stede (2001-2004) ( s cience t eacher e ducation d evelopment in e urope )

NUCLEAR ENERGY AROUND US

J. Turo,

K. Suewski, Z. Turo

The Institute of Physics, Nicholas Copernicus University in Torun

Introduction

1896 - Henri Bequerel - discovery of radioactivity

1898 - M. Sklodowska-Curie - discovery of polonium

1900 - Friedrich Ernst Dorn - discovery of radon (niton)

1923 - niton named radon

Maria Skodowska Curie in laboratory

STEDE (2001-2004)(Science Teacher Education Development in Europe)

Group 10a: The use of distance learning in science teachers education.

Czonkowie grupy

Ellermeijer

A.L.

University of Amsterdam

NL

Dorenbos

Vincent

University of Amsterdam

NL

Demkanin

Peter

Comenius University

SK

Pisut

Jan

Comenius University

SK

Lang

Manfred

University of Kiel

DE

Turo

Jzefina

Nicholas Copernicus University

PL

Suewski

Krzysztof


PL

Karbowski

Andrzej


PL

Pinto

Roser

Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona

ES

MacGourthy

Frank

University of Limerick, Castletroy

IE

Meleady

Sindy

University of Limerick, Castletroy

IE

Isnes

Anders

University of Oslo

NO

Jorde

Doris

University of Oslo

NO

Pata

Kai

University of Tartu

EE

Laane

Tiiu

University of Tartu

EE

238U222Rn4.5*109 lat4.2MeV234U234Pa234Th230Th3.8 dni5.5MeV

Radioactive decay of 238U

What are the sources of radon?

soil and rocks,

ground and running water,

natural gas,

building materials,

tobacco (cigarettes),

geothermal sources.

cavities in wallsgaps in florboatsconstruction jointscracks in wallscracks in solid floorgraps around service pipes

RADON IN OUR HOMES

CAUSES OF RISK

(by Centre for Risk Research in Sweden, 1995)

1. Economical situation

2. AIDS

3. Alcohol

4. Criminal situations

5. UV radiation

6. RADON

7. Domestic waste

8. Work conditions

9. High speed of cars

10. Exhausting of energy resources

RISK EVALUATION (by G. Marx)

The mathematical definition of risk - R=P*C,

where: R - risk,

P - the probability of occurrence,

C - the seriousness of the consequence.

in the case of certainly, P = 1, in case of death, C = 1

Microrisk - 1 in a million i.e. as a risk through which 1 in a million people exposed may be killed

International experience indicates that one microrisk is incurred when:

travelling 2500 km by train,

flying 2000 km by plane,

travelling 80 km by bus,

driving a car for 65 km,

bicycling for 12 km,

smoking 1 cigarette,

living 2 weeks with a smoker,

drinking half a litre of wine,

breathing in any polluted city for 3 days.

A dose equivalent of 1 mSv increases the risk of lethal leukemia and cancer by about 50 microrisks

I. RADONET PROJECT for teachers and their students

1. Educational objectives of the project

Students have to realise, that there are probable correlations between the concentration of radon in homes and cancer and leukaemia diseases, which require to develop their:

skills of making individual science investigations,

ability of logical thinking and making rational decisions based on the evidence,

skills of using information presented in different forms (tables, diagrams etc.) and from different sources (encyclopaedias, multimedia, including foreign literature, Internet information)

ability to co-operate with medicine and environmental centres in town and with other students.

ability to integrate knowledge and skills from physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and health education.

I. RADONET PROJECT for teachers and their students2. Method of studies - passive - TASTRAK detectors3. Time - 3 lessons4. Students tasks 5. Tasks for the teacher6. Appendix

I. RADONET PROJECT for teacher and their students

4. Students tasks:

1. Take part in a discussion on radioactivity.

2. Through group discussion, put forward your plan to investigate the radon levels in your home and be able to compare this with the results of others.

3. Determine the radon concentration levels in your home.

4. Determine the microrisk and put forward suggestions as to whether this risk is acceptable.

5. Comment on actions that can be taken where the risks are not acceptable.

6. Comment the fact that people choose to tolerate the substantial risks posed by radon while taking action to reduce other risks that are not so great.

I. RADONET PROJECT for teacher and their students

5. Tasks for the Teacher

1. To get acquainted with the problems of ionising radiation and radon.

2. To interest students in problems related to radioactive gas radon in the

environment.

3. To organise and supervise the experiment performance.

4. To collect students' data, compare the results and drawn the conclusions.

5. To discuss the results.

6. To realise the risks of radon penetration to the human body and possibility of diseases caused by the high radioactivity doses.

7. To talk over the possibilities to solve problems connected with risk caused by the high radon concentration in homes.

I. RADONET PROJECT for teacher and their students6. Appendix

Contributors to the radiation exposure of the Polish population

Source of ionising radiation

Radon gas

Gamma rays from ground and buildings

Medical

Cosmic rays

Food and drink

%

43%

18%

18%

12%

9%


Questions for discussion:

What are the sources of ionising radiation around you?

What are the sources of radon in our environment?

What can you say about properties of radon?

How we can measure the radon concentration in air, water and soil?

How electric and electromagnetic fields at the place of studies influences the radon and radon daughter concentrations?

Which radon isotope can be dangerous for our life and why ?

What are the ways of radon entry into houses?

How do the radioactivity penetrate your body?


Questions for discussion:

How can your local data be interpreted and what conclusion can you drawn from them?

