sti: global trends and thailand adaptability

STI: แนวโน้มโลกและการรองรับปรับตัวของไทย

ดร. พันธ์ุอาจ ชัยรัตน์

วันที่ 19 ธันวาคม 2555

เนื้อหาการบรรยาย

12/19/2012 STI: แนวโน้มโลกและการรองรับปรับตัวของไทย 2

• เทรนด์โลก (Global trend) ที่เก่ียวข้องกบั วิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และนวตักรรม (วทน.) ในระยะสัน้และระยะยาว

• ประเทศไทยควรจะอยูใ่นฐานะใด ระหวา่งผู้ใช้เทคโนโลยี (ผู้ตาม) หรือ ผู้น าเทคโนโลยี และในกลุม่เทคโนโลยีใด?

• บทบาทของภาครัฐ ภาคเอกชน และภาคประชาชน ของไทยควรรองรับปรับตวัให้ทนักบัการเปลี่ยนแปลงของเทคโนโลยีอยา่งไร

บริบทโลก

เทรนด์โลก (Global trend) ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ วิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และนวัตกรรม (วทน.) ในระยะสั้นและระยะยาว


Drivers I - II


• Grand Challenges: – Demand on major innovations in order to tackle societal

‘Long term challenges’, such as how climate change in the Asia Pacific will cause more droughts, floods, and crop failures and affect regional adaptive capability, demographic change, social disparities, and inequality.

• Emergence of Sustainability Science: – The emergence of Sustainability Science as a new inter-

and trans-disciplinary field of knowledge (Komiyama et al, 2011). The establishment of the “Sustainability Science” journal and strong networking in the field among researchers at a number of leading universities (such as Harvard University, University of Tokyo, and several European universities) has strengthened the prospects that this trend will be further strengthened. Trans-disciplinary research approaches such as Action Research are also gaining recognition.

Drivers III - IV

12/19/2012 5

• Geopolitics of STI: – BRICS countries are already key players in the

global research and innovation stage, and are quickly catching-up and strengthening their STI potential.

• ASEAN Integration – The Southeast Asian region, with an estimated

population of 600 million, is anticipated to join the ranks of China and India as a major economic growth force in Asia should its constituent countries succeed in integrating their economies by 2015.

– Regionalization of Southeast Asia in 2015 will accelerate a socio-cultural mobility within the member countries and the rest of the world.


Drivers V - VI


• New Normal: – Decentralization of local

administration and knowledge maker mobility in the region will lead to the generalization of a ‘new normal’.

• Inclusive STI: – If the ASEAN regional economic

integration agenda goes beyond economic objectives and taps into the region’s unique social and cultural wealth, tackling the issue of inclusivity will be one of our greatest challenges. Yet, it can also provide ample room for knowledge exchange and innovation.

Drivers VII

12/19/2012 7

• Cheap innovation: – Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) is increasingly viewed as an

important group in society that needs to be uplifted, while being simultaneously a potential multi-million market (IBoP Asia, 2012). The former has led to the rise of social entrepreneurs, while the latter has influenced a number of companies, big and small, to deepen the meaning of corporate responsibility - redefining businesses to become more inclusive of the needs of the poor.

– The institutional framework for participatory processes has been given increasing importance since it was endorsed as a legitimate process in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 (Lawrence, 2011). This framework has been further enhanced and strengthened by the Aarhus Convention in 1998. Such an institutional platform, if strategically employed, could provide useful support in legitimizing transdisciplinarity approaches, bottom-up movements, and community-based knowledge networks.


Drivers VIII

09/19/2012 8

• Paradigm Shifts on STI Policy: – The new paradigm of science, technology and innovation policy treats innovation in a

much broader sense by bridging social and service innovations with technological innovation. It includes different stakeholders and societal dimension into a new innovation system. The user plays a crucial role in localizing and diffusing innovations and recognizing a dynamic evolution of a sectorial and thematic innovation model.


