stormwater management challenges and opportunities
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities
![Page 2: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda
• Other State Programs
• Case Studies– Spokane County– Ada County (Boise)
• Links to TMDLs
![Page 3: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7 Areas Listed in Montana
• Montana– Billings, Yellowstone County, and MDT– Great Falls, Cascade County, and MDT– Missoula, Missoula County, and U of M and
MDT– Bozeman, MSU and MDT– Helena– Kalispell and MDT– Butte and MDT– MDT in Helena
Montana listed those over 10,000 people with 303 (d) listed streams and areas that met population densities.
![Page 4: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3 Areas Listed in Wyoming
• Wyoming– Cheyenne– Casper– Sheridan (pending)
• Idaho– Boise (Phase 1 City)– Pocatello– Idaho Falls– Many others
Wyoming listed those over 10,000 people with data showing an impact of the system on water quality
Idaho is giving individual MS4 permits rather than a General Permit
![Page 5: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Washington
• Published permit in 2007
• Cities appealed
• Resolved in 2008
• First annual reports due in 2009
• Separated into East/West
Washington listed cities with more than 10,000 population and 303(d) listing
![Page 6: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Washington Permit
• “The SWMP shall reduce pollutants to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP) …and to apply All Known, Available, and Reasonable methods of preventional control and Treatment (AKART) prior to discharge to protect water quality”
![Page 7: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Requires Consideration of Low Impact Development Techniques
• LID consideration is required
• More prescriptive language overall
• Must document how BMPs are selected
• Expected Performance
• DOE provides BMP manuals
• Field Surveys required
• Annual Reporting Forms
![Page 8: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Monitoring in Washington
• Each City must designate two sites for “effectiveness monitoring”
• Submit a monitoring plan
• No numeric targets included
![Page 9: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ada County Highway District (Boise Area)
• $700,000 operating budget (250,000 people)• Does not include capital programs• Funded out of the general fund• 5 FTEs• Audited by Region 10 EPA in 2008• Settlers Irrigation Lawsuit filed in 2009
– Basis of the claim is water quality degration from City stormwater
– Pioneer Irrigation District has sued the City of Caldwell as well
![Page 10: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ada County Highway District (Boise Area)
• TMDL highlights Phosphorous, Bacteria and Sediment
• BMPs are chosen based on these needs
• IDEQ has issued a broad manual
• Homeowners associations are responsbile for maintenance (Inspections are required)
![Page 11: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spokane County, Washington• Basics
– 500,000 people– 7 FTEs– Collect $6M in fees, average $1.5M in capital per year
• Largely Dry Wells– Required to register all dry wells by 2012– Required to identify any potential problem locations by
2012– Approved list of BMPs for Dry Wells (mostly filtration)
• Utility established in 1992– $21/yr for average residence– Charge commercial at the same rate per sf as residential
![Page 12: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Spokane County, Washington• Newly Established Three Priority Areas with
higher rates– $45-65 per year in priority areas– High flooding– Dense Development– Water Quality challenges– Identified in Master Plan
![Page 13: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Montana Timeline
• First annual reports were turned in January 28, 2008
• Plan implemented by the end of 2010
![Page 14: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cities should participate in the TMDL process to advocate for Stormwater as well as Wastewater
![Page 15: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
There should be a link between chosen BMPs and impairment
![Page 16: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Decision process should match impairment listings
Pollutant Source/ Activity
Physical Parameters
Synthetic Organics
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Heavy Metals Nutrients Pathogens Sediments
Vehicle Service Facilities x x x
Gas Stations x x x Metal Fabrication Shops x x x
Restaurants Auto Wrecking Yards x x x x
Mobile Cleaners x
Parking Lots x x x Residential Dwellings x x x x x x
Parks/Open Spaces x x x
Construction Sites x x
City Shops x x x x Streets and Highways x x x
Marinas
Golf Courses x x x
Sewer Overflows x x
![Page 17: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
When permits are renewed, numeric load targets may be added.
![Page 19: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Many parties contribute to stormwater in the Helena area
![Page 20: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Timeline
Montana cities may face water quality BMPs in the future
Standards were set at MEDIAN numbers
![Page 21: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Initial sampling results
(mg/L) Standard City data
TSS 125 464
COD 80 162
Total P 0.41 0.64
Total N 2.0 3.8
Copper 0.04 0.036
Lead 0.165 0.026
Zinc 0.210 0.377Initial sampling results from two cities were over median values
![Page 22: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tips for Sampling Permitting
• Choose sites where you could implement at BMP if you needed to
• Choose where downstream treatment (even subsurface) is already taking place
• Sample the receiving water body at the same time that you sample your discharge
![Page 23: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Case Studies from other MS4 with Finalized TMDLs• Virtually all
called for percentage load reductions and construction-related BMPs mandated through the MS4 permit Many case studies used the
Phase 2 program to ensure compliance
![Page 24: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Is a Master Plan Required?
• The permittee shall provide a rationale for why each of the BMPs and measurable goals was selected.
• Documentation of your decision process is required.
![Page 25: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
In some areas, decision process documentation language includes significant requirements.
![Page 26: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What should you do?
• Budget now for future costs of the program
• Form a utility now if you haven’t already
• Sample, sample, sample-more data is better
• Document your decision process for choosing permit activities, link choices to impairment listing
![Page 27: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Areas for Potential Collaboration in Stormwater Management
1. Engineering Standards and BMPs
2. Operation and Maintenance Standards
3. Phase 2 NPDES Annual Reporting
![Page 28: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1. Engineering Standards
![Page 29: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Outline of Engineering Standards from Helena
A. Hydrologic Analysis
B. Hydraulic Analysis & Design
C. Water Quality Best Management Practices
D. Materials
E. Methods of Construction & Best Management Practices
F. Sediment and Erosion Control
G. References
![Page 30: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Best Management Practices
• Issues– Lots of BMP Manuals/Catalogs Available from Other Sources, But
What’s Applicable for Montana Cities?– What Constitutes Pollutant Removal to the “Maximum Extent
Practicable” (MEP)?
