $278,747 21 0.39

Securities Brokerage $214,398 51 0.27

Investment Banking and Securities Dealing $204,362 47 0.74

Footwear Manufacturing $183,856 1 2.90

Portfolio Management $179,998 78 0.23

Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing $169,012 1 1.50

Sales Financing $153,868 39 1.80

Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing $151,740 4 0.27

Monetary Authorities-Central Bank $149,408 2 0.17

Record Production $148,372 38 16.12

Tire and Tube Merchant Wholesalers $145,604 14 4.58

Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing $143,889 3 1.32

Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas $143,468 10 0.56

Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures $139,833 148 4.49

Musical Groups and Artists $139,248 275 7.34

Investment Advice $133,632 269 1.35

All Other Financial Investment Activities $133,556 12 0.57

Cable and Other Subscription Programming $133,148 3 0.11

Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals $127,260 4 0.05

Management of Companies and Enterprises $126,734 322 1.04

Software Publishers $126,010 78 0.58

Postproduction Services and Other Motion Picture and Video Industries $123,769 16 0.44

Distilleries $122,656 3 0.48

Office Administrative Services $122,288 363 1.32

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences $121,317 61 0.17

Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers $120,680 45 0.59

Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing $113,825 4 0.61

Oil and Gas Extraction $113,265 3 0.02

Automobile and Light Duty Motor Vehicle Manufacturing $113,097 2 9.08

Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services $112,375 677 2.13

Electrical Equipment Manufacturing $112,370 10 2.01

Natural Gas Distribution $110,012 9 0.46

Animal Food Manufacturing $109,393 8 1.23

Adhesive Manufacturing $108,942 3 0.64

Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing $108,168 4 0.01

Direct Life, Health, and Medical Insurance Carriers $107,754 70 0.69

Other Telecommunications $105,769 23 0.28

Other Activities Related to Real Estate $105,450 31 0.72

Computer Training $104,341 10 0.11

All Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing $102,755 4 0.67

Computer Systems Design and Related Services $102,700 904 0.66

Reinsurance Carriers $100,502 8 1.02

Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $100,083 4 0.23

Industrial Building Construction $99,496 29 0.50

Water Supply and Irrigation Systems $98,908 7 0.26

Asphalt Paving, Roofing, and Saturated Materials Manufacturing $98,086 7 0.46

Integrated Record Production/Distribution $97,968 21 17.34

Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing $97,850 6 0.33


Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing $97,752 2 0.17

Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing $97,745 9 0.41

Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $97,187 11 0.19

Material Handling Equipment Manufacturing $96,787 5 0.18

Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services $96,698 148 1.87

Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $96,232 47 0.45

Architectural Services $96,194 123 1.27

Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution $96,107 21 0.55

Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers $94,282 27 1.83

Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers $94,042 14 0.32

Offices of Physicians $93,424 1,286 1.05

Inland Water Transportation $93,417 3 8.18

Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities $93,151 19 0.23

Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers $92,780 57 1.15

Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers $92,521 49 0.60

Management Consulting Services $92,281 902 0.91

Engine, Turbine, and Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing $92,168 3 0.03

Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $91,617 5 1.76

Motion Picture and Video Production $91,480 115 0.56

Resin and Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing $91,467 13 1.57

Tire Manufacturing $91,090 6 2.46

Federal Government, Civilian, Excluding Postal Service $90,704 198 0.93

Wine and Distilled Alcoholic Beverage Merchant Wholesalers $90,496 18 0.83

Computer and Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing $90,313 5 0.28

Paint and Coating Manufacturing $89,986 9 0.50

Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing $89,613 1 0.52

Engineering Services $89,099 321 0.69

Book Publishers $88,817 22 0.88

Other Insurance Related Activities $88,549 124 2.42

Tire Dealers $88,202 148 1.77

Public Relations Agencies $88,005 74 1.08

Soap and Cleaning Compound Manufacturing $87,994 6 0.29

Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers $87,748 36 0.30

Music Publishers $87,414 123 35.33

Industrial and Personal Service Paper Merchant Wholesalers $87,177 20 1.30

Professional Organizations $87,023 57 0.65

Financial Transactions Processing, Reserve, and Clearinghouse Activities $86,594 54 1.94

Offices of Lawyers $86,518 886 0.67

Tobacco Manufacturing $86,515 6 7.38

Footwear Merchant Wholesalers $86,004 7 1.07

Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $85,860 82 1.10

Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling, and Drying $84,969 4 0.86

Printing Ink Manufacturing $84,519 8 0.99

Commercial and Service Industry Machinery Manufacturing $84,393 9 0.80

Electric Lamp Bulb and Part Manufacturing $84,167 1 0.94

Wired Telecommunications Carriers $84,057 140 0.94

Other Outpatient Care Centers $83,498 148 1.16

Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services $83,205 107 0.46

Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers $83,203 15 1.16

Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $83,182 39 0.99

Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $83,083 120 1.33

Direct Insurance (except Life, Health, and Medical) Carriers $82,982 153 1.43

Paperboard Container Manufacturing $82,975 26 1.32


Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers $82,886 53 0.88

Stationery Product Manufacturing $82,647 5 1.02

Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers $82,361 303 3.35

Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals) $82,047 24 1.09

Motion Picture and Video Distribution $81,706 2 40.05

Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum) Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying $81,673 3 1.66

Credit Card Issuing $81,548 4 0.97

Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers $81,150 59 1.78

Tobacco and Tobacco Product Merchant Wholesalers $81,123 7 0.83

Commercial Banking $80,653 582 0.85

Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing $80,622 4 0.13

Commercial and Institutional Building Construction $80,374 223 0.83

All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing $80,175 17 0.73

Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers $80,111 5 0.16

Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing $80,095 2 0.19

Lime Manufacturing $80,056 1 1.23

News Syndicates $79,952 5 0.45

Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $79,690 155 0.92

Other Nondepository Credit Intermediation $79,064 442 1.15

Wholesale Trade Agents and Brokers $78,931 1,351 1.08

Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing $78,778 9 0.60

Periodical Publishers $78,746 63 1.12

Flour Milling and Malt Manufacturing $78,713 3 0.91

Insurance Agencies and Brokerages $78,339 824 1.42

Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) $78,220 40 0.53

Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories $77,932 106 1.95

Construction and Mining (except Oil Well) Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $77,697 35 1.33

Advertising Agencies $77,548 117 0.68

Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction $77,488 60 1.29

Industrial Design Services $77,426 4 0.60

General Medical and Surgical Hospitals $77,341 40 1.25

Offices of Real Estate Appraisers $77,264 73 0.91

Construction, Transportation, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing $77,016 24 0.57

Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $76,281 16 1.60

Office Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $76,269 43 1.37

Construction Machinery Manufacturing $75,900 6 0.24

Forging and Stamping $75,856 11 0.46

Rail Transportation $75,840 0 0.52

Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers $75,581 5 1.58

Media Buying Agencies $74,835 8 0.47

Environmental Consulting Services $74,675 58 0.77

Stone Mining and Quarrying $74,202 24 1.19

Beer and Ale Merchant Wholesalers $74,178 12 1.03

Furniture Merchant Wholesalers $73,955 21 1.00

Other Depository Credit Intermediation $73,920 10 2.10

Business Associations $73,804 133 1.04

Land Subdivision $73,715 35 1.10

Industrial Machinery Manufacturing $73,670 12 0.19

Soft Drink and Ice Manufacturing $73,274 7 0.64

Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers $73,233 39 2.01

Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers $73,231 15 0.95

Drafting Services $73,167 11 0.44

General Rental Centers $72,994 16 0.73


Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying $72,949 3 0.41

Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing $72,936 1 1.06

Other Building Equipment Contractors $72,772 66 1.02

Packaged Frozen Food Merchant Wholesalers $72,624 5 0.86

Motor Vehicle Steering and Suspension Components (except Spring) Manufacturing $72,513 6 5.50

