states' role in expanding broadband - pew center - june 2010
TRANSCRIPT
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8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
1/42June 2010
Bringing AmericAUP TO SPeeD
InTeRACTIVe
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.org -
8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
2/42i Pw Ctr th Statsi
Th Pw Ctr th Stats is a divisi Th Pw Charitabl Trsts that idtis ad advacs
ctiv sltis t critical isss acig stats. Pw is a prt rgaizati that applis a rigrs,
aalytical apprach t iprv pblic plicy, ir th pblic ad stilat civic li.
PEW CENTER ON THE STATES
Ssa K. urah, aagig dirctr
PRoJeCT TeAm
Writers
mlissa mayard, ta ladr
A Clk
Dail C. Vck
Will Wils
This rprt bitd r th isights ad xprtis tw xtral rviwrs: Jd Klk, assciat
dirctr rsarch at th Pblic Plicy Istitt Caliria ad athr a PPIC rprt bradbad
rlasd i Jaary 2010, ad L Raii, dirctr th Pw Itrt & Arica Li Prjct at th
Pw Rsarch Ctr. Whil ths xprts hav scrd th rprt r accracy, ithr thy r thir
rgaizatis cssarily drs its idigs r cclsis.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
W thak r Pw cllagsnacy Agsti, Ja Brakll, Kil Hh ad Barbara Rswiczr
hlpig act chck th rprt, ad Ja Brakll, nicl Drt, Sarah Hlt, Adrw mcDald adGay Willias r assistig with cicatis ad dissiati. W als thak michll Harris ad
Kathy Litzbrg r thir ditrial wrk. Fially, w thak th ay dral, stat ad lcal fcials ad
thr xprts i th ld wh wr s grs with thir ti, kwldg ad xprtis.
Fr additial irati Pw ad th Ctr th Stats, plas visit www.pewcenteronthestates.org .
This rprt is itdd r dcatial ad iratial prpss. Rrcs t spcic plicy
akrs r cpais hav b icldd slly t advac ths prpss ad d t cstitt a
drst, spsrship r rcdati by th Pw Ctr th Stats.
2010 Th Pw Charitabl Trsts. All Rights Rsrvd.
901 e Strt nW, 10th Flr 2005 markt Strt, Sit 1700
Washigt, DC 20004 Philadlphia, PA 19103
Editors
Dia Fachr
Lri Grag
michl mariai Vagh
Publications and Web
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eva Ptlr
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http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/ -
8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
3/42
June 2010
Dear Reader:
Broadband has earned the term game changer, and it is easy to see why. Once considered a
convenience, access to broadband Internet service has crossed the threshold to necessity. As
increasing numbers o business, government and personal interactions move online, Americans
who lack reliable, aordable, high-speed Internet connections may be let behind.
States recognize the potential o broadband to drive their economies and to help their residents and
businesses compete in an increasingly global marketplace. Some states have been working or years
to expand the publics access to and adoption o broadband, and many more expect the technology
to play an important role in delivering a range o servicesrom education and health care to
public saety and air and accurate electionsmore efciently and eectively.
Universal, high-speed broadband access is a national goal, but to achieve it, states will need to ramp
up their eorts. To propel them orward, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is providing
states and their partners with $7.2 billion in stimulus unds. And a new National Broadband Plan,
released in March 2010 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), has set ambitious
goals that rely heavily on states, in partnership with ederal and local governments, private-sector
providers and nonproft organizations.
This report, Bringing America Up to Speed: States Role in Expanding Broadband, looks at the
national push to ensure high-quality, high-speed broadband access or all Americans. The report
highlights innovative state programs that served as models or the FCCs planand examines the
myriad challenges all states will ace i they are to play a key role in expanding this technology inunprecedented ways.
Bringing America Up to Speed builds on the Pew Center on the States growing portolio o research
analyzing states fscal health and economic competitiveness. Our goal is to help policy leaders
chart a path toward recovery today and sustainability tomorrow. We hope this report will inorm
and guide states as they seek to capitalize on broadbands promise.
Sincerely,
Susan K. Urahn
Managing Director, Pew Center on the States
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.orghttp://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/broadband/www.pewcenteronthestates.org -
8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
4/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
ovrviw: Stats Rl i Drivig Aricas
Bradbad Ftr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
exhibit 2. Bradbad i Arica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7natial Prpss:
Why Bradbad mattrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Disparity i Bradbad Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
exhibit 3. Itrt us i nrth Carlia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Bradbad Adpti:
Brigig Arica oli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
C c l s i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
edts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Ctts
InTeRACTIVe
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8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
5/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
I th digitally driv scity th twty-irst
ctry, stats rcgiz that bradbad is a
pwrl tchlgy that cld hlp th cpt
r ctivly i a glbal arktplac. Icrasigly,
thy ar lkig t bradbad as a pttial vhicl
r dlivrig qality dcati, pblic saty, halth
car ad gvrt srvics ad r prtig
cic grwth by givig bsisss th tls thy
d t thriv.
I dt thik y ca vrstat th ipact that
[bradbad dplyt] is gig t hav r
cic dvlpt a wid varity lvls,
said Klly Gs, scrtary crc i Wst
Virgiia. Bcas th tchlgy vtally will b
biqits, cic grwth i rral aras witht
bradbad will b alst ipssibl, Gs said.1
Yt Arica lags bhid ch th rst th
wrld i adpti high-spd bradbad.
Accrdig t th orgaisati r ecic C-
oprati ad Dvlpt (oeCD), th uitd
Stats slippd r th tp ctry i th wrld r
bradbad accss i 2000 t 15th last yar.2
Tday, bradbad is availabl t abt 95 prct
Aricas. Bt that igr asks wid ggraphic,
cic ad dgraphic disparitis, ad ay
xprts say bth th qality ad spd srvic i
th uitd Stats d t b iprvd t kp pac
with thr atis. Ad ly 65 prct Aricas
actally hav bradbad at h. Th raidr
apprxiatly 100 illi Aricassay thy
cat ard it, d t kw hw t s it r bliv
it is irrlvat t thir livs, ag thr actrs.3
Th availability bradbad is a spciic
challg r abt 14 illi idividals i this
ctry: Th irastrctr is t i plac r th
t sbscrib t bradbad i th prdiatly
rral aras whr thy liv. Th dirct cst clsig
this gap is $23.5 billi, accrdig t th Fdral
Cicatis Cissi (FCC).4 Bt Arica
will pay a ch highr pric i it ds t sr
ivrsal accss t high-spd bradbad, accrdig
t a march 2010 stdy by th Digital Ipact Grp, a
Philadlphia-basd prit rgaizati ddicatdt icrasig bradbad adpti, ad ecslt
Crprati, a Philadlphia-basd cic
csltig ir. Th stdy stiats th ttal aal
cst digital xclsi at r tha $55 billi pr
yar i lst cic activity, ad it stiats gais
that wld b ad i aras sch as -gvrt,
rgy, halth car ad trasprtati i bradbad
wr biqits. Icrasig th s bradbad
i halth car wld b wrth $15 billi al, th
grps d.5
Whil bradbad is trasrig ay aspcts
Aricas livsr hw citizs apply r
jbs t hw thy rgistr t vtths chags
ar rlativly w, s t ch is kw abt
thir ltiat ipact. Fr xapl, as 2005,
77 prct Frt 500 cpais pstd jb
pigs ad accptd applicatis ly li,
bt th vrall rlatiship btw bradbad
accss ad plyt is clar.6 Ad qstis
rai abt what th apprpriat rls ar r
gvrticldig statsi xpadig ad
prtig bradbad.
Still, a grwig br stats ar dvtig r
ti, attti ad, i s cass, y t captr
what thy viw as a pwrl vhicl r grwth. Wst
Virgiia is ay tryig t catch p.
ovrviw: Stats Rl i DrivigAricas Bradbad Ftr
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8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
6/422 Pw Ctr th Stats2
Histrically dpdt aactrig,
Wst Virgiia has lg b ag th last-
cctd stats i trs bradbad accss,
spd srvic rd ad th rat at which
rsidts hav adptd it.7 Stat ladrs bliv
that bradbad has th pttial t slv ay
Wst Virgiias prbls by ablig rsidts
t liv ad wrk whr thy wat witht ar
big lt bhid by th rst th wrld. Bt t
dat, th stats tpgraphic, dgraphic ad
cic challgs hav ad it ipractical
r privat prvidrs t r srvics t ay
aras at ardabl rats, which i tr has liitd
accss ag rsidts ad bsisss t th
ggraphically bdlss cy gds adsrvics blssig li.
Wst Virgiia xpliis th challgs that stats
with larg rral pplatis ac i srig that
thir rsidts hav ardabl accss t high-spd,
rliabl bradbad. Apprxiatly 80 prct
Wst Virgiias rsidts liv i aras that ar
classiid as rral by th uitd Stats Dpartt
Agricltr.
All that, hwvr, ay b chagig. Th Arica
Rcvry ad Rivstt Act 2009 is ppig
$7.2 billi i stils y it rts t
achiv ivrsal bradbad ad tap it its
pttial applicatis. Th ds ar lwig t
bradbad prvidrs, stat ad lcal agcis,
prit rgaizatis ad varis pblic-privat
partrships acrss th 50 stats t hlp xpad
bradbad accss thrgh th physical bild-t
irastrctr ad t spprt prgras that sprr csrs t adpt it. Th y als is
bstig th capacity stats t cllct bttr data
ad ap xistig bradbad accss ad spds
withi thir brdrs.
Th stils prgra als sprrd th crati
a natial Bradbad Pla, dvlpd by th
FCC, which sts t gals r ivrsally accssibl,
ardabl bradbad ad stratgis r achivig
th. Rlasd i march 2010, th pla aks
hdrds rcdatis t Cgrss, th
xctiv brach, dral rglatrs ad stat ad
lcal gvrts.
I Wst Virgiia, a $126 illi stils award t
th gvrrs ic t dply bradbad r
xtsivly acrss th stat ay hlp ak th
visi r widsprad bradbad availability a
rality i a shrtr tira tha ay wld
hav dard t hp. What it ds r Wst
Virgiia is it givs s a chac t trly b abl t
cicat with vry ara r stat ad with
th rst th wrld, said Gvrr J machi,
wh i 2007 prpsd a gal havig high-spd
Itrt i vry cty. That was a tall rdr, bt I
kw that w dd t hav that srt visi r
s t v start dw th path.8
Stats ot i Frt
Stat ad lcal gvrts icrasigly ar
lkig t bradbad as a way t gai a cptitiv
advatag i a tgh cy ad as a as
t dlivr srvics r icitly ad ctivly
as bdgts tight. Thir rts als ar critical
t achivig th abitis gals th natial
Bradbad Pla.
