Statistics solution using SPSS:

Time to help a stranger was investigated by a group of undergraduate psychology majors as a part of their Introduction to Research Methods course. The students thought that gender of the person asking for help would be a factor, as would the dress of the person asking for help. So to investigate this, the students staged a car problem on a busy parking lot at the mall. One male and one female student (dressed casually but neatly) and another male and female (dressed grunge) acted as if their car wouldn’t start. Other students sitting in their own cars clocked the length of time (in minutes) a stranger would attempt to help these four actors. a)The appropriate analysis to determine if there were significant effects of gender and dress Here two ANOVA is appropriate to determine if there were significant effects of gender and dress.

Time to help a stranger

Mean

Table: Descriptive Statistics

Gender

Dress

Casual Grunge Total

Male 12.3333 9.0000 10.4286

Female 21.2500 6.6667 15.0000

Total 17.4286 8.0000 12.7143

Table :Two way ANOVA table

SourceType III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Corrected Model 456.774(a) 3 152.258 16.902 .000

Intercept 2079.054 1 2079.054 230.792 .000

Gender 37.149 1 37.149 4.124 .070

Dress 275.149 1 275.149 30.544 .000

Gender * Dress 108.482 1 108.482 12.042 .006

Error 90.083 10 9.008

Total 2810.000 14

Corrected Total 546.857 13

a R Squared = .835 (Adjusted R Squared = .786)

Conclusion:

Fails to reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the mean time to help among males and females.

Reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the mean time to help among the two type of dress.

Reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant interaction between gender and dress.The appropriate graph and interpret .Figure 1: Marginal means plot

GenderFemaleMale

Est

imat

ed

Ma

rgin

al M

ean

s

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

6.67

9.00

21.25

12.33

GrungeCasual

Dress

Estimated Marginal Means of Time to help a stranger

The marginal means plot suggest that there is no significant difference in the mean time help with respect to gender but it is significantly different dress. The plot also suggest that there is significant interaction effect between gender as the slope of the line are in different direction.

Casual

Male Female

14

11

12

25

20

25

15

Grunge

8

12

8

8

8

5

7

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