How you can protect yourself from influences of radon on your health?

How can levels of indoor radon be reduced?

Why do dosage limits of radon concentration in buildings differs across countries?

Why do people choose to tolerate the substantial risks posed by radon while

Taking across reduce other risks that are not as great?

Why have only such a few houses across the country been tested for radon?

Radon map of Torun

Radon in our homes

Map of radon concentration in different regions of Poland

Legend:

0 [Bq/m3]- no data

1-50

- Bydgoszcz, Torun, Wocawek regions,

51-100

- Czstochowa, Gorzow, Pila, Przemysl, Warszawa,

Jeleniogora, Walbrzych regions,

101-150

- Olsztyn, Wrocaw regions,

151-220

- Krakow region.

II. Ionising radiation of radon and his daughter in electric and electromagnetic fields

1. Introduction

Investigations of Henshow (Bristol) attraction of radon daughter to everyday sources of E-H - fields and high voltage power lines.

Measurements of radon daughter concentrations at TV and computer monitor screens, at traffic, at cemetery, etc.

Investigations in high electric and electromagnetic fields as a function of:

electric field lines distribution,

distance from the source of field,

geometry of the source and his polarisation,

humidity.

2. Experimental setupThe scheme of experimental setup

3. The results of investigationsComparison of radon concentration in different places in Torun

Wykres1

69714957957

41359759759

67549797

2983939

2344040

3463737

2613939

3000V szpile

Wykres2

46000318431843

31850615281528

94242984984

14482361361

6554040

3204646

5000V szpile

Wykres3

86303124152415

68550416711671

25536414031403

35107649649

14318282

2433939

7000V szpile

Wykres4

285713843284328

161458434583458

76454817201720

18755412111211

3884150150

4516767

9000V szpile

Wykres6

294.9483838213

174.9830766627

28.5750550008

1.2607886275

0.990015231

1.4638686749

1.1042477577

Odlego od rda pola elektrycznego [cm]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres7

1946.1964799458

1347.5461160941

398.7222880352

61.2709426299

2.7711964799

1.3538669826

1670.5449314605

921.0695549162


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres8

3651.3411744796

2900.2538500592

1080.4027754273

148.5319004908

6.0543239127

1.0280927399

3304.302758504

2094.5929937384


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres9

12088.0775088848

6831.0374005754

3234.675918091

793.5099001523

16.4325605009

1.9081062786

8651.2988661364

5027.1069554916


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres14

174.98307666271946.19647994583651.341174479612088.0775088848215521556556553513513434

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres15

1.26078862751347.54611609412900.25385005926831.03740057545.55.524424451951912221222

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres16

0.990015231398.72228803521080.40277542733234.6759180910.380.387575197197579579

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres17

1.46386867492.77119647996.054323912716.43256050093.543.541.421.420.660.660.340.34

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres18

1.10424775771.35386698261.02809273991.90810627860.620.620.340.340.430.430.360.36

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres19

294.94838382131.26078862750.9900152311.46386867491.1042477577

1946.19647994581347.5461160941398.72228803522.77119647991.3538669826

3651.34117447962900.25385005921080.40277542736.05432391271.0280927399

12088.07750888486831.03740057543234.67591809116.43256050091.9081062786

zaleno S/St od napicia wszystkie

Wykres20

294.94838382131946.19647994583651.341174479612088.0775088848

174.98307666271347.54611609412900.25385005926831.0374005754

28.5750550008398.72228803521080.40277542733234.675918091

1.260788627561.2709426299148.5319004908793.5099001523

0.9900152312.77119647996.054323912716.4325605009

1.46386867491.35386698261.02809273991.9081062786

1.10424775771670.54493146053304.3027585048651.2988661364

921.06955491622094.59299373845027.1069554916

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Odlego od rda pola elekrtycznego [cm]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres21

1.08732442040.40.4

1.320020308

1.1973261127

1.9546454561

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres37

1946.1964799458

1347.5461160941

398.7222880352

61.2709426299

2.7711964799

1.3538669826

1670.5449314605

921.0695549162

5000V S/St

Wykres38

3651.3411744796

2900.2538500592

1080.4027754273

148.5319004908

6.0543239127

1.0280927399

3304.302758504

2094.5929937384

7000V S/St

Wykres39

12088.0775088848

6831.0374005754

3234.675918091

793.5099001523

16.4325605009

1.9081062786

8651.2988661364

5027.1069554916

9000V S/St

Wykres45

28.57505500081670.54493146053304.3027585048651.29886613645.465.4630230259159115461546

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Arkusz1

L.p.Napicie [V]Koncentracja [Bq/m3]Bd [Bq/m3]Czas pomiaru [min]Miejsceodlego od szpilek [cm]rdo polaS/St [j.w.]