Residential Building Construction $72,411 760 0.84

Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events without Facilities $72,209 66 1.45

Business to Business Electronic Markets $72,060 13 0.60

All Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing $71,974 12 0.48

All Other Information Services $71,834 2 0.12

Nonwoven Fabric Mills $71,423 5 7.22

Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining $71,314 3 5.47

Pump and Compressor Manufacturing $71,227 5 0.03

Television Broadcasting $71,075 25 1.04

Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals $71,047 40 0.11

Scheduled Air Transportation $71,031 11 0.25

Hospitals (Local Government) $70,700 4 1.01

Turned Product and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing $70,699 13 1.30

Communication and Energy Wire and Cable Manufacturing $70,366 2 0.23

Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction $70,190 21 0.28

Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers $69,764 15 1.82

US Postal Service $69,705 122 0.80

Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance $69,700 87 2.43

Toilet Preparation Manufacturing $69,697 2 2.45

Motor Vehicle Brake System Manufacturing $69,636 2 4.08

Textile Bag and Canvas Mills $69,415 5 0.40

Ship and Boat Building $69,315 5 0.67

Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers $69,084 13 0.60

All Other Ambulatory Health Care Services $69,023 41 1.24

Rolling and Drawing of Purchased Steel $68,499 8 2.82

Travel Agencies $68,401 50 0.78

Testing Laboratories $68,354 36 0.57

Other Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers $68,262 53 1.71

Freight Transportation Arrangement $68,196 121 1.84

Credit Bureaus $68,157 15 2.15

All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing $68,061 30 1.48

All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing $67,992 31 1.20

Ferrous Metal Foundries $67,965 2 0.15

Other Building Material Dealers $67,889 162 1.24

Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing $67,882 4 1.75

State Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals $67,698 136 2.12

Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals $67,689 11 0.82

Charter Bus Industry $67,654 12 1.62

Nonscheduled Air Transportation $67,588 14 0.77

Other Warehousing and Storage $67,514 8 0.81

Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $67,505 70 0.99

Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians) $67,192 49 1.38

Metalworking Machinery Manufacturing $66,971 76 1.20

Snack Food Manufacturing $66,734 2 0.42

Explosives Manufacturing $66,634 3 3.38

Plastics Packaging Materials and Unlaminated Film and Sheet Manufacturing $66,588 8 0.98

Lessors of Nonfinancial Intangible Assets (except Copyrighted Works) $65,994 31 0.60

Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers $65,962 28 0.91

Sporting and Recreational Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $65,953 28 0.77


Ventilation, Heating, Air-Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing $65,674 15 2.65

Industrial Gas Manufacturing $65,654 5 0.97

Other Support Activities for Air Transportation $65,603 24 1.09

Waste Treatment and Disposal $65,426 16 0.24

Ornamental and Architectural Metal Products Manufacturing $65,078 56 0.93

Animal Production $64,976 31 0.12

Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors $64,437 498 1.08

Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers $64,154 469 0.95

Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing $64,106 6 1.06

General Line Grocery Merchant Wholesalers $63,988 35 1.12

Other Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing $63,703 52 1.42

Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing $63,471 10 1.87

Hardware Manufacturing $63,394 1 0.29

Cookie, Cracker, and Pasta Manufacturing $63,301 8 0.82

Farm and Garden Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $63,228 31 0.49

Sporting and Athletic Goods Manufacturing $63,208 9 1.63

Stationery and Office Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $63,190 33 1.01

Professional and Management Development Training $63,067 34 0.96

Motor Vehicle Metal Stamping $63,011 16 5.72

Recreational Vehicle Dealers $63,000 9 0.38

Savings Institutions $62,815 36 0.38

Carpet and Rug Mills $62,733 2 0.15

Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing $62,691 14 1.69

Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment (except Automotive and Electronic) Repair and Maintenance $62,545 143 0.66

Advertising Material Distribution Services $62,532 10 1.74

Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills $62,338 2 0.23

New Car Dealers $62,335 130 0.91

Support Activities for Rail Transportation $62,334 4 0.15

Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools $62,328 31 1.01

Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling $62,299 37 0.86

Other Commercial Equipment Merchant Wholesalers $62,131 38 1.60

Urban Transit Systems $62,108 3 1.67

Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing $62,065 13 6.23

Other Rubber Product Manufacturing $61,928 8 0.92

Lessors of Other Real Estate Property $61,787 27 0.43

Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance $61,700 48 0.56

Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors $61,300 416 0.97

Direct Mail Advertising $61,245 16 1.12

Machine Shops $61,186 66 0.45

Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturing $61,068 2 1.89

All Other Textile Product Mills $61,022 28 2.35

Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel $60,964 3 0.42

Graphic Design Services $60,842 81 0.81

Plate Work and Fabricated Structural Product Manufacturing $60,748 40 0.96

Security Systems Services $60,668 77 1.02

Other Motor Vehicle Parts Manufacturing $60,581 18 2.01

Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers $60,386 25 1.42

Navigational, Measuring, Electromedical, and Control Instruments Manufacturing $60,153 22 0.19

All Other General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing $60,076 11 0.75

Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing $60,048 2 0.17

Outdoor Advertising $59,927 17 1.00

Sewage Treatment Facilities $59,844 5 0.82

Agricultural Implement Manufacturing $59,829 5 0.65

Interior Design Services $59,652 67 1.16


Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing $59,640 2 3.58

Lighting Fixture Manufacturing $59,609 8 0.38

Printing $59,605 194 1.18

Collection Agencies $59,551 30 1.88

Glass and Glazing Contractors $59,366 25 1.01

Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction $59,365 53 0.74

Media Representatives $59,342 22 0.40

Lumber, Plywood, Millwork, and Wood Panel Merchant Wholesalers $59,113 63 1.47

Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Hospitals $59,100 5 0.77

Ready-Mix Concrete Manufacturing $59,099 35 1.15

Waste Collection $59,041 72 0.69

Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses) $58,911 111 1.38

Major Appliance Manufacturing $58,704 7 14.79

Metal Valve Manufacturing $58,638 3 0.33

General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance $58,508 336 2.43

Sound Recording Studios $58,398 65 4.39

Education (Local Government) $58,355 45 0.79

Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing $58,218 7 0.72

Hardware Merchant Wholesalers $58,115 48 0.77

Medical Equipment and Supplies Manufacturing $58,089 54 0.29

Educational Support Services $58,028 54 1.01

Federal Government, Military $57,892 0 2.59

Newspaper Publishers $57,867 38 0.84

Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers $57,827 28 0.63

Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage $57,680 8 1.15

Other Publishers $57,594 7 3.86

Consumer Electronics and Appliances Rental $57,426 35 1.43

Ophthalmic Goods Merchant Wholesalers $57,414 8 0.49

Political Organizations $57,391 14 0.55

Other Sound Recording Industries $57,374 7 2.95

Dairy Product (except Frozen) Manufacturing $57,209 3 0.40

Grantmaking and Giving Services $57,202 67 0.61

Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing $57,125 3 0.53

Offices of Physical, Occupational and Speech Therapists, and Audiologists $56,930 120 1.31