Th pla calls r swpig plicy rrs; icrasd
dig; acti by dral, stat, lcal ad tribal
gvrts; ad partrships with privat-sctr
prvidrs. Ag thr gals, it sks t icras
availability, adpti ad th s bradbad r
atial prpsssch as cic dvlpt,
halth car, dcati, pblic saty ad gvrt
trasparcyall which will rqir stats t play a
sigiicat rl (s sidbar, Th natial Bradbad
Pla: Lg-Tr Gals). Th pla stats9:
[B]roadband in America is not all it needs to be...
Broadband-enabled health information technology (IT)
can improve care and lower costs by hundreds of billions
S T AT e S R o L e
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8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
7/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
S T AT e S R o L e
of dollars in the coming decades, yet the United States is
behind many advanced countries in the adoption of such
technology. Broadband can provide teachers with tools
that allow students to learn the same course material
in half the time, but there is a dearth of easily accessible
digital educational content required for such opportunities.
A broadband-enabled Smart Grid could increase energy
independence and efficiency, but much of the data required
to capture these benefits are inaccessible to consumers,
businesses and entrepreneurs. And nearly a decade after
9/11, our first responders still lack a nationwide public safety
mobile broadband communications network, even though
such a network could improve emergency response and
homeland security.
may stat ladrs agr. Bradbad is as iprtat
t cic dvlpt tday as lctricity was at
th tr th twtith ctryvital t r qality
li ad sstial r bsiss, gvrt ad r
citis, said mista Gvrr Ti Pawlty i
a 2006 statt.10
I Arica wats t cpt i a icrasigly glbal
cy, it will d t lly lvrag bradbads
pttial. W ca iagi that th tr thItrt i larg part is gig t b vid, ad
particlarly 3-D vid, said Richard Whitt, Washigt,
D.C., tlc ad dia csl r Ggl. Its gig
t b vry itractiv ad ivlv ay disis
dirt kids platrs. Th thigs w thik
as scrs ay lgr b th cas; it ay b
that yr tir hs sstially bcs Itrt-
abld.12 Thrgh its Fibr r Citis iitiativ,
Ggl challgd gvrts, bsisss ad
idividals i arly 2010 t prps ivativ ss
r its xprital, ltra-high-spd twrk that is
xpctd t b r tha 100 tis astr tha typical
Itrt spds. Th cpay is plaig t bild
ad tst th srvic with as ay as 500,000 srs i
slctd citis.13
Svral ajr dvlptsth stils packag,
th natial Bradbad Pla ad th Ggl gigabit
iitiativ, ag thrsar cvrgig t crat
a virt that cld vlv i ay psitiv
ways, said Ji Ballr, a Washigt, D.C.-basd
bradbad xprt ad lawyr whs ir, th Ballr
ad Hrbst Law Grp, adviss svral stat ad lcal
gvrts bradbad ad is wrkig with
Ggl its iitiativ. W ar sig sigiicat
prgrss at all lvls gvrt. may stat ad
lcal gvrts hav ad a lt prgrss ith last tw yars, ad wr likly t s a lt r
prgrss i th xt tw yars.14
The NaTioNal BroadBaNd PlaN: loNg-Term goals
The National Broadband Plan sets forth the following six long-term goals 11:
1. At least 100 million U.S. homes should have affordable access to actual download speeds of at least 100 megabits
per second and actual upload speeds of at least 50 megabits per second.
2. The United States should lead the world in mobile innovation, with the fastest and most extensive wireless
networks of any nation.
3. Every American should have affordable access to robust broadband service and the means and skills to subscribe
if they so choose.
4. Every American community should have affordable access to at least one gigabit per second broadband service
to anchor institutions such as schools, hospitals and government buildings.
5. To ensure the safety of the American people, every first responder should have access to a nationwide, wireless,
interoperable broadband public safety network.
6. To ensure that America leads in the clean energy economy, every American should be able to use broadband to
track and manage their real-time energy consumption.
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8/9/2019 States' Role in Expanding Broadband - Pew Center - June 2010
8/424 Pw Ctr th Stats4
S T AT e S R o L e
Bradbad prgras i a hadl ivativ
stats wr dls r th dral gvrt.
Caliria, r xapl, was a arly ladr ag
stats i icrasig bradbad adpti ad s,
particlarly i trs appig whr bradbad
was availabl statwid ad plaig r xpasi.
I act, Blair Lvi, xctiv dirctr th oibs
Bradbad Iitiativ, which vrsaw dvlpt
th atial pla, ackwldgd that th
FCC clld idas r th wrk Calirias
Bradbad Task Frc, whs ial rprt, Th
Stat Cctivity, rlasd i 2008, icldd
cprhsiv rcdatis basd ipt
r a varity pblic ad privat-sctr partrs.20Th task rc als dvlpd a sphisticatd ap
rsidts ad thir bradbad accss.
Ths rts sic hav abld th stat t bttr
targt rsrcs t drsrvd pplatis. Th
stat tility cissi bilt th task rcs
wrk wh it cratd th Caliria Advacd
Srvics Fd, which prts bradbad i
srvd ad drsrvd aras thrgh iacial
awards t prvidrs.21 W wr abl t cs
th y ths particlar aras that wr
idtiid as drsrvd, said Rachll Chg,
spcial csl advacd irati ad
cicatis tchlgis r Calirias oic
th Stat Chi Irati oicr ad a rr
Caliria pblic tility cissir.22
mistas lti-prgd apprach t
bradbad adpti ad xpasi als dats
back a w yars. I 2007, th stat cratd th
mista ultra High-Spd Bradbad Task
Frc, rprstig bth rba ad rral aras.
Th grps ial rprt, rlasd i nvbr
2009, rcdd bradbad accss r all
th stats hs ad bsisss by 2015,
tax ictivs r idividals, bsisss ad
rgaizatis t icras digital litracy, ad
The Need for sPeed
The federal agencies that set the rules for qualifying
for broadband stimulus money confronted a
daunting question: How fast, exactly, should anInternet connection be to qualify as broadband?
They settled on a relatively low threshold of 768
kilobits per second for downloads and 200 kilobits
per second for uploads. This is about the speed
you would get from the cheapest plan from most
providers of high-speed hookups that use existing
phone lines, as opposed to cable.15 The low bar
presumably focuses the stimulus efforts on areas
with almost no service at all. But broadband
experts argue that the country soon must push
for even faster speeds across the board for the
United States to remain competitive with other
industrialized countries.
Were flat-out not competitive, said Jane Smith
Patterson, executive director of North Carolinas
e-NC Authority, an agency that promotes broadband
in the Tar Heel State. Faster broadband is very
important to this country. This is the transport of
knowledge and opportunity.16
Advocates are especially concerned that the United
States is falling behind other developed countries in
rolling out ultrafast Internet connections. They point
out that Japan offers connections of one gigabit per
second, which is fast enough to download a full-
length movie in just 12 seconds. Google is launching
an effort to bring similar speeds100 times faster
than typical connections in the United Statesto as
many as 500,000 Americans.17
Googles initiative may be innovative, but it will do
little in the near term to change the fact that the
United States is falling behind. In fact, the United
States ranked 24th among developed countries in an
OECD survey of 2009 advertised broadband speeds.
The average U.S. speed of 14 megabits per second
is roughly half the typical speed in Hungary and the
Netherlands and well behind Japan, Portugal, France
and South Korea. According to the OECD, Japanand Portugal boasted average advertised download
speeds of more than 100 megabits per second.18 A
more comprehensive assessment by the FCC of just
the United States showed that only 11.4 percent of
all connections in the country were 10 megabits per
second or faster. Across the states, broadband speeds
vary considerably. As the availability gap narrows,
improving the speed of the service will become
increasingly more important (see Exhibit 1).19
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9/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
S T AT e S R o L e
iacial assistac t hlp lw-ic ppl
pay r srvics.23 Th lgislatr vd qickly t
accpt s th rcdatis, ad i April
2010, Gvrr Pawlty sigd it law a bill that
sts stat bradbad gals r dplyt adspd, icldig biqits accss by 2015.24
Additially, mista is ag a br
stats that r prvidrs r lxibl altrativ
rglati arragts i xchag r thir
citts t xpad bradbad dplyt.25
Als calld ictiv rglatis, ths arragts
typically allw rglatd prvidrs t ar
largr prits; thy als rlax gvrt rviw
prpsd rat icrass, i prvidrs tprrac targts.
nrth Carlia, awhil, has wrkd r alst
a dcad t brig r ppl li. I 2000,
it cratd -nC Athrity, th atis irst stat
bradbad agcy. Th grp has sd partrships
with rral ad rba citis ad prvidrs t
xpad bradbad s. Th stat has cpltd
ths rts with tchical dcati ad traiig
r lcal bsisss. Btw 2001 ad 2007, its-nC Bsiss ad Tchlgy Tlctrs prvidd
r Itrt accss t 158,000 rsidts ad
hlpd crat arly 1,500 jbs i s th st
cically distrssd, rral aras th stat.26
Th ctrs sk t icras cic dvlpt
thrgh tchlgyassistig bth idividals
ad bsisss by prvidig srvics sch as -
- cslig, siars ad traiig, tchical
spprt, ic spac ad rsrcs r sall, start-p
cpais, ad pblic accss t th Itrt.27
Stats hav lg histrically viwd crrctly that
bradbad is t jst a ablr cic
dvlpt bt rally has th pttial t b
trasrativ r citis, whthr it is
dcati, halth car r thr ways that th
Itrt is sd, said eg Hag, wh srvd
as dirctr gvrt pratis r th FCCs
Stats vary i th prctag bradbad cctisat varis spds. Th scd cl raks th stats hw cls thy ar t th Arica Rcvry adRivstt Acts gal (th stils stadard) prvidig cctis at last 768 kilbits pr scd.
Data as Dcbr 31, 2008; *Data availabl.
SouRCe: Fdral Cicatis Cissi.
