1

CEE 102: Prof. Michael G. Littman

Course Administrator: Catherine Eiben ceiben@princeton.edu

Computers for NOTETAKING ONLY

Please - NO Cell Phones, Texting, Internet use

Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and the PC

and

Course Review

Radical Innovation and the Transformation of Daily Life

Noyce and Hoff – Intel Microcomputer

2

Components of Innovation

Inventor and Entrepreneur

Intel

4004Apple I TCP / IP

33

Noyce and Hoff – Intel Microcomputer

Components of Innovation

Inventor and Entrepreneur

44

Homebrew Computer Club

Silicon Valley 1975

Noyce and Hoff – Intel Microcomputer

Components of Innovation

Inventor and Entrepreneur

Homebrew Computer Club

Silicon Valley 19755

Wozniak and Jobs

Apple Computer founded in 1976

Components of Innovation

Inventor and Entrepreneur

66

Wozniak and Jobs

Apple Computer founded in 1976

Components of Innovation

Inventor and Entrepreneur

Jobs

Hewlett - Packard

Ford

Jobs

7

Wozniak and Jobs

Apple Computer founded in 1976

Components of Innovation

Inventor and Entrepreneur

88

Hewlett - Packard

Ford

Jobs

99

1010

Demonstration:

Single board computer

1111

Aged -

2712

Demonstration:

Single board computer

12

Aged -

271313

Macintosh 128K – 1984

Graphical User Interface

Aged -

27

Aged -

421414

Aged -

42

Aged -

441515

Aged -

44

Aged -

471616

Aged -

47

Aged -

501717

Aged -

50

Aged -

521818

Aged -

55

Aged -

521919

Aged -

56

Aged -

552020

Homebrew Computer Club

30th Anniversary in 2005 - Silicon Valley

21Aged -

5521

2222

Homebrew Computer Club

30th Anniversary in 2005 - Silicon Valley

Bill Gates and Paul Allen – Micro-Soft

Basic for Altair 8800 in 1975

2323

2424

Bill Gates and Paul Allen – Micro-Soft

Basic for Altair 8800 in 1975

Bill Gates open letter to

hobbyists – An appeal to stop

stealing software 2525

Bill Gates and Paul Allen – Micro-Soft

Basic for Altair 8800 in 1975

26

Bill Gates and Paul Allen – MiCROSOFT

MS- DOS for IBM PC in 1981

Bill Gates open letter to

hobbyists – An appeal to stop

stealing software 26

27

IBM Personal Computer

Command Line Interface

DEMONSTRATION

27

Bill Gates and Paul Allen – MiCROSOFT

MS- DOS for IBM PC in 1981

2828

Bill Gates and Paul Allen – MiCROSOFT

MS- DOS for IBM PC in 1981

2929

Key Ideas

Scientific :

Computer on a Chip

Graphical User Interface

Social :

Computation

Communication

Commerce

Symbolic :

Individual Genius

3030

Engineering in the

Modern World

Key Ideas

Scientific :

Computer on a Chip

Graphical User Interface

Social :

Computation

Communication

Commerce

Symbolic :

Individual Genius

ImmigrantsAlexander Graham Bell

Andrew Carnegie

John Von Neumann

Othmar Ammann

31

Engineering in the

Modern World

Telephone

ImmigrantsAlexander Graham Bell

Andrew Carnegie

John Von Neumann

Othmar Ammann

32

Telephone

Steel

33

Steel Iconic Suspension Bridges

34

Iconic Suspension BridgesDigital Computer

InventorsThomas Telford

Wright Brothers

Thomas Edison

Henry Bessemer

Flat Bridge

Flying Machine

Efficient Network

Strong Material

35

Digital Computer

InventorsThomas Telford

Wright Brothers

Thomas Edison

Henry Bessemer

Flat Bridge

Flying Machine

Efficient Network

Strong Material

36

37

38

PartnersJames Watt – Mathew Boulton

Robert Fulton – Robert Livingston

INVENTOR ENTREPRENEUR

39

PartnersJames Watt – Mathew Boulton

Robert Fulton – Robert Livingston

INVENTOR ENTREPRENEUR

INVENTOR

ENTREPRENEUR

40

INVENTOR

ENTREPRENEUR

41

PatentsSteamboat

Telephone

Electric Light

Airplane

Radio

Rocket

Transistor

Integrated Circuit

What are positive and

negative effects of patents ?

