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Project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund Project cofinancé par le Fonds européen de développement régional 1G-MED08-515 Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility enhancement in Mediterranean River Basins May 2012 Strategic Water Management Plan in Serchio River Basin, Province of Lucca

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Project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund

Project cofinancé par le Fonds européen de développement régional

1G-MED08-515

“Sustainable Water Management

through Common Responsibility enhancement

in Mediterranean River Basins”

May 2012

Strategic Water Management Plan in Serchio River Basin, Province of Lucca

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2. WORK METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 2

2. SYSTEM INDICATORS ............................................................................................................................... 4

2.1. DESCRIPTION OF INDICATORS USED .................................................................................................... 4 2.2 TABLE OF INDICATORS USED ................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 TERRITORIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS......................................................................... 11 2.4 SOCIAL INDICATORS .................................................................................................................................. 14 2.5 ECONOMIC INDICATOR .............................................................................................................................. 15

3. SWOT ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................... 17

3.1 SWOT METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 INPUTS ............................................................................................................................................................ 17 3.3 DEVELOPING STRATEGY WITH THE HELP OF A SWOT ANALYSIS ............................................. 18 3.4. SWOT MATRIX FOR SERCHIO RIVER BASIN ...................................................................................... 19 3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR SECTION OF PILOT BASIN ............................................................................ 21 3.6 STRATEGIS FOR SERCHIO RIVER BASINS IN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................... 25

4. PROPOSED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 26

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MED Programme 2007-2013 phase 3.4 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

The present study was conducted in the framework of the 1G-MED08-515 WATERinCORE project for the “Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility enhancement in Mediterranean River Basins”.

The WATERinCORE project is implemented under the transnational programme of European territorial cooperation MED (http://www.programmemed.eu), Priority Axe 2: Environmental protection and promotion of a sustainable territorial development, Objective 2.1: Protection and enhancement of natural resources and cultural heritage.

The project aims at the design, application and dissemination of a methodological frame for the integration of Local Agenda 21 principles in Water Resources Management in Mediterranean River Basins.

It focuses on the identification of the water management practices and policies as well as of the actual state of Local Agenda application in the participants regions. Considering these and additionally the specific characteristics of the regions a public participation process will be designed and implemented at selected pilot river basins in order to motivate and actively involve the local key actors/stakeholders in the development and application of local actions in water management.

During the Comp 3 “Water Management (WM) in the participants’ regions–Pilot river basins” was made an analysis of water status in participant regions, legal framework, water infrastructures, water pricing policies and administrative schemes – bodies .

Based on the results of WM analysis, each partner has compiled a list of indices and criteria (phase 3.4) for the monitoring of sustainable water management. The Water Management List of indices was used for the creation of a common database on water management as an interactive tool between participant regions.

The next step on WM was the evaluation of current status on water management and registration of water management strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats on a Swot matrix per pilot basin. The next step was the development of a strategic water management plan per pilot basin .

The plan was be the result of the negotiation tables during the phase 5.1, the proposals of local actors was take in consideration to developing the water action plan of phase 5.4.

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1.2. WORK METHODOLOGY

The Strategic Plan presented in this deliverable is the result of the preliminary and initial phases of the PP process implemented by the province of Lucca in section of the pilot basin

Due to the complex of Water Management and very high number of water management authorities (62) in the Serchio River Basin, the PP process was tested in a section of the pilot basin, in the medium course between Barga and Lucca municipalities.

In the section selected the river run for 30 kilometres and a 100 square kilometres of river areas are present and 7 municipalities are involved.

Preliminary to development this Strategic Plan was carried out the Analysis of a system of indicators to monitor, evaluate and report on the current situation regarding water resources management.

In chapters 2.1 and 2.2 are essential indicators produced for the entire basin during the pilot phase of 3.4 and used to construct a general framework to use in WM comparison

In chapters 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 are presented the indicators used in the Preliminary Report provided to stakeholders for the implementation participatory SWOT analysis and it was presented during the first plenary session of PP process (presentation of the Project, PP procedure was explain, local context and environment described by indicators).

From the results obtained from the indicators described in chapters 2.1 and 2.2, we have been identified the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the pilot basin and create a SWOT matrix. The SWOT matrix shows the situation of water resources, its present capabilities. These are the strategies contained in the Water Management Plan of Serchio River District. The SWOT MATRIX is contained in chapter 3.4 and the Strategies for Serchio river is contained in chapter 3.6.

During the First Session Thematic Tables of PP process, “the current status of the territory” was presented and the participatory SWOT Analysis – “Problems and Opportunities (Strengths-Weaknesses)” was made, the results for study area are illustrated in chapter 3.5. The SWOT analysis is used as carrier choices by helping to rationalize decision making

From SWOT analysis and indicators, we developed a Strategic Plan (chapter 4) which attempts to give answers to problems identified, taking into account both the opportunities and risks existing.

Thus, the Strategic Plan will include a package of priority actions and integrated environmental policies to overcome all the deficiencies identified. Specifically, the document shall include:

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Strategic lines: from the combination of the short, medium and long term policies, based on SWOT analysis, derived the strategic lines. Take into account the sectorial plans of existing local development.

Action Programs: develop specific areas within each strategic line, so that carried out program.

Projects: projects to be undertaken within each action program will be the forecast of specific actions tailored to the actual needs and priorities of the pilot basin.

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2. SYSTEM INDICATORS

This phase corresponds to the previous work of analysis of existing information and the updating and incorporation of the necessary information in order to establish the balance in accordance with project requirements WATERinCORE.

Information was updated by consulting various sources of documentation. Each of the sources used are defined in the section "data source" of the file for each of the indicators.

2.1. DESCRIPTION OF INDICATORS USED

The indicators are defined within the database of indicators of the study area, follow the structure established by the Project Management WATERinCORE.

The following is a summary of the records of the indicators defined:

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2.2 TABLE OF INDICATORS USED

a) Country:Italy b) Region: Tuscany Region, Province of Lucca c) Name of Pilot River Basin: Serchio River basin d) Total Area of Pilot River Basin: 1565 km2 e) Total Population of Pilot River Basin: 373548 ab.

Indicator Type Sustainability Dimension

Purpose Description Value DPSIR Classification

Land use Water bodies Rangeland Forests Urban area Industrial area Agricultural area

Descriptive Environmental Providing information about land coverage and use

This indicator expresses the articulation of territory based on the category of use (water bodies, forests, agricultural, industrial, urban areas and grazing land) through data on extension, given in hectares and percentage, of land area of each category of use. It should be elaborated with GIS instruments starting from studies on land use or the Corinne Land Cover maps, with cartographic restitution of elaboration.

Square m (m2) , perc. (%)

Data on 2007: Artificial Surfaces, 193832166m

2, 10,80%

Agricultural areas, 340035589m2, 18,95%

Forest and semi-natural areas, 1221347744 m2,

68,05% Wetlands, 8462401 m

2, 0.47%

Water bodies , 31133073 m2, 1,73%

State

Population Density Descriptive Social

Providing information about the concentration of the human population in reference to space. It can be used as a partial indicator of human requirements and activities in an area.

Population density is the number of people per unit of area usually per square kilometer or mile. It can be calculated from population of the area divided by the surface it covers.

Number of population per square Kilometers of area (per Km

2)

238.69 ab./ Km2 (2001)

Driving Force

Plant communities zones Descriptive Environmental

Providing information about the plant species groups that are growing in the zone. Plant community zones affect the surface runoff and give information whether an irrigation area or a settlement is prone to flood risks. Moreover is a indirect indicator which gives information about climate conditions and the relief

This indicator expresses the type of climate that is suitable for a specific group of plant species. Describe the exact community zone that belongs each pilot river basin.

Dimensionless

Serchio River basin have an high environmental and climatic variability, for this reason there are 17 plant communities zone. The most representative plant communities zone is chestnut.

State

Elevation Descriptive Environmental The elevation of a specific area informs about the complete morphological view

This indicator expresses the peaks and dip of the relief on the Z-axis given in meters, from mean sea level (0m).

Meters (m)

Maximum elevation 2053 m Average elevation 717 m Minimum elevation -7.2 m

State

Slope Descriptive Environmental

Slope is one of the natural factors, decides soil characteristics, plant and animals, controlling the proportion of precipitation that is converted to runoff in a given landscape, and the time it takes for runoff to enter a stream.

Ratio of the altitude change to the horizontal distance between any two points on the line

(%) percentage

Average percentage: 26% State

Total Water Balance Performance Environmental-Developmental

The knowledge of the water balance is crucial parameter which is able to lead to the integrated exploitation of water resources and to detect water deficit or surplus.

The total water balance is expressed as: Changes in stock=Inputs-Outputs (over a specific period of time) The water Inputs are the sum of the precipitation that infiltrates and enriches the aquifer, the reused wastewater and the inputs of neighboring basins. The water Outputs are the sum of the consumption for irrigation, water supply, industrial and livestock consumption and the outputs to the neighboring basins.

m3/year deficit of surplus

LUCCA PLAIN 1987: surplus 12,600,000.00 m

3/year

1999: surplus 5,600,000.00 m3/year

MASSACIUCCOLI LAKE AND VERSILIA PLAIN 2007: deficit 32,000,000.00 m

3/year

State

Water table variation rate Performance Environmental Provides information about the availability of ground waters

This indicator expresses the mean level variation of the ground water per drilling or the general mean level variation, given in meters or in percentage.

