states of consciousness consciousness an organism’s awareness of its own self and surroundings;...
TRANSCRIPT
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States of Consciousness
Consciousness
an organism’s awareness of its own self and surroundings; exists along a continuum, ranging from high level awareness to unconsciousness
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High Level of Awareness
Controlled Processes
focused Attention is required
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Middle Level of Awareness
Automatic Processes
awareness but minimal attention
Daydreaming
low level of awareness and conscious effort; somewhere between active consciousness and dreaming while asleep
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Minimal or No Awareness
Unconscious Mind
reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and memories that are too painful or anxiety provoking to be admitted to consciousness
Unconscious
lowest level of awareness
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Altered States of Consciousness
a mental state other than ordinary waking consciousness, found during:
•physical activity•meditation and spirituality•psychoactive drug use•hypnosis•dreaming•sleep
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Physical Activity
Young children loveto alter their consciousness
Is this a naturalphenomena?
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Meditation and Spirituality
Meditation:
a group of techniques designed to focus attention and produce an heightened state of awareness
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Psychoactive Substances
Many different types ofpsychoactive substancescan alter your awareness
depressants
stimulants
opiates
hallucinogens
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Hypnosis
Is one or more of thefollowing:
narrowed, highly focused attention
increased imagination
passive, receptive attitude
decreased pain
heightened suggestibility
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Dreaming and Dream Theories
Percentages:
REM sleep: 70-80% NREM sleep: 20-30%
Theories:
Freudian Activation Synthesis
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Sleep
The most widely studied Altered State of Consciousness
We spend 1/3 of our lives asleep
Sleep or Arousal States fall into three categories:–Waking–NREM sleep–REM sleep
It is still unclear just why we sleep
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Sleep Recording
•EEG•EMG•EOG•EKG•Respiration
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•Waking
•NREM•Stage 1•Stage 2•Stage 3•Stage 4
•REM
Delta or Slow Waves
Arousal States
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Arousal State CharacteristicsWaking:
•low voltage, high frequency EEG patterns•very high EMG activity
NREM Sleep:•high voltage, low frequency mixed EEG patterns•slowed heart rate and respiration•reduced EMG activity
REM Sleep:•low voltage, high frequency EEG patterns•rapid eye movements•variable heart rate and respiration•muscle atonia•penile erection/vaginal secretions
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•more SWS at the beginning of the beginning of the night•more REM at the end of the night•cycle goes from NREM 1-4 then back out from NREM 4-1
The Sleep Cycle in Young Adults
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All Mammals Show Similar Sleep Characteristics
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One hemisphere asleep, one awake
Unihemispheric Sleep in Marine Mammals
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Sleep across the Lifespan
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(MSLT)
Measures Sleep Deprivation
Multiple Sleep Latency Test
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EEG SWA Increases After Sleep Deprivation
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Rasterplot
Entrainment
Light/DarkCycle
ConstantConditions
Zeitgeber:Light Pulse
Tau: naturalrhythm
Circadian Rhythms
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The SCN and Circadian Rhythms
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Two Process Model of Sleep