1to236.3641.78120hydrofornia

2300069,714957120hydrofornia3szpilki294.9483838213



5300029839120hydrofornia10szpilki1.2607886275




9-300025741120hydrofornia10pytka1.0873244204

105000460,0031,843120hydrofornia5szpilki1946.1964799458














2490002,857,1384,328120hydrofornia5szpilki12088.0775088848







31to334.4412.961440hydrofornia5szpilki


33to76.4919.69120pod schodami5szpilki

347000318,8021,277120pod schodami5szpilki4167.8912276114

5000394,85071670.5449314605

5000217,70412921.0695549162

7000781,00573304.302758504

7000495,078122094.5929937384

90002,044,82178651.2988661364

90001,188,207125027.1069554916

Wykres5

2999999

2318787

1657474

2318787

1667474

1657373

2989999

2659393

1336666

2989999

432119119

664747

2008282

1677474

2008282

2348888

1678484

2679595

2348888

1677575

1687575

684747

1005858

2008181

2679494

400115115

3519393

1005757

1336767

1005858

300100100

2679595

334105105

1998181

2669494

2669696

2338888

2669494

1346767

1005858

2348888

1005858

2018282

1206060

2137979

1897272

2107575

1767575

5000V szpile

Wykres11

1.2650194618

0.977322728

0.6980876629

0.977322728

0.7023184972

0.6980876629

1.2607886275

1.1211710949

0.5627009646

1.2607886275

1.8277204265

0.2792350652

0.8461668641

0.7065493315

0.8461668641

0.990015231

0.7065493315

1.1296327636

0.990015231

0.7065493315

0.7107801658

0.2876967338

0.4230834321

0.8461668641

1.1296327636

1.6923337282

1.4850228465

0.4230834321

0.5627009646

0.4230834321

1.2692502962

1.1296327636

1.4130986631

0.8419360298

1.1254019293

1.1254019293

0.9857843967

1.1254019293

0.566931799

0.4230834321

0.990015231

0.4230834321

0.8503976984

0.5077001185

0.9011677103

0.7996276866

0.8884752073

0.7446268404

S/St [j.w.]

Czas [min]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres12

2579797

2198989

1477373

2579797

406122122

1848282

1477474

1858282

2599898

2229191

1116464

1487474

1116464

1487474

2219090

1838282

1477373

293103103

294104104

2188989

1096363

290102102

1818181

362114114

2549696

363114114

436125125

1818181

290102102

364115115

1457272

2559696

2559696

2198989

365115115

292103103

402121121

2569696

511136136

2259494

1797575

1978484

2148888

2379494

2759898

2428787

1958585

2187474

5000V pytka

Wykres13

1.0873244204

0.9265527162

0.6219326451

1.0873244204

1.7177187341

0.778473515

0.6219326451

0.7827043493

1.095786089

0.9392452192

0.4696226096

0.6261634794

0.4696226096

0.6261634794

0.9350143848

0.7742426807

0.6219326451

1.2396344559

1.2438652902

0.9223218819

0.4611609409

1.226941953

0.765781012

1.531562024

1.0746319174

1.5357928584

1.8446437638

0.765781012

1.226941953

1.5400236927

0.6134709765

1.0788627517

1.0788627517

0.9265527162

1.544254527

1.2354036216

1.7007953969

1.0830935861

2.1619563378

0.9519377221

0.7573193434

0.8334743611

0.9053985446

1.002707734

1.1634794381

1.0238619056

0.8250126925

0.9223218819

S/St [j.w.]

Czas [min]

S/St [j.w.]

Arkusz2

L.p.Napicie [V]Koncentracja [Bq/m3]Bd [Bq/m3]Czas pomiaru [min]Miejsceodlego od szpilek lub pytki [cm]rdo polaS/St [j.w.]

150002999918:30hydrofornia5szpilki1.265019461830
















































150002579718:30hydrofornia5pytka1.087324420430
















































50to236.3641.78120hydroforniaszpilki

Wykres10

0.743686655

1.0370245012

0.7775333296

1.1023673868

0.8123201895

0.9448863316

Natenie prdu elektrycznego [A]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres22

