sterf’s program on integrated pest management overview and ... · overview and project examples...

28.05.2015

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STERF’s Program on

Integrated Pest Management

Overview and project examples

Trygve S. Aamlid

CONTACT MEETING BETWEEN STERF AND NATIONAL

AUTHORITIES, COPENHAGEN 27 MAY 2015

Content1. Short introduction to Bioforsk Turfgrass Research Group

2. Importance of the turf and golf industry in the Nordic countries

3. STERF’s IPM programme of 2010: Background, content,

principles, communication project

4. Major challenges for the Nordic turfgrass industry:

Weeds, insects, diseases

5. Examples of STERF projects within IPM

1. Proejcts focusing on pathogens

2. Projects focusing on strong and resistant turfgrass

species/varieties

3. Projects focusing on non-herbicide weed control

4. Projects focusing on biological control

5. Proejcts focusing on sustainable use of fungicides

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3. STERF’s IPM programme of 2010: Background, content,

principles, communication project




1. Proejcts focusing on pathogens


species/varieties


4. Projects focusing on biological control of diseases

5. Projcts focusing on sustainable use of fungicides

Trond Tanja Jan Trygve Wendy Agnar

Maternity

leave until 1

July 2016

Temporary (?)

postion from

1 June 2015:

Sara C. Gil

19 søkere

til vikar-

stilling

Bioforsk Turfgrass

Research Group

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Landvik

Apelsvoll

Bioforsk’s

centres for

turfgrass

research

NIBIONorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

1 July 2015:

Norway’s second largest research institute, c. 700

employees

Turfgrass research organized as part of a new Section for Urban Greening and Environmental engineering

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Many types of turf – a

significant industry1. Sports turf: Football, baseball, tennis,

horserace, polo, golf etc.

2. Public park, playgrounds,

recreational areas

3. Private gardens / lawns

4. Extensive, ‘utility’ turf: Road and

railroad verges, industrial areas, military

areas, set a side land

Norway: 200.000 ha turf = 20 % of agricultural land

The five Nordic countries:

Some GOLF facts

Golf union

members

Total

Finland ca. 140.000 ca. 160

Sweden ca. 480.000 ca. 470

Denmark ca. 150.000 ca. 150

Norway ca. 110.000 ca. 160

Iceland ca. 20.000 ca. 60

Total ca. 900.000 ca. 1000

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1000 golf courses x 60 ha = 60.000 ha



3. STERF’s IPM program of 2010: Background, content, principles,

communication project




1. Projects focusing on pathogens


species/varieties




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STERF’s first R&D

program, 2010

Background:

EU’s IPM Directive

2009/128/EU: A

framework for

community action for

sustainable use of

pesticides

EU Council Directive 128/2009/EU:

Member States shall, having due regard for the necessary hygiene

and public health requirements and biodiversity, or the results of

relevant risk assessments, ensure that the use of pesticides is minimised

or prohibited in certain specific areas. Appropriate risk

management measures shall be taken and the use of low-risk

plant protection products as defined in Regulation (EC) No

1107/2009 and biological control measures shall be considered

in the first place. The specific areas in question are:

(a) areas used by the general public or by vulnerable groups as

defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009,

such as public parks and gardens, sports and recreation grounds,

school grounds and children’s playing areas.

Relevance of IPM for

golf courses and other turfgrass areas

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Program synopsis (2010)• Background:

– EU’s IPM directive and the Swedish Government’s target: A pesticide free

envionment

– IPM principles and how they can be applied on turf

• Society’s benefits and responsibities

• The need for public funding of research and tecnology transfer – in all

sectors (beyond agriculture)

• Golf sector’s responsibilities

• Outcome of a workshop: The need for IPM at all levels: Design,

construction, renovation, maintenance, golfers’ attitudes

• Pesticide availabiliy and use as of 2010

• Surveys showing much lower pesticide use per unit area in golf than in

agriculture

• Few products – old chemistries – agricultural formulations

• Plans for documentation and communication

• Fact sheets, teaching materials, IPM section on STERF’s website

– Knowlegde gaps and need for research

The IPM programme was soon followed up with a Communication project for the park and golf sector2010 - 2011

