steve holmes and brendan casey dpf project x forum august 10, 2011

Steve Holmes and Brendan CaseyDPF Project X Forum

August 10, 2011

Project X: A 5 MW Proton Accelerator Accelerator and Particle Physics

Project X Mission Elements

• A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV

• High intensity, low energy protonsfor kaon, muon, and neutrino basedprecision experiments Operations simultaneous with the

neutrino program• A path toward a muon source for

possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV

• Possible missions beyond EPP Standard Model Tests with nuclei and energy applications

DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 20112

Project X Reference Design


3 MW @ 3 GeV200 kW @ 8 GeV2 MW @ 120 GeV

Reference Design Capabilities

• 3 GeV CW superconducting H- linac with 1 mA average beam current.

Flexible provision for variable beam structures to multiple users• CW at time scales >1 msec, 10% DF at <1 msec

Supports rare processes programs @ 3 GeV/3 MW Provision for 1 GeV extraction for nuclear energy program

• 3-8 GeV pulsed linac capable of delivering 350 kW at 8 GeV Supports neutrino program @ 80 – 200 kW Establishes a path toward a muon based facility

• Upgrades to the Recycler and Main Injector to provide ≥ 2 MW to the neutrino production target at 60-120 GeV.

Þ Utilization of a CW linac creates a facility that is unique in the world, with performance that cannot be matched in a synchrotron-based facility.


Performance Goals


LinacParticle Type H-

Beam Kinetic Energy 3.0 GeVAverage Beam Current 1 mALinac pulse rate CWBeam Power 3000 kWBeam Power to 3 GeV program 2870 kW

Pulsed LinacParticle Type H-

Beam Kinetic Energy 8.0 GeVPulse rate 10 HzPulse Width 4.4 msecCycles to MI 6Particles per cycle to MI 2.61013

Beam Power to 8 GeV 350 kWUpgraded Beam Power to 8 GeV 4 MW

Main Injector/RecyclerBeam Kinetic Energy (maximum) 120 GeVCycle time 1.4 secParticles per cycle 1.61014

Beam Power at 120 GeV 2200 kW

simultaneous

Siting


CW Linac

8 GeV Linac

3 GeV Experimental Area

Beam Configurations3 GeV Operating Scenario

1 msec period at 3 GeVMuon pulses (16e7) 81.25 MHz, 100 nsec @ 1MHz

700 kWKaon pulses (16e7) 20.3 MHz

1540 kWNuclear pulses (16e7) 10.15 MHz

770 kW

Separation scheme

Ion source and RFQ operate at 4.2 mA75% of bunches are chopped @ 2.5 MeV maintain 1 mA over 1 msec

Transverse rf splitter1 msec

Beam Configurations3 GeV Operating Scenario

1 msec period at 3 GeVMuon pulses (16e7) 81.25 MHz, 100 nsec @ 1MHz

700 kWKaon pulses (16e7) 20.3 MHz

1540 kWNuclear pulses (16e7) 10.15 MHz

770 kW

Separation scheme

Ion source and RFQ operate at 4.2 mA75% of bunches are chopped @ 2.5 MeV maintain 1 mA over 1 msec

Transverse rf splitter0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0

Num

ber

of io

ns p

er b

unch

, (e7

)

Time, us


R&D Program

• The primary elements of the R&D program include: Development of a wide-band chopper

• Capable of removing bunches in arbitrary patterns at a 162.5 MHz bunch rate

Development of an H- injection system • Require between 4.4 – 26 msec injection period, depending on

pulsed linac operating scenario Superconducting rf development

• Includes six different cavity types at three different frequencies• Emphasis is on Q0, rather than high gradient

• Typically 1.5E10, 15 MV/m (CW)• 1.0E10, 25 MV/m (pulsed)

• Includes appropriate rf sources• Includes development of partners

• Goal is to complete R&D phase by 2015

10

Status and Timeline

• Pre-conceptual design and R&D activities are well supported

Reference Design Report released fall 2010http://projectx-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/ShowDocument?docid=776 Substantial R&D efforts on

• sc accelerating structures• linac front end and chopper• rf sources• H- injection

• Approval of CD-0 (“Mission Need”) under discussion with DOE

• Project X could be constructed over a five year period• We could be ready to start construction in FY2016


Collaboration

• A multi-institutional collaboration has been established to execute the Project X RD&D Program.