Hawaii 92.5 88.3 * *
oklaha 90.2 84.8 28.0 3.0
nvada 88.8 83.0 30.4 6.6
mai 86.0 82.9 57.6 4.0
Flrida 86.0 82.2 40.3 8.6
Lisiaa 85.3 81.7 * *
Wiscsi 87.8 81.2 27.8 6.4
Rhd Islad 85.5 80.9 * *
Cctict 87.9 80.8 37.5 0.0Illiis 87.9 79.6 31.9 7.5
org 87.3 79.4 39.2 5.3
nw Yrk 83.1 79.1 56.4 55.6
michiga 85.6 78.8 32.6 *
utah 88.6 78.5 33.2 2.9
Washigt 85.7 78.5 40.6 4.8
Caliria 86.2 78.3 19.7 3.9
Txas 86.3 78.1 24.3 5.2
Clrad 87.8 77.5 39.0 1.5
missri 85.4 77.4 16.8 5.2
mista 85.9 77.3 31.1 3.9
Kasas 83.3 77.0 33.7 3.8
Grgia 81.8 76.7 23.7 1.8
Ktcky 88.5 76.7 31.2 26.2
Arkasas 82.7 76.6 * *
nrth Carlia 81.0 76.6 38.0 4.1
massachstts 81.5 76.4 46.9 11.0
Ariza 85.3 76.3 37.6 13.5
Idiaa 84.3 76.2 32.6 13.9
mississippi 85.4 76.2 * *
Alabaa 82.3 76.1 17.9 4.3
Sth Carlia 80.2 75.9 33.1 3.5
Wst Virgiia 83.5 75.8 * *
nw Hapshir 81.1 75.7 54.6 3.7
Dlawar 82.5 75.6 * *
nw Jrsy 80.9 75.6 53.4 35.1
nrth Dakta 85.0 75.3 * *
Iwa 87.0 74.6 * *
ohi 80.7 74.0 37.2 4.5
Psylvaia 79.9 73.5 37.5 8.9
Tss 81.2 73.5 29 2.9
Sth Dakta 81.0 72.6 * *
Idah 81.6 72.4 * *
marylad 78.3 72.1 40.2 11.7
nbraska 81.5 71.1 * *
nw mxic 81.1 70.3 * *
Virgiia 78.8 69.5 38.0 21.5
Vrt 74.0 68.9 * *
Wyig 82.9 68.2 * *
Alaska 76.0 58.9 * *
mtaa 72.9 57.9 * *
200 kbps + 768 kbps + 6 mbps + 10 mbps +
Basicconnection
Stimulusstandard
High-speedconnection
Exhibit 1
hoW fasT is YoUr sTaTes iNTerNeT?
-
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10/426 Pw Ctr th Stats6
S T AT e S R o L e
natial Bradbad Task Frc br vig
t th Whit Hs t b a spcial advisr t
th chi tchlgy icr i march 2010.28
Bt, by s asrs, ay stats lack
capacity t dvlp ad iplt bradbad
plicis ad appig. oly a stiatd 15
stats hav bradbad agcis r athritis,
accrdig t nrth Carlias Pattrs.29 (may,
lik -nC Athrity, ar strctrd as qasi-stat
athritis, which givs th gratr latitd
t partr with th privat sctr appig
ad data cllcti ad grat applicatis.)
Ad br th stils, ly abt a dz
stats had cratd bradbad aps that
allwd th t kw whr th srvic was
availabl withi thir brdrs. Jst a hadl
had dratd dtaild plas r xpadig
accss r had lachd rts t xplrbradbad ad its applicatis.30 I y dt
hav a grp that is lkig at [bradbad]
ad kpig thir y thir targt, yr stat
will ls t i trs its ability t hav what
I csidr th tchlgy kwldg ad
irati ad light, sggstd Pattrs. It
is dspratly iprtat that stats hav this
capacity ad capability.31
I Ariza, Gal updik, tlcicatis
dvlpt aagr at th stats Gvrt
Irati Tchlgy Agcy, td that
thr ar hdrds plys withi Ariza
stat gvrt dvlpig ad xctigplicy i aras sch as trasprtati ad
rgybt ly a w wrkig bradbad
plicy. Giv th iprtac bradbad t
stats cic cptitivss, updik said,
stats shld priritiz dvlpig r itral
capacity ad xprtis.32
nw mxic, awhil, is rlyig sigiicatly
tsid csltats ad titis sch as
th 1st mil Istitt, a prit rgaizaticsd rral tlcicatis, cic
dvlpt ad bradbad csltig, t hlp
dvlp ad xct its bradbad stratgy.
Richard Lwbrg, prsidt 1st mil
Istitt, is ccrd abt th lack itral
capacity i nw mxics stat gvrt. I
ly prs, h said. What is th stat gig
t d i I hit by a bs?33
oicials als rcgiz that thy d tcrdiat rts r ctivly ad shar
r irati acrss stat lis. Accrdig
t Jh Cly, xctiv dirctr Clrads
Statwid Itrt Prtal Athrity, crdiati
acrss stats has b wak. Stats ar
dplicatig rts bcas w dt kw what
thr stats ar dig, Cly said. Part that
is w dt, as stats, td t lk tsid r
w brdrs, ad w thik thy cat hav a
prgra that wld wrk r Clrad i nrth
Carlia. Btthat i act is w th cas.34
A Isi Spprt
Th Arica Rcvry ad Rivstt Act
2009ad its $7.2 billi r bradbad
xpasiprstd a iq pprtity
r stats t ak a sbstatial lap by
States have long historically
viewed correctly that broadbandis not just an enabler o
economic development but
really has the potential to be
transormative or communities.
Eugene Huang, special advisor to
the chie technology oicer at the White
House
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11/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
S T AT e S R o L e
xpadig availability, accss ad th s th
tchlgy t rthr dcati, halth car
dlivry ad thr critical srvics. This dral
y ay jpstart a br bradbad
appig, plaig ad xpasi iitiativs withsigiicat pttial r stats as thy grappl
with th rl that bradbad will play i thir
cis, accrdig t svral xprts.35
Thrgh th Bradbad Tchlgy opprtitis
Prgra (BToP), th u.S. Dpartt Crcs
natial Tlcicatis ad Irati
Adiistrati (nTIA) is distribtig $4.7 billi t a
ix prvidrs, stat agcis, lcalitis, prit
rgaizatis ad varis rs pblic-privat
partrships. Th y is big sd t xpad
accss t ad adpti bradbad, r layig
ibr i th grd t cvrtig libraris adcllgs it pblic cptig ctrs, rts
that hlp itrdc w srs t bradbad ad
dstrat its rlvac t thir livs. Th u.S.
Dpartt Agricltrs Rral utilitis Srvic
is sig th raiig $2.5 billi t achiv
siilar ds i rral aras thrgh its Bradbad
Iprvt Prgra.
Exhibit 2
BROADBAND IN AMERICA
Most connected Least connected
Source: Pew Center on the States, 2010, based on data from the Federal Communications Commission, December 2008
About 100 million Americans lack access to broadband at home. The reasons include cost, limited availability and userslack of knowledge about how it works or how it is relevant to their lives. Urban households are much more likely to havebroadband connections than are households in rural areas.
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12/428 Pw Ctr th Stats8
S T AT e S R o L e
Thrgh th stils packag, th dral
gvrt ipltd th Bradbad Data
Iprvt Act, which is ablig st stats
t dvlp thir w plas r hw t xpad
accss t ad adpti bradbad ad tcrat dtaild aps tliig th crrt stat
availability, tchlgy ad spd. nTIA has $350
illi at its dispsal r appig ad plaig,
rts that ar ixtricably likd. It has awardd
appig gratsrqirig a 20 prct atch
t all stats ad $500,000 ach t st stats r
plaig. All th rsltig data will d it th
natial Bradbad map that will b ad pblic
i Fbrary 2011. nTIA acd i may 2010
that it will accpt applicatis r gig stat
appig rts, with dig r a additial
thr yars data cllcti.
Th data that stats ar big rqird t sbit
t nTIA ar r sphisticatd ad cprhsiv
tha th data drpiig st th arlir
stat appig rts. Th atial ap will
cpris a br layrs: th ggraphic
availability, typs tchlgy ad spd
bradbad srvicaddrss by addrssas
wll as pblic accss pits ad a wid rag
cic ad dgraphic data.36
Icldig this lvl gralarity taks stats ar
byd siply appig whr bradbad is
availabl ad whr it ist. natially cparabl
data abt tchlgy ad spd will b
particlarly iprtat as stats sk t iprv
bradbad rliability ad spd i aras whr
s lvl cctivity is alrady i plac.
nTIA awardd its plaig grats dirctly t stats
with a gal hlpig th bild lg-tr
itral capacity. nTIA acd i may 2010 that
it will allw stats t sk additial dig r a
rag plaig-rlatd activitis, icldig stat
bradbad task rcs r advisry bards, tchical
assistac prgras ad iitiativs t prt
icrasd cptr wrship ad Itrt sag.
What y s tday is th lad i ach stat
big hsd i a br dirt placs, said
A nvill, dirctr th Bradbad mappig
Prgra at nTIA ad a rr assistat scrtary
r cic dvlpt ad tchlgy
r Caliria. Y crtaily s a cic
dvlpt ritati, t that it didt
xist r r iv yars ag, bt ppl wr still
strgglig t b abl t xplai why bradbad
was rally iprtat.37
Th r th stats s th plaig grats t
hlp th dvlp thir lg-rag visis r
bradbad dplyt ad sag, th bttr
psitid thy will b t achiv thir gals. I
y dt hav a hlistic apprach ady dt
hav th statwid visi, yr icrasig yr
chacs ailr, said Charls Ghii, dirctr
th Divisi Tlcicatis i Flridas
Dpartt maagt Srvics. Thats th
way wv b gig at it, th wrg way. W
wr t ragtd i Flrida. I 2001, th statcratd a Digital Divid Ccil, bt its dig ad
spprt disappard s atr its crati.38
missris plaig grat is ablig th stat t
tak a lg-tr prspctiv ad dvlp a bttr
crdiatd, statwid apprach, accrdig t
Rbrt Dlly, bsiss dvlpt aagr
r th missri Dpartt ecic
Dvlpt. This is critical wh akig
dcisis abt ay typ pblic asst that will
rqir ctid ivstts vr svral yars,
Dlly td, addig that it is particlarly tr
with a tchlgical asst sch as bradbad that
vlvs qickly. As with trasprtati, Dlly
said, y dt wat t raliz a w yars dw
th rad that y dd a r-la highway
wh y ly pt i a tw-la rad.39
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13/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
S T AT e S R o L e
early, wll-stablishd plaig rts hav ad
a dirc i stats sch as Caliria, mista
ad nrth Carlia, whr crdiati ag
a varity stakhldrs has hlpd acilitat
statwid apprachs t xpadig accss tad th s bradbad. oc th stils was
acd, this wrk hlpd avid a r-r-all
grab r th dral ds ag cptig
privat, prit ad pblic-sctr playrs. Bttr
yt, th stats wr wll psitid t s th
ds t bild thir t. Bt r ay
thr stats, th lack i-hs capacity ad
xprtis bradbad ad it challgig t
btai r dirct th stils ds.