AimNew knowledge in an IPM perspective

Outcomes Web based library IPM Framework 20 fact sheets Seminars in Sweden Norway and Denmark

More than 350 participants

Fact sheets

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IPM Communication project part I- Park and golf Sector

Target group• Park sport and golf facilities• Authorities on local, regional and national level• Education organisations

Funding STERF, Swedish Board of Agriculture,

Danish Ministry of Education Total investment €100 000

Fact sheets

What is IPM ?

• Integrated Pest Management

• Intelligent Plant Management

IPM vs. PFM(Pesticide Free Mangement)

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?

• Preventive measures must be used or supported.

• Forecasting and early warning methods must be used where

available.

• Decisions on pest management measures must be preceded

by monitoring in the field.

• The use of pest management measures must be tailored to

requirements – in the first instance non-chemical methods

must be preferred to chemical.

• When chemical methods are used, the use of chemicals must

be limited, the most target-specific pesticide must be selected

and account must be taken of the risk of resistance.

• The success of the pest management measures implemented

should be monitored on the basis of the documentation carried

out.

IPM principles

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The IPM triangle

Pest = unwanted organism

Weeds, fungi, bacteria, insects, nematodes

Injury










species/varieties




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What are the major challenges

for Nordic turfgrass managers ?

• Weeds (5 fact sheets)

• Diseases (6 fact sheets)

• Insects (1 fact sheet)

Weeds: Plant in wrong place

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Tekst starter uden punktopstilling

For at få punkt-opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning

For at få venstre-stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning

Overskrift her

For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”:

Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”.Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod

Pesticide use on golf courses in Denmark

After: Anne Mette Dahl Jensen

Distribution of pesticides on area type Pesticide use on fairways

Kg active compound

Weeds in fescue-dominated fairway,

Smørum GK, Copenhagen

White clover

Perennial ryegrass

Bellis

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Dandelion

White clover

Stellaria

Weeds in fairway, Landvik

Plantains

Poa annua – friend or foe ?

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Moss – another important weed in turf

1. Winter active pathogens

Hørsholm, GK, Denmark, spring 2010Foto: Jacob Aakjær

The most important diseases

on Nordic golf courses

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Pink snow mold (Microdochium nivale)

Foto T. Espevig

Gray snow mold (Typhula spp.)

Foto T. Espevig

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The most important diseases

on Nordic golf courses

2. In-season

diseases

Microdochium patch in difffernt grass

species on greens, Landvik

In annual

bluegrass

(Poa annua)

In red fescue

(Festuca rubra) In bentgrass

(Agrostis sp.)

SCANGREEN 2011-2014, Landvik

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Microdochium patch

Antracnose (Colletotrichum graminicola)

Foto T. Espevig

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Pythium spp.

Foto T. Espevig

Take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis)

Foto T. Espevig

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What are the most important turfgrass

diseases in Scandinavia ?

INSECTSGarden Chafer (Phyllopertha horticola):

The most important insect

pest on Scandinavian Golf Courses

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Garden chafers:

Problem mainly on fairways on light soils

Foto: Hans Peter Ravn

Fairway, Hjørring GC, Denmark

Secondary damage due to birds

Foto: Hans Peter Ravn

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species/varieties


4. Projects focusing on biological control of diseases

5. Projects focusing on sustainable use of fungicides

Projects related to the biology / epidemology of target

organisms:

• Improved strategy for control of Microdochium nivale

on golf courses, 2006-2008

• Identification and risk assessment of dollar spot

(Schlerotinia homeocarpa) on Scandinavian golf

courses, 2014-2016

•

Examples of finished and ongoing

IPM projects funded by STERF

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April May June September

Findings in STERF’s Microdochium- project(Anne-Marte Tronsmo & Ingerd S. Hofgaard)

• Pink snow mold and microdichium patch are caused by the same strains of

Microdochoum nivale (Microdochium majus less common on turf)

• M. nivale survives from year ot year in the same spots, but the outbreak of

disease depends on environmental conditions. The amount of inoculum in

the spots may be reduced by antagonistic fungi or bacteria ?