Organized as a “national project with international participation”• Fermilab as lead laboratory• International participation established via bi-lateral MOUs.

Collaboration MOUs for the RD&D phase outlines basic goals, and the means of organizing and executing the work. Signatories:ANL ORNL/SNS BARC/MumbaiBNL MSU IUAC/DelhiCornell TJNAF RRCAT/IndoreFermilab SLAC VECC/KolkataLBNL ILC/ART

• R&D responsibilities aligned with expected assignments during the construction phase.


12

Summary(http://projectx.fnal.gov)

• Project X is central to Fermilab’s strategy for development of the accelerator complex over the coming decade

World leading programs in neutrinos and rare processes Potential platform for future Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider Potential applications beyond elementary particle physics

• The design concept has been stable for more than 18 months 5 MW total beam power

• 2 MW to the neutrino program at 60-120 GeV• 3 MW to the rare processes program• 200 kW to 8 GeV program

Flexible provision for variable beam formats to multiple users• CW linac is unique for this application, and offers capabilities that would be

hard/impossible to duplicate in a synchrotron• R&D program underway targeting critical technologies and very significant

investment in srf infrastructure and development• Project X could be constructed over the period ~2016 – 2020

National project with international participation• More from Bob Tschirhart today at 2:00



mn

Ns

Physics @ Project X• Understand new TeV scale physics with the

highest precision measurements 104 TeV sensitivity with muons and Kaons

• Ground breaking, game changing discoveries Charged lepton flavor violation Neutrino CP Violation Permanent electric dipole moments

• Core measurements Understand anomalies in neutrino physics Nuclear physics

• Understand how accelerators can tackle global problems

Nuclear waste transmutation test facility


104 TeV

102 TeV

1 TeV

1016 GeV

10-20 eV

LHC

mK

EDMs

n


birth

childhood

teenage

maturity

generations of physics around the world

2007: International steering group, workshops, P5

Optimizing the program

Mature concept, international participation

Steve’s Project X slide


My Project X slide


2 MW @ 60-120 GeVUp to few hundred kW

@ 8 GeV

LBNEg-2, mEDM

Short baseline n factory

K+K0

Rare isotopes, EDMs

Nuclear energy and waste transmutation test facility

1 GeV available

~3 MW high duty factor @ 3 GeV

mNeNmEDM

meg, eeem+e-m-e+

Nearly all experiments at the

same time!


n

nd

s

Project X Kaons

Kaon Program• Goal:

Study new TeV physics discovered at the LHC, particularly couplings and symmetries scale inaccessible to the LHC

Probe flavor dynamics well above the the TeV scale

• Tools: Precision measurements of K+p +n n and K0p 0n n Unique sensitivity due to small and well understood SM rate

• Why Project X: Only planned machine that can deliver order 1000 event samples in

both modes at the SM branching fractionDPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 201119

1100

11

10)06.039.043.2()(

10)29.075.081.7()(-

-++

nnp

nnp

KB

KB

Bryman, Marciano, Tschirhart, Yamanaka (2011)

K+p +nn


1st 2nd 3rd generation at BNL = 7 event data sample

Can get first few 100 starting with beam from Main Injector

BNL E787 event display

O(1000) evt sample possible at Project X

K0p 0nn


Pico-bunches

Pencil beam

Pointing

200 events per year possible with Project X

meets

Very large hole in understanding TeV scale without this measurement

Other Kaon measurements


Enormous data sets + multipurpose detectors = lots of physics

Plus many more


m

N

e

Project X Muons

N

Muon Program• Goal:

Discover charged lepton flavor violation Understand the underlying symmetry breaking mechanism