nTIA askd gvrrs r thir ipt all BToP
dig applicatis rigiatig withi thir
brdrs, rgardlss whthr thy ca r
th pblic, privat r prit sctr. S stats
prvidd a list prrrd prjcts bt rd
xplaati r jstiicati; s icldd
a cprhsiv list prjcts, bt rvd
applicatis by t--stat titis bcas thy
lackd a stablishd, -th-grd prsc
i thir stat ad appard t b targtig
ltipl stats with thir tris. othrs, sch
as nrth Carlia, wr abl t prvid a walth
irati t nTIA, cplt with a rakd
list prjcts ad a idpdt aalysis ad
xplaati ach. Ths wr crtaily r
cpllig tstiials r th stats tha th
s that siply said, Hr ar th s w lik,
said nTIA Chi Sta T Pwr. Applicatis
that dstratd thy had by-i r th pblicad privat sctrs ad sicit capacity ad
kw-hw t cplt cplx prjcts hav had
a lg p i th dig prcss, Pwr said.40
Wst Virgiia prvids a cas i pit. At th ti
th stils was acd, th stat had jst
cpltd a plaig prcss that gratd
ipt r a varity pblic ad privat-sctr
stakhldrs, ad it had dvlpd a lg list
prjcts t accplish i th yars t c.41
Th isi dral dllars will tr th stats
plasad i act st its wish listit a
rality i a attr ly 24 t 36 ths, th tirqird by th lgislati r stats t cplt
prjcts dd by th is.42
I additi t a $1.4 illi appig ad plaig
grat ad svral sallr BToP grats awardd t
privat-sctr ad prit partrs,43 Gvrr
machis ic rcivd $126 illi t add
2,400 ils ibr t th stats xistig pblic
saty twrk, which iclds th stats plic
ad ir dpartts ad thr irst rspdrs,t cct r tha 1,000 achr istittis
sch as schls, libraris ad gvrt ics
at a spd p t 45 gabits pr scd. This
i tr will hlp spr ardabl bradbad accss
by allwig lcal Itrt srvic prvidrs t lik
t th stats p twrk. ultiatly, th rt is
xpctd t cct 700,000 hshlds, 110,000
bsisss ad 1,500 achr istittis acrss
Wst Virgiia t high-spd, rliabl bradbad
that cld draatically blstr th cic
cptitivss ay rral ad largly wird
aras th stat.44
Cpltig ths prjcts i thr yars
ay b challgig, spcially r stats
with th highst lvls d. evry stat
is apprachig this dirtly partly bcas
thir dgraphics ad partly bcas
th spply [tlcicatis
cpais] i thir stat, said J. Stph
Fltchr, prsidt th natial Assciati
Stat Chi Irati oicrs (nASCIo)
ad utahs chi irati icr. I utah,
r xapl, gvrt titis ad largr
tlc prvidrs hav b listd t
play a rl bcas ay th sall, rral
tlcicatis prvidrs lackd th
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14/420 Pw Ctr th Stats0
S T AT e S R o L e
capacity v t pt tgthr applicatis.
Wh w wt t t r rral tlcs, thy wr
itrstd bt thy rally didt hav th sta t
writ grat prpsals, Fltchr said. Thy tld
s, W rally cat participat. I th stat didtprvid s th capability, th thy wrt
gig t b abl t g rward with it.45
It als has b tgh t gt th y i
had t gt prjcts dr way. Applicatis
r st bradbad-rlatd stils dig
hav clsd, bt as April 2010, ly $1.2
billi th $4.7 billi allcatd r BToP ad
ly $1.1 billi th $2.5 billi allcatd
thrgh th u.S. Dpartt Agricltr hadb rlasd i grats.46 nTIA acd i
may 2010 that it wld rp th applicati
widw r stat ad lcal gvrts t
bild pblic saty bradbad systs with
700 mHz spctr ad availabl t th by
a rct FCC dcisi. Th dral gvrt
is rqird t bligat all th ds by
Sptbr 30, 2010.47
Stats Crcial Rl
Th stils-dd prjcts c with high
staks. Stats sccsssr ailrswill act
hw thy dcat stdts, prvid halth
car ad prtct th pblic, ag thr
iprtat tcs. Th FCC rcgizd
bradbads rl i th prvisi srvics,
ddicatig a scti th natial Bradbad
Pla t sch atial prpss.
Th FCC wats stats t tak a ladig rl i
iprvig that srvic dlivry. Th pla aks
hdrds rcdatis, ay which
wld draatically act stats i ipltd.
S ar rlativly arrw, bt tgthr thy
add p t pttially sigiicat chags r
gvrts ad th pblic.
may th st rlvat rcdatis
r stats sk t liiat plicy barrirs t th
physical bild-t bradbad irastrctr
sch as accss t th lad dd t bry ibr
ad tility pls dd t hag itad sk t
localiTies geTTiNg iN The game
Some municipalities, such as Lafayette, Louisiana, and Bristol, Virginia, have moved aggressively to expand
broadband on their own. The two cities sought to fill the availability gap by investing in their own municipal
networks and serving citizens directly, as they do with other public utilities, such as water and sewer systems.
In some cases, a similar approach has had a major impact on economic development in rural communities. For
example, after constructing a municipal fiber-to-the-home broadband system, Powell, Wyoming, was able to lure
significant foreign investment. A South Korean venture capital firm has agreed to pay as much as $5.5 million to
engage 150 certified teachers to teach English to South Korean students using high-speed video teleconferencing
that will enable them to work from home.48
With the help of $9 million in state and federal grants, Bristol extended its fiber network to eight counties in
Virginias Coalfield region. That investment has helped bring new jobs to the area; for example, international ITconsulting firm CGI and defense contractor Northrop Grumman cited the network in their decision to hire 700
additional technicians, consultants and call operators in nearby Lebanon, Virginia.49
Several years ago, a number of cities launched programs to provide wireless access to high-speed Internet to their
residents for free or a reduced rate. That movement has died down significantly. But while high-profile projects
were canceled in cities such as Chicago, Houston and San Francisco, some municipalities are continuing to
experiment with this approach. Philadelphia revived its push for municipal Wi-Fi in December 2009, more than a
year after a deal with EarthLink, a private provider, fell through. Corpus Christi, Texas, purchased back its network
from EarthLink after the company backed out of a similar arrangement and has since saved money by using the
network for electronic meter-reading.50
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15/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
S T AT e S R o L e
iprv crdiati ag varis pblic ad
privat-sctr titis. Lvi said h ss a lack
cscisss abt hw sigly rlatd
pblic plicis ad rglatis ca hav a ajr
ipact bradbad. Fr istac, whvr arad is dg p r a twr is bilt r ay ras,
stat ad lcal gvrts shld b thikig
abt whthr additial bradbad accss ca
b icrpratd it th cstrcti.51
S th plas thr rcdatis ar
aid at akig li asir ad r cst-icit
r stat ad lcal gvrts whil spprtig
thir bradbad iitiativs. Fr xapl, th
pla rcds that th FCC strali th
applicati prcss r e-Rat, a grat prgra
thrgh which ay schls hav b cctd
t th Itrt, ad th pla als rcds that
th FCC prvid stats with gratr lxibility abt
hw t s th ds. I y g ad talk t s
th stat ad lcal gvrt lks wh dal
with dcati, th prcss r gttig ds
is icrdibly trts, said th Whit Hss
Hag, wh srvd as Virgiias chi tchlgy
icr dr rr Gvrr mark Warr. W
hav listd t ths ccrs.52
Th FCC alrady has ipltd at last
ths rcdatis: Schl cptig
ctrs rcivig e-Rat dig w ca b ad
availabl r city s ad digital litracy
traiig tsid ral schl hrs.53
Additially, th pla rcds that th
dral gvrt p its ctracts r
tlcicatis srvics r s by stat
ad lcal gvrts, ablig th t
bit r th assiv prchasig pwr
th dral gvrt ad t rdc
trasacti csts icrrd thrgh thir w
cplx ctractig prcsss.54 Th dral
gvrt rcivs a disct 20 prct
t 50 prct th gig arkt rat r
Itrt cctivity ad thr cicatis
srvics. Stat ad lcal gvrts cld
xpct t rciv a siilar disct i th chag
is ada pttially sigiicat savigs r
cash-strappd agcis.55
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16/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
natial Prpss:Why Bradbad mattrs
Th pttial rach ad ipact applicatis r
bradbad srvic dwar th vlty chckig
-ail at a rstarat r btaiig drivig
dirctis a bil ph. Fastr Itrt
accss cld abl w ways dcatig
stdts ad ivlvig parts i hwrk.
It cld allw halth car practitirs t hav
virtal visits withad disps dicati t
patits i rt aras. It cld allw bsissst xpad thir arkts ad rdc vrhad
csts. It cld abl gvrt t prvid
srvics r icitly, ad allw citizs t
itract with gvrt r rqtly ad
r asily. Althgh ay applicatis th
tchlgy ar t w t valat thir ltiat
ctivss, jst abt vry plicy ara that
stats aag cld b actd by xpadig
bradbad accss ad adpti. At th d th
day th st iprtat thig abt bradbad is
t th spd th twrks r th clss
th dvics, bt its hw ppl s it, said Lvi.
Y cat s it witht grat twrks ad grat
dvics, bt its that s that ltiatly dtris
its val t idividals ad t scity.56
Th natial Bradbad Pla idtiis a wid rag
vital aras it calls atial prpssbsiss,
dcati, rgy csrvati, gvrt
accss, plitical prcss ad pblic satythat
cld b wll srvd by gvrt prti
bradbad accss ad s. Th w atial
bradbad stratgy lks at, r xapl, hw
xpadig bradbad cld ak it asir t tak a
class, cslt with a dctr r wrk r h r a
cpay lcatd acrss th ctit.
Th FCC is cragig stats, which hav a hg
stak i ach ths aras, t play a prit
rl i advacig th plas gals. Fr istac,
c bradbad availability is xpadd, dralicials xpct stats t strali prssial
licsr rls t acilitat wrkig acrss stat
lis, spcially r dctrs ad tachrs, ad t
rvap tax cds s li wrkrs ar t payig
priary taxs i r tha stat. Th FCC als
rcds that gvrts, icldig stats,
bild r rbst li srvics that wld
abl citizs t rgistr t vt, lar abt
pblic spdig r sig p r saty t prgras
witht rpatd trips t varis ics. Ad th
FCC is cragig stats t s thir lvragr
xapl, as tility rglatrs that ca adat
th istallati sart trs ad as ajr
halth car prchasrs that ca isist th s
lctric halth rcrdst rg privat idstry
t spd p its dvlpt ad adpti
Itrt-basd tchlgis.
At the end o the day the
most important thing about
broadband is not the speedo the networks or the coolness
o the devices, but its how
people use it.
Blair Levin, executive director o the
Omnibus Broadband Initiative
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17/424 Pw Ctr th Stats4
n AT I o n A L P u R P o S e S
Svral stats alrady ar xtrly activ i ths
atial prps aras. S stat gvrts,
r xapl, ar lkig at a varity ways t
dlivr dical srvics t rral aras. Th FCCs
atial pla addrsss hw bradbad cld
blstr ths rts by allwig patits t visit
dctrs vid r by iprvig rgcy
rsps tis r paradics. Th llwig is a
clsr lk at th plas atial prps gals ad a
saplig stat rts i ths aras. may th
rts ar i thir arly stags, s th jry still is t
thir ctivss.
Halth Car
Bttr s bradbad cld iprv th halth
car syst by drivig dw csts ad iprvig
rslts r patits, th FCC says i its pla. Th
cissi citd a 2007 stdy by th Ctr r
Irati Tchlgy Ladrship that said sig
vid csltati istad i-prs dctr visits
r prisrs, rsig h rsidts ad hspital
patits wh d tsid xprts cld sav $1.2
billi aally.57 Th FCC als ttd th pttial
bits t patits r sig rt itrigdvics t kp tabs ppl wh lav th
hspital atr a ajr dical crisis, sch as a hart
attack. Rt systs ca allw dctrs t s
i a patit is pttig wight r shwig thr
warigs that r hart prbls ar iit,
v br th patit cplais w sypts.