Other Concrete Product Manufacturing $56,448 11 1.09

Offices of All Other Health Practitioners $56,407 144 1.55

Sign Manufacturing $56,203 39 0.59

Frozen Food Manufacturing $56,167 3 1.30

Offices of Dentists $56,135 702 0.92

Local Government, Excluding Education and Hospitals $56,120 273 0.82

Plastics Pipe, Pipe Fitting, and Unlaminated Profile Shape Manufacturing $55,674 4 0.41

Nonferrous Metal Foundries $55,444 4 0.07

Roofing Contractors $55,188 121 1.17

Coating, Engraving, Heat Treating, and Allied Activities $55,182 43 0.86

Hospitals (State Government) $55,145 2 0.34

Automotive Body, Paint, Interior, and Glass Repair $55,124 206 0.96

Electronics and Appliance Stores $55,070 299 1.72

Other Legal Services $55,046 91 0.72

Other Business Support Services $54,894 45 0.61

Radio Broadcasting $54,753 52 1.46

Motor Vehicle Seating and Interior Trim Manufacturing $54,569 11 5.77

Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings Merchant Wholesalers $54,466 11 0.95

Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers $53,931 89 2.18

Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing $53,919 6 0.36


Other Gambling Industries $53,602 2 0.05

Wiring Device Manufacturing $53,496 6 0.94

Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local $53,305 94 0.50

Other Grocery and Related Products Merchant Wholesalers $53,265 45 0.78

Truck, Utility Trailer, and RV (Recreational Vehicle) Rental and Leasing $53,254 46 2.07

Remediation Services $53,179 40 0.85

Office Furniture (including Fixtures) Manufacturing $52,855 18 1.54

Used Car Dealers $52,816 254 2.00

Technical and Trade Schools $52,616 60 0.83

Semiconductor and Other Electronic Component Manufacturing $52,272 4 0.04

Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors $52,096 28 0.74

Service Establishment Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $52,081 49 0.69

Facilities Support Services $52,015 29 0.72

All Other Specialty Trade Contractors $51,800 170 0.81

Other Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers $51,742 39 0.57

Other Health and Personal Care Stores $51,635 107 0.83

Poured Concrete Foundation and Structure Contractors $51,626 89 0.68

Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction $51,622 79 0.74

Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing $51,577 4 0.35

Concrete Pipe, Brick, and Block Manufacturing $51,544 12 2.19

Site Preparation Contractors $51,468 172 0.98

Document Preparation Services $51,398 51 1.62

Other Travel Arrangement and Reservation Services $51,263 20 0.44

Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers $51,260 38 1.77

Unclassified Industry $51,213 45 0.04

Spring and Wire Product Manufacturing $51,185 12 2.12

Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors $51,163 25 1.88

Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers $50,688 21 0.32

Real Estate Property Managers $50,612 333 0.83

Tortilla Manufacturing $50,557 1 0.73

Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers $50,434 12 0.48

Social Advocacy Organizations $50,357 98 0.63

Floor Covering Stores $50,308 68 0.75

Finish Carpentry Contractors $50,308 113 0.66

Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers $50,218 53 0.83

Drywall and Insulation Contractors $50,168 107 0.83

Professional Employer Organizations $50,033 38 0.26

Manufactured (Mobile) Home Dealers $50,028 8 0.58

Emergency and Other Relief Services $49,898 10 0.72

Credit Unions $49,575 91 0.64

Education (State Government) $49,272 13 0.63

Linen and Uniform Supply $49,172 17 0.89

Couriers and Express Delivery Services $49,146 78 1.41

Pharmacies and Drug Stores $49,115 409 0.97

Other Building Finishing Contractors $49,028 69 1.36

Furniture Stores $48,852 144 0.80

Offices of Optometrists $48,816 120 0.81

Business Service Centers $48,658 82 1.89

Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses $48,570 144 0.70

Manufacturing and Reproducing Magnetic and Optical Media $48,544 10 1.53

Women's, Children's, and Infants' Clothing and Accessories Merchant Wholesalers $48,158 13 0.69

All Other Wood Product Manufacturing $48,080 18 1.16

Exterminating and Pest Control Services $48,056 93 1.41

Dairy Product (except Dried or Canned) Merchant Wholesalers $48,048 4 0.41


Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturing $47,705 8 2.20

Other Direct Selling Establishments $47,703 28 0.47

Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $47,587 41 0.88

Other Plastics Product Manufacturing $47,559 37 0.60

Support Activities for Printing $47,376 13 1.28

Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing $47,072 4 0.84

Support Activities for Mining $47,044 10 0.01

Support Activities for Animal Production $46,960 20 0.43

Other Support Activities for Road Transportation $46,903 19 1.68

All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services $46,881 50 0.72

Logging $46,780 12 0.13

Motor Vehicle Towing $46,779 61 0.85

Directory and Mailing List Publishers $46,699 13 0.74

Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing $46,682 7 2.12

General Freight Trucking, Local $46,616 47 0.30

Materials Recovery Facilities $46,457 21 2.14

Breweries $46,419 9 0.22

Other Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing $46,137 3 0.12

Sawmills and Wood Preservation $46,011 31 0.82

Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer Manufacturing $45,582 13 4.55