269

259

251

217

351

266

248

148

197

Wykres23

0.4780842782

0.9688610594

1.0492469115

0.7742426807

0.9138602132

0.6303943138

0.5584701303

0.554239296

0.765781012

Wykres24

1.1380944322

1.095786089

1.0619394145

0.9180910476

1.4850228465

1.1254019293

1.0492469115

0.6261634794

0.8334743611

Wykres25

221

174

207

160

176

193

161

177

185

arwka 40W I=0,18A

Wykres26

221

378

252

174

222

349

253

233

263

arwka 60W I=0,27A

Wykres27

0.9350143848

0.7361651718

0.8757827043

0.6769334913

0.7446268404

0.8165510239

0.6811643256

0.7488576747

0.7827043493

Wykres28

0.9350143848

1.5992553732

1.0661702488

0.7361651718

0.9392452192

1.4765611779

1.0704010831

0.9857843967

1.1127094263

Wykres29

195

130

177

210

145

227

307

193

144

arwka 100W I=0,45A

Wykres30

0.8250126925

0.5500084617

0.7488576747

0.8884752073

0.6134709765

0.9603993908

1.2988661364

0.8165510239

0.6092401422

Wykres31

268

252

269

219

101

339

221

239

102

arwka 150W I=0,68A

Wykres32

1.1338635979

1.0661702488

1.1380944322

0.9265527162

0.4273142664

1.4342528347

0.9350143848

1.0111694026

0.4315451007

Wykres33

0.47808427821.13809443220.93501438480.93501438480.82501269251.1338635979

S/St [j.w.] w zalenoci od mocy

Wykres35

0.96886105941.0957860890.73616517181.59925537320.55000846171.0661702488

Wykres36

0.743686655

1.0370245012

0.7775333296

1.1023673868

0.8123201895

0.9448863316

rednia S/St od mocy

Wykres34

1.6415637164

0.6938568286

1.3919444915

0.6938568286

0.4611609409

1.6246403791

1.6288712134

0.2326958876

0.9307835505

0.9307835505

0.9307835505

1.1634794381

0.4653917753

0.4653917753

0.9307835505

0.9307835505

1.6246403791

1.1465561009

1.0111694026

1.21424945

1.5104078524

0.6769334913

0.7996276866

0.8588593671

Godzina pomiaru

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres40

0.6980876629

1.4004061601

0.2326958876

1.1677102725

0.6980876629

1.4046369944

0.7023184972

1.1719411068

1.1634794381

1.4046369944

0.6980876629

1.4004061601

0.9350143848

0.4653917753

0.2326958876

1.1677102725

0.6980876629

0.9350143848

1.4004061601

0.4653917753

0.7023184972

0.9350143848

1.1761719411

0.9350143848

Godzina pomiaru

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres41

0.9096293789

0.4526992723

0.224234219

0.6769334913

1.1296327636

1.3623286512

1.8192587578

0.224234219

1.1338635979

1.1338635979

0.9096293789

0.6811643256

1.5907937045

1.1380944322

1.1380944322

0.4526992723

1.1380944322

0.9096293789

1.3707903199

1.1465561009

0.6853951599

0.2284650533

0.1819258758

0.1565408699

Godzina pomiaru

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres42

0.4526992723

0.9138602132

1.1423252665

0.4569301066

1.3750211542

0.9180910476

0.9138602132

1.1465561009

0.4569301066

0.6853951599

0.6853951599

0.4569301066

1.3750211542

0.9180910476

1.1465561009

1.1465561009

0.2284650533

1.6034862075

1.3707903199

0.4569301066

0.4569301066

1.1423252665

1.1423252665

1.3707903199

Godzina pomiaru

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres43

1.1211710949

1.3411744796

1.5696395329

0.6684718226

1.1211710949

0.8927060416

1.1254019293

2.0308004739

1.5738703672

1.1254019293

1.3538669826

0.9011677103

0.9011677103

1.1211710949

1.7981045862

0.672702657

1.7938737519

2.0181079709

0.672702657

1.1254019293

1.3496361482

0.448468438

0.896936876

1.1211710949

Godzina pomiaru

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres44

0.6938568286

2.0731088171

0.9223218819

1.8446437638

2.297343036

1.6161787104

0.9223218819

1.1507869352

0.6938568286

1.1507869352

0.6896259942

2.0773396514

1.1550177695

0.9265527162

0.4611609409

0.9265527162

1.3877136571

1.6204095448

1.3919444915

2.08580132

0.4611609409

1.8573362667

0.9265527162

1.3919444915

Czas [min]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres46

1.2801799515

0.9983006149

0.9246135838

0.8664396119

0.9150942066

1.1976786822

Arkusz3

arwka 14W14arwka 25W25arwka 40W40arwka 60W60arwka 75W75arwka 100W100arwka 150W150

stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]stenie [Bq/m3]bd [Bq/m3]S/St [j.w.]czas [s]

113420.478084278260269671.138094432260221590.935014384860221590.93501438486060195560.825012692560268671.133863597960

229610.9688610594120259671.095786089120174520.7361651718120378771.5992553732120120130460.5500084617120252651.0661702488120

248641.0492469115180251641.0619394145180207570.8757827043180252631.0661702488180180177530.7488576747180269671.1380944322180

183550.7742426807240217600.9180910476240160500.6769334913240174520.7361651718240240210580.8884752073240219610.9265527162240

216600.9138602132300351761.4850228465300176530.7446268404300222590.9392452192300300145480.6134709765300101410.4273142664300

149490.6303943138360266661.1254019293360193550.8165510239360349741.4765611779360360227600.9603993908360339751.4342528347360

132460.5584701303420248641.0492469115420161510.6811643256420253631.0704010831420420307701.2988661364420221610.9350143848420

131460.554239296480148490.6261634794480177530.7488576747480233600.9857843967480480193560.8165510239480239641.0111694026480

181540.765781012540197570.8334743611540185540.7827043493540263641.1127094263540540144480.6092401422540102410.4315451007540

175.7777777778530.743686655245.111111111163.33333333331.0370245012183.777777777853.77777777780.7775333296260.555555555663.44444444441.1023673868192550.8123201895223.333333333360.22222222220.9448863316rednie

tomoc14254060100150

236.3641.78r S/St0.7436866551.03702450120.77753332961.10236738680.81232018950.9448863316

I [A]0.0640.1140.1820.2730.4550.682

5 cm



164940.6938568286203881461.641563716420165950.6980876629202151070.90962937892020107760.4526992723202651181.121171094920

4901632.073108817140164950.6938568286403311351.400406160140107760.452699272340402161080.9138602132403171291.341174479640

2181090.9223218819603291341.39194449156055550.23269588766053530.22423421960602701211.1423252665603711401.569639532960

4361541.844643763880164950.6938568286802761231.167710272580160920.67693349138080108760.456930106680158910.668471822680

5431722.297343036100109770.4611609409100165950.69808766291002671191.12963276361001003251321.37502115421002651181.1211710949100

3821441.61617871041203841451.62464037911203321351.40463699441203221311.36232865121201202171080.91809104761202111060.8927060416120

2181090.92232188191403851451.6288712134140166960.70231849721404301521.81925875781401402161080.91386021321402661191.1254019293140