Th cissi pitd t stdis that say jst
trackig patits wh hav r sparat chric
cditis cld sav $197 billi vr 25 yars.58
Th FCC als is prssig stats t ct th rd tap
that cld hapr th widr s Itrt-basd
dici. I its v t prt lg-distac
halth tratt, th cissi wats stats
t ls rstrictis licss r t--stat
dctrs ad t prt th s lctric
prscriptis. Stats alrady hav bg t act. A
grp r tha 20 statsr Alabaa t
Alaskais tryig t ak it asir r a dctr with
a lics i stat t practic i athr, a ky
rqirt i tldici, whr th patit
ad dctr ay b i dirt stats. oicials r
ths stats, cvd by th natial Gvrrs
Assciatis Ctr r Bst Practics, hav b
wrkig straliig th prcss. Stats hav
siilar licsig rqirts, r th st part,
bt ir dircs ak it brds r
physicias t btai ltipl licss, th grp,
which is calld th Stat Alliac r -Halth, wrt
i 2009. Ths dircs als crat iicicis
ad xpsiv rddacis i th licsr prcss
r idividal bards ad th syst as a whl.59
Th alliac sggstd sig a li tl that
wld allw physicias t kp thir prssial
histris p-t-dat. mdical schls, hspitals
ad stat rglatrs als cld dit r vriy
rcrds. That way, wh a dctr wats t apply
t practic i a w stat, ch th paprwrk
chas wld b liiatd.60
Althgh stralid licsig is a gal that had
stat icials scrablig v br th FCC ttd
it, t vry is cvicd that th prcss
applyig r t--stat licss is gh a
bstacl t prvt dctrs r sig patits
rtly. Da Hdk, xctiv scrtary r
th nrth Dakta Bard mdical exairs, was
ivlvd i th alliacs rts. W wat all th
dctrs w ca gt, h said.61 Bt Hdk addd
that h has s littl vidc that th dical
lics prcss is haprig tldici i nrth
Dakta, whr v dctrs r Astralia prvidrt car. oc all th paprwrk is cllctd,
nrth Dakta typically isss a prvisial lics
withi a wk, Hdk said.
I th v t brig pharacis li, utah this
sprig passd lgislati akig it th ly stat t
allw dctrs t prscrib dici t patits thy
xai li.62 Bt th practic is liitd t lcal
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18/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
n AT I o n A L P u R P o S e S
participats. T prvt rad ad sr prdct
saty, utah lawakrs spciid that th dctr
writig th prscripti, th drg str illig it ad
th li cpay cctig th tw st hav
a physical prsc i utah.
Th FCC als calld stats t hlp dvlp th
s lctric halth rcrds, spcially thrgh
mdicaid, th dral-stat halth israc prgra
r th pr. I Caliria, th wrk th bradbad
task rc hlpd th stat cpt r ad wi a
varity dral ds rlatd t -halth bcas
it was abl t dstrat d with slid data,
accrdig t Chg Calirias oic th Stat
Chi Irati oicr. I additi t stils
ds gard tward spdig th adpti
lctric halth rcrds, th stat rcivd $22
illi thrgh a FCC pilt prjct that will hlp
crat th Caliria Tlhalth ntwrk. Th
twrk will cct r tha 800 Caliria
halth car prvidrs i drsrvd aras t a stat
ad atiwid bradbad twrk ddicatd t
halth car. Th gal is r th patit t t hav
t g back it th city as t, said Chg, tig
that th ability t trasit diagstic irati,
sch as X-rays, lctrically ad t prvid spcialty
spprt t rt aras via tldici has th
pttial t draatically rdc halth car csts.63
As the National Broadband Plan notes, broadband can
improve lives by removing barriers of time and space.
The ability to use instant information from around the
world can improve even the most routine activities.
The more crucial the activity, the bigger the benefits of
broadband.
In emergency medicine, for example, high-speed
Internet access can mean the difference between life
and death. In northern Iowa, a young mother of tworecently was rushed to a small community hospital with
injuries sustained in a car crash, recalled Dave Lingren,
interim executive director of the Iowa Communications
Network.64
The mothers injuries, including a fractured skull, were
severe. The hospital performed a CAT scan, but the staff
had to send the images to specialists in Mason City
because the hospital did not have its own radiologist.
Unfortunately, the hospitals Internet connection was
slow, and it took nearly half an hour for the CAT scans
to download in Mason City. As soon as the specialists
saw the images, they called the hospital and told thedoctors there to drill into her skull. Without relieving
the pressure, they said, the mothers brain would not
function. But the call came too late. The mother had died
15 minutes before the radiologists called. That, Lingren
said, is the state of broadband in rural Iowa.
The FCC and the Iowa Hospital Association are now
building an online network for 89 rural providers to
ensure that the same thing does not happen again.
When the $10 million project is completed at the end
of 2011, the network will be 30 to 300 times faster than
current connections.
The National Association of State Emergency Medical
Services Officials envisions a far more advanced scenario.
After a car crash on a stretch of highway far from the
nearest hospital, paramedics could start learning
information about the accident before the ambulance
even arrives, the group said in testimony to the FCC.65
Onboard crash assistance equipment, such as OnStar,can help first responders prepare for the crash scene
by providing data about the severity of damage, speed
of the vehicle and roll-over information, said Kevin
McGinnis, an advisor to the group.66 Such systems may
eventually provide photos and audio, too.
Paramedics also could find out, while still en route,
whether a medical helicopter is available, whether
there are beds available at nearby hospitals and
whether specialists are on duty. Once a patient is in
the ambulance, video feeds could allow doctors to
monitor the crash victims and start ordering treatment,
technology that already is being used in Baton Rouge,Louisiana, and Tucson, Arizona. Wireless sensors could
monitor the patients vital signs, and that data could be
sent to the hospital instantly. An electronic health record
could give doctors, nurses and paramedics their patients
medical history instantly.
It is a far-off vision, though, as most emergency
departments today still employ the radio
communications they used 35 years ago, McGinnis said.
You just cant do that on [todays] narrowband systems.67
sPeed caN save lives
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19/426 Pw Ctr th Stats6
n AT I o n A L P u R P o S e S
Pblic Saty
Accrdig t th natial Bradbad Pla, th
FCC itds t dvlp a cprhsiv li
twrk r pblic saty wrkrs, which wld
lik plic, ir ightrs, ati-trrris tas ad
critical irastrctr its, icldig pwr plat
wrkrs. Siilar plas hav lagishd i th past,
bt th FCC hps its w apprach wld giv
irst rspdrs th ability t s data. Dvlpig
sch a twrk wld c with a sbstatial pric
tag: ovr th xt 10 yars, it wld cst $12 billi
t $16 billi t bild ad aitai th prpsd
twrk.68 Th cissi als wats t rvap
th atis tdatd 911 call ctrs t b abl talrt th pblic drig rgcis.69
o part th FCCs pla r th pblic saty
twrk st alars with stat icials. Th
cissi wats t acti a blck spctr
t crcial carrirs, bt ly th cditi
that ths carrirs wld shar it with pblic
saty agcis. Stat ad lcal icials arg
that ly pblic saty agcis shld b abl
t s th blck. Sv atial rgaizatis,icldig th natial Gvrrs Assciati ad
th natial Crc Stat Lgislatrs, said
th cissis prpsal rlis tstd
tchlgis ad w rglatis that cat
sr rliabl ad rsilit cicatis
capabilitis t t strigt pblic saty ds.70
At th stat lvl, org is bildig a $414
illi cicatis twrk t abl its
irst rspdrs t itract with ach thr, vi rt parts th stat. Th prjct was
prptd i part by FCC rglatis rqirig
rgcy radis t switch rqcis ad s
arrwr chals by 2013 i a rt t s radi
rqcis r icitly. orgs pla ivlvs
bildig r pgradig radi twrs at 265 sits ad
is dsigd t wrk with rspdrs r r stat
dpartts as wll as lcal agcis.71
edcati
Th natial Bradbad Pla is cragig
stats t icld digital litracy stadards i thir
crricla s stdts lar t s li tls. Th
FCC als wats stats t ak it asir r K-12
stdts t tak li crss, v i th tachrs
ths crss ar i thr stats.72 A sris
prpsals at th dral lvl, s icldd i th
bradbad pla ad s that ar alrady dr
way, wld ak cptr labs at lcal schls
ad city cllgs availabl t th largr
city r Itrt accss. Alaska was th irst
stat giv prissi t lt schls that rciv
dral e-Rat sbsidis r bradbad cctist p thir cptr labs r lcal rsidts t
s atr schl hrs.
I a rt t brig tchlgy it th classr,
Psylvaia icials ar wrkig with th atial
prit Pblic Bradcastig Srvic (PBS) t
crat ad aitai digital larig libraris. Th
cllctis giv stdts i th classr accss
t ctt prdcd by PBS r tha 300 pblic
tlvisi statis, bth lcally ad atially,that is rlvat t thir crswrk. Th libraris
icld vid, adi, iags, gas ad thr
itractiv atrs.73
Caliria Gvrr Arld Schwarzggr
has b a vcal prpt vig schls
tward sig r lctric txtbks. I 2009,
th stat dtrid that r digital txtbks
cvrig ath ad chistryt all th
stats crricl stadards, ad athr 10t 90 prct its stadards. Th stat w
is valatig sbissis r pblishrs r
r lctric txtbks cvrig histry, scial
scics ad highr-lvl ath. Lcal schl
districts ltiatly will dtri whthr t s
th r atrials. Schwarzggr has strssd
that th digital txtbks ca b sd i a varity
ways, ad t all th wld rqir a
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20/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
n AT I o n A L P u R P o S e S
Itrt ccti. Fr xapl, stdts cld
rad th a cptr r pritd pags
distribtd by th schls.74
ergy ad th evirtTh natial Bradbad Pla istrcts stats t
pav th way r dvlpig a sart grid that
abls cstrs t s th Itrt t s thir
crrt ad histrical rgy sag ad th pric
pwr. That irati cld hlp cstrs
ak bttr chics abt hw thy s lctricity
ad cld spr a lrry ivatis r third
partisr iPh applicatis that itr a
hs pwr sag t spcializd rzrs that
ak ic ly at ight. I stats d t act ths
chags s, th FCC says, Cgrss shld stp
i ad gt it d.
Txas is stat alrady vig rward
aggrssivly i this ara. Its tilitis hav istalld
r tha illi sart trs that trasit
irati abt lctricity s wirlssly t th
tility, liiatig th d r tr radrs.
Sart trs als ca allw cstrs t s
thir lctric sag br th bill cs, alrt
tilitis t pwr tags ad cicat
wirlssly with hshld appliacs, icldig
itrs that istatly ca shw cstrs hw
ch y thy ar spdig lctricity.
