Stewardship of the Digital Scholarly Record & of Each Nation’s Published Heritage

Peter Burnhill, University of Edinburgh Gaëlle Béquet, ISSN International Centre

Alan Darnell, University of Toronto

Theron ‘Ted’ Westervelt, Library of Congress

#cni16f

@keepersregistry

2005/06

2005

2003

Ahottopic10+yearsagointheUSA&elsewheretoo

Arecentreflec@on2015/16

UnintendedConsequencesofTheWeb/Internet:Digital back copy is not in the custody of libraries

Picturecredit:hKp://somanybooksblog.com/2009/03/27/library-tour/

Libraries boast of ‘e-collections’, but do they only have ‘e-connections’?

Caroline Brazier, British Library

‘publica@ons’

Time to take stock …

1.  What do we know?

•  Stating the Task at Hand

•  Stating the Achievements

•  Stating the Challenges

2.  What is to be done?

3.  What are the priorities for our attention and action?

**AmberAlerts**

licencetouse

“ease” “con7nuing”

usability

accesstocontent&tools

Oursharedobliga@onistoensureeaseandcon@nuingaccess

toonlineresourcesneededforscholarship

Open

Restricted

long-termpreserva7on

‘justincase’

Sta@ngtheTaskinHand

OurScholarlyRecordhasafuzzyedge

‘e-journals’Upda@ngwebsites,

repositories,databases,

‘book-lengthwork’

Govt.Publica@ons‘issuedonweb’

Defining Stewardship for the Digital Scholarly Record

conferenceproceedings

‘e-magazines’‘e-newsmedia’

‘dataasfindings’

e-theses

e-methods:so]ware

e-book

TwiKer?

‘e-journals’

‘book-lengthwork’

conferenceproceedings

e-theses

Con@nuingResources=‘SERIALS’

(issuedinParts)

‘ONGOINGINTEGRATINGRESOURCES’

(changesoverTime)

Upda@ngwebsites,repositories,databases

Govt.publica@ons‘issuedonweb’

trademagazines,etc.

ISSNassignedto:

‘e-newsmedia’

‘dataasfindings’

‘TheScholarlyRecord….’

+

Practical focus: what ISSN identifies as ‘continuing resource’ issued online

Massiveincreaseine-serialsoverpast20years-measuredbyISSNsfor‘onlinecon@nuingresources’

72,337in200997,563in2011132,806in2013177,631in2015187,445in2016

FromtheISSNRegister

9

US:18%

RestofWorld:>50%

Canada5%UK:9%

Brazil:4%

Ger:4%

Fra:8.5%

Researchers (& libraries) in any one country depend on content written & published as serials in countries other than their own

169,634%age of 187,445 ISSN assigned to ‘e’ (1 Dec. 2016)

1.GrowingnumberofKeepersofarchivedserialcontent

①  CLOCKSS&Por@co-web-scaledependentuponearningsfrompublishers+fundsfromlibraries

②  ‘thena@onals’–withgovernment-backedmissionstatements: Bri@shLibrary CarinianaNetwork/IBICT(Brazil) KB/Netherlands(e-Depot) LibraryofCongress Na@onalScienceLibrary,ChineseAcofSciences ArchaeologyDataService(UK)

③  ‘university-basedcoopera@ves’-self-fundedopera@ons: LOCKSSProgram[&PrivateLOCKSSNetworks] HathiTrust ScholarsPortal PublicKnowledgeProject/PLN[OJS]

NotyetBnF,DnB,LAC…norNLM,...

BreakingNews:SwissNa@onalLibrary

Sta@ngtheAchievements:Whatweknow

Many archiving organisations a Good Thing ☺

“Digital information is best preserved by replicating it at multiple archives run by autonomous organizations”

B. Cooper and H. Garcia-Molina (2002)

Badstuffwillhappen!

Buthowdoweknowwhoiskeepingwhat?

AccidentinAD271

DeliberateinAD1992

…todiscoverwhoislookinga?erwhat An established Global Monitor

thekeepers.org

2. We have means to search across those digital shelves

onTitleorISSN,usingtheISSNRegister&ISSN-Laskernelfield

12‘keepers’(+SwissNa@onalLibrary)

Fundedby:

Developed&managedby:

13

Search for Origins of Life

… but coverage of volumes is

partial & patchy

This e-journal is being archived by 5 archiving agencies …

freetouse@thekeepers.org

thekeepers.org

Registry as ‘Observatory’: providing evidence / data

GoodNews3:#Titlesknowntobearchivedisincreasing

TheKeepersRegistryreports@tles‘ingested&archived’

morearchiving+morearchivesrepor@ngintoRegistry!

