states of matter chapter 2 states of matter. anything that takes up space and has mass is matter....
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Chapter 2
States of States of MatterMatter
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• Anything that takes up space and has mass is matter.
2-1 Matter2-1 Matter
All matter is made up of tiny particles such as _______, _______, or _____.
salt— NaCl
water—H2O
sodium— Na atoms
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• What determines the state of matter?
__________________ and ___________________________ between the particles determine a material’s state of matter.
These particles _________ and are in ______________.
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liquid
Three familiar states of matter: ______, _______ and _______.
gas solid
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• ________, a fourth states, occurs only at ______________ and is not common on Earth.
eg: Plasma on sun. when T>100,000℃H2 H+ + H+ + 2e-
ionized hydrogen gas
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Plasma is common in the universe.
Man-made plasmas on our planet.
Lighting
comet
aurora Plasma TV
plasma sphere
Neon light
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I. SolidI. Solid
• Solid is matter with ___________ and __________.
eg: if you place a rock in a bucket, it doesn’t change shape or size.
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• Why solids cannot change its shape and volume?
• A solid’s particles are _____________. They do not have enough energy to _________________
___________________.
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Solids
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• Particles in crystalline solids are arranged in_________________________________.
NaCl (table salt) diamond
carbon
Chlorine
sodium
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• Particles in amorphous solids have a ________
____________.
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Amorphous solid doesn’t have _____________. When it’s heated, it becomes _____________ until changes to liquid.
T(℃)
m.p.
Time
0
T(℃)
Time
0
Heating curve of crystalline solid and amorphous solid.
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Rubberglass
Plastic bottles
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II. LiquidII. Liquid
• Matter with ____ _________ but
_____________ is a liquid.
eg: if you pour juice from one container to another, it’ll take the shape of container.
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Why liquids can change its shape but can not change its volume?
• A liquid’s particles have enough energy to ______________________________ but not enough to ________________.
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• ________ • _____________
Properties of liquid
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The slower a liquid flows, the ______its viscosity is.eg: water flow more easily than oil.
1. Viscosity
Viscosity is ____________________.
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Viscosity: honey > water. Why?
Viscosity increases when _____________ __________________________.
“Slow as molasses”
Usually, viscosity increases as the liquid becomes ___________.
Attraction between _________________________
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Fun fact: The Pitch Drop Experiment
Pitch, before and after being hit with a hammer
Professor Thomas Parnell heated a sample of pitch and poured it into glass funnel with a sealed stem.
It is so viscous that it takes 10 years for a drop to drip.
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2. Surface Tension
Surface tension is ______________________________________________________.
non-zero net force—— Particles _________ pulled toward the center of the liquid and sideways along the surface.
zero net force— Particles ________________ are pulled in all directions
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Surface tension causes the liquid to act as if __________________________________.
water spider
leaf on water
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Soap bubble
Water bead on leaf
air
Surface tension will ________________________.
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Tug of war
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III.III. GasGas
• Matter that ____ ______________ _________.
eg: balloon filled with gas can be changed into different shapes.
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You can change the volume of gas too.
They’re ___________!
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Gas particles spread out evenly as far apart as possible.
• A gas’s particles have enough energy to ______ ____________ and enough energy to ______ ____________.
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Think: How will the shape and volume of helium gas change when it escapes from a balloon?
Answer:
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Vapor: matter that exists in the _______ but is generally ______________ at room temperature.
example: water vapor (steam) iodine vapor mercury vapor……
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The stateThe state characteristiccharacteristic Attraction Attraction forceforce
Motion of Motion of particlesparticles
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1. Which description best describes a solid?A) It has a definite shape and volume.B) It has a definite shape but not a definite volume.C) It adjusts to the shape of its container.D) It can flow.
2. Which of these is a crystalline solid?A) glass B) sugar C) rubber D)
plastic
3. What property enables you to float a needle on water?
A) Viscosity C) surface tensionB) Temperature D) crystal
structure
Learning CheckLearning Check
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A
B
C
Pick out the picture that is a good analogy for each of the three states of matter.