Th Txas Pblic utility Cissi has vrs
th trasiti, icldig sttig rats ad tstig
sart trs.75 Csrs will pay r th w
qipt vr a lg ti. I th Dallas ara, r
xapl, th tility will bill th a xtra $2.19 ath r th xt 11 yars.
othr stats hav b activ i ways t itgrat
Itrt tchlgy with th pwr grid as wll. I
th wak rllig blackts that hbbld th stat
i 2000 ad 2001, Caliria rglatrs ar pshig
a sris wid-rachig chags, ivlvig,
ag thr thigs, hw pwr is gratd ad
hw ch pllti is prdcd as a rslt. millis
cstrs i th Ls Agls ara ar slatd
t cplt th v t sart trs by 2012.76
mawhil, i a rgy csrvati packag
passd i 2008, Psylvaia lawakrs icldd arqirt t rll t sart trs vr 15 yars.77
Ths qstis rgy cspti ad
rgy data accss ar gig t b hadld at th
stat lvl lss Cgrss stps i, said nick Siai,
th FCCs rgy ad virt dirctr r
th bradbad pla. As rclly as w ca, wr
tryig t rg stats t llw th lad Caliria,
Txas ad Psylvaia.78
ecic opprtity
T prt th grwth sall bsisss,
th FCC is callig th u.S. Dpartt
Crc t ak it asy r rgial aagrs
t dcid whr t lcat acilitis by sig
itgratd dral, stat, trib ad lcal data
li. Th natial Bradbad Pla pshs r
xpadd trach rts t trprrs,
spcially thrgh trship prgras w
r by stats ad prit rgaizatis, ad it
als calls r stats, th dral gvrt ad
lcal gvrts t bar part th cst
sch trach. As a dl, th FCC highlightd
a prgra calld JpStart i ohi, a Clvlad-
basd iitiativ lachd i 2004 that pairs
xpricd trprrs with bddig bsiss
ladrs, spcially w ad iritis.79
Accrdig t aalysis, i 2009 JpStart ad
th r dz cpais it wrks with addd $90illi t th lcal cy ad acctd r
664 jbs.80
Athr gal th bradbad pla is t liiat
sitatis that cld sbjct li wrkrs t taxs
r tw r r stats. Th FCC rcdd
that Cgrss sipliy th stat tax rls r bil
wrkrs; lgislati is crrtly stalld.81
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21/428 Pw Ctr th Stats8
n AT I o n A L P u R P o S e S
Gvrt Prracad Civic egagt
Th bradbad pla rcds that Cgrss
allw stats ad lcal gvrts t participat i
dral cicatis ctracts t sav y.
Bt it als crags all gvrts t b r
rspsiv li t thir cstitcis. Th pla
td that th csig array stat rglatis
r th 11 largst ic-dpdt saty t
prgras rqirs a typical aily t ill t six t
ight applicatis ad visit six dirt gvrt
ics.82 I utah, hwvr, a sigl stat wrkr ca
prcss applicatis r mdicaid, d staps ad
wlar bits. oli accss aks that pssibl,said Fltchr, nASCIo prsidt ad utahs CIo. Th
stat has 1,200 wrkrs wh dtri ligibility r
th saty-t prgras; ths, abt 400 t 500
wrk rtly all th ti, sig phs ad th
Itrt, h said.
Th atial pla crags all lvls
gvrt t s bradbad t icras
trasparcy by allwig citizs t participat
i gvrig via th Itrt. Th FCC spciically
rcds that stats allw vtrs t rgistr
li ad t pdat r trasr thir rgistratis
wh thy v. Th cissi als prts
xpasi prgras that allw ths i th
ilitary srvig vrsas t vt li r lctis
at h.83
Ariza bca th irst stat t rll t a li
vtr rgistrati syst i 2002. Th prgra,
calld eZ Vtr, ccts th stats drivrs lics
databas with vtr rgistrati rlls, which hlps
rdc rad. By 2008, abt -ith all
Arizas vtrs had rgistrd li, ad th
scrtary stats ic says 60 prct t 70prct all w rgistratis wr prcssd
lctrically. A stdy cissid by th Pw
Ctr th Stats d that th arragt
savd y, t. I maricpa Cty, whr 60
prct Arizas liv, a li applicati
cst 3 cts t prcss, cpard with 83 cts r
a papr r. Ad Ariza vtrs wh rgistrd
li als had slightly highr trt rats
tha ths wh rgistrd i prs i th 2008
prsidtial lcti.84
othr stats hav llwd Arizas lad.
Washigt sd a siilar syst i th 2008
prsidtial lcti; Clrad, Kasas ad
org all hav sic startd sig li vtr
rgistrati.85
o prjct t ir citizs that attractd ch
attti is KaViw, th irst ay li
tls t hlp rsidts drstad hw thirstat tax dllars ar spt.86 Th Wb sit allws
visitrs t s ctracts, ply salaris ad
agcy xpditrs. oicials itd t iprv
th sit t ak it asir t avigat ad sarch.
or apprach has b t pt vrythig t
thr, vry acctig trasacti, said Kasas
Scrtary Adiistrati Da Gss. Its t
cplicatd i that ss. evrythig is thr.87
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22/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
Bradbad is availabl t 95 prct Aricas,
aig that th irastrctr is i plac r thvast ajrity t sbscrib t bradbad whr
thy liv. Bt that igr asks larg disparitis
ag stats ad lcalitis, rba ad rral aras,
ic lvls, ad racial ad thic backgrds.
Fr istac, r tha hal th stats still hav
lcal jrisdictis whr lss tha 50 prct
hshlds hav accss t bradbad spds that
t th FCCs gals.88
Th statistic als disgiss thr crcial gaps ispd ad qality. Lw spds, pr ccti
qality, high prics ad lack cptiti ag
prvidrs ay t distrss srs wh hav ial
accss t bradbad, spcially i rral aras. mr
tha 50 prct tachrs say slw r rliabl
Itrt accss prsts bstacls t thir s
tchlgy i classrs, accrdig t th FCCs
atial pla. Frthr, ay bsiss lcatis,
schls ad hspitals t hav cctivity
rqirts that cat b t by ass-arkt
DSL, cabl ds, satllit r wirlss rs, ad
st by ddicatd high-capacity circits sch as
T-1 r Gigabit ethrt srvic that ca b diiclt t
acqir r prhibitivly xpsiv, th pla statd.89
esrig bradbad availability r th stiatd
14 illi Aricas r wh sbscribig t
bradbad is t a ptiad iprvig
th qality ad spd xistig srvicstarts
with irastrctr. Bildig t irastrctr
r ay w tchlgyr tlgraph i
th itth ctry t digital tlvisi
tdayis always diiclt. Th prcss is raght
with dispts vr lad, laws ad y. Fr
bradbad, th battl has alrady bg. Whil
ivrsal bradbad accss is a atial gal,
achivig it will dpd th stats. Fr
th, srig that all rsidcs, bsisss,
gvrt ics ad city istittislik libraris hav accss t high-qality, high-
spd bradbad as addrssig a passl
tchical, lgal, cic ad physical bstacls.
midig th Gap
Th irst stp t xpadig bradbad whr it is
st dd is appig crrt accss t high-
spd Itrt cctiswh has th ad
at what spds. Th dral nTIA, rspsibl rdvlpig a natial Bradbad map by Fbrary
2011, has bstd stats appig rts by givig
vry stat a grat thrgh th dral stils
packag t d ths iitiativs.90
Prvisly, abt a dz stats had cratd
bradbad aps that shwd th whr th
srvic was availabl withi thir brdrs.91
Bt v r stats that wr arly ladrs
bradbad appig, sch as Caliria adKtcky, th stils dig is iprvig th
rslts, ablig ch-dd pdats ad
stadardizig data cllcti acrss stats. Th
natial Bradbad mappig prgra rlis
stats t cpil ad sbit data hal a dz
idicatrs: 92
1. Availability bradbad srvic at th
rsidc r bsiss addrss lvl
2. Advrtisd ad actal spds srvic
3. Tchlgy sd (.g., cabl, DSL, Wimax)
4. Avrag rv pr sr
5. Lcati ad capability critical bradbad-
rlatd irastrctr
6. Spctr sd by wirlss bradbad srvic
prvidrs
Disparity I Bradbad Availability
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23/420 Pw Ctr th Stats0
D I S PA R I T Y I n B R o A D B A n D A VA I L A B I L I T Y
This wrk is tchically cplx ad pss
practical challgs bcas it rqirs th
cprati all a stats Itrt prvidrs. Th
rsltig natial Bradbad map ad databas
will b sarchabl by lcati ad will ak pblicst th irati sbittd by stats.
Svral stats hav b sccssl at appig
xistig bradbad cvrag ad spds dspit
th addd diiclty that thy cat rc privat-
sctr prvidrs t divlg prpritary dtails
abt thir cvrag. massachstts, r xapl,
has gtiatd -disclsr agrts with
prvidrs, which is spcially tricky bcas stats
ar sbjct t pblic rcrds laws. Bt th stat
has b abl t tic th prvidrs ad r
th sicit assracs, i part by pitig t
th bits t th prvidrs thslvs, sch as
idtiyig pttial w cstr pplatis,
ad th risks t spprtig th appig
rt. [Th prvidrs] ralizd that thy dd
t b s as part th slti ad t part th prbl, said Jdith Dt, dirctr th
massachstts Bradbad Istitt.93
Bt stats ladig i bradbad dplyt
ar dig ch r tha siply idtiyig
whr bradbad is ad whr it is t.
Washigt stat, r xapl, is ag svral
stats cbiig irati abt bradbad
availability with cic ad dgraphic data
i thir appig wrk t hlp citis bttr
s th irastrctr c it rachs th.94 By
vrlayig dcati ad cic data with
whr bradbad is w ad whr it is pladr, stat agcis ad privat titis r asily
ca idtiy aras whr, r istac, ppl
ight d Itrt-rlatd jb skills traiig r
whr th stats Dpartt Crc ca
targt bsiss dvlpt rts.
Jst th bradbad ap is t gh, said
Agla W, Washigts Bradbad Plicy ad
Prgras aagr. Y hav t pt i th thr
data that aks it r rbst.95
navigatig th Physical Challgs
oc stats dtri whr w r bttr
bradbad accss is dd withi thir brdrs,
th array bstacls t illig i th gaps is
datig. It is t as sipl as rig wir t a
hs. oicials ad privat-sctr prvidrs st
jggl rlatiships ad jrisdictial isss acrss
dral, stat, cty ad icipal agcis ad
dpartts. As th natial Bradbad Pla
idicats, th cst btaiig prits, lasig
tility pl accss ad btaiig rights--way
dd r bradbad irastrctr acrss
ltipl jrisdictis ca add p t as ch as
-ith th cst dplyig ibr ptic cabl.96
Ad st stat ad lcal gvrts agr that
crdiati acrss jrisdictis irastrctr
isss cld ad shld b iprvd.97
Acqirig rights--way acrss ltipl
jrisdictis ca b ag th st ti-
csig, cstly ad rstratig rqirts.