Meters (m) or Percentage variation per year (%)

LUCCA PLAIN In general there is lowering of groundwater level that change among 0.5-1.0 meters and 2 meters.

MASSACIUCCOLI LAKE AND VERSILIA PLAIN Versilia Plain annual average: 0.15 m Massaciuccoli Lake annual average: 0.01 m

State

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Indicator Type Sustainability Dimension

Purpose Description Value DPSIR Classification

Mean annual precipitation Descriptive Environmental Providing information about the amount of water as input to the hydraulic cycle.

This indicator expresses the mean amount of precipitation given in millimeters in a year.

Millimeters (mm)

Over 1600 mm/year (Thornthwait classification) State

Runoff coefficient Performance Environmental RC is a parameter to evaluate the moisture recycling and the importance of land use practices in rainfall recycling

This indicator expresses the amount of water that runs off to the total amount of precipitation that the catchment has as input, given in percentage.

Percentage (%) No available data

State

Total Annual Water Consumption Performance Environmental-Developmental

Providing information the water consumed from ground and surface water per sector (water supply, irrigation, industry, livestock).

Total annual water use per sector (water supply, irrigation, industry, livestock).

Percentage (%) of the total consumption for each sector in 2008:

Domestic: 73,89% Domestic non-resident: 6,87% Public: 4,05% Commercial: 14,37% Other: 0,81%

Pressure

Water Exploitation Index (WEI) Performance Environmental-Developmental

Providing information whether the rate of abstractions in countries are sustainable over the long term.

WEI is defined as the mean annual total abstraction of fresh water divided by the long-term average freshwater resources. It describes how the total water abstraction puts pressure on water resources. Thus it identifies those countries having high abstraction in relation to their resources and therefore are prone to suffer problems of water stress. The long-term average freshwater resource is derived from the long-term average precipitation minus the long-term average evapotranspiration plus the long-term average inflow from neighbouring countries. The warning threshold for the water exploitation index which distinguishes a non-stressed from a stressed region is around 20 % (Raskin et al. 1997). Severe water stress can occur where the WEI exceeds 40%, indicating strong competition for water but not necessarily enough extraction to trigger frequent water crises.

Water exploitation index - WEI (%)

LUCCA PLAIN 1987: 75,81% 1999: 85,75%

MASSACIUCCOLI LAKE AND VERSILIA PLAIN 2007: 45%

Pressure

Water Discharge Descriptive Environmental A forecasting and management tool of risk events caused by floods in a specific repeat period.

This indicator expresses the maximum discharge that the hydrographic network of the catchment can produce, given in m3/sec.(proposed 50 years period of time)

Cubic meters per second (m3/sec)

Temporal coverage: 87 years Maximum water discharge: 2000 m3/sec Medium water discharge: 768.3 m3/sec

Impact

Sediment discharge Descriptive Environmental

PD expresses the aggravation rate of water discharge, with sediments and the bed and banks exposure rate to desertification. Increase of sediment discharge Increases the possibility of floods.

This indicator expresses the amount of sediments that is eroded from the banks and bed of the river from the maximum water discharge given in m

3/sec.

Cubic meters per second (m3/sec)

No available data Impact

Produced urban wastewaters Performance Environmental Urban Wastewaters a significant point source

Amount of Waste water from residential settlements and services which originates predominantly from the human metabolism and from household activities and run-off rain water

Cubic meters (m3/sec)

quantity of wastewater: 0,6 m3/sec Impact

Produced industrial wastewaters Performance Environmental Industrial Wastewaters a significant point source

Any waste water which is discharged from premises used for carrying on any trade or industry, including livestock, other than domestic waste water and run-off rain water.

Cubic meters (m3/sec)

Quantity industrial wastewaters : 2.63 m3/sec Impact

% Population served by W.W.T.P. Performance Environmental-Social-Developmental

The level of treatment before discharge and the sensitivity of the receiving waters determine the scale of impacts on aquatic ecosystems.

The percentage of population connected with WWTP. Percentage (%) of population served by WWTP

262,857 e.p. State

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Indicator Type Sustainability Dimension

Purpose Description Value DPSIR Classification

Industries with Treated Wastewater

Performance Environmental Gives information whether the industrial activity comprises significant point source pollution for surface and ground waters in the specific region.

Percentage of the amount of wastewater of industries located at the River basin, treated by using their own plants or by transferring then to other Wastewater Treatment Plants.

Percentage (%) of industrial wastewater treated.

100% (theory)

Driving Force-Impact

Reused wastewater Performance Environmental

Treated wastewater is becoming increasingly an important alternative water resource. Moreover wastewater effluence is a water source that covers the quality standards and its use reduces the natural water consumption.

Treated wastewater could be precious water recourse for the following purposes: Urban reuse—the irrigation of public parks, school yards, highway medians, and residential landscapes, as well as for fire protection and toilet flushing in commercial and industrial buildings. Agricultural reuse—irrigation of nonfood crops, such as fodder and fiber, commercial nurseries, and pasture lands. High-quality reclaimed water is used to irrigate food crops. Environmental reuse—creating artificial wetlands, enhancing natural wetlands, and sustaining stream flows. Industrial reuse—process or makeup water and cooling tower water.

Percentage (%) of waste water reused

No available data Response

Population served by water supply network

Performance Environmental-Social-Developmental

Information whether the potables needs of the population is covered by water networks

The number of population that is served by water supply network within the limits of the particular area

Population served (number). Number of users served by water supply network.

The users are the connections to public service, in this case at the water supply network.

2007: 165,988 users 2008: 156,470 users

State

Irrigation Area served by irrigation network

Performance Environmental- Developmental

Providing information about the integrated management of water resources for irrigation purposes

The surface of irrigated area served by irrigation network

Percentage of irrigated area served by irrigation networks

No available data

State

Ecological status of surface waters Performance Environmental-Developmental

The Directive 2000/60/EC gives specific criteria for the classification of the quality of surface water and groundwater. In particular, it defines: For surface water the ecological status of surface waters is an expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems; the chemical status of surface waters is the state achieved by a body of surface water in which concentrations of pollutants do not exceed the quality standards set by environmental legislation. The overall status of surface water is determined by the poorer of its ecological and chemical status. In the case of heavily modified or artificial water body instead of the ecological status should be considered the ecological potential, to be determined as a fraction of the ecological status. At the time of preparing the Water Management Plan have not been performed the monitoring required by Directive 2000/60/EC for the establishment of ecological and chemical status. Then the classification was performed with a judgment expert compared with the data available to the monitoring, with the aim of

For surface water categories, the ecological status classification for the water body shall be represented by the lower of the values for the biological and physico-chemical monitoring results for the relevant quality elements classified in High, Good, Moderate, Poor and Bad, according WFD.

Upper Serchio River: Good

Upper-medium Serchio River: Moderate

Medium-lower Serchio River: Moderate

Lower Serchio River: Moderate

Serchio coast: Moderate

Massaciuccoli Lake: Bad

State

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integrating the assessment with a greater number of parameters corresponding to the requirements of the Directive.

Indicator Type Sustainability Dimension

Purpose Description Value DPSIR Classification

Chemical Status of surface waters Performance Environmental-Developmental

The Directive 2000/60/EC gives specific criteria for the classification of the quality of surface water and groundwater. In particular, it defines: For surface water the ecological status of surface waters is an expression of the quality of the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems; the chemical status of surface waters is the state achieved by a body of surface water in which concentrations of pollutants do not exceed the quality standards set by environmental legislation. The overall status of surface water is determined by the poorer of its ecological and chemical status. In the case of heavily modified or artificial water body instead of the ecological status should be considered the ecological potential, to be determined as a fraction of the ecological status. At the time of preparing the Water Management Plan have not been performed the monitoring required by Directive 2000/60/EC for the establishment of ecological and chemical status. Then the classification was performed with a judgment expert compared with the data available to the monitoring, with the aim of integrating the assessment with a greater number of parameters corresponding to the requirements of the Directive.

Where a water body achieves compliance with all the environmental quality standards established in Annex IX, Article 16 of WFD and under other relevant Community legislation setting environmental quality standards it shall be recorded as achieving good chemical status. If not, the body shall be recorded as failing to achieve good chemical status, according WFD.

Upper Serchio River: Bad

Upper-medium Serchio River: Bad

Medium-lower Serchio River: Good

Lower Serchio River: Bad

Massaciuccoli Lake: Bad

State

Quantity of groundwaters Performance Environmental-Developmental

Providing information whether the availability of groundwater resources is not exceeded by the long-term annual average abstraction rate.

The parameter for the classification of quantitative status is Groundwater level regime.

Aquifer or Versilia and Apuana Coast: POOR Lower Valdarno and Pisa's coastal plain Aquifer: POOR Lower Valdarno and Pisa's coastal plain Aquifer (deep aquifer): POOR Lucca Plain Aquifer: GOOD Upper and Medium Serchio Valley Aquifer: GOOD Sandstone aquifer of North-east Tuscany, Appennini's Zone: GOOD Sandstone aquifer of North-east Tuscany, Oltreserchio Mountain Zone: GOOD Lima Valley Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD Alpi Apuane Non-Metamorphic Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD Alpi Apuane Metamorphic Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD S. Maria del Giudice and Monti Pisani Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD

State

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Indicator Type Sustainability Dimension

Purpose Description Value DPSIR Classification

Chemical Status of ground waters Performance Environmental-Developmental

The Directive 2000/60/EC gives specific criteria for the classification of the quality of surface water and groundwater. In particular, it defines: For groundwater: the quantity of groundwaters is an expression of the degree to which a body of groundwater is affected by direct and indirect abstractions; the chemical status of groundwaters is the chemical status of a body of groundwater in which the presence of harmful substances is considered within limits set by law. The overall status of groundwater is determined by the poorer of its quantitative status and chemical. At the time of preparing the Water Management Plan have not been performed the monitoring required by Directive 2000/60/EC for the establishment of ecological and chemical status. Then the classification was performed with a judgment expert compared with the data available to the monitoring, with the aim of integrating the assessment with a greater number of parameters corresponding to the requirements of the Directive.