…atleast1 …3ormoreDec2013 22,196 8,618Nov2014 26,195 9,656Dec2015 29,663 10,710Dec2016 33,711 12,644 KeptSafer

Howarewedoing?:WhatdothedatafromtheKeepersRegistrytellus?

Upbyc.50%overpast3years☺

Looking more closely with two simple Key Performance Indicators

‘Ingest Ratio’ = ingested by 1+ Keeper / total ‘online serials’ of interest

‘KeepSafe Ratio’ = ingested by 3+Keepers / total ‘online serials’ of interest

33,711/187,445=>18%

12,644/187,445=>6.7%

So‘global’esCmatefor‘PublishedHeritage’Titlesarchived,dividedbyall‘conCnuingresources’inISSNRegister

Sta@ngthechallenges:focuson‘scholarlye-journals’

(a)Earlyevidencethatmuchofaresearchlibrary’sserialslistisatrisk

KPI1:‘IngestRa7o’=22%to28%onlyaquarter

=>fateofc.75%unknownP.Burnhill(2013)TalesfromTheKeepersRegistry:SerialIssuesAboutArchiving&theWeb.SerialsReview39(1),3–20.hKp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar@cle/pii/S0098791313000178,&hKps://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/6682

Update:EverylibrarycandothisviaMembersAreaintheKeepersRegistry

**AmberAlert**

Usingusagelogsof4.1mrequestsviaUKOpenURLRouter

=>51,426online@tlesrequestedduring2015

‘IngestRa@o’=41.7% (21,461/51,426)‘KeepSafeRa@o’=23.6% (12,126/51,426)

=>ArchivingStatusofwelloverhalf(58%)ofonline@tlesrequestedby

UKstaffandstudentsin2015isunknown&presumedatriskofloss

(b)Indica@onthatmuchofwhatUsersrequestalsoatrisk

**AmberAlert**

Arts&Humani@esareverymuch‘atrisk’

‘elite’Journalsforsomedisciplinesatrisk

LawClassics

Classics

KeepSafeRatio 74.2 Agriculture,VeterinaryandFoodScience74.2 Sociology73.8 EconomicsandEconometrics73.2 EarthSystemsandEnvironmentalSciences

43.5 TheologyandReligiousStudies41.1 History39.1 Music,Drama,DanceandPerformingArts38.3 ModernLanguagesandLinguistics37.2 EnglishLanguageandLiterature37.1 Law17.6 Classics

STEMJournalswellarchived

% **AmberAlert**

FromUKUniversitysubmissionstoResearchExcellenceFrameworkREF2014

Big variation by Country of Publication

ElsevierHindawi

WileyetcSpringerKarger

3+

T&F,CUP,OUP,etc

**AmberAlert**

verylowKeepSafeRa@os

CLOCKSS/Portico do Big Publishers but so do Research Library Co-ops! 2015 data

ElsevierHindawi

T&F,CUP,OUP,etcWileyetcSpringerKarger

ResearchLibraryCoops%

**AmberAlert**

verymany‘atrisk’e-journalsfromthe“65%ofpublishers”:

thehardesttoreach&workwith

BIGpublishersactearlybutincompletely

**AmberAlert**

Time to link arms & focus …

1.  What do we know? Some Good News but …

2.  What is to be done? ‘Stewardship of the Digital Scholarly Record & of Each Nation’s Published Heritage’

•  For our Scholarly Record, that our scholarship produces

•  As part of all Published Heritage, that our scholarship needs

①  The role of the ‘nationals’ & Legal Deposit

②  The role of the ‘research library co-ops’

»  Canada as ‘case study’

③  How to ensure Open Access means Assured Access

**AmberAlerts**

①  The role of Nationals: value of Legal Deposit for [Digital] Published Heritage

Comprehensive nature of legal deposit lends itself to the acquisition and preservation of the published heritage of a nation •  Covers all types of publishers:

Scholarly, Trade, Personal, etc. –  Reflected in the scope of acquisition for print

–  Reflected in the scope of acquisition for digital

•  Gives recognition to the value of publications outside the scholarly record

Caveats on Legal Deposit for [Digital] Published Heritage

Natural tendency to gather the low-hanging fruit – which generally means collecting from the large scholarly publishers NB:LegalDeposithasscopethatextendstoforeignmaterialdistributedinthatcountry