Dollar spot

Schlerotinia homeocarpa

?

(Smørum GC,

10.okt 2012)

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Espevig, T., M.B. Brurberg & A. Kvalbein 2014.

First Report of Dollar Spot, Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa,

of Creeping Bentgrass in Norway

Plant Disease 99 (2): 287

Losby GC, Oslo, Norway

Official

Norwegain

name:

MYNTFLEKK

Conclusions of ‘B.Sc. thesis’:

• Compared growth of local isolates of

Scherotinia homeocarpa from Gävle and

Uppsala at 6, 15 and 21 °C. Most severe

disease development at 6 °C.

• Link between geographical origin of an

isolate and its optimum temperature for

disease development, which suggests that

the isolates have adapted to the Nordic

environment

• It is very likely that dollar spot has gained a

foothold in Scandinavia, and that it is here

to stay !

STERF-project 2014-2016: Identification and risk

assessment of dollar spot in Scandinavia

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STERF proejct 2014: • Samples collected from 13 Swedish, 11 Danish

and 2 Norwegian golf courses

• Dollar spot identified in 7, 4 and 1 samples, respectively.

• Molecular analyses showed two distinct genetic groups:

Dollar spot at

Sorø GC, Denmark, September 2014

Photo: Karin Normann Petersen

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Projects related to ‘strength’ of the turfgrass host: Disease resistance and

competition against weeds

• SCANGREEN: Turfgrass variety testing for golf greens with emphasis on

disease resistance and weed competition (2003-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-

2014)

• FESCUE GREEN: Best management of red fescue golf greens for high

sustainablity and playability, 2011-2014



Loliumperenne

Festucarubra

Agrostiscapillaris

Agrostiscanina

Agrostisstolonifera

Poatrivialis

Norwegian breeding lines of

Festuca rubra

SCANTURF and SCANGREEN: Finding species

and varieties that are resistant to diseases

and competitive to weeds

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SCANTURF AND SCANGREEN

variety testing1. SCANGREEN: Testing og species and varieties for golf

greens, mowing height 3-5 mm. Funded by STERF + variety entrance fees. New trials starting everyfourth year: 1007, 2011, 2015, 2019……..

2. SCANTURF: Testing of species and varieties for short-cut lawns and football pitches. 100% funded by the private seed sector throughenterance fees. Testing period: Sowing year + threeevaluation years. New trials starting in odd numneryears: 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017………..

www.scanturf.org

T

T

Sørlig,

kystnær

sone

Nordlig,

kontinental

sone

Apelsvoll

Landvik

Landvik

(SCANTURF &

SCANGREEN)

X Korpa GC, Reykjavik

(SCANGREEN)

Apelsvoll

(SCANGREEN)

Sydsjælland GC (SCANGREEN)

Ylistaro

(SCANTURF)

Tystofte (SCANTURF)

SCANTURF AND SCANGREEN

test sites

http://www.scanturf.org/

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Bentgrasses

Fescues

Pink snow mold in SCANGREEN

at Landvik in spring 2008

But there is hope, even in the

bentgrasses

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Resistance to M.nivale in creeping bentgrass

varieties, SCANGREEN 2011-2014

Barcrown FRL

Moccasin FRL

Wilma FRC

Carina

FRC

Frida

FRC

Bargreen

FRC

SCANTURF Landvik, May 2006

Suceptibility to snow molds in red fescues

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Double

(tetraploid)

VesuviusCyrena

Clementine Bargold

Resistance to gray snow mold (Typhula

incarnata, Landvik 3 May 2013

SCANTURF: Testing of perennial ryegrass

varieties for short cut lawn

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FESCUE: Lord of the Rings ?