• Montana Specific Considerations– Appropriate Sizing for Montana Hydrology– Design and Construction for Effective Performance
• Target Montana Water Quality Pollutants of Concern
– Reasonable Maintenance
• Potential Benefit to Montana Cities– Avoid Duplicate Efforts– Leverage Development of Core BMPs for Common Needs– Streamline Review for City Staff
![Page 31: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Stormwater BMPs for Upper Great Plains/Rocky Mountain Climate
• Appropriate Plant Selection– Re-vegetation During Short
Growing Season
• Cold Weather Considerations– Freeze/Thaw
– Rain-on-Snow
• Modifications for Implementation– Baffling of Detention Ponds
– Heat Tracing?
![Page 32: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Example Stormwater BMPs
• Helena Stormwater BMPs include:– Water Quality (Runoff Treatment)
• Source Control (Good Housekeeping)
• Categorized Structures– Conventional Pollutant
– Oil/Water Separation
– Nutrient Treatment
– Runoff Control (Runoff Quantity Control)• Detention Facilities
• Infiltration Systems
![Page 33: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Example Stormwater BMPs
Section – Combined Runoff Treatment/Detention Vault
![Page 34: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Example Stormwater BMPs
Section – Spill Control Oil/Water Separator
![Page 35: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Advanced and Emerging Treatment and Control Technologies for Stormwater
• Hydrodynamic Separators– Stormceptor
– BaySaver
– VortechsTM
– Downstream DefenderTM
– CDSTM
– V2B1TM
• In-Line Filtration Systems– Stormwater Management Inc. (StormFilter)
– Aquashield, Inc. (Swirl Concentrator and Filter)– Zeta Technology (Arkel Filter)
• In-Drain Filtration Systems– Stormwater Management Inc. (Catch Basin StormFilter)
– AbTech Industries (UltraUrban Filter)– UltraTech International (Catch Basin Insert)– Hydro Compliance Management, Inc (Hydo-Kleen Filtration)– DrainWorks, Inc (DrainPac)– Kristar Enterprises, Inc (Flo-Guard Plus)
![Page 36: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hydrology Modeling
• Issues– Is The Existing Basis for Facilities Sizing Appropriate?– What Constitutes Pollutant Removal to the “Maximum Extent
Practicable” (MEP)?• Montana Specific Considerations
– Appropriate Sizing for Montana Hydrology– Design and Construction for Effective Performance
• Target Montana Water Quality Pollutants of Concern– Reasonable Maintenance
• Potential Benefit to Montana Cities– Consistent Basis for Sizing Stormwater Facilities– Regulatory Agency Concurrence– Avoid Duplicate Efforts– Leverage Development of Engineering Approach to Sizing– Streamline Review for City Staff
![Page 37: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hydrology Models for Single Event Sizing (and Continuous Simulations)
• Several modeling applications are in Helena Engineering Standards– Stormshed– StormCAD– SWMM– TR-20– HSPF
• Rational Method (Q=CIA) allowed only for sizing conveyance facilities
![Page 38: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Off-the-Shelf Software Application (StormShed) - Usability
• Simple stick figure construction of stormwater system
• Relatively inexpensive for Cities and Engineers to acquire (Example StormShed: $2,400 for the first license and $1,200 for each additional license)
![Page 39: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
2. Operation and Maintenance Standards
![Page 40: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Operation and Maintenance Standards
• Issues– Are City’s Existing Maintenance Practices Adequate?
– Are There Common Practices That Could Be Standardized?
• Montana Specific Considerations– Much of New Stormwater Infrastructure is Constructed
by Developers• Who Will Ultimately Maintain These Facilities?
• Potential Benefit to Montana Cities– Reliable Plan for Expanding Infrastructure
– Phase 2 NPDES Permit Compliance
![Page 41: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Standardize O&M Practices• Goals for frequency of
maintenance activities? • Goals for condition
assessment?• Standard O&M
agreements?• Many Phase 1s have
gone to annual inspection
• Developer Bonds for O&M?
![Page 42: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Stormwater Maintenance and Operational Practices
![Page 43: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. Phase 2 NPDES Annual Reporting
![Page 44: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Phase 2 NPDES Annual Reporting
• Issues– New Administrative Tracking and Reporting Burden for
Cities
• Montana Specific Considerations– Satisfying MDEQ’s Phase 2 Stormwater NPDES Permit
For An Acceptable Annual Report
• Potential Benefit to Montana Cities– Standardize Annual Permit Report Format and Content
– Concurrence from MDEQ on Acceptability
– Streamline Review for City Staff
![Page 45: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Standard Annual Reports
Cover page from DB from AmandaCover page of Helena’s permit application
![Page 46: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Questions?
![Page 47: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Overview of EPAPhase II NPDES Permit
• Six Content Areas– Public Education/Involvement– Iliicit Connection– Pre and Post Construction– Good Housekeeping
• Submit Permit Applications-March, 2003– Apply for Coverage Under General
Permit (in MT not available until November 2004)
– Description of Storm Water Management Program
• Fully Implement “Storm Water Management Program within 5 Years
![Page 48: Stormwater Management Challenges and Opportunities](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051622/56649f0e5503460f94c2332d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)