The parameters for the classification of chemical status are Conductivity and Concentrations of pollutants

Aquifer or Versilia and Apuana Coast: POOR Lower Valdarno and Pisa's coastal plain Aquifer: POOR Lower Valdarno and Pisa's coastal plain Aquifer (deep aquifer): POOR Lucca Plain Aquifer: GOOD Upper and Medium Serchio Valley Aquifer: POOR Sandstone aquifer of North-east Tuscany, Appennini's Zone: GOOD Sandstone aquifer of North-east Tuscany, Oltreserchio Mountain Zone: GOOD Lima Valley Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD Alpi Apuane Non-Metamorphic Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD Alpi Apuane Metamorphic Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD S. Maria del Giudice and Monti Pisani Carbonate Aquifer: GOOD

State

Bathing Water Quality Performance Environmental Providing information about the coastal water quality assessing the presence or absence of pollution sources.

The indicator describes the changes over time in the quality of designated bathing waters (inland and marine) in EU Member States in terms of compliance with standards for microbiological parameters (total coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria) and physicochemical parameters (mineral oils, surface-active substances and phenols) introduced by the EU Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC).

Percentage of inland and marine water bathing waters complying with the mandatory standards and guide levels for microbiological and physicochemical parameters.

100% GOOD (class 1)

State

Water tariffs Performance Social-Developmental-Economical

Providing information about the integrated pricing policy adapted per water use.

A water tariff is a price assigned to water supplied by a public enterprise to its customers per use.

Currency/m3

per use

Civil use: 0.95-2.25 €/m3

Industry use: 2.4-2.75 €/m3

Agricultural/livestock use 2.4-3.6 €/m3

Response

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Indicator Type Sustainability Dimension

Purpose Description Value DPSIR Classification

Cost Recovery Performance Environmental-Developmental-Social-Economical

Providing information about the cost recovery of municipality water services (water supply, sewerage and irrigation)

Article 9.1 of the Directive refers to the total cost of water services requires detailed assessment of all components of total cost including: The financial cost which refers to investment costs, operating and maintenance works, management and administrative costs and other direct economic costs. The cost of natural resources represents the benefit loss due to limitation of available water resources to a greater extent than natural the refresh rate. The environmental costs represent the cost of the impact caused by the use of water environment and aquatic ecosystems.

Cost recovery rate per Municipality and service-Percentage (%)

DOMESTIC USE Current financial cost: TOTAL Financial costs for capital: PARTIAL Coast of natural resource: NULL Environment costs: PARTIAL

INDUSTRY Current financial cost: TOTAL Financial costs for capital: PARTIAL Coast of natural resource: NULL Environment costs: PARTIAL

AGRICOLTURE Current financial cost: TOTAL Financial costs for capital: NULL Coast of natural resource: NULL Environment costs: NULL

Response

Water Management Authorities Descriptive Environmental-Developmental-Social-Economical

Providing Information whether there is a local authority which is responsible for the integrated management of the Pilot River Basin.

Water management authorities that are responsible for the implementation of the WFD and the achievement of its Objectives.

Number

62 Response

Water bodies’ Naturalness Descriptive Environmental Providing information about the water bodies have been altered by human activities

The indicator describes the morphological state of water body. Indicate the percentage of the total length of rivers or the surface of lakes that fall into the following classes: Natural - Heavily (or strong) modified - Artificial

Percentage (%)

Natural : 79.63% Heavily (or strong) modified : 7.41% Artificial: 12.96%

State

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The indicators identified during the phase 3.4 of Project was enriched with what emerged during the preliminary work of Thematic Tables of phase 5.2, focused in the pilot basin section. The purpose of the indicators is to provide an overall framework of "current state" of the pilot area, creating a "single view" of the most important aspects.

2.3 TERRITORIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

The territorial and environmental indicators are related to four categories: Land, Water Resources, Ecosystem and Landscape, those Social and Economic. The latter describe demographic trends and the aspects of the production system, renewable energy and tourism.

Land Lithological characteristics: presence of Holocene and Middle-Upper Pleistocene deposits belonging to not-metaphoric “Falda Toscana”. The tectonic depression along which the river Serchio flows is characterized by valleys bordered by normal faults.

Land Use: the wooded areas located mostly on the ridges and hill areas of the basin, in the pilot area occupy 30%, while it increased the incidence of flat areas where are located urban settlements and agricultural areas (which are respectively 31% and 25%).

Evolution of settlement system: the towns have a morphology predominantly compact and centralized, they are expanded in the areas of the valley, up to saturation of significant parts of the flat terraces. The residential areas within the pilot basin occupying 13%, 7% industrial areas: network infrastructure takes up about 6%.

Geomorphological features and slope stability: the most critical situations, which also involve the reactivation of landslides and flooding of the valley floor areas, may occur if the rains go beyond certain levels of intensity and duration. The landslide hazard is due to 15 specific classes of landslides.

Areas at hydraulic risk: the sampling area has been frequently affected by phenomena of nature hydraulic and hydrological like events that qualify as civil protection issues causing flooding and landslides affecting roads and other mobility networks, essential services, public and private buildings, manufacturing plants, etc..

The river areas: the total surface areas of high and moderate probability of flooding for the Serchio basin is equal to 113.5 sq km, or 8% of the entire basin1. In the pilot basin fluvial areas2 come to occupy as much as 35% of the total area.

Water resources Ecological Status of surface water: based on the total data collected in the monitoring has been awarded a "Total State" and "Judgment" on the sections of the River Serchio. We report data for the pilot area: 1 �

Flood Management Plan - Serchio River Basin Authority 2 �

Defined by the Serchio River Basin Authority

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WATER BOBY Monitoring point

Ecological Status (SECA from

PTA3)

Potential Ecological

Status (PdG4)

Environmental Status

(SACA from PTA)

Chemical Status (PdG)

Total Status (PdG)

Upper Medium Serchio

Campia Bridge MAS 002 Good SUFFICIENT

STATUS

Good NOT GOOD

STATUS

SUFFICIENT STATUS Ghivizzano

MAS 003 Sufficient Sufficient

Lower Medium Serchio

Piaggione MAS 004 Good SUFFICIENT

STATUS Good GOOD STATUS

SUFFICIENT STATUS

In the river stretches affecting the pilot area has been identified as possible risk, in particular through the presence of numerous plants for processing of aggregates. The Protection Plan has therefore indicated the achievement of the GOOD STATUS of quality for 2021.

Chemical status of surface waters: mercury concentrations found in the station Ghivizzano are higher to the standards of law and was therefore awarded a chemical status NOT GOOD

Environmental status of groundwater bodies: for "Upper and Middle Serchio Valley Aquifer" was given a class A: nil or negligible human impact, with conditions of water balance. The extraction of water or the alteration of the natural rate of recharge are sustainable in the long term.

For "Lucca Plain Aquifer" shall refer to two distinct portions: the portion of the phreatic aquifer, which coincides with part of it which falls in the area of jurisdiction of the District of Serchio was awarded the state B " reduced anthropic impact " while the remainder was assigned status C" significant human impact. "

The "Upper and Middle Serchio Valley Aquifer" was classified at risk in relation to the achievement of quality objectives set for 2015. The achievement of the quality GOOD for the aquifer of Upper and Middle Valley of Serchio is planned for 2021.

Natural water bodies: 51% of river stretches examined bearing a functional level of "mediocre". The level of functionality likely to be greater on the left bank where about 6% have a "good" and "good-poor", while the right bank of river stretches are also present with poor functional level.

The ecological potential of the pilot area are expressed from the bio-permeability analysis conducted during the European Project “BVM”:

In the transverse direction, the study area represents a virtually insurmountable obstacle for the terrestrial fauna.

In the longitudinal direction, however, the river does not present obstacles very important.

3 Water Protection Plan of Tuscany Region 4 Water Management Plan of Serchio River Basin Authority

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Morphological evolution and fluvial dynamics: the Serchio river falls into the category of a scheme hydrometric very variable. The relationship between flood flows and low flow is more than 20%, its average instantaneous flow is estimated at around 35 to 40 m3/s, falls below 5 m3/s in dry periods, but may exceed 1,500 m3/s below of precipitation persistent. The annual average flow of the river is about 46 m3/s, the minimum life flow is about 6.5 m3/s. The maximum flow of River Serchio was recorded in Lucca on 09/11/1982 amounted to 2,200 m3/s, while the historical minimum flow recorded was 4 m3/s.

Landscape Natural values: the riparian bands are continuous and well developed in connection with the natural corridors along the course of the tributaries.

Perceptive Esthetical values: the relationship between river landscapes with predominantly environmental nature, infrastructure for the production of electricity and the system of historic bridges is a perceptive esthetical values. The cultural experiences that are related to production and transportation of the goods have considerable a perceptive aesthetic values.