I stats witht crdiatd ad csistt
rights--way arragts, cratig a rbst
twrk ca drag r svral yars r bc
prhibitivly xpsiv.98
Ensuring broadband availability
or the estimated 14 million
Americans or whom subscribing
to broadband is not an option
and improving the quality and
speed o existing servicestarts
with inrastructure.
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24/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
D I S PA R I T Y I n B R o A D B A n D A VA I L A B I L I T Y
S stats hav hadld th prbl by
crdiatig at th stat lvl th rights--way
that prvidrs d. Fr istac, i a iitiativ t
lik bradbad acrss th stat, michigas meTRo
Athrity tk th ris t crdiat pblic rights--way acrss rs citis ad twships.99
each prvidr is rqird t rprt t th athrity
hw ch bradbad li it rs ad whr th
lis ar lcatd. Th stat bills ths prvidrs r
th cst th rights--way ad rallcats th
y t th citis ad tws. Ths icipalitis,
i tr, st rprt t th athrity hw thy spt
th ds (which st b spt pblic rights--
way aitac ad pkp).100
Th arragt garats th bradbad
prvidrs accss t pblic aras ad savs th
th hadach crdiatig with svral
jrisdictis. It als hlps th icipalitis,
ay which d t hav th sta r xprtis
t wrk thrgh th tchical isss assciatd
with scrig bradbad rights--way.101 Th
athritys rl als abls it t act as a pit
ctact r vry, s prvidrs, icipalitis,
citizs ad bsisss ca id t r
icitly wh has ad wh ds bradbad
acrss th stat.
As with rights--way isss, th pl attacht
prcssstrigig tlph r cabl wir r
wirlss attachts t s typ xistig
irastrctr, typically a tility plrqirs
that rs titis act i twrk t
crdiat tiig ad cst, ch lik pblic
ad privat-sctr titis had t d wh
bildig ad sig th ctrys railrad syst.
Cplicatig th attr is that th 134 illi
tility pls atiwid hav dirt wrs
ad dirt rglatis, dpdig th
stat.102 Th FCC rglats ly abt 37 prct
th pls, whil 19 stats ad th District
Clbia hav chs t xrcis jrisdicti
vr s th raiig qipt.
Additially, ths wd by cprativs,
icipalitis ad -tilitis ar xpt r
FCC rglati.103 Dispts vr accss t pls
ca drag t r yarsv i stats with thsgvrd by th FCCdlayig dplyt
bradbad v lgr.
I may 2010, t addrss s ths isss,
th FCC adptd a rdr gratig tily accss
t pls ad clariyig th cst-, ti- ad
spac-savig tchiqs that cicatis
prvidrs ay s wh attachig t pls. At
th sa ti, th FCC als sght ct
r prpsd rlakig t rdc th disparitybtw tlc ad cabl prvidr attacht
rats, t dvlp a spciic tili r th pl
attacht prcss ad t rslv dispts
btw stakhldrs.
Th natial Bradbad Pla calls r Cgrss
t act a chrt ad ir plicy that
wld hariz accss rights ad csts
acrss th ati witht ipigig stat
rglatis that d t clict with sch aatial plicy.104 Abst that atial stadard,
s stats hav sd thir athrity t tak
th lad i straliig ad clariyig th tility
pl attacht prcss (ch as th FCCs
rct rdr ds). Rspdig t a prtractd
dispt ag stakhldrs, nw Yrks Pblic
Srvic Cissi issd a rdr i 2004
that sstially prscribs a tili ad path
rcrs r pl wrs ad th titis skig
accss.105 Th rdr sttld th dispt at had
ad als stablishd a statwid prcdr r
attachig bradbad irastrctr t xistig
tility pls, cvrig isss icldig accss,
tilis, csts ad diati. It ca strali
th prcss, ca lwr th cst ad ca iprv
th icicis all th way ard, said Jsph
Baiak, a tilitis spcialist with th stat Pblic
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25/422 Pw Ctr th Stats2
D I S PA R I T Y I n B R o A D B A n D A VA I L A B I L I T Y
Srvic Cissi. Fr ths stats that hav
crtiid t th FCC that thy rglat tility
pls, it is sthig thy shld lk it i thy
havt alrady.106
Still, Baiak ward that stats shld b carl
abt sig rigid rls i thir apprachs,
giv ast-pacd chags i tchlgy. Fr
xapl, prvidrs s dirt typs wirlss
attachts, which ay rqir icials t rviw
accss rqsts a cas-by-cas basis.107
othr tchlgical challgs rai as
wll. As th natial Bradbad Pla ts,
dvlpig plicis that ar tchlgy
tralaig plicis that ar t basd
ay particlar tchlgy as it xists
at that t ad that rglatis shld
icld all dirt tchlgis that r
sstially th sa srvicshld b a tp
pririty r dral, stat ad lcal icials acrss
th ctry t sr that gvrt is t
rstrictig lxibility as tchlgis vlv.108
Bt tchlgical trality ca b r
challgig tha it ay s bcas plicist addrss sitatis tday ca hav rs
ipacts that wid p actig th bradbad
playig ild.
I th pl attacht ara, r xapl,
th stis patchwrk histry
tlcicatis rglati as that
s bradbad prvidrsicldig
ladli, clllar ad cabl prvidrsay
hav lss accss rights tha thrs (r accss at all), ad accss chargs ca b
siilarly ibalacd. Jsha Sida, vic
prsidt rglatry aairs at Idpdt
Tlph ad Tlcicatis Alliac, a
grp that rprsts id-siz prvidrs, says
r rglatry parity cld lad t gratr
bradbad availability i ay srvd ad
drsrvd aras.109
Addrssig ths lgal ad rglatry barrirs t
accss ad rights--way will t cls th atis
bradbad gaps vright, bt wld pav th
way t dig s.110
Payig th Bill
Athr challg t bradbad dplyt
is cst. Th FCC stiats th dirct cst
clsig th gap at $23.5 billi, ad a br
stats ar idig ways t hlp prvidrs
vrc that bstacl.111 I ay drsrvd
citis, spcially i pr ad rral aras,
bradbad ptrati by privat prvidrs
rais cically asibl bcas th
cst dplyt ay b gratr tha th
pttial r rv r csrs i ths
aras. Th challg rachig 250,000 hsig
its i xtrly rral aras acrss th ctry is
particlarly datig, ad accts r r tha
hal th vrall pric tag. Th cst rachig
ths its is $13.4 billi, r a avrag
$53,600 pr it.112
S stats hav hlpd cct r thir
rsidts by bildig t th twrk thslvs
t spplt xistig ad privat irastrctr.
Fr xapl, svral yars ag, Lisiaa bilt
a statwid twrk cctig its highr
dcati istittis, icldig its city
ad tchical cllgs, ad r ivrsitis i
mississippi. Th stats citt t ivst
The Federal Communications
Commission estimates it will
cost $23.5 billion to make
broadband available to the 14
million people who cannot
subscribe to the service.
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/ -
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26/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
D I S PA R I T Y I n B R o A D B A n D A VA I L A B I L I T Y
abt $40 illi vr 10 yars hlpd lad t $75
illi i grats t rsarchrs wh wr abl t
lvrag th twrk r thir wrk, said Dald
Vadal, xctiv dirctr th Lisiaa optical
ntwrk Iitiativ (LonI).113
That twrk ard Lisiaa i-kid crdit wh
a csrti stat agcis ad dcatial
istittis applid r ad rcivd $80 illi i
dral stils y t bild t a iddl il
twrkwhich liks th cr twrk t lcal
accss pitsr drsrvd citis i rral
Lisiaa. Th prjct will cct th xistig LonI
twrk t 17 ipvrishd parishs i th stat,
which icld r nativ Arica tribal aras.114
Th stat als will b ctractig t last il
prvidrs (wh ak th ccti r th
iddl il accss pit t ach d-sr cstr)
t dlivr high-spd Itrt t achr istittis
sch as schls, libraris, hspitals ad ilitary
istallatis, ad will b lasig xcss ibr twrks
as wll. or ajr bjctiv is gttig ths achr
istittis cctd, Vadal xplaid, bt w
hp that athr priary bit is th cicdvlpt spis that rslt.115
Vadal, lik ay stat icials, phasizs th
iprtac pblic ad privat titis wrkig
tgthr t addrss bradbad availability
challgs. ot, gvrt ladrship is
dd t clar th datal cic r
tpgraphic hrdls t cctig srvd aras,
bt privat prvidrs still ar cssary t actally
istall ad s that ibr, ad t bild that iitial
istallati t rach xtdd sr citis.
Sstaiabl bradbad plicy sltis dpd
ths kids csidratis, said Ray Ba,
chaira th org Pblic utility Cissi.
At a Sptbr 2009 FCC wrkshp csd
bst practics r stat ad lcal gvrts,
Ba said, [W ] dt wat th taxpayr
sbsidizig rat payrs bcas w gt it this
with pblic y ad w d t w cldt
ak it g. Thats why th cs has t b
privat-pblic partrships with th pblic pti
as th last pti.116
nrth Carlias -nC Athrity sprs th srt
pblic-privat partrship that Ba drss,
ad it has ad th Tar Hl Stat a ladr i
prtig bradbad dplyt ad availability.
Sic 1999, th stat has awardd r tha
500 grats, st which wr ad t pblic-
privat (ad als prit) partrships. I 2007
ad 2008 al, th athrity hadd t r
tha $2 illi t privat prvidrs wh wr
rqird t atch th y ad s it t dlivr
bradbad irastrctr ad its applicatis t
srvd ad drsrvd citis. Thrgh
pblic-privat ad pblic-prit partrships,
prjcts dd by -nC Athrity hav cctd
15 schl systs i th stat t bradbad,
icrasd th ccti spd r 10 rgialhspitals ad dplyd bradbad i 10 th
st drsrvd ctis i th stat, ag
thr tcs.117
Bsids sharig r bildig xistig twrks,
as i Lisiaa, s stats ar idtiyig
pprtitis t lvrag xistig irastrctr
i partrships with privat prvidrs. With a
The challenge o reaching
250,000 housing units in
extremely rural areas across the
country is particularly daunting.
The cost o reaching these units
is $13.4 billion, or an averageo $53,600 per unit.
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27/424 Pew Ceer he Saes4
D i S PA R i t y i n B R o A D B A n D A vA i l A B i l i t y
$28.8 m smuus gra, Pesaa
expaded he badwdh a pubc safe
mcrwae ewrka wreess bradbad
ssem prmar used b he sae pce
ceced b wers, ad w re sme f
ha capac prae prders.118
ifrasrucure eds be he ms expese
par f prdg bradbad, sad nam Wa,
Pesaas secrear f admsra. if
he sae cud make ha frasrucure ess
expese prders, he cud g where here
are ecessar eugh cusmers jusf
arge esmes [f her w].We make
ur ewrk bgger ad aw pepe use ha
ewrk. the ca bud ff ha ad prde ha
as me cusmers.119 Maxmzg he exsg
mcrwae aera wers as saed me ad
me, Wa sad, because he erra sme
pars f he sae s cduce ag wre
he grud.