• Tools: Flavor conserving observables

• g-2… Flavor violating observables

• mNeN, meg, meee, meem CP violating observables

• Electron and Muon EDMs

• Why Project X: Greatest flexability of any planned muon source Enough statistics to have a rich program beyond discovery


mmmmmm

ee

eeeeNew set of operators:

Discovering Lepton Flavor Violation


N

m e

pe mm

• Theoretical advantage:

• unique sensitivity to several mechanisms of flavor violation

Best chance for an unambiguous, background free discovery is the mNeN process

Experimental advantage:Monochromatic e above Michel endpoint

From Marciano:

Discovering lepton flavor violation with Project X


Build on the lessons learned

from Mu2e

Beyond Discovery


Once lepton flavor violation is discovered, Project X would allow a diverse , precision LFV program to disentangle underlying physics

Conversion rate vrs target Z for mNeN

Vector current

Scalar current

dipole

Ratio of meg / mNeN

tan b

negative sign(m)

positive sign(m)

SUSY: B(meg) 100 × B(meee)

Little Higgs: B(meg) B(meee) DF2: m-e+e-m +

The muon challenge

• The physics case is established

• The community and funding agencies are interested and listening

• The statistics are there with Project X

• Biggest issues are large number of challenges to mounting these experiments

Nothing set in stone New ideas more than welcome Unique flexibility at Project X to mount almost any type of experiment

• Rare opportunity to make an enormous difference even at the level of defining the experiment

Gateway into the field is participation in g-2 and mu2e


“In the field of opportunity it’s plowing time again”

-Neil Young


E s

Project X EDMs

w

EDM program• Goal

Discover EDMs or set the most stringent constraints

• Tools The ideal atoms: Nuclear EDM:

• large octuple deformation Electron EDM:

• High Z alkali metals

• Why Project X The ideal atoms have short lifetimes The ISOL facility at Project X can produce greater than 1012 isotopes

per second compared to ~108/s in reactors


Protons Th

Ra

Rn

Fr

Good atomic EDM candidates


Octupole deformed nucleus for nuclear EDMs

225Ra

2 to 3 orders of magnitude enhancement compared to Hg

Alkali metals with outer electron in S wave for electron EDMs

211Fr

)(10

)(3

211

ed

Frd

Order of magnitude sensitivity

compared to Cs

ANL exp PRL 98, 093001 (2007)

Dobaczewski, Engel PRL 94, 232502 (2005)


e

Project X Neutrinos

m

nm

ne

Neutrino Program• Goal:

Discover new source of CP violation and new flavor symmetries Understand neutrinos to maximize their potential as a tool of science Precision physics through neutrino interferometry

• Tools: Large detectors Well defined initial state variable L/E

• Why Project X: 10 years with Project X = 30 years without Project X


Pow

er (M

W)

Energy (GeV)

60 120

0.7

2.3

Booster based

Project X

nm spectrum

ne excess

q13 and CPV

Interferometry


nm deficit

Precision q23

New ultra weak interaction

Mass hierarchy

nm

ne,m, n3

n2

n1

Expanded 8 GeV program


Want high power, short baseline to cover this

Want high stats at low E to cover 2nd max

(why we have WBB)

Low energy m storage ring

for this Upgraded power at 8 GeV for high low E rate

https://indico.fnal.gov/event/sbnw2011

G. Mention

A. Bross, NuFact’11

nS

Punchline


To get from here

to here

is 10 years with Project X and 30 years without

Project X

Grateful acknowledgment to Sam Zeller for help with this

section


Project X Opportunities

Physics detectors

DAQ accelerators

Discoveries, precision measurements,

Large # of thesis topics

Low mass tracking, ultra precise calorimetry, large

area PMTs, LAr…

compact front end, digitize everything, store everything…

SCRF, cold m and n, n factories, m colliders, ADS, transmutation…

steve holmes and brendan casey dpf project x forum august 10, 2011

Documents

gev2 mw

muon colliderrequires

variable beam structures

ma average beam current

gev possible missions

low energy protonsfor

theneutrino programa

flexible provision