Historical-cultural values: the rural settlement spread contribute, along with rural villages, to structure the territorial matrix. Manufactures associated with the production of industrial paper assume a cultural value. The complex of hydraulic engineering and related buildings for the production of hydroelectric power represent a historical value. The network of bridges constitute elements of historical architecture. The villages of the middle valley and suburban villas, which especially characterized the area of Barga, play a role in tourism.

Ecosystem Natural environments in the pilot area: in the pilot does not exist SIR, SIC and ZPS5, but this geographical area is essential for the preservation / enhancement of the connection system on which is based "fundamental and structural framework of the territory." The naturalistic element of greatest importance for the connections of the pilot area is definitely the Serchio river, which they insist on numerous urban and industrial centres, exerting negative impacts on it. In addition to these two elements, there are "no areas of natural interest, exerting a positive or no impact on the surrounding ecosystems." These areas represent the possibility of strengthening the connection and on which guide the actions of re-naturalisation in order to avoid further artificial land .

5 SIR: Sites of Regional Importance, SIC: Sites of Community Importance, ZPS: Specifies Protection Areas.

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2.4 SOCIAL INDICATORS

Population: for the analysis of the population will be considered as indicators of the resident population (year 2001) and the foreign resident in respect of municipalities most interested in from the pilot. In particular, it will not be taken into consideration the municipalities of Molazzana, Pescaglia and Vergemoli as less than 0.5% of its territory lies in the pilot area.

Population on 1 January 2011 6

MUNICIPALITIES MALES FEMALES TOTAL

Bagni di Lucca 3184 3374 6558

Barga 5051 5256 10307

Borgo a Mozzano 3614 3767 7381

Coreglia Antelminelli 2574 2722 5296

Gallicano 1929 2020 3949

Lucca 40027 44613 84640

Foreign resident population at January 1, 2011 by age and sex 7

MUNICIPALITIES MALES FEMALES TOTAL

Bagni di Lucca 365 363 728

Barga 439 425 864

Borgo a Mozzano 271 282 553

Coreglia Antelminelli 192 179 371

Gallicano 126 148 274

Lucca 3374 4002 7376

Use river areas, Sport and free time: the abundance of water in the Serchio Valley and the particular vitality of rivers, are optimal environment for the practice of sport fishing, rafting and other activities that allow the enjoyment by citizens of the areas near the river. However you have margins of improvement as regards the presence of paths and training activities. These are essential to increase the enjoyment, knowledge of the river and develop awareness among citizens and a responsibility towards the river.

6 ˇ Data: DemoISTAT.it Resident Population by age, sex and marital status on 1 January 2011 7 � Data: DemoISTAT.it Foreign Resident Population by age and sex on the 1st January 2011

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2.5 ECONOMIC INDICATOR

Industry and Production Plants: the production plants are without doubt the main settlements connotative element of the Serchio river system and particularly the section object of study.

Use Energy – Hydropower

With regard to the pilot area the main plants are present:

Hydroelectric Station "Enel Green Power" Vinchiana.

Hydroelectric Station “Piano della Rocca”.

Hydroelectric Station “Torrite”.

Hydroelectric Station “Gallicano”.

Use Energy – Photovoltaic It shows the spread predominant of small plants (up to 20kW), especially in the towns of Lucca, Barga, Borgo a Mozzano, Coreglia Antelminelli.

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Use Energy – Biomass Are reported in this regard, data on amount of biomass that could be exploited for the production of energy for the municipalities falling within the pilot area.

Tourism

GAL8 Per capita values Total values (thousand) Total (%)

GAL Versilia 17.2 2856,0 74,3

GAL Serchio Valley 5.8 339,9 8,8

GAL Lucca Area 4.1 649,7 16,9

PROVINCE OF LUCCA 10.0 3845,6 100,0

8 GAL: Local Action Group, a consortium for the local development in rural areas.

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3. SWOT ANALYSIS

3.1 SWOT METHODOLOGY

The acronym SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses can be regarded as internal factors whereas opportunities and threats stand for external factors. The SWOT analysis gives the possibility to develop a strategy which can help to tackle the weaknesses and threats.

Internal factors – inside environment (in the basin)

External factors – outside environment (factors exists inside the country/region and EUROPE)

3.2 INPUTS

In our case, the scope of the SWOT Analysis is the development of a Water Management Strategy for the pilot river basin. Therefore,

1. The Internal Analysis of strengths and weaknesses focuses on internal factors that give certain advantages and disadvantages of the water management in the basin. Internal factors in a spatial point of view will be identified by the existing information about the river basin utilizing:

a) the data provided by the compiled list of indicators for the basin (deliverable of phase 3.4), e.g. water quality, quantity, % Population served by W.W.T.P. cost recovery etc.

b) an overall brainstorming about the situation of water management issues for the basin (e.g. water pricing, administration, education and awareness, infrastructures etch. )

2. The External Analysis examines opportunities and threats that exist in the outside environment. Both opportunities and threats exist independently of the basin. The way to

basin

COUNTRY/ REGION

EUROPE

The SWOT Matrix

Internal factors Strengths – GOOD NOW Maintain, Build, Leverage

Weakness – BAD NOW Remedy, Stop, eliminate

External factors Opportunities - GOOD FUTURE Prioritize, Optimize, Exploit

Threats – BAD FUTURE Mitigate, Counter

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differentiate between a strength or weakness from an opportunity or threat is to ask: Would this issue exist if the river did not exist? If the answer is yes, it should be considered external to the basin. In our case as outside environment has to be considered the country/region and EUROPE. External factors could be identified utilizing:

a) The water management analysis (deliverable phase 3.1) – for example strong and weak points presented in the chapters of the different sectors (chapter 11 to 25) could be opportunities and threats respectively if they considered as external factors for the pilot basin.

b) The European and national legal framework (directives, regulations and Laws), co-financing tools (European and national programmes), national strategic frameworks, developmental plans, water management plans etch. could be also considered as opportunities for the SWOT Analysis.

3.3 DEVELOPING STRATEGY WITH THE HELP OF A SWOT ANALYSIS

The SWOT analysis can be used to develop the Water Management Strategy for the basin. The basic idea is to combine strengths and weaknesses on one side and on the other side opportunities and threats.

Combining Strengths with Opportunities produce elements of the strategy that could be implement/applied in the short term. On the other hand combining Opportunities with Weakness produce elements of the strategy that could be implement/applied in the medium term. In the same way, we can combine threats with strengths and weakness to produce more elements of the strategy.

Strengths: ……… ………

Weakness: ……… ………

Opportunities: ……… ………

Growth-accelerating policies

Strategy elements for the short term

Structural policies

Strategy elements for the medium term

Threats: ……… ………

Stabilization policies

Strategy elements for the medium term

Preventive policies

Strategy elements for the long term

Thus, a strategy could be developed for the water management in the pilot basin. A point that has to be considered is that a strategy based on strength and on opportunities can be realised quickly. On the other hand, a strategy which tries to counter weaknesses and threats takes more time to work out. Yet, this can also be considered a chance to combine the strategies because the strategies tend to be mutually supportive.

NOTICE: The last information (how to develop a strategy) is provided just as a proposal and is not obligatory either to be followed nor to be presented in your deliverables of the SWOT ANALYSIS or Strategic plan (phase 3.4).

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3.4. SWOT MATRIX FOR SERCHIO RIVER BASIN

STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES Over the 70% of the provincial territory is

occupied by forest and semi-natural areas, the trend is constant.

High environmental and climatic variability, there are 17 plant communities zone.

Presence of very important and productive carbonate, sandstone and alluvial aquifers with very high recharge due to high average annual rainfall.

General good quantity and chemical status of Lucca Plain aquifer and sandstone and carbonate aquifer in mountain areas.

General good/moderate ecological status of surface waters.

Good quality of bathing waters. Around 80% of surface water is natural. High quality of thermal and mineral waters. High percentage of population served by

W.W.T.P. The amount of treated wastewater from

industries is almost 100%. Treated wastewater is discharged into the

surface water and help to maintain the water flow and the minimum flow for life.

Extensive drainage network in urban and in rural areas.

High implementation percentage of IPPC Directive in paper sector (high water demanding activities).

High percentage of protected natural areas. Register and geographic database (GIS) of

water extraction points (wells and surface derivation waters).

In province of Lucca, it made the 90% of hydroelectric power produced in Tuscany; that is the 3% of hydroelectric power produced in Italy .

WFD and GWD have been implemented. In Tuscany there was a stand-alone implementation of the WFD in 2004, but this solution isn’t very good because it has got duplication of planning tools in WM.

The Water Management Plan and Water Protection Plan are prerequisites for improve good status of surface waters and groundwater quality and quantity.

The provincial and regional management plans (tools) of land use regulate the limit of land consumption and the protection of natural and agriculture areas.

Existence of multi-year plans for economic and social development.

Existence of local Management Plan for maintenance of watercourse efficiency.

Operative Plan of emergency against drinking water crisis.

The implementation of the “Ambito” Plan should allow for improved efficiency and coverage of WWTP and water supply network.

The “Ambito” Plan should allow to the union of the existing public managements of water supply and, In the meantime, tries to increase the public management with business enterprise (private management) methods.

Duty to request permits for drilling and obligation to install a meter on new wells to monitor the consumption.

Planned update of water balance in Water Management Plan.

Improvement the regional and national monitoring network for surface water and groundwater.

Network system linking the Civil Protection to the national centres of scientific research for weather data.