42

PatentsSteamboat

Telephone

Electric Light

Airplane

Radio

Rocket

Transistor

Integrated Circuit

What are positive and

negative effects of patents ?

delays competition

Bell Telephone wins

captures Edison patents

from Western Union

“War of the Currents”

delays competition

Westinghouse wins

43

delays competition

Bell Telephone wins

captures Edison patents

from Western Union

Wright Brothers Patent

delays competition

WWI – patent suspended in

national interest

44

“War of the Currents”

delays competition

Westinghouse wins

Sarnoff (RCA) fights

Armstrong FM Patents

Armstrong’s widow wins

45

Wright Brothers Patent

delays competition

WWI – patent suspended in

national interest

1964 – 50th Anniversary

of Multi-Stage Patent

Goddard not taken

seriously until the V2

46

Sarnoff (RCA) fights

Armstrong FM Patents

Armstrong’s widow wins

1956 Nobel Prize

applications in

telephone, radio, space

47

1964 – 50th Anniversary

of Multi-Stage Patent

Goddard not taken

seriously until the V2

Kilby and Noyce

share Credit and Revenue

48

1956 Nobel Prize

applications in

telephone, radio, space

Artist as EngineerTelford

Morse

Ammann

Structural Art

49

Kilby and Noyce

share Credit and Revenue

Intelligence at a distance

50

Artist as EngineerTelford

Morse

Ammann

Structural Art

Structural Artist

and Entrepreneur

51

Intelligence at a distance

Political

Entrepreneurs

Amman

Livingston

Norris

Livingston

Monroe

52

Structural Artist

and Entrepreneur

TVA Architect

Advocate for Public Power

53

Political

Entrepreneurs

Amman

Livingston

Norris

Livingston

Monroe

54

TVA Architect

Advocate for Public Power

Focus on

Whole System

Edison

Ford

Marconi

Competition with Gas Lighting

55

Assembly Line

Integrated Factory

56

Focus on

Whole System

Edison

Ford

Marconi

Competition with Gas Lighting

Assembly Line

Integrated FactoryGlobal Wireless Network

57

Global Wireless Network

58

Energy Conversion

Steam Engine

IC Engine

Jet Engine

Rocket Motor

Animal to Machine

External Combustion

Internal Combustion

Compact and Efficient

59

Energy Conversion

Steam Engine

IC Engine

Jet Engine

Rocket Motor

Animal to Machine

External Combustion

Gas Turbine

Batch to Continuous

60

Internal Combustion

Compact and Efficient

Rocket carries own O2

Power in the Vacuum of Space

61

Gas Turbine

Batch to Continuous

Government Fixes

62

Rocket carries own O2

Power in the Vacuum of Space

Port Authority Bridge

Port Authority Congested

TVA Depressed

River Compact Undeveloped

63

Government Fixes

Port Authority Bridge

Valley Authority Dam

Port Authority Congested

TVA Depressed

River Compact Undeveloped

River Compact Dam

Flood Control and Electric Power

64

Valley Authority Dam

Daring ‘Firsts’

Water

Air

Space

First Trip - Colorado River

65

River Compact Dam

Flood Control and Electric Power

First Flight - Heavier than Air

66

Daring ‘Firsts’

Water

Air

Space

First Trip - Colorado River

67

Faster than Sound

bullet-shaped rocket planeFirst Flight - Heavier than Air

First Earth Orbit

68

Faster than Sound

bullet-shaped rocket plane

69

First Earth Orbit

70

Society Transformed

Railroad

Telephone

Automobile

Airplane

Canal

Computer

Continent Crossed - 1869

Iron Road

71

Society Transformed

Railroad

Telephone

Automobile

Airplane

Canal

Computer

Continent Crossed - 1869

Iron Road

Continent Crossed – 1915

Copper Wire

72

Continent Crossed – 1915

Copper WireRoads replace Rails

Asphalt, Concrete, and Steel

73

Travel Farther and Faster

Airplanes made of Aluminum

powered by Kerosene

Roads replace Rails

Asphalt, Concrete, and Steel

Uniting the Oceans

Uniting the Continents

Bridges, Locks, and Dams

made of Steel and Concrete

74

Travel Farther and Faster

Airplanes made of Aluminum

powered by Kerosene

Global and Fast

Information Age

made of Silicon and Glass

75

Uniting the Oceans

Uniting the Continents

Bridges, Locks, and Dams

made of Steel and Concrete

Global and Fast

Information Age

made of Silicon and Glass

76

How do Innovations

Happen?

Scientific :

applied science

Social :

motivation - transformation

- economics

- politics

- culture

Symbolic :

individual genius