status for development of activity data and detecting degradation of forest in laos june 17th 2015...

Status for Development of Activity Data and Detecting Degradation of Forest

in Laos 　

June 17th 2015

Dr. Ryota KAJIWARAKokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.NFIS and FPP Project in Laos

1. Overview of Laos

2. Status for Development of National Level Activity Data in Laos

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in Laos

4. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos

5. Summary

Table of Contents

2

1. Overview of Laos

3

Outline of Lao PDR

4

Main Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Area: Approximately 240,000 km2Topography: Mountainous areaClimate: Tropical monsoon

Expansion of UntraditionalShifting Cultivation Illegal Logging Expansion of Plantation

Situation of Forest• Approximately 40% of nation land

is Forest• Approximately 80% people lives

on forest resources• Forest coverage:

(Present) 70% (1940)→40% (2010)(Target of policy) 65% (2015)→70%

(2020)• Approximately 72% of emission of

CO2 from deforestation and forest degradation

1. Overview of Laos

North region• Almost area is mountainous

and shifting cultivation area• Evergreen forest in

conservation area and along national border

• Rubber and teak plantation• Rice Paddy in valley• Coniferous forest in part of

area

North

Shifting Cultivation Evergreen Forest Plantation (Rubber)

5

1. Overview of Laos

Vegetation of North Region

Central and South region• Flatland along Mekong river

(West) Dry dipterocarp Agricultural area (mainly rice

paddy) Large plantation (rubber,

etc.)• Mountainous area (East)

Many evergreen forest Some shifting cultivation

South

Central

Dry Dipterocarp Rice Paddy Large Plantation (Rubber)

6

1. Overview of Laos

Vegetation of Central and South Region


7

2000 Map 2005 Map 2010 Map 2015 Map 2020 Map 2025 Map

× × × × × ×

1st NFI?(1991-1999)

-FIM?

(2011)Next NFI Next NFI Next NFI

2000 Carbon Map

2005 Carbon Map

2010 Carbon Map

2015 Carbon Map

2020 Carbon Map

2025 Carbon Map

Historical trend

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Em

issio

n F

acto

r (E

F)

Acti

vit

y D

ata

(A

D)

Carbon Change(Emission)



2000-2005

2005-20102010-2015

(Base year?)

REL/RL

REDD+2015-2020

2020-2025



NFMS(Monitoring)

Need for REL/RL Defining Drivers Social Economic Survey

MRVSystem

By FPP Biomass Survey 2015 Forest Cover rate

======

Future workNeed to confirm availability


ALOS/Pansharpen (2010)

SPOT MS (2005)LANDSAT (2000)

RapidEye (2010)SPOT MS (2005)LANDSAT (2000)

*Created by PRISM (2.5m)and AVNIR-2 (10m)

　 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seasons Dry season Rainy season Dry season

Crop Calendar

Slash BurnCroppin

gGrowing Harvest

Abandonment

ALOS/PALSAR(2006-2010)

For Accuracy AssessmentFor Development of Map For Correction


Used Satellite Data

10

RapidEye Imagery Draft Forest Type Map in 2010


Draft National Level Forest Type Map in 2010

Forest Non- Forest Total U.A

CurrentForest

530 213 743 71.3%

PotentialForest

147 379 526

NF 28 131 159

Total 705 723 1428

P.A 75.2% 70.5%

72.8%

74.5%

Overall Accuracy

Map

Assessment data

NF

EF DF MED DD CF MCB EP DP NF

EF 15 48 5 68 22.1%

DF 35 291 20 3 1 147 497 58.6%

MED 0 0

DD 9 34 1 31 75 45.3%

CF 1 15 4 15 3 11 49 30.6%

MCB 2 8 5 2 17 29.4%

EP 15 4 19 78.9%

DP 5 2 11 18 0.0%

NF NF 15 117 0 34 5 2 2 2 508 685 74.2%

66 487 0 92 31 11 20 2 719 1428

22.7% 59.8% 37.0% 48.4% 45.5% 75.0% 0.0% 70.7%

Draft Result of Accuracy Assessment for Forest Type

Assessment data

Current ForestTotal U.A

61.8%

Map

Current Forest

Total

P.A

Overall Accuracy

Overall accuracy for forest and non-forest

72.8%

Overall accuracy for forest types

61.8%


Draft Result of Accuracy Assessment

Forest type map has been revised based on this result

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification

in Laos

12

Purpose Tree Height or DBH Crown Density Area

Previous definition fordomestic/ UNFCCC

purpose5m Tree Height 20% 0.5ha

Current decision fordomestic purpose

10cm DBH 20% 0.5ha

Current decision forUNFCCC purpose

5m Tree Height 20% 0.5ha

13

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in LaosForest Definition (Tree Height or DBH) in Laos

ForestNon-Forest

5m 10cm

ForestNon-Forest

Reason of current decision• Actually, previous NFIs had

measured trees which have DBH more than 10cm

• Government would like to promote that people conserve the forest more.