Challenges to Legal Deposit for [Digital] Published Heritage

Legal •  Macro: Laws vary nation by nation •  Micro: High-profile, delicate negotiation in

each instance Technical •  Let a thousand flowers bloom

–  Large number of individual publishers

•  Libraries have a lot of flower picking to do –  Less technical aptitude/resources on the part of

small publishers

Impact of Legal Deposit on [Digital] Published Heritage

Difficult to tell the impact – current or potential •  Not all National Libraries have digital Legal Deposit

–  Even when they do, it is often a slow business to build up •  Few are Keepers, who recognize benefit of sharing

knowledge openly

There is real value in Legal Deposit, as shown in its use in collecting print and, increasingly, electronic works

Legal Deposit is an important tool for preservation of digital published heritage – but it is not the entire toolbox

Na@onalScienceLibrary–ChineseAcademyofSciences

②  TheRoleoftheResearchLibraryCoopera@vesACaseStudyofa‘regionallibrarycoop’:Preserva@onoftheScholarlyRecordinCanadaviaScholarsPortal

Nipissing

Laurentian

Algoma

Lakehead

Trent

York

Guelph

Waterloo

Wilfrid Laurier

Western

Windsor

Carleton

Ottawa

Queen’s

RMC

UOIT

Ryerson

Toronto

OCADU

Brock

McMaster

LocalLoading&Preserva@onA.  OCULModelLicense:LocalLoad&Preserva@onAgreement

•  Legalframeworkforpreserva@ondefinedinsubscrip@onlicenses

Threerights:1.  Toloadcontentlocallyandserveittoauthorizedusers2.  Tocon@nuetoservecontenta]ersubscrip@onperiodexpires3.  Tobeabletotransformthatcontenttosupportlong-termuse

B.  ScholarsPortal:aTDR[AuditedbyCRL,cer@fiedin2012]•  Library-basedgovernance•  Preservewhatourmemberscollect•  Openorbrightarchivemodel•  Seamlesspost-cancella@onaccess

journals.scholarsportal.info

•  Strongsupportfor

OApublishing(PKP&Érudit)

•  Lowcostbarriertopublica@on

• Manynewjournals•  Focusonpublica@onrather

thanpreserva@on

•  Switchtoallelectronicpublishing

•  Failureofdepositoryprograms

•  Focusoncurrentpublica@ons

•  ArtsandHumani@esfocus•  Lowcostbuthighvalue

•  Importantregionaldifferences

•  Smallnumberofjournals

•  Largenumberofpublishers•  Highrateof

cessa@on

•  STEMfocus•  Bigpublishers/bigdeals•  Highcostjournals•  Reasonablecoverage•  Challenges•  Nego@a@ngrights

•  Qualityassurance

•  Scaling

Interna@onalJournals

Na@onalJournals

OpenAccessJournals

GovernmentSerial

Publica@ons

STEMversusSSH

•  HeavyemphasisinCanadianscholarlypublishinguponSocialSciencesandHumani@es(SSH)

+‘applied/prac@@oner’literature

•  STEMscholars[inCanada,aselsewhere]workwithincontextoflargerNorthAmerican&Interna@onalscholarlysocie@es•  JournalsinSTEMrarelygetestablishedorsucceedinCanada

•  Languagedualitymeansastrongandindependent

publishingcultureinQuebec•  Frenchisoneoftwoofficiallanguages

Diversity&Fragility•  Manyplayersinvolved

-  ScholarlySocie@es;UniversityPresses;ResearchCouncils-  Asmallnumberofcommercialpublishers

•  Highlydependentonsupportfromgran@ngagencies•  e.gSSHRCAidtoJournalsProgram

•  Manymoresmallerjournals•  afewlargejournals,

•  Ahighrateofcessa@on0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

Number of Canadian Journals

Active

Ceased

**AmberAlert**

Interna@onalJournals

Na@onalJournals

OpenAccessJournals

GovernmentSerial

Publica@ons

PKP-PLN

CanadianGovernmentInforma@on(CGI)PLN

Whatcanwelearnfromthiscasestudy?