Flooring Contractors $45,551 76 0.97

Coffee and Tea Manufacturing $45,507 1 0.52

General Warehousing and Storage $45,429 81 1.39

Translation and Interpretation Services $45,309 12 0.47

Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services $45,205 55 0.88

Support Activities for Forestry $45,049 2 0.46

Convention and Trade Show Organizers $45,044 38 1.44

Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing $45,038 4 0.58

Painting and Wall Covering Contractors $44,932 125 0.60

Millwork $44,769 19 0.51

Port and Harbor Operations $44,672 1 0.28

Building Inspection Services $44,496 25 0.42

Offices of Chiropractors $44,357 202 0.75

Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation $44,317 45 0.25

Motorcycle, Boat, and Other Motor Vehicle Dealers $44,294 65 0.95

Meat and Meat Product Merchant Wholesalers $44,287 5 0.39

Telephone Call Centers $44,177 89 1.62

Masonry Contractors $44,157 88 1.60

Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction $44,040 26 0.20

Poultry and Poultry Product Merchant Wholesalers $43,878 2 0.51

Tile and Terrazzo Contractors $43,743 35 0.68

Bread and Bakery Product Manufacturing $43,662 33 1.21

All Other Waste Management Services $43,579 17 0.76

Funeral Homes and Funeral Services $43,569 72 0.93

Automotive Mechanical and Electrical Repair and Maintenance $43,553 444 0.69

Local Messengers and Local Delivery $43,282 23 0.37

Passenger Car Rental and Leasing $43,112 91 1.19

Other Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing $42,986 7 0.85

Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings $42,953 76 0.95

Outdoor Power Equipment Stores $42,931 25 0.94

Jewelry Stores $42,721 112 0.82

Home Health Care Services $42,416 145 0.57

Other Services Related to Advertising $42,374 65 1.13

Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing $42,191 61 0.67


Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills $42,104 4 0.88

Used Household and Office Goods Moving $41,883 42 0.91

Mattress Manufacturing $41,883 3 1.31

All Other Schools and Instruction $41,791 100 0.75

Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities $41,732 33 1.08

Other Support Activities for Transportation $41,732 8 0.29

Packaging and Labeling Services $41,562 15 0.66

Wood Container and Pallet Manufacturing $41,278 17 0.80

Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing $41,146 6 0.07

Other Consumer Goods Rental $40,987 86 1.12

Nursing Care Facilities (Skilled Nursing Facilities) $40,939 95 0.75

Child and Youth Services $40,591 49 0.76

Ambulance Services $40,573 16 0.79

Tour Operators $40,473 17 0.74

Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services $40,392 8 0.28

Framing Contractors $40,298 61 0.64

Elementary and Secondary Schools $40,269 84 1.04

Labor Unions and Similar Labor Organizations $40,194 66 0.62

Animal Slaughtering and Processing $39,873 17 0.64

Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $39,767 17 0.30

Cemeteries and Crematories $39,687 21 0.65

Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings $39,529 320 0.84

Fuel Dealers $39,374 48 0.56

Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers $39,112 8 0.44

Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores $38,924 81 0.98

All Other Food Manufacturing $38,901 3 0.35

Employment Placement Agencies and Executive Search Services $38,896 113 1.16

Community Housing Services $38,785 26 0.57

Office Supplies and Stationery Stores $38,709 78 0.95

Other Individual and Family Services $38,702 151 0.62

Residential Mental Health and Substance Abuse Facilities $38,631 29 0.65

Jewelry and Silverware Manufacturing $38,631 5 0.05

Community Food Services $38,550 9 0.90

Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation $38,502 1 0.75

Paint and Wallpaper Stores $38,381 23 0.70

Libraries and Archives $38,282 2 0.40

Landscape Architectural Services $38,261 58 1.39

Video Tape and Disc Rental $37,777 25 1.58

Toy and Hobby Goods and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers $37,616 8 1.37

Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing $37,542 2 2.25

Other Specialized Design Services $37,442 11 0.51

Men's Clothing Stores $37,404 36 0.76

Veterinary Services $37,217 189 1.08

Meat Markets $37,171 13 0.67

Home and Garden Equipment and Appliance Repair and Maintenance $36,917 33 0.68

Museums $36,658 20 1.11

Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions $36,507 4 0.77

Junior Colleges $36,150 11 1.13

Vending Machine Operators $35,834 58 2.21

Crop Production $35,741 70 0.19

Siding Contractors $35,734 44 0.81

Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers $35,425 7 0.97

Lessors of Miniwarehouses and Self-Storage Units $35,404 101 0.89

Art Dealers $35,215 22 0.36


Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers $35,010 3 0.09

Musical Instrument and Supplies Stores $34,955 37 1.79

Motor Vehicle Parts (Used) Merchant Wholesalers $34,852 15 0.45

Beer, Wine, and Liquor Stores $34,819 206 1.17

Footwear and Leather Goods Repair $34,682 8 1.87

Zoos and Botanical Gardens $34,663 4 1.19

Carpet and Upholstery Cleaning Services $34,490 58 1.08

All Other Support Services $34,129 58 0.68

Cutlery and Handtool Manufacturing $34,029 2 0.10

Vocational Rehabilitation Services $33,739 64 0.87

Nonchocolate Confectionery Manufacturing $33,691 3 0.45

Landscaping Services $33,554 555 0.89

Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations) $33,461 46 0.26

Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors $33,186 3 0.40

Household and Institutional Furniture Manufacturing $32,965 19 0.27

Other Residential Care Facilities $32,734 18 0.61

Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing $32,632 3 0.08

Home Centers $32,491 66 1.13

Photographic Services $32,434 72 1.24

All Other Miscellaneous Store Retailers $32,401 186 0.95

Marinas $32,300 15 0.44

Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities $31,990 78 0.87

Business and Secretarial Schools $31,979 3 3.97

Hardware Stores $31,409 57 0.31

Other Personal and Household Goods Repair and Maintenance $30,823 37 0.61

Luggage and Leather Goods Stores $30,763 10 0.62

Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels $30,637 369 1.21

Limousine Service $30,498 13 0.64

Coin-Operated Laundries and Drycleaners $30,281 24 0.54

Optical Goods Stores $30,204 66 1.09

Temporary Help Services $29,812 360 1.46

Other Gasoline Stations $29,738 45 1.07

Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation $29,655 20 0.54

Hair, Nail, and Skin Care Services $29,618 377 0.80

Other Performing Arts Companies $29,493 2 0.48

Airport Operations $29,113 14 0.71

Theater Companies and Dinner Theaters $29,084 13 0.26

Reupholstery and Furniture Repair $29,082 16 0.50

Fine Arts Schools $28,907 71 1.10

Continuing Care Retirement Communities and Assisted Living Facilities for the Elderly $28,742 85 0.65