2721221.150786935216055550.23269588761602771241.171941106816053530.2242342191601602711211.14655610091604801602.0308004739160

164940.69385682861802201100.93078355051802751231.16347943811802681201.1338635979180180108760.45693010661803721401.5738703672180

2721211.15078693522002201100.93078355052003321351.40463699442002681201.1338635979200200162940.68539515992002661191.1254019293200

163940.68962599422202201100.9307835505220165950.69808766292202151070.9096293789220220162940.68539515992203201301.3538669826220

4911632.07733965142402751221.16347943812403311351.4004061601240161930.6811643256240240108760.45693010662402131060.9011677103240

2731221.1550177695260110770.46539177532602211100.93501438482603761431.59079370452602603251331.37502115422602131060.9011677103260

2191090.9265527162280110770.4653917753280110780.46539177532802691201.13809443222802802171080.91809104762802651181.1211710949280

109770.46116094093002201100.930783550530055550.23269588763002691201.13809443223003002711211.14655610093004251501.7981045862300

2191090.92655271623202201100.93078355053202761231.1677102725320107760.45269927233203202711211.1465561009320159920.672702657320

3281341.38771365713403841451.6246403791340165950.69808766293402691201.138094432234034054540.22846505333404241501.7938737519340

3831451.62040954483602711121.14655610093602211100.93501438483602151070.90962937893603603791431.60348620753604771592.0181079709360

3291341.39194449153802391111.01116940263803311351.40040616013803241321.37079031993803803241321.3707903199380159920.672702657380

4931642.085801324002871141.21424945400110780.46539177534002711211.1465561009400400108760.45693010664002661191.1254019293400

109770.46116094094203571381.5104078524420166960.7023184972420162930.6853951599420420108760.45693010664203191301.3496361482420

4391551.8573362667440160920.67693349134402211100.935014384844054540.22846505334404402701211.1423252665440106750.448468438440

2191090.9265527162460189940.79962768664602781241.1761719411460431530.18192587584604602701211.14232526654602121060.896936876460

3291341.3919444915480203990.85885936714802211100.9350143848480371430.15654086994804803241321.37079031994802651181.1211710949480

1.28017995150.99830061490.92461358380.86643961190.91509420661.1976786822

Wykres47

17.5612.68

15.8813.47

19.4212.05

16.2213.87

18.4914.16

15.3613.74

16.4812.97

17.1813.55

Pl Raspackiego

Grudzidzka

Godzina pomiaru

Koncentracja radonu [Bq/m3]

Wykres48

12.68

13.47

12.05

13.87

14.16

13.74

12.97

13.55

Czas [min]

Koncentracja radonu Bq/m3]

Wykres49

26.51

25.34

22.58

23.38

28.11

26.32

24.38

27.45

Godzina pomiaru


Wykres50

30.51

22.76

38.86

57.56

48.15

40.65

35.49

57.07

51.44

Czas [min]


Wykres51

100.93

99.55

86.47

94.25

112.21

104.64

97.64

82.17

90.55

Czas [min]


Wykres52

17.5612.6826.51

15.8813.4725.34

19.4212.0522.58

16.2213.8723.38

18.4914.1628.11

15.3613.7426.32

16.4812.9724.38

17.1813.5527.45

Plac Rapackiego

Grudzidzka

Cmentarz

Time of measurements

Radon concentration [Bq/m3]

Wykres53

30.51100.93

22.7699.55

38.8686.47

57.5694.25

48.15112.21

40.65104.64

35.4997.64

57.0782.17

51.4490.55

Pitro III

Piwnica

Czas [min]


Arkusz4

L.p.Koncentracja [Bq/m}Bd [Bq/m]Czas [min]Miejsce

117.564.9860Pl. Rapackiego








912.683.3460Grudzidzka








1726.516.4360Cmentarz

1825.346.12120Cmentarz

1922.585.47180Cmentarz

2023.385.98240Cmentarz

2128.117.26300Cmentarz

2226.326.85360Cmentarz

2324.386.21420Cmentarz

2427.457.02480Cmentarz

2530.5112.17120Pokj

2622.769.87240Pokj

2738.8612.79360Pokj

2857.5616.45480Pokj

2948.1515.34600Pokj

3040.6514.68720Pokj

3135.4911.98840Pokj

3257.0716.07960Pokj

3351.4415.711080Pokj

34100.9329.13120Piwnica

3599.5527.5240Piwnica

3686.4724.04360Piwnica

3794.2526.52480Piwnica

38112.2130.16600Piwnica

39104.6429.84720Piwnica

4097.6427.15840Piwnica

4182.1724.31960Piwnica

4290.5525.661080Piwnica

3. The results of investigationsTASTRAK plates exposed to high electric fields with different electric field line distribution

3. The results of investigationsThe dependence of radon/radon daughters concentrations as the function of distance from the source of positive polarised electric fields 3000, 5000, 7000 and 9000 V

Wykres1

69714957957

41359759759

67549797

2983939

2344040

3463737

2613939

3000V szpile

Wykres2

46000318431843

31850615281528

94242984984

14482361361

6554040

3204646

5000V szpile

Wykres3

86303124152415

68550416711671

25536414031403

35107649649

14318282

2433939

7000V szpile

Wykres4

285713843284328

161458434583458

76454817201720

18755412111211

3884150150

4516767

9000V szpile

Wykres6

294.9483838213

174.9830766627

28.5750550008

1.2607886275

0.990015231

1.4638686749

1.1042477577


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres7

1946.1964799458

1347.5461160941

398.7222880352

61.2709426299

2.7711964799

1.3538669826

1670.5449314605

921.0695549162


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres8

3651.3411744796

2900.2538500592

1080.4027754273

148.5319004908

6.0543239127

1.0280927399

3304.302758504

2094.5929937384


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres9

12088.0775088848

6831.0374005754

3234.675918091

793.5099001523

16.4325605009

1.9081062786

8651.2988661364

5027.1069554916


S/St [j.w.]