10cm

Height 7 11 6

DBH 9 20.5 6.7

Crown Diameter

2.2 4.2 1

14

RapidEye (5m)

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in LaosForest Definition (Tree Height or DBH) in Laos

Height 6 5 5

DBH 4 6 4

Crown Diameter

2 2.3 1.3

RapidEye (5m)

IPCC

Laos Non-Forest Forest L/C

L/UCropland? or Forest Land? Forest LandCropland Forest Land

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in LaosIPCC Categories for Shifting Cultivation in Laos

Upland Crop(UC)

Regenerating Vegetation (RV)

Mixed DeciduousForest(MD)

Cycle of shifting cultivation

Level 1

Coniferous Forest CF

Mixed Coniferous andBroadleaved Forest

MCB

Bamboo B

Savannah SAScrub SC

Grassland GWetlands Swamp SW

Upland Crop UCRice Paddy RPOther Agriculture OA

Agriculture Plantation APSettlements Urban U

Barren Land and Rock BROther Land Other Land O

Wetlands Water Water W

Non VegetatedAreas

Other Land

National Level Classification System

RegeneratingVegetation Regenerating Vegetation RV

Grassland Other VegetatedAreas

Cropland Cropland

Forest Land

Current Forest

Evergreen Forest EF

Mixed Deciduous Forest MD

Dry Dipterocarp Forest DD

Forest Plantation P

IPCC DefinitionLevel 2Level 1

High Density Evergreen Forest HEFLow Density Evergreen Forest LEFHigh Density Mixed Deciduous Forest HMDLow Density Mixed Deciduous Forest LMDHigh Density Dry Dipterocarp HDDLow Density Dry Dipterocarp LDD



MCB

Evergreen Forest Plantation EPDeciduous Forest Plantation DP

Bamboo B Bamboo BFallow Land FL

Degraded Forest DFSavannah SAScrub SC






Non VegetatedAreas

Other Land

National Level Classification System Sub-National / Project Level ?



Cropland Cropland

Forest Land

Current Forest

Evergreen Forest EF



Forest Plantation P

IPCC DefinitionLevel 2 Level 3

3. Discussion of Forest Definition and National Level Classification in LaosNational Level Classification System in Laos

Level 3 would deal with degradation of forest.However, national level classification doesn’t include Level 3 at the moment.


17

Level 1



MCB

Bamboo B

Savannah SAScrub SC






Non VegetatedAreas

Other Land

National Level Classification System



Cropland Cropland

Forest Land

Current Forest

Evergreen Forest EF



Forest Plantation P

IPCC DefinitionLevel 2 Actually, degradation of

forest hasn’t been discussed enough yet in Laos so far.

Could Level 2 deal with degradation of forest ?


19

Evergreen Forest Regenerating Vegetation(Degraded Forest)

Evergreen Forest/Mixed Deciduous

Forest

UplandCrop

RegeneratingVegetation

(Fallow Land)

Mixed DeciduousForest

Deforestation

Is it Degradation??Is it Degradation??

(in case of EF -> MD)

It may be Degradation

(1) In case of shifting cultivation

(2) In case of logging and fire

Reforestation Enhancement

4. Status for Degradation of Forest in LaosCan Degradation be detected at National Level ?

20


RapidEye(2010) 1/100,000

Situation of shifting cultivation in Laos

21


RapidEye(2010) 1/25,000


22


RapidEye(2010) 1/10,000


Remained “Mixed Deciduous Forest”

Recovered enough “Mixed Deciduous Forest”

Just recovered “Mixed Deciduous Forest”

“Regenerating Vegetation”(Fallow Land)

This difference is “Level 3”.It can be classified manually.

23


RapidEye(2010) 1/25,000

Situation of logging in Laos

24


RapidEye(2010) 1/10,000

Low density “Evergreen Forest”

High density“Evergreen Forest”

“Regenerating Vegetation”(Degraded Forest)

This difference is “Level 3”.It can be classified manually.

Situation of logging in Laos

25

Status for Development of Activity Data in Laos 2010, 2005 and 2000 forest type maps will be

completed soon with accuracy. 2015 forest type map will be developed in near future. Status for Degradation of Forest in Laos Degradation of forest in Laos hasn’t been discussed

enough yet in Laos so far. Though “Level 3” classification would deal with

degradation, national level classification system doesn’t include it so far.

Are degradation in Laos logging, fire and shifting cultivation?

Can we call case of shifting cultivation is degradation? RapidEye(5m) can detect degradation at both Level 2

and 3. However there are some difficulties which are

seasonal, atmospheric, topographic and cost for remote sensing still.

5. Summary

Thank you for your attention!

26with FIPD staff

status for development of activity data and detecting degradation of forest in laos june 17th 2015...

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