Food Service Contractors $28,582 110 0.87

Warehouse Clubs and Supercenters $28,576 29 0.91

Fruit and Vegetable Markets $28,469 7 0.19

Language Schools $28,290 6 0.73

Automotive Parts and Accessories Stores $28,227 179 1.56

Supermarkets and Other Grocery (except Convenience) Stores $28,160 296 0.87

Family Planning Centers $28,091 4 0.32

Rooming and Boarding Houses $27,902 7 0.26

Other Home Furnishings Stores $27,610 99 0.88

Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing $27,158 3 0.11

Curtain and Linen Mills $27,127 14 0.84

Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water $26,700 1 0.56

Wineries $26,650 4 0.24

Taxi Service $26,210 12 0.36


Formal Wear and Costume Rental $26,113 12 1.48

Dance Companies $25,674 3 0.74

Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated) $25,541 132 0.99

Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance $25,392 179 1.00

Other Clothing Stores $25,246 90 0.84

All Other General Merchandise Stores $25,122 272 0.59

Golf Courses and Country Clubs $24,913 45 0.58

Department Stores $24,807 112 1.15

Pet and Pet Supplies Stores $24,106 46 0.82

All Other Personal Services $23,699 66 0.74

Investigation, Guard, and Armored Car Services $23,440 97 0.99

Caterers $23,368 79 0.66

Fish and Seafood Markets $23,304 3 0.31

Amusement and Theme Parks $23,244 2 0.10

Gasoline Stations with Convenience Stores $22,968 807 0.91

Historical Sites $22,506 6 0.82

Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities $22,435 145 0.51

Other Personal Care Services $22,298 93 1.11

Sporting Goods Stores $22,118 133 1.44

Convenience Stores $22,079 104 0.36

Book Stores and News Dealers $22,065 40 0.96

Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services $22,051 83 1.01

Janitorial Services $22,039 343 0.82

Child Day Care Services $21,779 394 0.97

Parking Lots and Garages $21,660 20 1.74

RV (Recreational Vehicle) Parks and Recreational Camps $21,563 15 0.31

Private Households $21,495 1,768 1.17

Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers $21,479 170 0.57

Support Activities for Crop Production $21,280 12 0.23

Florists $21,195 87 0.91

Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) $21,158 148 0.68

Other Traveler Accommodation $21,133 8 0.47

Cosmetics, Beauty Supplies, and Perfume Stores $21,067 86 0.88

All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries $21,025 79 0.62

Gift, Novelty, and Souvenir Stores $20,864 115 0.91

Shoe Stores $20,542 119 0.81

Hobby, Toy, and Game Stores $20,245 70 0.80

School and Employee Bus Transportation $19,997 22 0.18

Religious Organizations $19,959 37 1.34

Used Merchandise Stores $19,562 141 1.74

Clothing Accessories Stores $18,811 34 0.99

Restaurants and Other Eating Places $18,772 3,139 1.09

Amusement Arcades $17,678 13 0.28

Women's Clothing Stores $17,099 137 1.14

Sports and Recreation Instruction $16,914 85 1.01

Livestock Merchant Wholesalers $16,683 13 1.04

Civic and Social Organizations $16,638 122 1.42

Mobile Food Services $16,543 11 0.28

Bowling Centers $15,756 19 1.13

Family Clothing Stores $15,745 133 0.91

Other Specialty Food Stores $15,424 58 0.64

Sewing, Needlework, and Piece Goods Stores $15,420 25 1.45

Children's and Infants' Clothing Stores $15,016 43 0.76

Motion Picture and Video Exhibition $13,100 23 0.75


Total $57,779 46,156

Source: EMSI, 2015

*Industries with insufficient data were removed from

chart


Appendix: Occupational Effects, Joint Metro Region Description Nat'l Growth Effect Expected Change Competitive Effect

Military occupations 2,103 (97) 256

Retail Salespersons 1,745 1,557 404

Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 1,432 1,399 (155)

Cashiers 1,187 497 55

Office Clerks, General 1,184 722 236

Waiters and Waitresses 1,170 955 (186)

Customer Service Representatives 1,155 1,353 295

Registered Nurses 1,134 1,673 (57)

Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food 1,055 1,504 (63)

Team Assemblers 974 290 165

Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 972 249 (94)

Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 922 1,024 153

Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 909 1,004 (130)

General and Operations Managers 893 951 18

Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 747 898 (104)

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 717 745 142

Accountants and Auditors 684 800 349

First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 661 713 67

Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 577 505 20

Cooks, Restaurant 523 786 (81)

Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education 510 639 60

First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 490 462 31

Nursing Assistants 487 727 44

Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 435 54 (30)

Receptionists and Information Clerks 422 431 87

Security Guards 409 544 284

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products 409 404 206

Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 405 522 (104)

Personal Care Aides 393 1,123 63

Childcare Workers 380 520 5

Postsecondary Teachers 378 538 164

Food Preparation Workers 374 238 (42)

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 368 659 (140)

Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 367 280 40

Teacher Assistants 351 322 184

First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 337 464 (23)

Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 324 432 133

Construction Laborers 323 499 28

Insurance Sales Agents 322 338 (19)

Cooks, Fast Food 320 164 (139)

Financial Managers 319 290 (24)

Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 309 399 146

Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 308 173 78

Medical Assistants 306 588 31

Bill and Account Collectors 291 368 87

Business Operations Specialists, All Other 289 241 74

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 285 10 (44)

Home Health Aides 285 847 (68)

Packers and Packagers, Hand 284 190 (22)

Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 281 98 24

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 273 312 (22)


Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 256 218 93

First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 243 10 (88)

Billing and Posting Clerks 239 335 51

Computer Systems Analysts 238 485 (46)

Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers 232 142 132

Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education 230 310 50

Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 225 139 (100)

Pharmacy Technicians 222 351 38

Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education 220 276 35

Computer User Support Specialists 214 365 12

Tellers 211 78 (11)

Substitute Teachers 201 159 52

Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop 198 169 (45)

First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 196 148 37

Management Analysts 193 284 53

Dishwashers 184 156 (7)

Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 181 102 (13)

Chief Executives 179 117 (37)

Electricians 178 229 45

Sales Managers 177 155 (2)

Medical and Health Services Managers 173 285 (46)

Administrative Services Managers 173 188 (20)

Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 172 429 13

Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 171 203 13

Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 170 53 (51)

Counter and Rental Clerks 169 116 32

Correctional Officers and Jailers 164 101 53

First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 160 248 37

Bus Drivers, School or Special Client 159 132 25

Helpers--Production Workers 157 72 (11)

Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 157 87 (42)

Production Workers, All Other 154 99 (165)

Lawyers 154 146 (15)

Food Service Managers 153 114 (55)

Software Developers, Applications 152 306 9

Musicians and Singers 150 131 (74)

Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 150 248 35

Pharmacists 150 186 49

Network and Computer Systems Administrators 148 166 (6)

Human Resources Specialists 147 117 46

Dental Assistants 147 207 19

Carpenters 145 195 87

Computer and Information Systems Managers 144 206 (36)

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 140 292 (42)

Bartenders 139 155 48

Machinists 137 130 (46)

Industrial Machinery Mechanics 136 225 (60)

Computer Programmers 136 128 (61)

Driver/Sales Workers 130 129 (32)

Paralegals and Legal Assistants 129 185 (65)

Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 129 (74) (77)

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 128 206 116

Physicians and Surgeons, All Other 125 184 45

Teachers and Instructors, All Other 125 157 15


Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop 123 46 21

Clergy 123 130 (1)

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 123 219 76

Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 122 86 87

Industrial Engineers 121 66 (48)

Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 117 105 12

Parts Salespersons 116 85 104

Child, Family, and School Social Workers 115 149 1

First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 114 100 20

Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 113 (13) (64)

Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan 112 106 (13)

Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks 111 115 (35)

Managers, All Other 111 72 33

Medical Secretaries 110 267 163

Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers 108 105 18

Loan Officers 106 79 66

Construction Managers 106 158 (6)

Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists 106 109 54

Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 105 92 26

Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 105 72 203

First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand 104 96 (14)

Telemarketers 104 97 114

Training and Development Specialists 102 144 12

Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks 100 82 9

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 100 160 (10)

Compliance Officers 100 70 3

Radiologic Technologists 98 147 1

Recreation Workers 97 118 42

Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 96 90 (3)

Postal Service Mail Carriers 96 (155) 164

Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 94 22 1

Self-Enrichment Education Teachers 94 157 50

Firefighters 93 61 71

Data Entry Keyers 93 (144) 16

Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School 91 72 6

Fitness Trainers and Aerobics Instructors 89 101 (35)

First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators 89 78 (3)

Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 88 93 20

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists 86 94 6

Physical Therapists 86 212 (21)

Nurse Practitioners 86 202 (23)

Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 86 110 16

Order Clerks 86 9 (25)

Food Servers, Nonrestaurant 86 129 16

Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers 85 45 (52)

Financial Analysts 85 126 7

Printing Press Operators 85 (83) (304)

Cooks, Short Order 84 30 (17)

Educational, Guidance, School, and Vocational Counselors 84 88 15

Sheet Metal Workers 83 95 (1)

Marketing Managers 81 103 (6)

Dental Hygienists 79 153 25

Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and Elementary School 78 58 13

Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 77 39 36


Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education 76 98 1

Information and Record Clerks, All Other 76 (10) (12)

Cost Estimators 76 120 19

Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 75 85 12

Social and Human Service Assistants 75 120 66

Civil Engineers 74 120 20

Parking Lot Attendants 72 55 (5)

Computer Network Support Specialists 71 50 1

Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity 70 65 30

Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 70 67 (5)

Directors, Religious Activities and Education 69 68 3

Coaches and Scouts 68 100 24

Amusement and Recreation Attendants 67 75 22

Phlebotomists 67 126 (4)

Industrial Production Managers 67 (2) (24)

Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs 67 66 26

Painters, Construction and Maintenance 66 79 (13)