Wh gra prgrams smar nrh Caras,
sme saes hae subsdzed prders fr he
cs f depg bradbad. the Cafra
Adaced Serces Fud prmes bradbad
usered ad udersered areas hrugh
awards iere prders.120 Smar, Maes
CecME Auhr has prded 18 gras
prders brg bradbad usered
areas acrss he sae he mre ha w ears
sce was frmed, wh he pea reach
27,000 husehds.121 the auhr has 31 mreappcas pedg s furh gra-makg
rud. Gras cer abu haf f he cs f a
prjec ad rage frm $50,000 $150,000,
ahugh sme hae bee as arge as $500,000.
the prgram s pad fr b a sma surcharge
-sae rea cmmucas serces ha
brgs abu $1.2 m aua.122
the ms arace prpsas, sad Php lde,
CecMEs execue drecr, shwcase
ad spre creae parershps bewee
cmmues ad prders. Fr sace, f a
cmpa ges free access c prper, such
as he c ha rf, mgh ge he c free
access he iere, lde sad. tha kd
f ge ad ake shws eere s wrkg
geher. 123the gras fcus budg up
access where curre des exs, bu
lde as ackwedged ha he sae hassme udersered rura areas where bradbad
cecs exs bu are as rbus as users
wud hpe.
Saes ca suppr he depme ad
aaab f bradbad udersered areas
umerus her was. Pesaas Ac 183,
fr exampe, requres eephe cmpaes
Exhibit 3
INTERNET USE IN NORTH CAROLINA
North Carolina has worked for more than a decade tobring more people online, especially through the states
e-NC Authority, the first state broadband agency.
Internet
adoption
Computer
ownership
Incomelevel:
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Lessthan
$15,000
$15,000to
$24,999
$25,000to
$29,999
$30,000to
$49,999
$50,000to
$74,999
$75,000to
$99,999
$100,000or more
Source: Pew Center on the States 2010, based on data from North Carolinians Onlineby Kenneth Wilson, East Carolina University, November 2008
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/ -
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28/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
D I S PA R I T Y I n B R o A D B A n D A VA I L A B I L I T Y
r bradbad t thir cstrs. As part
th 2004 law, th stat als cratd ds, via
assssts agaist prvidrs that ar cappd at
$5 illi pr yar, t str bradbad dad
i citis, t spprt trach prgrasttig th bits ad s bradbad
ad t hlp schls gai accss t bradbad
srvic.124 Psylvaia als lvragd its
prchasig vic ad data systs thrgh
a statwid ctract with prvidrs ad thr
tchlgy sllrs that allws lcal gvrts,
schls, libraris ad city cllgs t tak
advatag as wll.125
Hag, spcial advisr t th chi tchlgyicr at th Whit Hs, xplaid a tactic
that Virgiia ipltd wh h was th
stats chi tchlgy icr: W sd dig
r th tbacc sttlt t hlp sr
that citis that wld b ipactd by
th v away r tbacc agricltr wld
actally hav accss t bradbad s that thy
cld ivst i thir w tr.126
mawhil, stats icldig ohi ad Washigthav cragd prvidrs t r r
bradbad i xchag r th stats apprval
rgrs tlcicatis cpais.127
Ad mista, ohi ad Vrt ar ag
th stats rig prvidrs r lxibl
altrativ rglati arragts i xchag
r bradbad dplyt citts.128 Als
calld ictiv rglatis, ths arragts
typically allw rglatd prvidrs t ar largr
prits r rlax th hrdls prvidrs st clar
wh prpsig rat icrass, prvidd thy
t prrac targts.129
Gig arial with cablsthat is, attachig th
t s typ xistig physical irastrctr,
sch as a tility pl, a ir twr r v th
rtp a gvrt bildigis sally
chapr tha layig th i th grd, bt dig
c plicis als ct csts. A massachstts
Bradbad Istitt (mBI) prjct alg I-91
i th wstr part th stat, r istac,
ca abt wh th istitt lard that thstat trasprtati dpartt was istallig
a cdit r a IT-basd traic aagt
syst. Th grp wrkd t a cllabrati
t istall s its w ibr at th sa ti,
ad has sic dvlpd dig c plicy s
with th trasprtati agcy t tak advatag
siilar sitatis wh rights--way alrady
ar acqird ad shvls ar gig t b i th
grd. Ayti th grd is pd r ay
prps, stats d t b thikig abt layig
that cdit, said mBIs Jdith Dt. Th
agcy als has a siilar agrt with th
Dpartt Csrvati ad Rcrati t
hag wirlss qipt attachts th
stats ir twrs.130
Fir twrs ar jst pic th irastrctr
pzzl; stat ad lcal gvrts hav
rs tappd rsrcs i xistig
irastrctr. Virgiia law w rqirs statplic t csidr allwig wirlss Itrt
srvic prvidrs t s thir twrs.131 Ad
Flrida is attptig t ap bth pblic ad
privat irastrctr t bttr s it whvr
pssibl.132 As orgs Ba td at th FCCs
stat ad lcal wrkshp i 2009, [W ] hav a lt
irastrctr t thr wd by tilitis bth
pblic ad privat thats sittig thr that cld
b bttr tilizd tha it is tday i w gt pblic
cprati, lt al privat cprati.133
T rdc th barrirs ad bttr lvrag th
drsd rsrcs at th lcal lvl, Virgiia
dvlpd a city tlkit that, accrdig
t Kar Jacks, Virgiias dpty scrtary
tchlgy, hlps icipal ad cty
gvrts avigat th prcss r sccssl
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29/426 Pw Ctr th Stats6
D I S PA R I T Y I n B R o A D B A n D A VA I L A B I L I T Y
bradbad dplyt. Th tlkit xplais
th varis tchlgis availabl, cvrs lgal
csidratis, prvids sapl ctracts, adviss
citis bradbad-ridly zig,
sch as rqirts r twrs, ad rs thrrlvat advic.
I shrt, said Jacks, it is a chat sht r lcal
gvrts that wat bradbad. Ad thr
is vidc that it wrks.134 Frakli Cty i
sthr Virgiia, r xapl, was csidrig
prchasig a wirlss syst r $500,000. usig
th tlkit s by-dw wrkshtstps r
lvragig what alrady is i plac t rdc
th cstth cty ralizd that xistigtwrs ad lad r twr sits cld rdc
dplyt xpss. Th cty dd p
spdig $83,000. Jacks crdits th tlkit
with hlpig icials dtri th assts thy
had availabl, th applicatis thy wr tryig
t r ad whthr thy had th right kid
plicis t ak th pla wrk.135
I its atial pla, th FCC td that 18 stats
still hav plicis i placr tright bas
t prcdral rqirtsthat cstrai lcal
rts t bild pblic bradbad twrks.136
Th itt sch plicis grally has b t
crag ad tic privat-sctr prvidrs
t ill th d. Bt i s lw-ic ad
rt aras, prvidrs hav t stppd i
ladig th FCC t rcd that citis ghtt hav th lxibility t dvlp pblic twrks
i cssary.137
The fUTUre of Wireless BroadBaNd
As technologies evolve and new broadband platforms develop, some states face the danger of falling further
behind. Nowhere is that more evident than with wireless broadband. While 3G wireless service, or third-generation
mobile telecommunications, is available in areas where 98 percent of Americans live, 40 percent of the countrys
land mass remains without 3G coverage.138 Getting service to those dead spots is crucial because 3G infrastructure
will be integral in the rollout of 4G networks, the next generation of wireless standards.139
For this reason, the FCCs National Broadband Plan recommends creating a Mobility Fund using money that
currently supports high-cost legacy telephone networks to support the deployment of 3G networks in all states,
bringing them up to a level of coverage on which future wireless platforms can be built. 140
Concerns about speed, cost and reliability make unclear the degree to which wireless broadband will be able to
compete with wireline broadband in the future. The National Broadband Plan calls for making 500 megahertz of
spectrumthe scarce airwaves over which wireless signals travelnewly available for broadband within the next
decade, enough to ensure spectrum for growing demand and developing technologies. By freeing up spectrum for
broadband, the FCC hopes to spur wireless-wireline competition to satisfy the speed, cost and reliability needs of
high-speed broadband users.
Greater wireless coverage could have an especially beneficial impact on closing the digital divide for minorities.141
On a typical day, Hispanics and African-Americans are 50 percent more likely than Caucasians to access the Internet
via handheld devices. In the case of African-Americans, handheld devices have helped significantly reduce theoverall broadband access gap.142
http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/ -
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30/42Brigig Arica up t Spd: Stats Rl i expadig Bradbad
Bradbad Adpti:Brigig Arica oliJst 65 prct Aricas sbscrib t
bradbad at h, ad that br varis
draatically r stat t stat. Stats raliz
th risk a prsistt digital divid: Icrasigly,
ths wh s bradbad ay b scity s
wirs, ad ths wh d t ay pay a
high prici ti, y, cvic,
irati ad issd pprtitis.
Bradbad accss r all is sstial t tigth irati ds citis i a
dcracy, Albrt Ibarg, prsidt ad
chi xctiv icr th Jh S. ad Jas
L. Kight Fdati, said at a Kight-spsrd
bradbad r i march 2010. Witht it,
wll d p with a w catgry scd-
class citizs. With it, vry will b abl t
harss th scial ad cic pprtitis
th digital ag.143
Th grp ppl witht bradbad at
ha stiatd 100 illi Aricas
tds t b lss dcatd, lwr wag-arig
ad ldr tha ths wh s th srvic.144
o adlts wh ar high schl gradats, 46
prct s bradbad at h, cpard
with 82 prct ths wh attdd r
gradatd r cllg.145 usag alls alg
siilar ic lis: Apprxiatly 40
prct hshlds with arigs lss
tha $20,000 aally ar bradbad srs,
whil 87 prct hshlds with ics
xcdig $50,000 s bradbad at h.146
n-adptrs als r rqtly blg t
irity r disabld pplatis r liv i rral
aras. I act, idividals with disabilitis ak
p 39 prct -adptrs atially.147
Bradbad hlds trds pttial t
abl ppl with disabilitis t cicat
ad cct with thrs; t gag as part
r atial civic discssi, as li rs
ar bcig th tw halls th twty-irst
ctry, FCC Chaira Jlis Gachwski said i
a spch i march 2010.148
Ths wh lack bradbad accss at h
cit cst, digital illitracy ad th bli that
bradbad wld t datally iprv
thir livs as rass r ailig t sbscrib.149
mr tha -third idividal bradbad
6% use dial-up Internet at home
6% do not have Internet service at home
22% do not use the Internet
Another 1% do not use the Internet but could not be placed in the above categories