Fescue + bent Pure fescue

Landvik, Sept. 2014

Creeping bentgrass: Higher density

and more aggressive horizontal

growth – less chance for weeds

Strong grasses that resist

invasion of weeds

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7D

en

sit

y(1

-9)

/ %

mo

ss

% moss by end of trial Density (1-9)

SCANGREEN, red fescue:

High density varieties

have less weeds

The suitability of

various species for

IPM management

is summarized in

STERF’s guide to

turfgrass species

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Species

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Agrostis canina 7 9 7 7 8 4 3 5 4 8 6 7 4

A. capilliaris 6 6* 5* 6* 4 5 5 3 3 7 6 3 2

A. stolonifera 6 8 5 6 4 7 8 5 5 8 4 3 5

Desc. cespitosa 3 5 4 8 4 6 1 5 9 3 8 3 4

Festuca ovina 2 6 8 5* 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 8 5

Festuca rubra

ssp. commutata 4 6 7 7 4 4 1 4 8 5 7 6 6

ssp. litoralis 4 6 7 5 6 4 3 5 7 5 7 7 7

-lange utløpere 4 4 6 5* 5* 4 5 3 6 4 7 8 6

F. trachyphylla 3 6 7 5 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 9 5

Lolium perenne 8 4 5 3 7 8 2 8 7 4 5 6 8

L. multiflorum 9 3 4 1 8 8 2 8 7 3 5 5 8

Poa annua 8 5 5 2 5 8 3 4 2 7 6 1 2

Poa pratensis 2 3 3 8 4 7 8 7 6 2 3 4 3

Poa supina 5 5 5 6 4 7 8 7 6 5 7 4 3

Poa trivialis 7 6 7 3 8 6 5 3 5 7 8 3 3

The Nordic Turfgrass Guide’s ranking of 16

species/subspecies for 13 various characters (1-9)

• Descampsia caespitosa

• Festuca rubra, F. trachyphylla, F. ovina

• Lolium perenne

• Poa pratensis

• Agrostis stolonifera

• Agrostis canina

• Agrostis capillaris

• Poa annua

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Ranking of turfgrasses for

resistance to

in-season diseases

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Species

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Agrostis canina 7 9 7 7 8 4 3 5 4 8 6 7 4

A. capilliaris 6 6* 5* 6* 4 5 5 3 3 7 6 3 2

A. stolonifera 6 8 5 6 4 7 8 5 5 8 4 3 5

Desc. cespitosa 3 5 4 8 4 6 1 5 9 3 8 3 4

Festuca ovina 2 6 8 5* 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 8 5

Festuca rubra

ssp. commutata 4 6 7 7 4 4 1 4 8 5 7 6 6

ssp. litoralis 4 6 7 5 6 4 3 5 7 5 7 7 7

-lange utløpere 4 4 6 5* 5* 4 5 3 6 4 7 8 6

F. trachyphylla 3 6 7 5 4 2 1 1 7 4 6 9 5

Lolium perenne 8 4 5 3 7 8 2 8 7 4 5 6 8

L. multiflorum 9 3 4 1 8 8 2 8 7 3 5 5 8

Poa annua 8 5 5 2 5 8 3 4 2 7 6 1 2

Poa pratensis 2 3 3 8 4 7 8 7 6 2 3 4 3

Poa supina 5 5 5 6 4 7 8 7 6 5 7 4 3

Poa trivialis 7 6 7 3 8 6 5 3 5 7 8 3 3

The Nordic Turfgrass Guide’s ranking of 16

species/subspecies for 13 various characters (1-9)

STERF’s project

FESCUE GREEN

Optimal management of red fescue putting

greens for sustainability and playability

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• Overall good diseaseresistance

• Low N requirements

• Good drought tolerance

• Slow growth – less mowing

Red fescue, the ideal low-input species

for Nordic turfgrass areas

Photo: Stefan Nilsson

Projects related to non-herbicide weed control

• Weed control on fairways without herbicides, 2008-14

• Dandelion management at Värpinge golf course, 2014-2016

• Overseeding of fairways: A strategy for less weeds, 2011-2015



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Mechnical control

Photo: Anne Mette Dahl Jensen

Conclusions from testing of mechanical methods for

weed control on football stadiums and golf courses• Harrowing, vertical cutting, fertilizer, topdressing