Software Developers, Systems Software 66 121 27

Automotive Body and Related Repairers 66 66 55

Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 66 50 0

Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other 64 74 (23)

Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other 63 44 47

Public Relations Specialists 63 72 17

Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 63 (48) (23)

Healthcare Social Workers 63 121 (16)

Tool and Die Makers 63 (8) 0

Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse 62 16 (1)

Graphic Designers 62 39 (25)

Nonfarm Animal Caretakers 62 90 12

Food Batchmakers 61 15 (66)

Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 61 72 (21)

Loan Interviewers and Clerks 61 48 49

Court, Municipal, and License Clerks 61 57 24

Mechanical Engineers 60 40 33

Surgical Technologists 58 123 (13)

Social and Community Service Managers 57 99 (8)

Human Resources Managers 57 77 1

Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other 57 78 (28)

Mental Health Counselors 57 103 (31)

Advertising Sales Agents 57 (1) 44

Education Administrators, Postsecondary 56 75 (1)

Residential Advisors 55 87 (35)

Insurance Underwriters 55 (16) 7

Librarians 55 42 14

Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants 54 67 (16)

Respiratory Therapists 54 78 4

Audio and Video Equipment Technicians 54 78 (39)

Nurse Anesthetists 54 96 (27)

First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers 52 64 (5)

Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service 52 (37) 14

Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 52 48 8

Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 52 15 8

First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers 51 70 12

Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 51 48 (1)


Butchers and Meat Cutters 50 35 18

Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other 50 48 (25)

Real Estate Sales Agents 50 41 2

Computer Occupations, All Other 50 36 6

Architectural and Engineering Managers 49 41 12

Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School 49 35 (1)

Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers 49 38 26

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other 48 44 11

Chefs and Head Cooks 48 35 (6)

Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 48 54 19

Instructional Coordinators 48 61 15

Pest Control Workers 47 85 3

Engineers, All Other 47 28 0

File Clerks 47 (1) 22

Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic 46 59 (27)

Computer Operators 46 (37) (2)

Sewing Machine Operators 46 (105) (215)

Sales and Related Workers, All Other 46 60 (7)

Special Education Teachers, All Other 45 39 (10)

Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers 45 43 (0)

Tax Preparers 45 37 48

Roofers 44 65 55

Tire Repairers and Changers 44 39 67

Financial Specialists, All Other 44 32 17

Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 44 (4) (22)

Highway Maintenance Workers 43 23 28

Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers 43 22 69

Personal Financial Advisors 42 97 9

Education Administrators, All Other 42 47 (22)

Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists 42 6 11

Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters 42 29 12

Music Directors and Composers 41 31 (10)

Logisticians 41 81 9

Taxi Drivers and Chauffeurs 41 68 10

Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service 41 (20) 16

Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 41 (42) (37)

Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 41 29 19

Couriers and Messengers 41 (9) 3

Producers and Directors 40 33 (30)

Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 40 4 (23)

Maintenance Workers, Machinery 40 36 (19)

Legal Secretaries 40 (2) (3)

Speech-Language Pathologists 40 69 12

Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 40 61 (31)

Library Assistants, Clerical 39 51 14

Procurement Clerks 39 21 (10)

Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers 38 22 35

Database Administrators 38 52 5

Family and General Practitioners 38 42 29

Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers 37 43 5

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 37 59 1

Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators 37 (73) 67

Web Developers 37 69 (4)

First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives 36 18 21


Operations Research Analysts 35 73 (2)

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 35 15 1

Bakers 35 27 (2)

Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders 35 (10) (40)

Purchasing Managers 35 18 (2)

Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators 34 26 19

Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 34 (30) (59)

Machine Feeders and Offbearers 34 6 (10)

Psychiatric Technicians 34 16 (18)

Occupational Therapists 34 70 9

First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers 34 44 17

Computer Network Architects 33 43 16

Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors 33 42 17

Helpers--Electricians 33 69 (3)

Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 33 45 36

Detectives and Criminal Investigators 33 18 8

Electrical Engineers 32 27 3

Conveyor Operators and Tenders 32 13 (16)

Special Education Teachers, Secondary School 32 20 14

Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 31 23 5

Religious Workers, All Other 31 30 2

Architects, Except Landscape and Naval 31 33 (20)

Architectural and Civil Drafters 31 (3) (11)

Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping 30 32 3

Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 30 37 (3)

Editors 30 (4) 16

Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing 29 (9) (54)

Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 28 18 1

Library Technicians 28 26 8

Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes 28 46 (9)

Health Educators 28 40 (1)

Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 28 (18) (30)

Physical Therapist Assistants 28 77 (5)

Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 28 (9) (47)

Veterinary Technologists and Technicians 28 67 30

Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners 27 71 4

Construction and Building Inspectors 27 27 13

Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 27 38 8

Education Administrators, Preschool and Childcare Center/Program 27 37 10

Medical Equipment Repairers 27 70 10

Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 27 (23) 1

Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other 27 35 10

Sailors and Marine Oilers 27 35 22

Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers 27 43 19

Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists 27 33 2

First-Line Supervisors of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers 27 17 15

Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 27 11 20

Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks 26 2 4

Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels 26 36 23

Chemical Technicians 26 25 3

Pharmacy Aides 26 27 10

Information Security Analysts 26 72 0

Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders 26 8 (8)

Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 26 46 9


Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters 26 (17) (71)

Veterinarians 25 37 13

Mechanical Engineering Technicians 25 17 (5)

Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks 25 (13) 35

First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 25 28 11

Credit Analysts 25 25 7

Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators 25 28 (4)

Dietitians and Nutritionists 25 43 6

Legislators 25 14 15

Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment 24 13 5

Tour Guides and Escorts 24 26 3

Adult Basic and Secondary Education and Literacy Teachers and Instructors 24 24 11

Crossing Guards 24 10 16

Engine and Other Machine Assemblers 24 4 (1)

Surveying and Mapping Technicians 24 25 (1)

Physician Assistants 23 60 27

Material Moving Workers, All Other 23 19 (0)

Budget Analysts 23 17 6

Rehabilitation Counselors 23 32 18

Pipelayers 23 29 (15)

Education, Training, and Library Workers, All Other 23 19 12

Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers 23 28 6

Lodging Managers 23 20 (11)

Massage Therapists 23 60 36

Transportation Workers, All Other 22 18 1

Advertising and Promotions Managers 22 16 (4)

Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood 22 3 (28)

Civil Engineering Technicians 22 7 4

Demonstrators and Product Promoters 21 33 23

Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 21 13 5

Healthcare Support Workers, All Other 21 26 9

Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health 21 36 (2)

Industrial Engineering Technicians 21 1 (9)

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 21 20 3

Radio and Television Announcers 21 (3) 26

Fundraisers 21 33 (8)

Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics 20 15 13

Diagnostic Medical Sonographers 20 62 10

Travel Agents 20 (27) (87)

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 20 41 22

Sales Engineers 20 21 7

Postal Service Clerks 20 (41) 33

Training and Development Managers 20 23 (1)

Orderlies 20 26 2

Helpers--Roofers 20 34 6

Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other 20 21 6

Glaziers 20 17 17

Interior Designers 20 20 (14)

Special Education Teachers, Middle School 19 13 12

Film and Video Editors 19 14 (36)

Opticians, Dispensing 19 34 0

Physical Therapist Aides 19 52 1

Meter Readers, Utilities 19 (19) 2

Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents 19 1 7


Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 19 (8) (26)

