status and impact of bactrocera invadens in south africa ... · mango production west africa in...
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Ms. S.N.E. Mnguni
Plant Health: Early Warning Systems
Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries
Status and impact of Bactrocera invadens in
South Africa, the history and the current situation
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Bactrocera invadens
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Fruitflies impact to the economy
The most feared, destructive phytosanitary pests!
Pose an economic problem throughout the whole world
Threatens commercial and non- commercial fruit industries
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Fruitflies impact to the economy
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Examples of economic impact of B.invadens in Africa
East Africa
In Senegal,fruitflies infestation caused a loss of more than 40% on mango production
West Africa
In Ghana, heavy losses estimated to be 60-85%
Southern Africa
In Niassa Province (Mozambique) led to loss of $2.5 million
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National Exotic Fruit Fly Survey
The National surveillance program started in 2006
National Plant Protection Organisation of South Africa (NPPOZA)
:EWS/IS
POE’s, Major cities, production areas, transects
Initial Development of the SA Fruit Fly Action Plan including industry
Intensified Action Plan was developed
after B. invadens infestation was officially reported in Zambia,
Mozambique and Namibia
Bactrocera invadens steering committee (BiSC) was formed: Industry
members plus DAFF
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Detection survey for B. invadens in South Africa
To determine if pest is present in an area.
Early detection can make eradication of the pest possible.
Information from detection surveys (trapping) can be used in establishment of pest
free areas
An area in which a specific pest does not occur as demonstrated by scientific
evidence and in which, where appropriate, this condition is being officially
maintained.
PFA status is accepted based on compliance with relevant ISPMS
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Trapping: POE/Cities
All the major cities in South Africa
Mostly border posts in the north and east of SA
Focus is imported goods as well as travelers
ME, Biolure and Cue lure traps
Traps placed at areas around waste dumps, hotels, sports grounds
Serviced once a month by NPPO
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Transects
From Platjan to Pafuri
Musina to Louis Trichardt
Lebombo to Nelspruit
Golela to Kosi Bay
ME and Biolure traps
Serviced mostly two weekly in winter once a month by the NPPO
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Production Areas
Divided amongst industry members and executed mostly by industry
Also by NPPO
ME and Biolure
NPPO a few Cue lure traps
Serviced monthly
Focus country wide but mostly in Limpopo and Mpumalanga by Citrus
and Subtropical industry
Focus by deciduous industry mostly in western an northern cape
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Trapping for B. invadens and other exotic fruit flies
Attractants:
Methyl Eugenol (ME)
Attracts males of B. invadens
Biolure 3-component lure or protein bait
Attracts males and females of B. invadens and other
fruit flies
Cue lure
Attracts males of B. cucurbitae and Dacus species
Trap – Chempac Bucket trap,Lynfield,MacPhail or
Moroccan trap
DDVP strip
Trap serviced 1-2 times per month depending on available
capacity in particular areas
Moroccan trap
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Lure used
Methyl eugenol lure Methyl eugenol block
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Lure used
Biolure
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Killing strip
Vapona-”Cheese”
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Bucket type trap
Chempac bucket traps
Morocco trap
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Bucket type trap
Lynfield trap
McPhail trap
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WEIPE & GROBLERSBRUG 2010
Detection: 1st 5 May 2010 (Weipe), 2nd 21 May (Groblersbrug)
Delimiting: 12 May (Weipe), 2 August (Groblersbrug)
Eradication commenced in June (Weipe) ,17 September (Groblersbrug)
Eradication: intensive control efforts over specified time
BiSC determined a quarantine area weekly meetings since detection
In terms of R110 movement control was initiated
Growers meetings were conducted for citrus and vegetable producers on
the area
Strict movement control was instated for fresh produce form the area via
permits
Permits are conditional to several measures to interact
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Eradication
Application of protein bait sprays,M3 bait station and the deployment of male annihilation
blocks
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2010
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QUARANTINE AREA MEASURES
Surveillance
Sanitation
Eradication measures
Inspection
Movement conditions
Post harvest treatment
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STATUS 2011
5 areas were hit in total
23 March Tshipise
25 May Weipe
25 May Groblersbrug
22 June Nwanedi
17 August Levubu
An official eradication program was instated according to the South African B.
invadens action plan after every hit.
Stakeholder involvement
Eradication successful!!!
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2011
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STATUS 2012
By Limpopo River border area from Pontdrift border post to Beitbridge area,
bordering both Botswana and Zimbabwe
The Musina town residential area
Tshipise area which is 40km south east of Beitbridge
The Louis Trichadt town residential area
Levubu area
The Mpumalanga province in Burgershall area,Hoedspruit and Deerpark
The detections were between month February and May
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WHAT NOW??
Eradication was initiated in all the areas where B. invadens was detected
Bilateral communications with the relevant NPPO’s are underway
The status of B. invadens in S.A. is transient, actionable and under
eradication
DAFF continues to manage, ensuring appropriate measures of protection
are well taken in accordance with relevant international standards
Even though Bi was successfully eradicated in Northern parts of SA,
threat of reinvasion in other parts of SA remains a possibility
Therefore, it is very important to maintain a surveillance network to
ensure rapid response
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Status
The status notified to the IPPC, trading partners and neighboring
countries is:
Transient – actionable and under surveillance
It needs to be updated to – Transient- actionable and under eradication
It is in every producer’s best interest to start with surveillance
This will help to form a definite picture where B. invadens does not
occur
Bilateral communications with the relevant NPPO’s are underway
DAFF continues to manage, ensuring appropriate measures of
protection are well taken in accordance with relevant international
standards
Even though Bi was successfully eradicated in Northern parts of SA,
threat of reinvasion in other parts of SA remains a possibility
Therefore, it is very important to maintain a surveillance network to
ensure rapid response
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THANK YOU!