Inhibitors I - II

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• Belief system: – A struggle between religions and the

scientific world in Southeast Asia to co-exist in harmony and a progressive manner.

• STI Politics & Diplomacy: – Limited STI understanding and proper

communication among members of parliament (MPs) in developing countries.

– The concept of STI diplomacy is very new for both the diplomat and scientist.

– The closed and exclusive diplomatic negotiation structure of the ASEAN Summit and other national and international multi-party hearings always exclude the poor and vulnerable from a key stakeholder formulation.


Inhibitor III - IV


• Chindia innovations: – The rapid rise of China, India and other

emerging economies places competitive pressure on ASEAN countries to speed-up their economic catching-up process. Accelerated economic growth through rising income is the main priority in development, with both the environmental and social agendas taking the back seat.

• Green growth dilemma: – The urgency of dealing with pressing

environmental challenges, e.g. climate change mitigation and adaptation (UNFCCC website, 2012), may hasten the move towards non-inclusive green economy and put the preference on top-down and short-term solutions – while undermining the slower process of social inclusion in the ASEAN sustainable development agenda.

Inhibitor V - IV


• Higher education reform: – Competition in university ranking has been

pressuring university researchers in ASEAN to place undue emphasis on publication outputs and frontier research, reducing the motivation and opportunities for conducting research and teaching that are more community-based, trans-disciplinary, and action oriented.

• Corruption in STI: – Corruption and rent-seeking is still an on-

going obstacle to national development in most ASEAN countries (Transparency International, 2011). This could reduce the necessary political will to develop, implement and follow-through long-term policies that are more contributive to the welfare and greater good of the community.

Driver & Inhibitor I

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• Global techno-economic reformulation: – Current global economic conditions, particularly in

the United States and Europe, will force the ASEAN economies to rethink their industrial and economic development strategies. Clustering strategies for economic development will have to be adjusted accordingly.

– Regionalization and decentralization of production and innovation systems, as is being attempted now in Indonesia, may allow agglomeration of local SMEs to generate wider economic and social benefits.


Driver & Inhibitor II -III


• Mobility innovation: – Advancement of information and communication

technologies can promote industrial clustering in more remote villages and towns. The ease of setting up an online presence for local micro-enterprises will also be a key marketing factor.

– Concerns for the environment and sustainability will become the key conditions that determine the location and size of industrial clustering.

• Decentralization of knowledge: – The increasing integration of the ASEAN economies and

transport networks may lead to agglomeration of industries in border towns and provinces.

– Administrative and political decentralization may help foster industry clustering and economic development at the community level, provided that there are mechanisms to link the communities together to attain economies of scale and scope by sharing information, knowledge, and other resources.

บริบทประเทศไทย

ประเทศไทยควรจะอยู่ในฐานะใด ระหว่างผู้ใช้เทคโนโลยี (ผู้ตาม) หรือ ผู้น าเทคโนโลยี และในกลุ่มเทคโนโลยีใด?

09/19/2012 14 STI: แนวโน้มโลกและการรองรับปรับตัวของไทย

CHANGES AFFECTING NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Diffusion of

innovation

NEW

PYRAMID

CLEAN

SPACE

GREEN CONSUMPTION

ASEANIZATION

09/19/2012 16

Social and Lifestyle Change Economy and Trade

Geopolitical Change Power Decentralization

Health and Diseases Energy Security

Economic Stability and Sustainability

Quality Resource Based Management Global and Regional Positioning

Value Creation from Knowledge Application

Food & Agriculture Security

Climate Change

Scientific & Technological Change

Source: STI 2012


Knowledge intensive business services (KIBS)