Regional Operational Centre (CFR) for know in advance the likelihood of calamitous events.

Register of protected areas - List sites Natura 2000.

Landscape and environmental constrain areas (special rules for particular areas).

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WEAKNESS THREATS Continuous growth of the artificial surface,

decrease of agricultural areas and wetlands. High value of slope. High pressure due to urban development in

river bank’s areas. Concentrated process of erosion/deposition

in river areas due to the presence of re-profiling works, bridges, defensive works .

Population density is higher than the national and regional average, in particular in coastal areas where, in addition, there is massive tourism.

Frequent flooding due to very high seasonal peaks of precipitation.

Drainage network not efficient. Over exploitation of water resource, WEI is

>40% indicating strong competition for water. Decrease of groundwater reserves and

lowering of groundwater level. Increase of pollution concentration in

surface water during the drought season. Water Balance not updated and limited at

section of river basin, the data used are estimated and not measured.

Low percentage of installed counters at withdrawal points.

There is a high degree of fragmentation in the water service and some areas are characterized by poor coverage of waterworks.

The sewerage and wastewater treatment are not extended to the entire territory.

Treated wastewater is not reused. The industrial sector use good water and it

not use reused wastewaters.. No monitoring of produced industrial

wastewater (monitoring exists only for the IPPC industries ), there are environmental risks posed by industrial waste.

In some groundwater, progressive deterioration of quality status (increasingly contaminated).

Poor quality of chemical status in upper medium Serchio river valley aquifer and of coastal aquifer (intrusion of saline waters and high percentage of nitrates).

Bad chemical status in Lucca Plain and coastal areas of surface waters.

High polluted lakes and subject to eutrophication and salinization.

Lack of historical data to evaluate quality trends.

Low presence in the territory of "ecological infrastructure" (fragmentation of ecological network in river environment).

There is a strong and general decline of precipitation (decreases in average 20-30%).

Water consumption in constant growth with an increase in withdraw.

Large number of local authorities who are responsible for Water Management. Excessive fragmentation of responsibilities.

Too many “Company manager“ of Integrated Water Service in the ATO. The law provides for only one Company. E-governments problems.

Lack funding and staff shortages for surveillance and control.

Overlapping responsibilities in surveillance and control.

Lack of management of the surface waters that would enhance self-purification capacity to meet the quality objectives defined by law.

Urban development in river areas. Urban development in coastal areas and

massive tourism.

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3.5 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR SECTION OF PILOT BASIN

During the process of the Serchio River Contract, a further SWOT analysis has been inserted in order to complete the analysis "preliminary" to highlight the characteristics, relationships and synergies present in the current state, in the context of study. The SWOT was participated type, involving experts and stakeholders.

SWOT analysis conducted during the process of Serchio River Contract, which was attended by 78 subjects, we wanted to dwell in particular on the weaknesses and strengths, as endogenous factors of the territory. For endogenous variables are internal to the system on which you can intervene. The data shown can detect through cross-reading, the factors that can hinder or facilitate the achievement of improvement objectives.

The strengths and weaknesses compared to the context examined, can vary (in terms of quantity and quality) based on the strategies and interventions that will be proposed. The purpose of the SWOT analysis participative is therefore to provide an overview of the strengths to be exploited and weaknesses to contain. Everything associated with the construction of alternative scenarios (visioning EASW) allow to represent and act on key factors that can influence the success of River contract.

Throughout the work are emerged the critical issues (needs of requalification) and values (instances of active conservation).

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES THEMES EMERGED

WATER QUALITY AND QUALITY OF THE RIVER ECOSYSTEM

Naturalness

Land Use and maintenance of the territory

Energy infrastructure

Control and water quality

HYDRAULIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISK, IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES, CLIMATE CHANGE

River areas and human settlement

System of reservoirs

Geomorphology and river dynamics

Hazards, flood safety and maintenance

LANDSCAPE, TERRITORY USE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER

Settlement systems and landscapes

Infrastructure, mobility and territorial

accessibility

Use free time, tourism

Production areas and economic development

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WATER QUALITY AND QUALITY OF THE RIVER ECOSYSTEM

NATURALNESS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

Presence of a 50% of soil occupied by forest. Presence of protected species. Presence of a depurative effect due to the natural biological

process by microorganisms, plant-animal. Presence still "access points" are areas of discontinuity within

broad ranges populated. Sites of great natural importance. The river as an ecological functional corridor.

Difficulty of access to data. Presence of alien species, exotic and even parasites. Loss of naturalness for reducing the water supply. Excessive human settlement of the banks. Difficult movement of data and information. Lack of involvement of communities and new generations. Increasing deficiency of water quantity related to periods of

drought, interspersed with sudden floods. The inadequacy of the minimum flow. The dredging, correction of the watercourse and the

accumulation of material.

LAND USE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TERRITORY

The Provincial Plan which since 2000 has given important indications to control land use.

The presence of extensive forests. The presence of uncultivated lands on the hillside and river

areas. The presence of a strong local economy.

The excessive urbanization. The lack of efficacy or the lack of controls. The cutting of river vegetation requirements for reduction of

flood risks. The absence of a careful control on land use. The failure to plan for the management of river vegetation. The poor health of forests. The absence of policies of re-education and involvement.

ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE

Hydro-electric power production. Presence of small district heating plants on forest biomass. Presence of many production areas. Specialized assistance.

Delay in the overall planning on the plants for the production of energy.

An excessive amount of hydroelectric plants. Feasibility studies of energy production plants based on old data

and outdated. Approval time for projects that are too long. Potential "thermal pollution".

CONTROL AND WATER QUALITY

Growth of "water culture". The increased awareness about environmental aspects river. Good purification efficiency. Satisfactory relationship between the degree of urbanization

and state water quality. Objectives and guidelines of the Water Management Plan.

Planned reduction / dismantling of the structure of the Regional Agency for the Environment.

Not yet sufficient and effective civil purification. Not yet sufficient control of treated water. Not Yet awareness in the management of existing buildings and

design of new buildings. High aquifer vulnerability. Small flow of the minor water bodies. The use, often still improper, of high quality water. High concentration of pollutant sources.

HYDRAULIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISK, IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES, CLIMATE CHANGE

RIVER AREAS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENT

The existence of sections where there is still natural, biological diversity and the presence of natural flood areas.

Self-purification capacity. Growth of the culture of the River. Production areas in the valley help to make interventions for

safety. General interest of citizens in policies management of the river. Acknowledgment of the river areas as restricted areas.

Excessive employment for human settlement / building up the valley of the River Serchio.

Existence of large production plants. Existence of buildings in hazardous areas. Lack of initiatives, such as the establishment of protected areas

or "river parks". No unique and precise definition of "river area". Inaccurate / improper delimitation of active landslides and lack

of a comparison with the municipalities. Presence of processing areas of aggregates and the absence of

an effective management of sediments.

SYSTEM OF RESERVOIRS

Capacity of the reservoirs to be able to make a good contribution to the mitigation of water stress.

Capacity of the reservoirs to contribute to flood management. The reservoirs contribute to the modulation of release during dry

periods.

The excessive number of dams along the Serchio (17). Minimum flow is not sufficient. Presence of reservoirs and the change of flow rates has

consequences on the level of ecological diversity.

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HYDRAULIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISK, IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES, CLIMATE CHANGE

GEOMORPHOLOGY AND RIVER DYNAMICS

STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

Cognitive activities conducted in the field of geomorphology. Collaboration and coordination between agencies in the

government of the territory.

Absence of detailed studies and research. An incorrect assessment of the role of vegetation in the riverbed. There is not still a clear perception that the climate trend over the

medium term (thirty years) is drying up. Climate change, generated by humans, lead (and will lead) to

extremely unpredictable rainfall patterns. The not yet clear and sufficient access to data. The absence and lack of culture of the river.

HAZARDS, FLOOD SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE

Presence of only one Authority, strong and able to intervene. Possibility that the existing water projects can be an opportunity

for redevelopment. The act of restoration and recovery capabilities of the network of

drainage channels. Possibility that the high level of human existing, also of

production type, can give rise to a system of programmed maintenance.

The absence of proper planning and maintenance actions. Maintenance is essentially and altogether lacking. The execution of hydraulic works and safety measures is always

the sum of urgent interventions. The commitment in terms of economic costs that entails the

creation of interventions for security and maintenance, more and more difficult to sustain.

The existence of an excessive number of organizations with overlapping responsibilities.

The lack of a single authority that can operate with effective and rational means, and setting standards and conducting audits in the area.

The emergency management allocates the land still to administrative boundaries and not in the catchment area.

The lack of widespread awareness of having to live with the "risk".

The lack of a culture and historical memory of the river. The cuts to the vegetation that holds the sides of the landslide. The lack of a strong role of municipalities of areas at hydraulic

risk. The low valorization of agricultural activity.

LANDSCAPE, TERRITORY USE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER

SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS AND LANDSCAPES

Presence of valuable agricultural settlements. The presence of historical centers (overlooking the river). The existence of many social/anthropic factors that bind people

to the river. Considerable variability of the landscape.

The inadequate access to infrastructure, the lack of openings, car parks, and trails and organized.

The lack of knowledge of the historical origins and evolution of urban centers.

The little attention to the inclusion of productive activities. The abandonment of city centers of hills and mountains. The excess of urbanization and the absence on the banks of

small "parks-haven". The fragility in some localized situations.

