Stem & Spelling Stem & Spelling Changing VerbsChanging Verbs

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs Stem-changing Verbs have Stem-changing Verbs have the same endings as regular the same endings as regular verbs. verbs.

In the In the present tensepresent tense, , however, their however, their stemsstems change change in all forms except in all forms except nosotrosnosotros and and vosotrosvosotros forms. forms.

These verbs are commonly These verbs are commonly referred to as “boot verbs.”referred to as “boot verbs.”

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs There are some –ar, -er, There are some –ar, -er, & -ir verbs that have a & -ir verbs that have a stem change of stem change of eeieie in in the boot.the boot.

These verbs are:These verbs are: cerrar – to closecerrar – to close comenzar – to begincomenzar – to begin empezar – to beginempezar – to begin

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs encender – to turn onencender – to turn on entender – to understandentender – to understand nevar – to snownevar – to snow pensar – to think, to planpensar – to think, to plan perder – to loseperder – to lose preferir – to preferpreferir – to prefer querer – to wantquerer – to want

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs recomendar – to recomendar – to recommendrecommend

sugerir – to suggestsugerir – to suggest

comenzar – to begin comenzar – to begin (e(eie)ie)

comienzocomienzascomienza

comenzamoscomenzáiscomienzan

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs There are some –ar, -er, There are some –ar, -er, & -ir verbs that have a & -ir verbs that have a stem change of stem change of ooueue in in the boot.the boot.

These verbs are:These verbs are: almorzar – to eat lunchalmorzar – to eat lunch contar – to countcontar – to count costar – to costcostar – to cost

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs devolver – to return devolver – to return (something)(something)

dormir – to sleepdormir – to sleep encontrar – to findencontrar – to find jugar (ujugar (uue) – to playue) – to play llover – to rainllover – to rain morir – to diemorir – to die

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs mover – to movemover – to move poder – to be able to (“can”)poder – to be able to (“can”) probar – to taste, to tryprobar – to taste, to try recordar – to rememberrecordar – to remember soñar (con)– to dream aboutsoñar (con)– to dream about volar – to flyvolar – to fly volver – to return, come backvolver – to return, come back

dormir – to sleep dormir – to sleep (o(oue)ue)

duermo

duermes

duerme

dormimos

dormís

duermen

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs There are some There are some -ir-ir verbs verbs that have a stem change that have a stem change of of eeii in the boot. in the boot.

These verbs are:These verbs are: pedir – to ask forpedir – to ask for reír – to laughreír – to laugh repetir – to repeatrepetir – to repeat

Stem-Changing VerbsStem-Changing Verbs seguir – to continue, seguir – to continue, followfollow

corregir – to correctcorregir – to correct elegir – to choose, electelegir – to choose, elect sonreír – to smilesonreír – to smile

pedir – to ask for (epedir – to ask for (ei)i)

pido

pides

pide

pedimos

pedís

piden

reír – to laugh (ereír – to laugh (eí)í)

río

ríes

ríe

reímos

reís

ríen

elegir – to choose, to elegir – to choose, to elect eelect ei (gi (gj)j)

elijo

eliges

elige

elegimos

elegís

eligen

Spelling-Changing VerbsSpelling-Changing Verbs There are also some There are also some verbs in Spanish that verbs in Spanish that have a spelling change in have a spelling change in “the boot.”“the boot.”

These changes usually These changes usually occur for pronunciation occur for pronunciation reasons. reasons.

Spelling-Changing VerbsSpelling-Changing Verbs• Most verbs that end in “-Most verbs that end in “-iar” have a written accent iar” have a written accent mark on the final vowel of mark on the final vowel of the stem (the “i”). the stem (the “i”).

• The following verbs have a The following verbs have a spelling change of spelling change of iiíí in in “the boot.”“the boot.”

• esquiar – to skiesquiar – to ski• enviar – to sendenviar – to send

esquiar – to ski (iesquiar – to ski (ií)í)

esquío

esquías

esquía

esquiamos esquiáis

esquían

Spelling-Changing VerbsSpelling-Changing Verbs• Most verbs that end in “-Most verbs that end in “-uar” have a written accent uar” have a written accent mark on the final vowel of mark on the final vowel of the stem (the “u”). the stem (the “u”).

• The following verbs have a The following verbs have a spelling change of spelling change of uuúú in in “the boot.”“the boot.”

• actuar – to actactuar – to act• continuar – to continuecontinuar – to continue

actuar – to act (uactuar – to act (uú)ú)

actúo

actúas

actúa

actuamos

actuáis

actúan

Spelling-Changing VerbsSpelling-Changing Verbs• Most verbs that end in “-uir” Most verbs that end in “-uir”

have an added “y” inside of have an added “y” inside of the boot .the boot .

• • incluir – to includeincluir – to include• influir- to influenceinfluir- to influence• destruir – to destroydestruir – to destroy

incluir – to include incluir – to include (add a “y”)(add a “y”)

incluyo

incluyes

incluye

incluimos

incluís

incluyen