states of matter. 2.1 three states of matter ________________- these are physical forms in which a...
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States of Matter
2.1 Three States of Matter________________- These are physical forms in which a
substance can exist. Let’s use water as an example.Solid water is called _____. Liquid water is called __________. Gaseous water is called ___________________________.
Particles of MatterMatter is made up of tiny particles called _______ and
_________. These particles can only be seen with a very powerful microscope. Atoms and molecules are always ___________________________into each other.
SolidsSolid- particles are packed _____________and can
only ___________. All solids have a __________ shape and volume.
Two types of solids:Crystalline- These solids have an ________
arrangement of particles in a repeating pattern.Examples include
_______________________________.
Amorphous- These solids ___________have a special arrangement. Examples include
_______________________________.
LiquidsLiquid- particles are ____________, but they have
enough room to _____________________________. Liquids have a ________ volume but they take the
shape of the _________.
Liquids have several properties that make them unique.Surface tension- A force that acts on the
particles at the _______________________. This causes some particles to form
_______ drops like beads. Water has a _____ surface tension while
rubbing alcohol has a ____ surface tension.
Viscosity- ____________________. The stronger the attractions between the molecules, the ________________. Honey has a ______ viscosity. Water has a _____ viscosity.
GasGas- particles are far
apart and move _____ _________. Gases do not have a
___________ shape or a ___________ volume.
They fill the container.
2.2 Behavior of GasesDescribing Gas Behavior
Gases behave differently from ____________________.Gases have large amounts of _____________between
molecules.
Temperature of GasesTemperature is a measure of how ______ the
particles in an object are ____________.On a hot day, particles move _______ and hit the
inside walls of a balloon _______. Thus, ________________ and pushing on the walls.
On a cold day, particles have ___________. They do not push very hard on the walls of the balloon.
VolumeVolume
_______________________________________.Particles of a gas spread out so the volume of
any gas depends on the ____________ that the gas is in.
PressurePressure is the amount of force
___________________ ______________. This is the ________________the particles of a gas
hit the inside of their container.
•If you compare a basketball and a beach ball, you will notice the basketball is very _____. It has a greater __________. •The beach ball has a much lower pressure.
Gas Behavior LawsScientists found that temperature, pressure,
and volume of a ____________. Changing one of the factors will _____________________________.____________-Robert Boyle discovered if you
have a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is __________ related to the pressure. If you increase the pressure, then you will ____________ the _________ by the same amount.
Gas Behavior Laws____________-If you have a fixed amount of gas
at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas will be ________ related to the temperature. If the temperature ________, the volume will _______ by the same amount.
Gas Behavior Laws____________-If you have a fixed amount of gas
at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas will be ________ related to the temperature. If the temperature ________, the pressure will _______ by the same amount.
Gas Behavior LawsTemperature Pressure Volume
Boyle
_______________ ↑ ↓_______________ ↓ ↑
Charles↑ _______________ ↑
↓ _______________ ↓
Guy - Lussac
↑ ↑ ______________
↓ ↓ ______________
2.3 Changes in StateChange of state- The change of a substance from one
_____________________ALL STATE CHANGES ARE __________________________.
Particles of a substance _________________________depending on the state of the substance.
Particles have different amounts of energy in different states.Solids - Liquids – Gases – YOU MUST __________________ENERGY TO CHANGE
STATES.
Changes in State1. Melting2. Freezing3. Vaporization
(evaporation)4. Condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition
Melting: Solid to LiquidMelting- change in state from _______________.
Adding energy to ice ____________ its temperature. As the temperature increases, the ______________________________.
When a certain temperature is reached (0°C) the _______________
_________-The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. Melting point is a _________ property. Different substances have different ___________ points.
Melting is endothermic- _________________________________ ______________
Freezing: Liquid to SolidFreezing- change in state from a
______________.Freezing point- The _____________ at which
liquid changes into a solid. Freezing is the reverse of melting, so they occur at the same temperature.Any _______ is in the frozen state!
Freezing is exothermic- ______________________ ______________________________________________.
Vaporization: Liquid to GasVaporization- change in state form a
______________.Vaporization can occur at the ________ of a liquid
that is ________ the boiling point. Sweat will ________ off your skin and spilled water will
_________ off a counter.Boiling- Change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas,
_________ the liquid. This occurs when the ________ inside the bubbles equals the outside _________ on the bubbles. Boiling point- Boiling requires energy so it is _____________.
Evaporation
Boiling
Effects of Pressure on Boiling PointWater boils at 100ºC, but only at
________because of atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the
___________ ______ that make up the atmosphere.
The ______ you go above sea level, the fewer air particles there are above you so atmospheric pressure is ________.
In Denver, the mile high city, water boils at _________.
Condensation: Gas to LiquidCondensation- change of state from a __________.Condensation point- ___________ at which a
substance goes from a gas to a liquid. Condensation is the reverse of _________, so they occur at the ______ temperature.
For a gas to become a liquid, large numbers of particles must clump together. Energy must be removed - ______________
Sublimation: Solid to GasDry ice (carbon dioxide) changes directly
from a ________________.Sublimation-The substance must gain a lot of energy for
this to occur, therefore it is _______________.
Deposition: Gas to SolidDeposition:Frost changes directly from
_____________________Deposition is an _________________change
because a lot energy must be removed.
Change in temperature vs. Change in stateWhen substances gain or lose energy, the
temperature will change or _______________________________.As the temperature rises, the particles
____________. Once the particles have ______________, the state
will change. At this point the temperature will
_____________until the state change is complete. Boiling water will remain at _________until it all
evaporates.
Change in temperature vs. Change in state
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