Social Workers, All Other 19 16 1

Office Machine Operators, Except Computer 18 (9) 25

Photographers 18 1 (34)

Sound Engineering Technicians 18 6 (20)

Psychiatric Aides 18 12 1

Prepress Technicians and Workers 18 (29) (52)

Brickmasons and Blockmasons 18 27 93

Protective Service Workers, All Other 18 18 15

Environmental Engineering Technicians 18 30 (9)

Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 18 (13) (8)

Print Binding and Finishing Workers 18 (21) (64)

Medical Transcriptionists 18 12 32

Legal Support Workers, All Other 18 9 (1)

Biological Technicians 17 20 7

Dentists, General 17 25 28

Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers 17 10 33

Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators 17 2 (8)

Brokerage Clerks 17 5 (4)

Painters, Transportation Equipment 17 14 56

Personal Care and Service Workers, All Other 17 18 4

Transportation Security Screeners 17 17 (7)

Writers and Authors 17 14 2

Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other 17 20 (25)

Interpreters and Translators 17 57 7

New Accounts Clerks 16 0 (2)

Environmental Engineers 16 23 3

Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators 16 17 (6)

Social Science Research Assistants 16 25 (14)

Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other 16 30 31

First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers 16 9 5

Mechanical Drafters 16 (1) 8

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists 16 26 3

Plasterers and Stucco Masons 16 (17) 42

Statisticians 16 34 (4)

Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians 16 11 (24)

Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates 15 5 6

Tree Trimmers and Pruners 15 30 12

Computer Hardware Engineers 15 14 (7)

Community Health Workers 14 25 5

Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers 14 (6) 57

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 14 31 8

Transportation Attendants, Except Flight Attendants 14 16 2

Tile and Marble Setters 14 16 11

Marriage and Family Therapists 14 24 (7)

Cooks, All Other 14 15 4

Food Processing Workers, All Other 14 14 0

Actuaries 14 27 (1)

Home Appliance Repairers 14 4 23

Cargo and Freight Agents 14 17 36

Baggage Porters and Bellhops 14 14 (1)

Concierges 14 26 (2)

Structural Iron and Steel Workers 14 15 18

Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 14 7 (1)


Chemists 14 10 12

Funeral Attendants 14 2 (12)

Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 13 6 2

Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors 13 12 (5)

Reporters and Correspondents 13 (20) (10)

Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 13 (8) (11)

Media and Communication Workers, All Other 13 12 (12)

Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers 13 (1) (51)

Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders 13 (1) (10)

Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other 13 6 (5)

Floral Designers 12 (20) (15)

Internists, General 12 13 11

Skincare Specialists 12 39 7

Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 12 7 8

Surveyors 12 9 (2)

Media and Communication Equipment Workers, All Other 12 4 (15)

Natural Sciences Managers 12 10 1

Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers 12 0 (16)

Dietetic Technicians 12 18 0

Pediatricians, General 12 13 6

Financial Examiners 12 8 (0)

Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers 12 10 0

Ophthalmic Medical Technicians 11 22 7

Computer and Information Research Scientists 11 16 (4)

Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers 11 (4) (5)

Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Directors 11 9 (11)

Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment 11 5 6

Word Processors and Typists 11 (18) 17

Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians 11 13 (3)

Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials 11 (3) (9)

Broadcast Technicians 11 5 5

Electrical and Electronics Drafters 11 12 (0)

Manicurists and Pedicurists 11 17 14

Real Estate Brokers 11 9 1

Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 11 (9) 0

Technical Writers 11 15 6

Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers 11 2 1

Compensation and Benefits Managers 10 6 (0)

Millwrights 10 12 17

Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators 10 (5) 35

Counselors, All Other 10 14 1

Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall 10 9 21

Athletic Trainers 10 16 (2)

Electronic Home Entertainment Equipment Installers and Repairers 10 2 23

Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons 10 2 2

Bailiffs 10 5 3

Set and Exhibit Designers 10 10 (13)

Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers 10 1 (4)

Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic 10 3 (2)

Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners 10 19 6

Financial Clerks, All Other 10 9 8

Ship Engineers 10 11 1

Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay 10 6 (3)

Commercial Pilots 10 13 14


Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters 9 2 (2)

Crane and Tower Operators 9 12 10

Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 9 10 12

Medical Equipment Preparers 9 13 13

Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers 9 (1) (9)

Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 9 2 (12)

Traffic Technicians 9 9 (2)

Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Motion Picture 9 9 (11)

Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic 9 2 2

Optometrists 9 17 3

Nuclear Medicine Technologists 9 13 1

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 9 11 (3)

Dental Laboratory Technicians 9 6 (5)

Anesthesiologists 9 17 9

Plant and System Operators, All Other 9 4 (4)

Urban and Regional Planners 9 8 7

Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 8 (4) (11)

Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 8 (40) 57

Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 8 (11) (6)

Locomotive Engineers 8 2 (2)

Private Detectives and Investigators 8 13 7

Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters 8 14 39

Tire Builders 8 (7) (54)

Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders 8 (4) (5)

Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers 8 2 (1)

Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 8 2 7

Helpers--Carpenters 8 10 4

Agricultural and Food Science Technicians 8 7 (1)

Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products 8 3 2

Insulation Workers, Mechanical 8 23 22

Commercial and Industrial Designers 8 4 4

Biological Scientists, All Other 8 4 0

Statistical Assistants 8 9 1

Locksmiths and Safe Repairers 8 12 7

Upholsterers 8 (2) (3)

Agricultural Inspectors 8 3 (1)

Labor Relations Specialists 8 1 4

Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal and Plastic 7 15 (7)

Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials 7 5 1

Biomedical Engineers 7 17 (9)

Recreational Therapists 7 7 (0)

Athletes and Sports Competitors 7 7 (1)

Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand 7 (1) 12

Forensic Science Technicians 7 5 2

Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 7 (17) 7

Occupational Therapy Assistants 7 21 8

Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers 7 (1) (5)

Art Directors 7 5 2

Chiropractors 7 13 3

Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists 7 9 26

Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders 7 3 3

Agricultural Equipment Operators 7 5 (0)

Mechanical Door Repairers 7 12 6

Credit Counselors 7 12 4


Helpers--Extraction Workers 7 12 (15)

Slaughterers and Meat Packers 7 2 16

Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers 7 (8) 3

Biochemists and Biophysicists 7 12 3

Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders 6 (4) (9)

Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other 6 7 2

Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 6 (4) (4)

Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairs 6 5 6

Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 6 0 9

Chemical Plant and System Operators 6 (2) (2)

Chemical Engineers 6 5 1

Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 6 3 (1)

Craft Artists 6 4 (0)

Dancers 6 6 (2)

Nuclear Technicians 6 9 (7)

Building Cleaning Workers, All Other 6 10 (5)

Construction and Related Workers, All Other 6 6 7

Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 6 (15) (22)

Public Address System and Other Announcers 6 5 (1)

Occupational Health and Safety Technicians 6 7 0

Animal Control Workers 6 5 2

Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other 6 4 0

Microbiologists 6 6 (0)

Special Education Teachers, Preschool 6 8 4

Choreographers 6 15 (3)

Air Traffic Controllers 6 4 (0)

Materials Engineers 6 4 (1)

Obstetricians and Gynecologists 6 7 6

Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other 5 6 12

Multimedia Artists and Animators 5 8 0

Transportation Inspectors 5 6 2

Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers 5 7 (11)