Althoughscholarlypublishinghasastronginterna@onalelement,thingswillbedifferentfromna@ontona@on,andsounderstandingpreserva@onissuesrequiresafocusonthelocalaswellastheinterna@onal

ROAD,DirectoryofOpenAccessscholarlyResources

⇒  KnownArchivingStatusof>¾ofOAresourcesispresumedatriskofloss

hKp://road.issn.org/

OpenAccess≠Con@nuingAccess

ISSNisassignedtoresources:a)Issuedinparts

b)Changeo’@me

**AmberAlert**ArchivedbynKeepers

③ HowtoensureOpenAccessmeansAssuredAccess

③ HowtoensureOpenAccessmeansAssuredAccess

•  Stronglibraryculturesuppor@ngOpenAccess•  inCanada&elsewhere

•  Librarypublishingsupportservicesbecomingcommon

•  RoleofDOAJ•  SealofApproval:ISSN;depositwithaKeeper

•  RoleofPKP•  OJSusedbyover8,600journalsworld-wide•  Poten@alfordirectarchiving

①  Web-scale not-for-profit archiving agencies:

②  National institutions …

③  Research libraries: consortia & specialist centres …

F National Science Library,

Chinese Academy of Sciences National Science Library,

Chinese Academy of Sciences

OJSforOAjournals

Good News: Need to ensure OA is Assured Access

**DOAJRequirements**

?

Arecentreflec@onfromAnneKenney

TakenfromPPTdeliveredtoNASIG2015 “thatreallygreatthingcalledtheKeepersRegistry.”

StatementfromTheKeepersNetworkWorkingTogethertoEnsuretheFutureoftheDigitalScholarlyRecord

ThisoutlinestheacConsnowrequiredtotackletheevolvingchallengesofpreservingandensuringthelongtermaccessibilityofdigitalscholarship.

Addressingpublishers,researchlibrariesandnaConallibraries,thestatementsetsoutaseriesofrecommendedacCviCesthattheycanundertaketosupportarchivingandpreservaConiniCaCves.

hLp://thekeepers.blogs.edina.ac.uk/keepers-extra/ensuringthefuture/

•  Europe:King’sCollegeLondon,UK•  Australasia:PacificandRegionalArchiveforDigital

SourcesinEndangeredCultures(PARADISEC)•  Canada:CouncilofPrairie&PacificUniversityLibraries

(COPPUL)•  USA:TheIvyPlusLibrariesCollec@onsGroup.•  SouthAmerica:RedeCarinianaNetwork(IBICT),Brazil2.  Lookingtoengagementwith&supportfrom:

a)  Interna@onalAllianceofResearchLibraryAssocia@ons IARLA:ARL+CARL+LIBER+RLUK+AUL

b)  IFLA/ConferenceofDirectorsofNa@onalLibraries(CDNL)

1.  EndorsementsfortheKeepersStatement

Recommenda@onsfromTheKeepersNetwork

Atthena@onallevel:ForNa@onalLibraries(&Na@onalIns@tu@ons)

1.  Provideleadershipinse�ngpreserva@onpriori@esforyourcountry’sserialpublica@ons•  Workwithuniversity-basedresearchlibraries&theirassocia@ons

2.  Usena@onalcollec@ngmandatetoensurethepreserva@onofcontentproducedbysmall,localandregionalpublishers•  Theseareatsignificantlygreaterriskofloss

3.  Forgepartnershipswithotherarchivingagencies•  Explorewaysofworkingtogethertomaximisecoverageandfind

economiesofeffort.

4.  Promoteawareness&understandingofimportanceofarchivingtostakeholdergroupswithinyourcountry.•  Advocatededicatedresources&supportfromgovernment/funders.

Recommenda@onsfromTheKeepersNetworkAtthelocallevel:

ForResearchlibraries

1.  Ac@velysupportatleastonearchivingorganisa@on•  preferablymorethanoneKeeper

2.  Designateresponsibilityforlong-termaccesstoe-journals•  librarystaffcanthenbeac@veintheKeeperscommunity

3.  Listyourpriority@tles&maketheseknowntotheKeepers

4.  Makelong-termaccessissuespartofthelicensingprocess•  askpublishersforadigitalpreserva@onplan•  explainwhyarchivingisimportanttolibrariesinyourregion/subject

5.  Increaseawareness&understandingoftheissueswithyourfacultystaffandseniormanagement.

No Time Like the Present - To Take Action

1.  What do we know? 2.  What is to be done?

3.  What are the priorities for our attention and action?

•  Time for some contribution from the floor ?