• Mechanical methods have no immediate

immediate effect and limited effect

even in the long run

• Combination of methods may work

against specific weeds

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Overskrift her



Alternative methods that might

work locally

Weed burning

Grazing

Stripping

Controlling earthworm cast

Thistles

Dandelions Bellis

Thistles

Clover

Clover

Dandelions

Differentiated management of weed

- Map the weed problem areas

Knowledge gap:

Biology of perennial weeds in short-cut turfgrass areas

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Overskrift her



STERF proejct on mechanical

control of dandelions at Värpinge

Golf Cource, Skåne

• Vertical cutting - does not

remove the dandelions, but the

plants appears smaller when

exposed to scarifying frequently

(5-8 time /year) in a 4 year

period.

• We have to lieve with the

dandelions, but a reduction in

size improves playing quality Foto, Håkan Rasmusson

Different timing for overseeding of perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bleygrass and reed fescue

STERF’s project: ‘Overseeding of fairways

for finer turf with less Poa annua and

broadleaved weeds’

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Preliminary conclusion:

Regular overseeding of perennial ryegrass makes fairways

more competitive to weeds under Danish conditions

Projects related to disease control: Alternative products and more sustainable

use of fungicides

• Testing of alternative products for the control of Microdochium nivale on

golf greens

• Induction of resistance to Microdochium nivale using Civitas mineral oil. •



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Arendal GCX

Bioforsk Landvik

X

Sydsjælland GC

Kävlinge GCXX

Rungsted GC

Five field trials,

2011-2014,

funded mainly

by Danish EPA

BIO-CONTROL: Alternative products for control of

Microdochium nivale, 2011-2014

Objectives

• To provide documentation according to ‘Good

Experimental Practice’ standards for potential

registration of Turf S+ (a bacterial product containing

Streptomyces) and Turf G+/WPG (a fungal product

containing Gliocladium catenulatum), both from

Interagro BIOS AB, and Vacciplant (a seaweed product

containing laminarine) from Nordisk Alkali AB, for use

on golf courses

• To find the most optimal way of using the product(s)

for the control of M. nivale and other turfgrass

pathogens and disseminate this knowledge to

greenkeepers in the Nordic countries

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Nordic group evaluating trial

at Kävlinge GC, Sweden

21 March 2013

Rung-

sted,

DK

Syd-

sjælland Kävlinge, S

Land-

vik., NOverall

mean

%

Control of

disease2011 2014 2013 2014 2014

1. Unsprayed

control 36 1 33 13 8 18 a 0

2. Fungicide 3 0 0 1 1 1 b 95

3. Turf G+/WPG 35 0.4 38 10 7 18 a 1

4. Turf S +/WSP 40 0.6 37 15 9 20 a -12

5. Turf G+/WPG +

Turf S+/WSP 41 0.3 40 16 7 21 a -15

6. Vacciplant,

1.0 liter ha-1 28 0.4 38 14 10 18 a 1

7. Vacciplant,

2.0 liter ha-1 31 0.5 47 16 9 21 a -14

The overall results were

unfortunately negative

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Landvik, 25 Feb. 2014, after 5 weeks of snow cover

Vacciplant, 2 l/haTurf WPG

Vacciplant, 1 l/ha Turf S+/WSP

Turf WPG +

Turf S+/WSPDelaro (fungicide control)

Unsprayed control Vacciplant, 1 l/ha

New project 2014-2017: Induction of

resistance to M.nivale in turfgrass

species and cultivars using ‘Civitas’

mineral oil

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Collaboration with Canadian scientists

and Petro Canada

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Screening trials with Civitas-treatment

and inoculation with M.nivale in lab.,

Ontario, Canada and Landvik, Norway

Field (GEP) trials, Denmark,

Sweden, Norway

From Sydsjælland GC:

Photo Klaus Paaske

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Photo Klaus Paaske

The preliminary results at Sydsjælland were so promising

that they established an additional demo trial

Photo: Magnus Ljungman

Evaluation of more sustainable

(use of) fungicides,

Österåker GK, Stockholm

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Example: Efficacy of 2 vs. 3 fungicide

applications before winter, Landvik

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

30.0

9.2

01

1

28.1

0.2

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M.n

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of

plo

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rea

Ikke soppmiddel: 0 + 0 + 0

Headway + 0 + Headway

Medallion + 0 + Medallion

Headway + 0 + Medallion

Headway + Medallion +Medallion

Fungicide 13 Oct. + 2 Nov. + 28 Nov.:

Snow cover

What control levels can be achieved with

increasing number of fungicide

applications before winter ?

• 1 well-timed application: ca 70 % control

• 2 well-times applications: ca90 % control

• 3 well timed applications: >95 % control

Decreasing benefit with increasing application number

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GREENCAST: Evaluation of Syngenta’s

GREENCAST prediction model for fungicide

application against M.nivale under Nordic

conditions

Headway, Medallion, new

fungicides

STERF projects on fungicide leakage from

sand-based golf greens, 2006-2010

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Lysimeters filled with two different

rootzone compositions:

1. Straight USGA-spec. sand

2. USGA-spec sand with and 20%

garden compost (GM: Green Mix)

Experimental plan

FACTOR 1: Root zone

1. Straight sand

2. Green Mix (garden compost)

FAKTOR 2: Fungicide applications in Sept. and Oct.,

A. Unsprayed control

B. Prochloraz (Sportak EW), 1 L (0.45 kg a.i.) ha-1

C. Azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Amistar Duo),

1 L = 0.20 + 0.125 kg a.i. ha-1

D. Trifloxystrobin + propiconazol (Stratego 250 EC),

1 L= 0.125 + 0.125 kg a.i. ha-1

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Detection of fungicides in drain discharge, μg/LStraight sand root zones

0-48 h after application

Drain discharge: 14 mm

2 – 25 days after application


Pro

klor

az

Azoxy

stro

bin

Tri

floxy-

strobin

Propi

cona

zol

Pro

klor

az

Azoxy

stro-

bin

Tri-

floxy-

strobin

Propi

cona

zol

Unsprayed 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

Sportak EW

(prochloraz)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Amistar Duo

(Aoxyst. + propic.)

0.00 2.15 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02

Stratego 250 EC

(Triflox. + propic.)

0.00 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.03

EU no effect limit 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13

0-48 h after application


2 – 25 days after application

Drain discharge : 61 mm

Pro

klor

az

Azoxy

stro

bin

Tri

floxy-

strobin

Propi

cona

zol

Pro

klor

az

Azoxy

stro-

bin

Tri-

floxy-

strobin

Propi

cona

zol

Unsprayed 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sportak EW

(prochloraz)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Amistar Duo

(Aoxyst. + propic.)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.13

Stratego 250 EC

(Triflox. + propic.)

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

EU no effect limit 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13 0.44 0.90 0.19 0.13

Detection of fungicides in drain discharge, μg/LGreen Mix root zones (compost)

28.05.2015

49

Conclusions• Leakage can be practically eliminated by

increasing the amount of organic matter in the

sand-based rootzone. (What about thatch ?)

• The risk is further reduced by regular application

of soil surfactants (wetting agents)

• Great variation among fungicides in risk for

leakage. Urgent need for more studies into

fludioxonil (Medallion/Switch) and other new

products

• More information in SYNOPSIS at www.sterf.org

STERF has a number of proejcts and puts a high

emphasis on communcation and ‘Ready to use

research’.

We would like to collaborate more with the

national environmental authorities in the Nordic

countries on the implementation of IPM

Thanks for your

attention !

sterf’s program on integrated pest management overview and ... · overview and project examples...

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