Fish and Game Wardens 5 2 1

Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators 5 2 (2)

Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other 5 8 4

Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas 5 8 (7)

Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers 5 2 1

Carpet Installers 5 4 5

Surgeons 5 9 17

Physicists 5 5 1

Nuclear Engineers 5 3 0

Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 5 2 6

Forest and Conservation Workers 5 3 0

Radiation Therapists 5 8 3

Electro-Mechanical Technicians 5 4 (5)

Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders 5 2 (4)

Survey Researchers 5 8 4

Logging Equipment Operators 5 1 (0)

Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders 5 (13) (3)

Cutters and Trimmers, Hand 5 (7) (9)

First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers 5 2 1

Epidemiologists 5 4 (1)

Audiologists 5 13 1

Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers 5 5 7


Fence Erectors 5 9 3

Motorcycle Mechanics 5 3 (8)

Conservation Scientists 5 3 1

Postmasters and Mail Superintendents 5 (6) 7

Bicycle Repairers 5 10 10

Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 5 (4) 4

Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage 4 (1) 0

Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners 4 2 (2)

Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 4 7 3

Desktop Publishers 4 (3) (1)

Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers 4 4 8

Psychiatrists 4 5 7

Farm and Home Management Advisors 4 3 4

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators 4 4 2

Podiatrists 4 7 6

Funeral Service Managers 4 4 (6)

Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators 4 3 0

Cartographers and Photogrammetrists 4 7 0

Actors 4 4 24

Physical Scientists, All Other 4 3 3

Elevator Installers and Repairers 4 7 22

Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders 4 (15) (17)

Textile, Apparel, and Furnishings Workers, All Other 4 (2) (4)

Emergency Management Directors 4 3 2

Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles 4 0 19

Fire Inspectors and Investigators 4 3 2

Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors 4 2 (1)

Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, All Other 4 2 2

Judicial Law Clerks 4 2 2

Woodworkers, All Other 4 0 (3)

Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers, All Other 4 3 (1)

Boilermakers 4 2 3

Food Scientists and Technologists 4 5 1

Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders 4 2 (4)

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 4 6 (0)

Fashion Designers 4 1 (2)

Landscape Architects 3 3 2

Rail Car Repairers 3 1 (2)

Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation 3 4 6

Power Plant Operators 3 (1) 4

Parking Enforcement Workers 3 1 3

Curators 3 4 0

Pourers and Casters, Metal 3 (3) 1

Tapers 3 (1) 11

Aerospace Engineers 3 3 16

Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters 3 4 (3)

Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles 3 4 2

Avionics Technicians 3 2 6

Forest and Conservation Technicians 3 1 3

Flight Attendants 3 1 3

Proofreaders and Copy Markers 3 0 2

Therapists, All Other 3 6 1

Psychologists, All Other 3 4 (1)

Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians 3 7 11


Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians 3 2 1

Designers, All Other 3 3 (1)

Power Distributors and Dispatchers 3 1 (1)

Broadcast News Analysts 3 (1) 1

Riggers 3 5 3

Gaming Dealers 3 3 7

Stonemasons 3 5 11

Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products 3 2 1

Foresters 3 3 2

Medical Appliance Technicians 3 3 1

Museum Technicians and Conservators 3 3 1

Exercise Physiologists 3 3 (0)

Foundry Mold and Coremakers 2 (2) 0

Floor Sanders and Finishers 2 3 0

Gas Plant Operators 2 0 (1)

Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians 2 1 0

Drafters, All Other 2 2 3

Audio-Visual and Multimedia Collections Specialists 2 1 1

Artists and Related Workers, All Other 2 1 1

Animal Trainers 2 3 1

Orthotists and Prosthetists 2 6 1

Agricultural Workers, All Other 2 1 1

Barbers 2 3 2

Hearing Aid Specialists 2 4 (1)

Mining Machine Operators, All Other 2 2 (2)

Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School 2 1 2

Etchers and Engravers 2 0 (2)

Court Reporters 2 2 10

Subway and Streetcar Operators 2 1 2

Soil and Plant Scientists 2 2 2

Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners 2 0 (1)

Geological and Petroleum Technicians 2 3 (0)

Furniture Finishers 2 (1) (2)

Model Makers, Metal and Plastic 2 1 (1)

Sewers, Hand 2 (2) (5)

Occupational Therapy Aides 2 5 4

Gaming and Sports Book Writers and Runners 2 2 1

Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants 2 2 2

Signal and Track Switch Repairers 2 1 (0)

Correspondence Clerks 2 2 1

Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators 2 2 1

Economists 2 3 5

Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists 2 2 3

Shampooers 2 1 3

Rock Splitters, Quarry 2 2 (2)

Orthodontists 2 3 1

Motorboat Operators 2 2 0

Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers 2 (1) (4)

Solar Photovoltaic Installers 2 4 1

Commercial Divers 2 4 (1)

Dentists, All Other Specialists 2 2 0

Transit and Railroad Police 2 1 1

Costume Attendants 1 1 (1)

Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers 1 0 1


Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators 1 1 (0)

Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance 1 1 (2)

Archivists 1 2 0

Continuous Mining Machine Operators 1 1 1

Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons 1 0 1

Terrazzo Workers and Finishers 1 2 1

Life Scientists, All Other 1 1 1

Telephone Operators 1 (1) 3

Embalmers 1 (2) (1)

Motion Picture Projectionists 1 (2) 3

Materials Scientists 1 1 0

Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers 1 (2) (0)

Nuclear Power Reactor Operators 1 1 (0)

Petroleum Engineers 1 3 2

Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers 1 (2) (3)

Atmospheric and Space Scientists 1 1 2

Roustabouts, Oil and Gas 1 2 (1)

Gaming Change Persons and Booth Cashiers 1 0 3

Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers 1 2 1

Genetic Counselors 1 3 (0)

Nurse Midwives 1 2 2

Gaming Supervisors 1 1 2

Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders 1 1 2

Marine Engineers and Naval Architects 1 1 1

Bridge and Lock Tenders 1 0 0

Watch Repairers 1 1 0

Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers 1 1 0

Models 1 1 (1)

Gaming Managers 1 1 1

Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers 1 (1) 2

Rail Transportation Workers, All Other 1 1 (0)

Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, and Mining 1 2 (1)

Airfield Operations Specialists 1 1 1

Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers 1 0 (0)

Anthropologists and Archeologists 1 2 1

Paperhangers 1 0 1

Extraction Workers, All Other 1 1 (1)

Hydrologists 1 1 2

Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters 1 1 1

Radio Operators 1 0 0

Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians 1 1 3

Model Makers, Wood 1 0 (2)

Cooks, Private Household 1 1 0

Semiconductor Processors 1 (1) 2

Hoist and Winch Operators 1 1 (1)

Travel Guides 1 1 3

Patternmakers, Wood 1 0 (2)

Segmental Pavers 1 2 (0)

Political Scientists 1 1 1

Mathematicians 1 2 0

Gaming Surveillance Officers and Gaming Investigators 1 1 1

Animal Scientists 1 1 0

Gaming Service Workers, All Other 1 1 2

Historians 1 1 1


Communications Equipment Operators, All Other 1 1 0

Total 57,482 54,665 4,406

Source: EMSI, 2105 *Industries with insufficient data were

removed from chart


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In cooperation with:

Middle Tennessee Workforce Investment Board

North Tennessee Workforce Board

South Central Tennessee Workforce Board

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