Wykres14

174.98307666271946.19647994583651.341174479612088.0775088848215521556556553513513434

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres15

1.26078862751347.54611609412900.25385005926831.03740057545.55.524424451951912221222

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres16

0.990015231398.72228803521080.40277542733234.6759180910.380.387575197197579579

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres17

1.46386867492.77119647996.054323912716.43256050093.543.541.421.420.660.660.340.34

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres18

1.10424775771.35386698261.02809273991.90810627860.620.620.340.340.430.430.360.36

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres19

294.94838382131.26078862750.9900152311.46386867491.1042477577

1946.19647994581347.5461160941398.72228803522.77119647991.3538669826

3651.34117447962900.25385005921080.40277542736.05432391271.0280927399

12088.07750888486831.03740057543234.67591809116.43256050091.9081062786

zaleno S/St od napicia wszystkie

Wykres20

294.94838382131946.19647994583651.341174479612088.0775088848

174.98307666271347.54611609412900.25385005926831.0374005754

28.5750550008398.72228803521080.40277542733234.675918091

1.260788627561.2709426299148.5319004908793.5099001523

0.9900152312.77119647996.054323912716.4325605009

1.46386867491.35386698261.02809273991.9081062786

1.10424775771670.54493146053304.3027585048651.2988661364

921.06955491622094.59299373845027.1069554916

3000V

5000V

7000V

9000V

Distance from the source of electric field [cm]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres21

1.08732442040.40.4

1.320020308

1.1973261127

1.9546454561

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Wykres37

1946.1964799458

1347.5461160941

398.7222880352

61.2709426299

2.7711964799

1.3538669826

1670.5449314605

921.0695549162

5000V S/St

Wykres38

3651.3411744796

2900.2538500592

1080.4027754273

148.5319004908

6.0543239127

1.0280927399

3304.302758504

2094.5929937384

7000V S/St

Wykres39

12088.0775088848

6831.0374005754

3234.675918091

793.5099001523

16.4325605009

1.9081062786

8651.2988661364

5027.1069554916

9000V S/St

Wykres45

28.57505500081670.54493146053304.3027585048651.29886613645.465.4630230259159115461546

Napicie [V]

S/St [j.w.]

Arkusz1

L.p.Napicie [V]Koncentracja [Bq/m3]Bd [Bq/m3]Czas pomiaru [min]Miejsceodlego od szpilek [cm]rdo polaS/St [j.w.]

1to236.3641.78120hydrofornia
































33to76.4919.69120pod schodami5szpilki

347000318,8021,277120pod schodami5szpilki4167.8912276114

5000394,85071670.5449314605

5000217,70412921.0695549162

7000781,00573304.302758504

7000495,078122094.5929937384

90002,044,82178651.2988661364

90001,188,207125027.1069554916

Wykres5

2999999

2318787

1657474

2318787

1667474

1657373

2989999

2659393

1336666

2989999

432119119

664747

2008282

1677474

2008282

2348888

1678484

2679595

2348888

1677575

1687575

684747

1005858

2008181

2679494

400115115

3519393

1005757

1336767

1005858

300100100

2679595

334105105

1998181

2669494

2669696

2338888

2669494

1346767

1005858

2348888

1005858

2018282

1206060

2137979

1897272

2107575

1767575

5000V szpile

Wykres11

1.2650194618

0.977322728

0.6980876629

0.977322728

0.7023184972

0.6980876629

1.2607886275

1.1211710949

0.5627009646

1.2607886275

1.8277204265

0.2792350652

0.8461668641

0.7065493315

0.8461668641

0.990015231

0.7065493315

1.1296327636

0.990015231

0.7065493315

0.7107801658

0.2876967338

0.4230834321

0.8461668641

1.1296327636

1.6923337282

1.4850228465

0.4230834321

0.5627009646

0.4230834321

1.2692502962

1.1296327636

1.4130986631

0.8419360298

1.1254019293

1.1254019293

0.9857843967

1.1254019293

0.566931799

0.4230834321

0.990015231

0.4230834321

0.8503976984

0.5077001185

0.9011677103

0.7996276866

0.8884752073

0.7446268404

S/St [j.w.]