•  Can we set ourselves some strategic objectives, targets and agree upon some division of labour/labor?

•  Support Web Archiving initiatives –  e.g. to preserve gov’t publications

CNI

IARLA:ARL/CARL/LIBER/RLUK/AUL

Targets: By next CNI Fall Meeting …

•  More of the ‘long tail’ will have been archived –  20+ academic libraries have provided the Keepers with priority

titles of e-publications –  Each Keeper will have acquired content from 20+ journals

published by small publishers

•  Significant increase in the KeepSafe Ratio –  A ‘Keepers Badge’ awarded to publishers who invest their content

with at least three Keepers

•  Increase support of Keepers & Keepers Registry –  Double the number of research libraries active in one or

more archiving service

hKp://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/

hKp://thekeepers.org@keepersregistry

hKp://thekeepers.blogs.edina.ac.uk/

Proposition that underpins Keepers Registry

1.  Assign an identifier at the ‘point of issue’ for a stream of digital content

2.  Ensure that content is archived routinely

and, preferably, have others/ peers do that for you too

+ 3.  Say what you are doing (& how)

and what you hold 4.  Publish the terms of access for

the archived content (now and when triggered as orphaned).

MembersArea:TitleListComparison[Trythisyourself]

PrintISSN ElectronicISSNTitle Publisher KR:ISSN-L KR:No.ofMatchingAgenciesKR:MatchingAgencies KR:DirectLinktoRecord0001-4788 2159-4260 AccountingandBusinessResearchTaylorandFrancis0001-4788 4 ScholarsPortal,Portico,CLOCKSSArchive,GlobalLOCKSSNetworkhttp://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/0001-4788

0950-382X 1365-2958 MolecularMicrobiology Wiley-Blackwell0950-382X 4 ScholarsPortal,Portico,e-Depot,CLOCKSSArchivehttp://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/0950-382X

1355-5502 1750-0133 JournalofVictorianCultureEdinburghUniversityPress1355-5502 4 ScholarsPortal,Portico,CLOCKSSArchive,GlobalLOCKSSNetworkhttp://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/1355-5502

2049-8764 2049-8772 InformationandInferenceOxfordUniversityPress2049-8764 3 Portico,CLOCKSSArchive,GlobalLOCKSSNetworkhttp://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/2049-8764

0959-535X 1756-1833 BMJ BMJGroup 0959-8154 2 GlobalLOCKSSNetwork,HathiTrusthttp://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/0959-8154

0950-222X 1476-5454 Eye NaturePublishingGroup0950-222X 2 Portico,CLOCKSSArchive http://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/0950-222X

2049-4572 1364-0429 JournalofConservation&MuseumStudiesUbiquityPress2049-4572 2 CLOCKSSArchive,GlobalLOCKSSNetworkhttp://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/2049-4572

1553-734X 1553-7358 PLOSComputationalBiologyPublicLibraryofScience1553-734X 1 GlobalLOCKSSNetwork http://thekeepers.org/purl/issn/1553-734X1212-2580 1805-9341 PlantProtectionScience CzechAcademyofAgriculturalSciences1805-9341

2211-5242 2211-5242 Disability,CBR&InclusiveDevelopmentVUe-Publishing2211-5242

1.UploadafileofISSN

+anyextra

asCSVfile

2.DownloadfilewithISSN-L+NumberofAgencies+ArchivingAgencies+linktoKRrecord

PrintISSN ElectronicISSNTitle Publisher0001-4788 2159-4260 AccountingandBusinessResearchTaylorandFrancis1212-2580 1805-9341 PlantProtectionScience CzechAcademyofAgriculturalScience0959-535X 1756-1833 BMJ BMJGroup1553-734X 1553-7358 PLOSComputationalBiologyPublicLibraryofScience0950-382X 1365-2958 MolecularMicrobiology Wiley-Blackwell0950-222X 1476-5454 Eye NaturePublishingGroup2049-8764 2049-8772 InformationandInferenceOxfordUniversityPress2211-5242 2211-5242 Disability,CBRandInclusiveDevelopmentSAGEPublications1355-5502 1750-0133 JournalofVictorianCultureEdinburghUniversityPress2049-4572 1364-0429 JournalofConservation&MuseumStudiesUbiquityPress

*ComingSoon*Ingest&KeepSafeRa@osbySubscrip@onPackages(UK)CountryofISSNassignmentOpenURLRequests(UK)REF2014Submissions(UK)