steel4 - a versatile uniaxial material model for cyclic nonlinear analysis of steel-based elements

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Steel4 A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-Based Elements Ádám Zsarnóczay László Gergely Vigh BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING OpenSees Days 2014 Porto, Portugal

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Presentation made by Dr. Adam Zsarnoczay @ University of Porto during the OpenSees Days Portugal 2014 workshop

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Page 1: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

Steel4

A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model

for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-Based

Elements

Ádám Zsarnóczay

László Gergely Vigh

BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

OpenSees Days 2014

Porto, Portugal

Page 2: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

OVERVIEW

11/07/2014 2

Modeling Structural Steel for Nonlinear Seismic Assessmentwith Steel4

Page 3: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

OVERVIEW

11/07/2014 3

nonlinear static analysis - pushover

single brace - monotonic loading

Modeling Structural Steel for Nonlinear Seismic Assessmentwith

braced frame - monotonic loading

Steel4

Page 4: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

OVERVIEW

11/07/2014 4

nonlinear static analysis - pushover

single brace - monotonic loading

nonlinear dynamic analysis – time history IDA

Modeling Structural Steel for Nonlinear Seismic Assessmentwith

braced frame - monotonic loading

single brace - cyclic loading

single brace - dynamic loading

braced frame - dynamic loading

Steel4

modeling buckling restrained braces

Page 5: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

OVERVIEW

11/07/2014 5

nonlinear static analysis - pushover

single brace - monotonic loading

nonlinear dynamic analysis – time history IDA

Modeling Structural Steel for Nonlinear Seismic Assessmentwith

braced frame - monotonic loading

single brace - cyclic loading

single brace - dynamic loading

braced frame - dynamic loading

modeling buckling restrained braces

Steel4

Page 6: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 6

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

Zsarnóczay 2013

Page 7: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 7

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Zsarnóczay 2013

Page 8: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 8

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Page 9: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 9

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Page 10: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 10

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Page 11: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 11

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Ultimate Strength Limit

Page 12: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE

11/07/2014 12

model:

result: pure material behavior ~ tensile test of steel material

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Page 13: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 13

model: concentrically braced frame, 4 stories, pinned columns

result: capacity curve (roof drift vs. base shear)

Gulyás 2013

Page 14: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 14

model: concentrically braced frame, 4 stories, pinned columns

result: capacity curve (roof drift vs. base shear)

compare typical approaches using materials from OpenSees:

Gulyás 2013

Page 15: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

OVERVIEW

11/07/2014 15

nonlinear static analysis - pushover

single brace - monotonic loading

nonlinear dynamic analysis – time history IDA

Modeling Structural Steel for Nonlinear Seismic Assessmentwith

braced frame - monotonic loading

single brace - cyclic loading

single brace - dynamic loading

braced frame - dynamic loading

modeling buckling restrained braces

Steel4

Page 16: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – CYCLIC LOADING

11/07/2014 16

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using experimental results

uniaxial loading

Shi, Wang, Wang 2011 Martinovich 2013

Page 17: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – CYCLIC LOADING

11/07/2014 17

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using experimental results

bending

Takanashi 1973Martinovich 2013

Page 18: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – CYCLIC LOADING

11/07/2014 18

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using experimental results

buckling

Wakabayashi, Nakamura, Yoshida 1977Martinovich 2013

Page 19: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – CYCLIC LOADING

11/07/2014 19

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using experimental results

buckling

use as reference solution

Wakabayashi, Nakamura, Yoshida 1977Martinovich 2013

Page 20: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – CYCLIC LOADING

11/07/2014 20

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using experimental results use as reference solution

Combined Isotropic & Kinematic

Hardening

Page 21: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – CYCLIC LOADING

11/07/2014 21

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using experimental results use as reference solution

Nonlinear Isotropic Hardening

Zsarnóczay 2013

Page 22: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 22

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results

response of SDOF system to a real ground motion record

solid model + complex 3D material in ANSYS vs.

truss model + Steel4 in OpenSees

Zsarnóczay, Budaházy 2013

Page 23: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 23

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results

response of SDOF system to a real ground motion record

solid model + complex 3D material in ANSYS vs.

truss model + Steel4 in OpenSees

use as reference solution

Zsarnóczay, Budaházy 2013

Page 24: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 24

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results use as reference solution

Memory of Load History

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:

Page 25: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 25

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results use as reference solution

Memory of Load History

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:

Page 26: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 26

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results use as reference solution

Memory of Load History

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:

Page 27: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 27

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results use as reference solution

Memory of Load History

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:

Filippou, Popov, Bertero 1983

Page 28: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 28

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results use as reference solution

error in: maximum displacementerror in: maximum stresserror in: residual displacementerror in: energy dissipation

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:

Page 29: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

SINGLE BRACE – DYNAMIC LOADING

11/07/2014 29

kihajásbiztos merevítőrudakmodel:

result: hysteresis curves describe cyclic hardening, energy dissipation

verification of Steel4 using advanced numerical results use as reference solution

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:

error in: maximum displacementerror in: maximum stresserror in: residual displacementerror in: energy dissipation

Page 30: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 30

model: concentrically braced frame, 4 stories, pinned columnsimperfect brace geometry

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:load:

Page 31: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 31

model: concentrically braced frame, 4 stories, pinned columnsimperfect brace geometry

San Fernando EQ rec. from PEER NGA Database:load:

Page 32: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

OVERVIEW

11/07/2014 32

nonlinear static analysis - pushover

single brace - monotonic loading

nonlinear dynamic analysis – time history IDA

Modeling Structural Steel for Nonlinear Seismic Assessmentwith

braced frame - monotonic loading

single brace - cyclic loading

single brace - dynamic loading

braced frame - dynamic loading

Steel4

modeling buckling restrained braces

Page 33: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACE

11/07/2014 33

anti-seismic device with stable cyclic behavior

Zsarnóczay 2013

Page 34: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACE

11/07/2014 34

anti-seismic device with stable cyclic behavior

Asymmetric Hardening

Steel4 calibrated to 15 experimental results

parameters defined as functions of BRB geometryparameters defined as functions of basic material properties

general model of the tested type of BRB

primary challenge:

Page 35: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACE

11/07/2014 35

Asymmetric Hardening

primary challenge:

modified the Menegotto-Pinto formula to properly model

the Bauschinger effect under limited hardening (fu)the influence of non-symmetric hardening on the yield surface

works for isotropic, kinematic or their combination!

Page 36: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 36

influence of BRB model on the seismic performance of a BRBF

archetype numerical model

Page 37: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 37

influence of BRB model on the seismic performance of a BRBF

BRB material

numerical model

Page 38: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 38

influence of BRB model on the seismic performance of a BRBF

BRB material

numerical model

BRB response

Page 39: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 39

influence of BRB model on the seismic performance of a BRBF

BRB material

BRB response IDA and fragility curves based on FEMA P695

Incremental Dynamic Analysis

Page 40: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACED FRAME

11/07/2014 40

influence of BRB model on the seismic performance of a BRBF

BRB material

IDA and fragility curves based on FEMA P695BRB response

Page 41: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

SUMMARY

11/07/2014 41

Steel4 – primary features:

nonlinear kinematic hardening

nonlinear isotropic hardening

ultimate strength limit

asymmetric hardening

load history memory

accurate and efficient

This research was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Acknowledgement

behavior verified by

laboratory tests and virtual experiments

Page 42: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

SUMMARY

11/07/2014 42

behavior verified by

laboratory tests and virtual experiments

This research was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Acknowledgement

thank you for your attention

Steel4 – primary features:

nonlinear kinematic hardening

nonlinear isotropic hardening

ultimate strength limit

asymmetric hardening

load history memory

accurate and efficient

Page 43: Steel4 - A Versatile Uniaxial Material Model for Cyclic Nonlinear Analysis of Steel-based Elements

References

Gulyás Gy 2013, Reliability analysis of steel building structures in high seismicity zones – Analysis of

quasi-elastic and dissipative concentrically braced frames - MSc Thesis, BME Department of Structural

Engineering, Budapest (in Hungarian)

Filippou FC, Popov EP, Bertero VV 1983, Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of

reinforced concrete joints. EERC report, University of California, Berkeley, CA

Martinovich K 2013, Verification of structural steel material model developed to nonlinear seismic

analysis, Master Theses, BME Department of Structural Engineering,(in Hungarian)

Shi Y, Wang M, Wang Y 2011, Experimental and constiutive model study of structural steel under cyclic

loading, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 67, 1185-1197

Takanashi K 1973, Inelastic lateral buckling of steel beams subjected to repeated and reversed loadings

Proc. 5th World Conf. Earthquake Engineering. Vol. 1, 795-798, International Association fo Eartquake

Engineering, Rome, Italy

Wakabayashi M, Nakamura T, Yoshida N. 1977, Experimental studies on the elastic-plastic behavior of

braced frames under repeated horizontal loading. Part 1 Experiments of braces with an H-shaped cross

section in a frame, Kyoto: Bulletin of the Diaster Prevention Research Institute, 27(3), 121-154

Zsarnóczay Á 2013, Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames for

Eurocode Conform Design Procedure Evaluation – PhD Dissertation, BME Department of Structural

Engineering, Budapest

Zsarnóczay Á, Budaházy V 2013, Uniaxial material model development for nonlinear response history

analysis of steel frames, Proc. 2nd Conference of Junior Researchers in Civil Engineering, pp. 307-317