INFRASTRUCTURE, MOBILITY AND TERRITORIAL ACCESSIBILITY

The presence of the railroad. The presence of infrastructure related to the production of

hydroelectricity.

The lack of signage, car parks and minor roads. The absence of widespread cycling routes and "safe". The low possibility of structural adjustment. The non-functional connection of roads in the valley with mobility

"mountain". The absence of a greater number of stops of the trains. The excess of heavy traffic road. The danger of loading of new settlements and new urban

settlements.

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STRENGTHS WEAKNESS

LANDSCAPE, TERRITORY USE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER

USE FREE TIME, TOURISM Features historical monuments and natural of the area. Possible resources to exploit: trekking, mountain biking, farm

holidays.

Absence of nature trails and parking areas. Scarcity of paths connected to the river area. Reduced or absent navigability of the river. Lack of coordination between the municipalities that are close to

the river for tourism purposes.

PRODUCTION AREAS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The presence of important production areas for economic development.

The ability to create a network of interconnected businesses. The reuse of rail for freight transport. The modest size of production plants and the application of best

available technologies.

The difficult access to areas of particular interest and value. The excess of goods traffic by road. The absence of Productive Areas Ecologically and Energetically

Equipped. The presence of factories on small waterways. The occupation of the river areas. The poor quality of architecture and typology of settlements.

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3.6 STRATEGIS FOR SERCHIO RIVER BASINS IN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN

OFFENSIVE STRATEGIES (SO): Including strengths to exploit opportunities.

Increase the number of certified environmental industries. Implementation and coordination of environmental monitoring on Natura 2000 sites, identify areas for ecological

connection and guidelines. Drafting Action Plan for Biodiversity. Drafting guidelines for environmental assessments. Extraordinary maintenance of the drainage network. Identification of aquifer protection areas. Increase control of diffuse and point source pollution.

REACTIVE STRATEGIES (SW): These strategies aim to overcome the weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities.

To reduce the negative effects caused by morphological changes in place: Reduce human impacts; Use environmentally sustainable agricultural practices; Reduce subsidence; Retrieve the river functionality; Restore the natural river structure and riparian vegetation.

Protecting and enhancing the thermal resources. Improving quality of water supply and sewerage services and extension and improvement of supply networks and

WWTP. Mitigation and hazardous reduction from flood and landslide.

DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES (ST): Use strengths to avoid threats.

Find forms of coordination and agreement among stakeholders on the competence of WM. To increase and maintain biodiversity. Enhance the functionality of ecological networks and the degree of natural

connectivity: Reduce pollution in surface water and groundwater; Protection of biodiversity in protected areas.

To improve the status of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Improve the capacity of the sewage streams: Ensuring the minimum vital flow; Reduce salt intrusion phenomena; Improving the management of the reservoirs in relation to the problem of sediment transport and siltation.

Drafting management plans for Natura 2000 (with the emphasis on wetlands). Evaluation in order to planning tools effectiveness with regard to protection from natural hazards (introduction of indicators of environmental sustainability). Increase of protected areas. Implementation of the monitoring in marine environments (eg. Posidonia oceanica meadows) and control of human activities in marine-coastal waters for the protection of ecosystems.

ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES (WT): Reduce the weaknesses and avoid threats.

To promote the rational and sustainable use of water resources: Reduce losses in agricultural and civil sector; Reuse of treated water; Balance the water withdrawal; Reduce and rationalize consumption.

Promoting of sustainable use of river areas (eg, sports, etc.). Limit the use of land and contain urban sprawl. Legislation Updating. Improvement and standardization of water authorities.

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4. PROPOSED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN

This section contains the Proposed Strategic Plan developed on the basis of the results for each of the indicators carried out in connection with the values defined objectives, and to specify the activities to develop in the base area the strategies outlined in the SWOT analysis made during the participatory process of the Serchio River contract.

Regarding its structure, has followed a organization in strategic line, action programs and project.

The strategic lines are the foreseeable major routes for environmental improvement and progression towards a model of sustainable development in the water cycle. These subject areas are created to group the actions of improve with a common aim, so that its implementation easier and to take into account their relationship.

Within of a strategic line of action are different programs. An action program responds to each of the various objectives pursued a strategic.

Each program also brings together various projects. The projects are those works and concrete actions for resolve the deficiencies and incidents viewed during the work carried out.

According to the structure defined, the proposed Strategic Plan for Water Management has been raised about 3 Strategic lines and 12 Action Programmes organized as follows:

LINES STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS OF PROPOSED ACTION STRATEGY 1. WATER QUALITY AND QUALITY OF THE RIVER ECOSYSTEM

Action Program 1.1. naturalness Action Program 1.2. land use and maintenance of the territory

Action Program 1.3. energy infrastructure Action Program 1.4. control and water quality

STRATEGY 2. HYDRAULIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISK, IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES, CLIMATE CHANGE

Action Program 2.1. river areas and human settlement Action Program 2.2. system of reservoirs

Action Program 2.3. geomorphology and river dynamics Action Program 2.4. hazards, flood safety and maintenance

STRATEGY 3. LANDSCAPE, TERRITORY USE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER

Action Program 3.1. settlement systems and landscapes Action Program 3.2. production areas and economic development

Action Program 3.3. infrastructure, mobility and territorial accessibility Action Program 3.4. use free time, tourism

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STRATEGY 1. WATER QUALITY AND QUALITY OF THE RIVER ECOSYSTEM

The Serchio River, and in particular the stretch pilot, is a territory historically conditioned by the environment and river dynamics. Anthropogenic pressures that have acted on this area (employment areas of the river, the river rectification works, water collection systems and hydroelectric works, etc.) can still affect the naturalness of the river ecosystem. It is in fact unstable environments, characterized by constant and rapid evolution of natural phenomena (floods, changes to ecosystems) and human activities (agriculture, mining, urbanization, infrastructure).

The pressure that undergoes the river is in close relationship with the urbanized areas, especially the productive ones. The distribution of residential areas and production along the river system is now consistent throughout the valley area of consideration. In the pilot area, residential zones occupy 13%, the industrial areas occupy 7% and the network infrastructure also important that occupies about 6%.

As regards the energy infrastructure, exploitation of hydropower in the basin of the Serchio back to the beginning of 900, aided by a steeper area with abundant rainfall values. Along the Serchio has produced an energy of 543 GWh. Regarding the development of photovoltaic solar resource, it highlights the spread prevailing small plants (up to 20kW).

The Water Protection Plan of the Tuscany Region has identified the monitoring program concerning the surface waters of the River Serchio, which aims to determine the state of the same quality of water.

We report data for the pilot area:

WATER BOBY Monitoring point Ecological Status

(SECA from PTA9)

Potential Ecological

Status (PdG10)

Environmental Status (SACA

from PTA)

Chemical Status (PdG)

Total Status (PdG)

Upper Medium Serchio

Campia Bridge MAS 002 Good SUFFICIENT

STATUS

Good NOT GOOD STATUS

SUFFICIENT STATUS Ghivizzano

MAS 003 Sufficient Sufficient

Lower Medium Serchio

Piaggione MAS 004 Good SUFFICIENT

STATUS Good GOOD STATUS

SUFFICIENT STATUS

STRATEGY 1. WATER QUALITY AND QUALITY OF THE RIVER ECOSYSTEM incorporates four Action Programmes such as:

Action Program 1.1. Naturalness

Action Program 1.2. Land use and maintenance of the territory

Action Program 1.3. Energy infrastructure

Action Program 1.4. Control and water quality

9 Water Protection Plan of Tuscany Reagion 10 Water Mangement Plan of Serchio River Basin Authority

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ACTION PROGRAM 1.1. NATURALNESS Content The pilot area covers a geographical area historically conditioned by the environment and river dynamics. Anthropogenic pressures that have acted on this area (employment areas perifluvial, artificialisation section river catchments and hydroelectric works, etc.) affect still now on the naturalness of the" river ecosystem”. It is in fact inherently unstable environments, determined by a continuous and rapid evolution of natural phenomena (floods important, evolving ecosystems) and man (farming, excavation, urbanization, infrastructure). The investigations carried out by the Province of Lucca (Natural Resources and Biodiversity) recognize however the importance of most river stretches that fall in the pilot area, noting a significant presence of the species guide, considered in the identification of ecological networks. As already highlighted in studies performed in the Project BVM11 in which was revealed the presence of high levels of environmental values, especially considering the fact that the riparian areas of such importance are rare and in constant retreat, both at the provincial level and regionally. Although not lacking large areas compromised, most of the area has good environmental conditions or recoverable with very modest interventions, available also in works of ordinary management of the river bed and putting attention on the ongoing deterioration phenomena. Objectives Within a program of land development were recovered abandoned agricultural areas, through the use of organic and local products, but not one-crop. They retrieved the indigenous varieties. The river holds a quantity of water "naturally modulated" throughout its course. In the whole course of the Serchio River and its tributaries have been given continuity with the removal of some dams and the construction of ladders for fish. Were defined by the planning instruments and planning at various scales, the "ecological corridors". was also developed to "Nature Paper" with the identification of priority habitats of interest. You have a plan of "plants and vegetation" to achieve proper maintenance, to select and program the cutting of trees and shrubs native to maintain, eliminating non-native species. Have been protected minor wetlands and lowland forest. Proposed Projects Provincial Ecological Network. Elaboration of the "Charter of Nature." Feasibility study aimed at environmental restoration and re-naturalization of the canal area. Project for protection of fish biodiversity of the Serchio to combat the alien species. Laboratory and educational area. Use of extraction areas to create bird nesting areas. Redevelopment project of river habitats, to protect the wildlife.