S/St [j.w.] 5000V szpile

Wykres12

2579797

2198989

1477373

2579797

406122122

1848282

1477474

1858282

2599898

2229191

1116464

1487474

1116464

1487474

2219090

1838282

1477373

293103103

294104104

2188989

1096363

290102102

1818181

362114114

2549696

363114114

436125125

1818181

290102102

364115115

1457272

2559696

2559696

2198989

365115115

292103103

402121121

2569696

511136136

2259494

1797575

1978484

2148888

2379494

2759898

2428787

1958585

2187474

5000V pytka

Wykres13

1.0873244204

0.9265527162

0.6219326451

1.0873244204

1.7177187341

0.778473515

0.6219326451

0.7827043493

1.095786089

0.9392452192

0.4696226096

0.6261634794

0.4696226096

0.6261634794

0.9350143848

0.7742426807

0.6219326451

1.2396344559

1.2438652902

0.9223218819

0.4611609409

1.226941953

0.765781012

1.531562024

1.0746319174

1.5357928584

1.8446437638

0.765781012

1.226941953

1.5400236927

0.6134709765

1.0788627517

1.0788627517

0.9265527162

1.544254527

1.2354036216

1.7007953969

1.0830935861

2.1619563378

0.9519377221

0.7573193434

0.8334743611

0.9053985446

1.002707734

1.1634794381

1.0238619056

0.8250126925

0.9223218819

S/St [j.w.]

S/St [j.w.] 5000V pytka

Arkusz2

L.p.Napicie [V]Koncentracja [Bq/m3]Bd [Bq/m3]Czas pomiaru [min]Miejsceodlego od szpilek lub pytki [cm]rdo polaS/St [j.w.]

















































150002579730hydrofornia5pytka1.0873244204
















































50to236.3641.78120hydroforniaszpilki

Wykres10

113

229

248

183

216

149

132

131

181

arwka 14W I=0,06A

Wykres22

269

259

251

217

351

266

248

148

197

arwka 25W I=0,11A

Wykres23

0.4780842782

0.9688610594

1.0492469115

0.7742426807

0.9138602132

0.6303943138

0.5584701303

0.554239296

0.765781012

arwka 14W S/St [j.w.]

Wykres24

1.1380944322

1.095786089

1.0619394145

0.9180910476

1.4850228465

1.1254019293

1.0492469115

0.6261634794

0.8334743611


Wykres25

221

174

207

160

176

193

161

177

185

arwka 40W I=0,18A

Wykres26

221

378

252

174

222

349

253

233

263

arwka 60W I=0,27A

Wykres27

0.9350143848

0.7361651718

0.8757827043

0.6769334913

0.7446268404

0.8165510239

0.6811643256

0.7488576747

0.7827043493


Wykres28

0.9350143848

1.5992553732

1.0661702488

0.7361651718

0.9392452192

1.4765611779

1.0704010831

0.9857843967

1.1127094263


Wykres29

195

130

177

210

145

227

307

193

144

arwka 100W I=0,45A

Wykres30

0.8250126925

0.5500084617

0.7488576747

0.8884752073

0.6134709765

0.9603993908

1.2988661364

0.8165510239

0.6092401422


Wykres31

268

252

269

219

101

339

221

239

102

arwka 150W I=0,68A

Wykres32

1.1338635979

1.0661702488

1.1380944322

0.9265527162

0.4273142664

1.4342528347

0.9350143848

1.0111694026

0.4315451007


Wykres33

0.47808427821.13809443220.93501438480.93501438480.82501269251.1338635979

S/St [j.w.] w zalenoci od mocy

Wykres35

0.96886105941.0957860890.73616517181.59925537320.55000846171.0661702488

Wykres36

0.743686655

1.0370245012

0.7775333296

1.1023673868

0.8123201895

0.9448863316

rednia S/St od mocy

Wykres34

1.6415637164

0.6938568286

1.3919444915

0.6938568286

0.4611609409

1.6246403791

1.6288712134

0.2326958876

0.9307835505

0.9307835505

0.9307835505

1.1634794381

0.4653917753

0.4653917753

0.9307835505

0.9307835505

1.6246403791

1.1465561009

1.0111694026

1.21424945

1.5104078524

0.6769334913

0.7996276866

0.8588593671

S/St [j.w.] 5cm arwka 25W

Wykres40

0.6980876629

1.4004061601

0.2326958876

1.1677102725

0.6980876629

1.4046369944

0.7023184972

1.1719411068

1.1634794381

1.4046369944

0.6980876629

1.4004061601

0.9350143848

0.4653917753

0.2326958876

1.1677102725

0.6980876629

0.9350143848

1.4004061601

0.4653917753

0.7023184972

0.9350143848

1.1761719411

0.9350143848


Wykres41

0.9096293789

0.4526992723

0.224234219

0.6769334913

1.1296327636

1.3623286512

1.8192587578

0.224234219

1.1338635979

1.1338635979

0.9096293789

0.6811643256

1.5907937045

1.1380944322

1.1380944322

0.4526992723

1.1380944322

0.9096293789

1.3707903199

1.1465561009

0.6853951599

0.2284650533

0.1819258758

0.1565408699


Wykres42

0.4526992723

0.9138602132

1.1423252665

0.4569301066

1.3750211542

0.9180910476

0.9138602132

1.1465561009

0.4569301066

0.6853951599

0.6853951599

0.4569301066

1.3750211542

0.9180910476

1.1465561009

1.1465561009

0.2284650533

1.6034862075

1.3707903199

0.4569301066

0.4569301066

1.1423252665

1.1423252665

1.3707903199


Wykres43

1.1211710949

1.3411744796

1.5696395329

0.6684718226

1.1211710949

0.8927060416

1.1254019293

2.0308004739

1.5738703672

1.1254019293

1.3538669826

0.9011677103

0.9011677103

1.1211710949

1.7981045862

0.672702657

1.7938737519

2.0181079709

0.672702657

1.1254019293

1.3496361482

0.448468438

0.896936876

1.1211710949

S/St [j.w.] arwka 150W

Wykres44

0.6938568286

2.0731088171

0.9223218819

1.8446437638

2.297343036

1.6161787104

0.9223218819

1.1507869352

0.6938568286

1.1507869352

0.6896259942

2.0773396514

1.1550177695

0.9265527162

0.4611609409

0.9265527162

1.3877136571

1.6204095448

1.3919444915

2.08580132

0.4611609409

1.8573362667

0.9265527162

1.3919444915

S/St [j.w.] awka 14W

Arkusz3



113420.478084278260269671.138094432260221590.935014384860221590.93501438486060195560.825012692560268671.133863597960