09/19/2012 เรียนรู้จากผู้น้า ก้าวล ้าสู่การหลอมรวม

Leadership VS Followership

• City and township as STI platform: – Religion & STI

– The Urban Disconnect – Challenging: Non-inclusive Green economy

• Policy inclusivity: – Emergence of new generation of innovation systems

– Politician new challenge: STI Diplomacy in the ASEAN Community era

– Industrial agglomeration as a policy target continues

– From agglomeration of factories to that of R&D and creativity

• Potential sectors: – Food technology and innovation

– Renewable technology

– Service innovation & lifestyle technology

– City innovation – Social technological innovation for BoP

– STI Diplomacy in ASEAN level

09/19/2012 STI: แนวโน้มโลกและการรองรับปรับตัวของไทย

ก้าวต่อไป

บทบาทของภาครัฐ ภาคเอกชน และภาคประชาชน ของไทยควรรองรับปรับตัวให้ทันกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงของเทคโนโลยีอย่างไร


Thailand Implications I


• Close a developmental gap among member countries by moving to a knowledge-based society and economy (KBS/KBE), various overlapping issues from a union of three religions and technological innovation will crucially influence social values and economic structure

• The relationship between Buddhism and STI for development will need special attention.

• A non-scientific learning style of social enterprise (SE), community and societal groups may lead to an active pro-poor STI policy and planning for these groups of dynamic economies, but the policy making process may need to explore for a different mode of innovation.

• At this moment, a well-established mechanism and channel for the poor and vulnerable, to advocate and voice their ideas and demands, is still very inactive. This area of investigation will help both the policymakers and civil society to create a joint-understanding and orchestrate the strategy of STI for development.

Religions & STI STI policy by the poor

Thailand Implications II


• Diplomacy seems to be a very far-fetched act for the poor and vulnerable. The issue that brings this under-represented group into a regional diplomatic theater is how scientific knowledge and innovation can contribute to social inclusion and community sustainability (Lundvall, 2012).

• Tons of issues, ranging from democratization of knowledge, big technologies (nuclear, hazardous waste, biomedical, etc.), and technological risk on environment, regulation, biodiversity, climate change, and so on have been extensively discussed at the diplomatic table by the traditional diplomat with a more collaborative support of expertise from STI experts. In contrast, the politician (policy decision maker) and people at the-bottom-of-Pyramid (BoP) play a less significant role in a core process. There should be a mechanism to involve the people at the apex and the bottom of the pyramid to sit and talk together in this very new arena.

• Profits, new knowledge, and improvement in livelihoods only benefit certain sections of the community, and do not trickle down to the masses. This can create distrust and lack of cooperation among citizens, resulting into low confidence in the value of the green economy.

• Support an institutional basis for pockets of real linkages and trust between top-down and bottom-up efforts to emerge – especially by those who are more visionary and creative in looking beyond the status quo, both from the part of the policymakers and general citizens.

From bottom to the top STI diplomacy

Sustainable Science for Green Growth

Thailand Implications III


• The poor still do not benefit directly from the policy on industries that require high skills and specific types of creativity would benefit only people who can afford to go to universities and design schools.

• Bias towards megacities, which tend to benefit greatly from clustering policies, further encouraging migration. Even initiatives that attempts to integrate industrial clustering with urban development.

• Science and technology agencies will play critical roles in enhancing production capabilities of firms in industrial clusters. Technology transfer programs are often a major part of clustering efforts, while some of the research and development (R&D) initiatives of government and university labs have been adjusted to align with industry clusters and how socially inclusive this R&D initiative will become toward society and domestic market.

• Additionally, to set OTOP as part of the creative economy policy, the Thai government has assigned TCDC to implement the OTOP Store and Thai Pinto Project to explore ways to promote and increase OTOP products’ distribution channels in the global market, and to find how provincial cuisine can be developed in terms of quality and packaging to enhance consumer access.

• The case of the OTOP program shows that clustering alone is never enough, particularly if the key policy objective is to promote economic development at the community level. It has to be accompanied by a wide range of policy instruments.

• Knowledge intensive activities within OTOP will accelerate RDI of the country and technological capability among locale and micro-SMEs.

From Clustering to City Innovations OTOP Innovations

THANK YOU


sti: global trends and thailand adaptability

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