11 Valuation project of fluvial areas and fluvial landscape of Serchio River (Province of Lucca).

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ACTION PROGRAM 1.2. LAND USE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE TERRITORY Content Within the pilot area, although the rate of areal urbanized areas, agricultural and wooded areas is fairly homogeneous, the spatial distribution is quite diverse. The more pressure that the river suffers is in fact derived from the close relationship with the urbanized areas, especially the productive ones, a phenomenon that is repeated throughout the river reach.

LAND USE LAND USE PROVINCE OF LUCCA (2009)

LAND USE IN THE PILOT AREA (2009)

URBAN AREAS 19,44% 31,57%

AGRICOLTURAL AREAS 12,90% 25,25%

FOREST AND SEMI-NATURAL AREAS 68,77% 30,66%

WETLANDS 0,50% 0,02%

WATER BODIES 1,88% 12,50%

Objectives The River Park becomes usable, an environmental laboratory was established to promote education and participation and enhance the culture of the River. It produced a calendar of the river, with its seasonal nature: flowers, wildlife, insects, colors, etc.; The population has been educated to the importance of forest vegetation in the riverbed and the cuts are performed in accordance with the geological and soil conditions of the territory. There is a great attention to the issue of permits for expansions in river areas and does not issue permits for new settlements that occupy new ground. Proposed Projects Information campaign and education for organizations and professionals, about landslide risk. Protocol for the management of the vegetation and sediments present in the river bed in order to ensure the safety and biodiversity.

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ACTION PROGRAM 1.3. ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE Content The exploitation of hydropower in the basin of the Serchio back to the beginning of 900, aided by a steeper area with abundant rainfall values. Along the Serchio are: 12 dams; 3 river barrages; 51 catchment works, 128 km of hydraulic structures; energy produced amounted to 543 Gwh.

In recent years it has added a use of water resources through reduced plant size and small production (MiniHydro) and the energy produced annually is equal to 15-35 GWh. Regarding the development of photovoltaic solar resource, it highlights the spread prevailing small plants (up to 20kW). There is still widespread exploitation of biomass, for which, at present it is installed on a single major power plant whose power is equal to 540 kWt. There is also authorized, but not realized, other 3 plants. It seems of particular interest in the exploitation of forest biomass energy, given the significant presence of the wooded areas and the predominant form of government of the coppice. Objectives We managed to meet the Kyoto Protocol Agreement with the River. It has promoted sustainable plants with careful environmental assessments, through the mix of functions/energy supply. New buildings must use energy from renewable sources. It was not authorized any photovoltaic system on the ground and were used mainly covers to install photovoltaic systems (in production areas). It was performed an assessment of the real residual potential of watercourses, to reduce the possibility of new licenses of for hydroelectric plants and give priority to the restoration of existing or disused situations. there has been a regional planning for the right size of biomass plants. The minimum vital flow is controlled and with activated modulation. It's operative a coordinated system of management of the reservoirs during periods of high and low water. Proposed Projects Applying the methodology Ch2oice (for Serchio) to hydroelectric plants. Assessment of the real hydropower potential in Serchio River Basin.

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ACTION PROGRAM 1.4. CONTROL AND WATER QUALITY Content In relation to the objectives of Directive 2000/60/EC, the Tuscany Region Protection Plan has identified surface water bodies at risk and factors (anthropogenic pressures) it is likely that not reached the goal set by the Directive 2000/60 / EC (good status of water bodies in 2015). For river stretches affecting the pilot area has been identified as possible risk, in particular through the presence of numerous plants for processing of aggregates. The Protection Plan has therefore indicated the achievement of the State GOOD quality for 2021. In relation to the objectives of Directive 2000/60/EC, the Tuscany Region Protection Plan has identified groundwater bodies at risk and factors (anthropogenic pressures) it is likely that not reached the goal set by the Directive 2000/60 / EC (good status of water bodies in 2015). Pilot area for the aquifer has been identified a risk situation, resulting in particular from the position of the water body, located in the valley at the base of slopes anthropized from which it receives the runoff. The Protection Plan has therefore indicated the achievement of the State GOOD quality for 2021. Concerning the Treatment Plants, there has been, throughout the basin of the Serchio poor consistency of the capacity of sewage treatment plants exist in the area, especially those of civilians, compared to the estimated population equivalent. Within the pilot withdrawals from surface waters are mostly for irrigation and industrial use, while those from groundwater are mainly for industrial purposes. Objectives Is a system of continuous monitoring of surface water quality (pH, turbidimetry, suspended solids, conductivity, etc.) upstream and downstream of the discharge. Mechanisms are operating for reward companies/municipalities that have adopted water saving measures and improve water quality. The water quality has reached high levels: within the regulatory systems were identified treatment "alternative" (ie phytodepuration). The quality control of the tributaries the water body is increased. Were made vegetated riparian woodlands to help improve water quality. In the new urbanization are made network systems with dual water separation. It is operating a training school for all expertise. Proposed Projects Rationalization and improve efficiency of existing purification systems (Civil - Industrial).

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STRATEGY 2. HYDRAULIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISK, IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES, CLIMATE CHANGE

The settlement model that has affected the entire river valley is therefore represented by the expansion of settlements according to their morphology and in some cases going up the river areas. Along the river and tributaries in proximity of the cross, engages the formation of a true system of factories specialized in the production of paper. The tendency of the settlement system is the saturation of the valley, compared to the possibilities offered by the topography of the area, with its congestion and infrastructure problems.

The Serchio River basin is characterized by the presence of numerous dams, catchment works and water works in the service of different plants for the production of hydroelectricity. The presence of such barriers will inevitably influence the regime of the river, both from a standpoint of flow rates and sediment transport. The alteration of the natural variation of course, has consequences on the level of biological diversity of the river.

The fall in the Serchio rivers in hydrometric scheme very variable, and is fed by many smaller rivers that have a torrential character. Morphological changes overall consist in a lowering of the bottom with the current trend mainly of sedimentation.

In the years 1998, 2000 and recently in 2009, significant floods have affected the territory of the middle and upper valley of the Serchio causing numerous reactivation of existing landslides, flooding the valley and disruption of road and rail links. The study area is frequently affected by natural hydraulic and hydrological phenomena causing flooding and landslides affecting roads and other mobility networks, essential services, public and private buildings, manufacturing plants, etc.

STRATEGY 2. HYDRAULIC AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RISK, IMPLEMENTING DIRECTIVES, CLIMATE CHANGE incorporates four Action Programmes such as:

Action Program 2.1. River areas and land human settlement

Action Program 2.2. System of reservoirs

Action Program 2.3. Geomorphology and river dynamics

Action Program 2.4. Hazards, flood safety and maintenance

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ACTION PROGRAM 2.1. RIVER AREAS AND LAND HUMAN SETTLEMENT Content The settlement pattern that has affected the entire river valley is therefore represented expansion of urban settlements by aggregation of parts later, following the morphology and in some cases going up the river areas. Along the river and in the vicinity of the tributaries, engages the formation of a real system of production plants, specialized in particular for the production of paper. The tendency of the settlement system is that the saturation of the valley, compared to the possibilities offered by the topography of the area, with its congestion and infrastructure problems. This is particularly true for the industrial system, located along the river to use its resources, with a tendency to occupy all the flat surfaces, even going up the river. The distribution of residential development and production along the river system is now consistent throughout the study area. In the pilot area, residential areas occupy 13%, industrial ones 7%, important is the network infrastructure that employs about 6%. Objectives Have been realized the river expansion chamber whit natural operation. Were made the crossing areas and openings for access to the river (linear continuity, accessibility transverse). Public and private interests converge in the same direction and the individual owners work together. Dumps have been eliminated. It stopped the use of "new" land and abandoned areas have been recovered. It was promoted scientific research and studies. Are shared rules for the river areas. Were upgraded treatment systems and reuse of water in the river before delivery. Were implemented agreement protocol for the management of treatment plants of aggregates. Proposed Projects Proposal for the implementation of management protocols of plants inert. Management of riparian areas: pilot project and guidelines. Study center and training school about "River". Redevelopment projects in river areas to reduce flood risks.

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ACTION PROGRAM 2.2.SYSTEM OF RESERVOIRS Content The Serchio River basin is characterized by the presence of numerous dams, catchment works and water works in the service of different plants for the production of hydroelectricity. The presence of such barriers, will inevitably influence the regime of the river, both from a standpoint of flow rates and sediment transport. The alteration the variation of natural course, has consequences on the level of biological diversity of the river. In order to minimize the impact of infrastructure on the hydrological regime of the river, the Serchio River Basin Authority for several years has dictated specific measures for the determination of instream flow, ie the minimum quantity that must be released from any work in the underlying stream. Objectives It was achieved a greater integration of landscape and full exploitation of the reservoirs. It was introduced regulation and monitoring of energy production. It was developed a coordinated system of management of the reservoirs during periods of high and low water. Proposed Projects Written procedures for emptying dams after the full, and to manage water crises. Census and safety work of the smaller reservoirs.