229610.9688610594120259671.095786089120174520.7361651718120378771.5992553732120120130460.5500084617120252651.0661702488120

248641.0492469115180251641.0619394145180207570.8757827043180252631.0661702488180180177530.7488576747180269671.1380944322180

183550.7742426807240217600.9180910476240160500.6769334913240174520.7361651718240240210580.8884752073240219610.9265527162240

216600.9138602132300351761.4850228465300176530.7446268404300222590.9392452192300300145480.6134709765300101410.4273142664300

149490.6303943138360266661.1254019293360193550.8165510239360349741.4765611779360360227600.9603993908360339751.4342528347360

132460.5584701303420248641.0492469115420161510.6811643256420253631.0704010831420420307701.2988661364420221610.9350143848420

131460.554239296480148490.6261634794480177530.7488576747480233600.9857843967480480193560.8165510239480239641.0111694026480

181540.765781012540197570.8334743611540185540.7827043493540263641.1127094263540540144480.6092401422540102410.4315451007540

tomoc14254060100150

236.3641.78r S/St0.7436866551.03702450120.77753332961.10236738680.81232018950.9448863316

5 cm



164940.6938568286203881461.641563716420165950.6980876629202151070.90962937892020107760.4526992723202651181.121171094920

4901632.073108817140164950.6938568286403311351.400406160140107760.452699272340402161080.9138602132403171291.341174479640

2181090.9223218819603291341.39194449156055550.23269588766053530.22423421960602701211.1423252665603711401.569639532960

4361541.844643763880164950.6938568286802761231.167710272580160920.67693349138080108760.456930106680158910.668471822680

5431722.297343036100109770.4611609409100165950.69808766291002671191.12963276361001003251321.37502115421002651181.1211710949100

3821441.61617871041203841451.62464037911203321351.40463699441203221311.36232865121201202171080.91809104761202111060.8927060416120

2181090.92232188191403851451.6288712134140166960.70231849721404301521.81925875781401402161080.91386021321402661191.1254019293140

2721221.150786935216055550.23269588761602771241.171941106816053530.2242342191601602711211.14655610091604801602.0308004739160

164940.69385682861802201100.93078355051802751231.16347943811802681201.1338635979180180108760.45693010661803721401.5738703672180

2721211.15078693522002201100.93078355052003321351.40463699442002681201.1338635979200200162940.68539515992002661191.1254019293200

163940.68962599422202201100.9307835505220165950.69808766292202151070.9096293789220220162940.68539515992203201301.3538669826220

4911632.07733965142402751221.16347943812403311351.4004061601240161930.6811643256240240108760.45693010662402131060.9011677103240

2731221.1550177695260110770.46539177532602211100.93501438482603761431.59079370452602603251331.37502115422602131060.9011677103260

2191090.9265527162280110770.4653917753280110780.46539177532802691201.13809443222802802171080.91809104762802651181.1211710949280

109770.46116094093002201100.930783550530055550.23269588763002691201.13809443223003002711211.14655610093004251501.7981045862300

2191090.92655271623202201100.93078355053202761231.1677102725320107760.45269927233203202711211.1465561009320159920.672702657320

3281341.38771365713403841451.6246403791340165950.69808766293402691201.138094432234034054540.22846505333404241501.7938737519340

3831451.62040954483602711121.14655610093602211100.93501438483602151070.90962937893603603791431.60348620753604771592.0181079709360

3291341.39194449153802391111.01116940263803311351.40040616013803241321.37079031993803803241321.3707903199380159920.672702657380

4931642.085801324002871141.21424945400110780.46539177534002711211.1465561009400400108760.45693010664002661191.1254019293400

109770.46116094094203571381.5104078524420166960.7023184972420162930.6853951599420420108760.45693010664203191301.3496361482420

4391551.8573362667440160920.67693349134402211100.935014384844054540.22846505334404402701211.1423252665440106750.448468438440

2191090.9265527162460189940.79962768664602781241.1761719411460431530.18192587584604602701211.14232526654602121060.896936876460

3291341.3919444915480203990.85885936714802211100.9350143848480371430.15654086994804803241321.37079031994802651181.1211710949480

3. The results of investigationsThe dependence of radon concentration on humidity of the air

Wykres1

37

45

63

82

93

119

130

140

164

&A

Strona &P

humidty [%]

radon concentration [Bq/m3]

Arkusz1

Sht

25.937

30.445

41.263

49.982

51.593

62.4119

68130

73.9140

85.6164

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

&A

Strona &P

wilgotno [%]

stenie radonu [Bq m-3]

Arkusz2

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz3

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz4

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz5

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz6

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz7

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz8

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz9

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz10

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz11

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz12

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz13

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz14

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz15

&A

Strona &P

Arkusz16

&A

Strona &P

stede (2001-2004) ( s cience t eacher e ducation d evelopment in e urope )

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