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ACTION PROGRAM 2.3. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND RIVER DYNAMICS Content The fall in the Serchio rivers in hydrometric scheme very variable, and is fed by many smaller rivers that have a torrential character. Morphological changes overall consist in a lowering of the bottom with the current trend mainly of sedimentation. the pilot, the data available in width are those that allow a better reconstruction of past development trends. One can distinguish the following steps: Step 1 - First stage of narrowing: characterized by a reduction of the width of the riverbed occurred between late 1800 and 50s. Step 2 - Second phase of narrowing: characterized by a narrowing even more accentuated, occurred between the 50s and mid 90s. Having occurred in a shorter time interval, the shrinking process was the case with rates of change significantly higher than the first phase. Step 3 - phase of partial recovery: that occurred from mid-90s and is characterized by a trend reversal (from narrowing to widening). The expansion rates are comparable with the narrowing of the previous phases, but the time interval in which this trend has manifested itself is still small, so the total variations are still small in comparison to the total shrinkage of the previous phases. Regarding the changes in share of the fund, the information available to reconstruct the evolutionary trends are less detailed and more qualitative. Objectives He was made a census of small waterways and its connectivity both hydraulic and biological. Exists and is active sediment management plan. It was returned to the recovery of spaces with lateral connectivity. It's been protected the fluvial dynamics. Proposed Projects Interventions of remodeling of the river. Depth studies on the dynamics of the Serchio river and tributaries as a function of climate change. Feasibility studies for river restoration interventions to reduce the risk.

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ACTION PROGRAM 2.4. HAZARDS, FLOOD SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE Content The mountain section of the river Serchio is characterized by a narrow channel dug and often consists of very coarse material and a generally straight. Arriving in the pilot section, the floodplain widens, and we observe the transition to a braided channel morphology that, because of the strong anthropic constraints, it almost never develops fully. The anthropogenic influences that have been historically subjected the river cause localized erosion problems with repeated damage to the structures of defense, which expose the activities themselves and the neighboring villages to the effects of the floods of the river. Flood defenses and channels of the river have resulted in increases in average speed of the current, with negative effects on the propagation of floods. In the years 1998, 2000 and recently in 2009, significant floods have affected the territory of the middle and upper valley of the Serchio causing numerous reactivation of existing landslides, flooding the valley floor areas and disruption of road and rail links. The most critical points related to the dammed section of the Serchio have emerged during the recent floods. They are related to the strength of the banks of the main river and tributaries. Objectives It was established a single control room for programming, maintenance and coordination. There is a clear and shared database for managing and sharing knowledge. It reduced the hydraulic danger with various measures and structural and nonstructural. Were carried out the new expansion basins chamber scheduled by Basin Plan whit criteria of naturalness. The dams contribute in the management of water crises and floods through predefined and coordinated protocols. Proposed Projects Safety measures of the area of Diecimo. Rearrangement interventions the Rio Fountain May. Living with extreme hydrological events: training and information, "the new citizens of the river." River expansion chamber in Pian di Coreglia Diecimo. Redevelopment projects of the river to reduce flood risks. Completion of securing Socciglia area. Farmers Guardian of the River.

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STRATEGY 3. LANDSCAPE, LAND USE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER

The "pilot section" chosen, has a higher anthropic pressure, mainly due to the valley floor urbanized areas. Although the pressure is greater than elsewhere, it's still acceptable the ratio between natural and anthropogenic environment for maintenance the continuity of the riparian vegetation and the persistence of a filter reliever between the river and the urbanized areas. Both in terms of landscape and environment is important to emphasize that persist in this sense, the presence of natural linear elements (riparian vegetation and tributaries of the Serchio).

The production plants are undoubtedly the main settlements connotative of the Serchio River system and particularly in the section under study. The negative effects for the area are recorded in particular as regards the load of heavy road transports.

Regarding tourism, the area of Valle del Serchio is characterized by the presence of "second homes" (55.5%). This number of tourists are due to enhancement of the heritage building that has become available over time as a result of migratory phenomena characteristic of these mountain areas.

STRATEGY 3. LANDSCAPE, LAND USE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER incorporates four Action Programmes such as:

Action Program 3.1. Land settlement and landscapes systems

Action Program 3.2. Production areas and economic development

Action Program 3.3. Infrastructure, mobility and territorial accessibility

Action Program 3.4. Free time, tourism

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ACTION PROGRAM 3.1. LAND SETTLEMENT AND LANDSCAPES SYSTEMS Content Episodes of increased human pressure are observed in the middle and lower stretches of the River Serchio, where the most obvious phenomenon is the concentration of settlements in the valley. In many municipalities has produced an expansion of the historic center along the valley road, creating a double problem: on the one hand, the old center suffers from a progressive loss of population and services, other centers in the valley grow without a structure and aesthetic character and living conditions rather low. The result is a multiplicity of problems of environmental and landscape, the excess pressure on the river and its immediate surroundings, the presence of road traffic and the difficult task of organizing public transport, loss of identity and livability related to rapid transformation of urban centers. Objectives Were valued historical settlements. Has been achieved greater enjoyment of the architectural and landscaping. The urban development that has been characterized by years the development of this area was de-fragmented and decreased the pressure of the buildings. We have defined the margins of the expansion construction and the rules for their maintenance. It was restored the agricultural system of flood plain and hillside terracing, also using the public lands still available. Farmers contribute to the maintenance of land and landscape. Were involved individual owners of riverside areas. It was made the connection and re-integrated elements of nature and anthropic. The analysis and risk management is increasingly linked to the planning and development of the territory and the raising of the awareness of citizens. It is operational and a continuous consultation process between institutions and local communities to maintain the land/agricultural land, an agreement through public/private. The river, the quality of its waters and the quality of the landscape has become a tourist spot alternative to the sea. I was determined in a unitary and coherent implementation of actions to be taken on the river. Proposed Projects The Provincial Plan defines the rules of urban renewal and maintenance of open spaces for the existing containment for building expansion. The territorially competent authority signing a protocol between local authority for building expansion. Rules for construction of environmental quality and landscape shall be incorporated by the municipal building regulations. Owners and farmers in areas near the river are engaged in maintenance and risk prevention. Reclamation of lands near the river.

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ACTION PROGRAM 3.2. PRODUCTION AREAS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Content The production plants are undoubtedly the main settlements connotative element of the Serchio river system and particularly the section under study. The negative effects for the area are recorded especially with regard to the road traffic, since it is not yet entirely satisfactory use of the railway for the transport of goods. You must still register some improvement of transit is a consequence of the important works that have been made during recent years. Objectives The industrial and productive areas have specialized. Were activated APEA (Ecologically Equipped Productive Areas). The companies successfully manage common ecological systems and logistics. Continuous monitoring is done on abandoned industrial areas and criteria for their redevelopment. Are activated program agreements for inert waste recovery. They are used the roof of the productive zones for solar photovoltaic as an alternative of ground equipment. Reduction of light pollution in the establishments. It is implemented upgrading and maintenance of green areas in productive zone. The problem of transporting goods has found a solution. Dissemination of quality certification (EMAS and ISO 14001). Sharing sustainability thresholds for productive activities, evaluate any advance social and environmental costs before deciding on projects. Proposed Projects Productive use of the roofs of buildings to install solar panels. Promotion of APEA areas. Opening a table (public/private) for the creation of specialized production areas and to manage the possible sale / conversion and relocation of some industrial activities.

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ACTION PROGRAM 3.3. INFRASTRUCTURE, MOBILITY AND TERRITORIAL ACCESSIBILITY

Content In the valley of the Serchio are identifiable: the railroad, the production plants, the engineering work for water and energy supplies (dams and reservoirs), sports equipment, technology, infrastructure and mixed-use settlement (commercial - residential - manufacturing) , mining (sand and gravel pits) and finally the works of flood safety. The Serchio is bordered by the two tracks of the historic roads in the valley, especially the provincial road “Lodovica” (1841-1850), the road along the right bank of the Serchio. The railway, on the left bank, was opened in this tract (Lucca - Castelnuovo) in 1911. Along the river Serchio detects the presence of functional technological infrastructure for the production of hydroelectric power and technological structures and facilities for the extraction of aggregates. Objectives It greatly improved the quality of infrastructure, through the containment of new interventions. It implemented the integration between rail-road-slow mobility. Have been made many cycle paths along the Serchio and along the tributaries with the possibility of access to residential areas. The public car parks and ride are up and running. Were restored trails and walking paths along the river. Proposed Projects Implementation and completion of slopes and trails (walking and cycling). Identification and development of interchange parking. Requalification existing road network.

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ACTION PROGRAM 3.4. FREE TIME, TOURISM Content To 2007 are recorded in the province of Lucca than 3 million and 845 thousand visitors overall, about 9.2% of the regional total. Given the province's population is about 10.5% the level of tourism is, albeit slightly, lower than the regional average that must be remembered, is one of the highest among the Italian regions. The level of tourists, however, is the result of local circumstances very different: while the incidence in the Serchio Valley remains contained after all. Objectives Greater knowledge of the area allows for better use and an integrated tourist offer. Have been created "new citizens of the River" by raising awareness on young people from

local schools. The impact of tourism and activities (sports, leisure, etc.) are sized according to load

capacity of the river area. The railway stations have been transformed into "access ports" to the territory, from which

access to marked trails and from which to explore the places. It is an operational marketing action at a national scale on the values and resources of the

territory. Have increased the activities of fishing and canoeing. It has been established and is celebrated the Festival/Annual Day of the River. Proposed Projects Construction in railway stations of areas for tourist access. Create natural pools along the river for bathing. Realization of the River Festival every year. Recreational areas equipped canoe-fishing and hiking.