STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Prepared by :

Alfonte, Ian Manasseh R.Jardin Jerome

Olito, Aira Shyne

The Problem Statement inResearch Articles …

Sometimes it is called the PURPOSE STATEMENT.

It is nearly identical to the title of the study.

The Statement of the Problem

in Research Papers …

Statement of the Problem•Provi

des a focus for the researcher and is an essential step in investigation.

.

•Gives the reader and user of the research important infrmation

Between the background of the study and the objectives

TABLE OF CONTENTSApproval sheetAcknowledgementAbstractList of TablesList of FiguresList of PlatesList of Appendices

CHAPTERI. IntroductionA. Background of the studyB. Statement of the problemC. Objectives of the studyD. Hypothesis of the studyE. Research ParadigmF. Significance of the studyG. Scope and DelimitationsH. Definition of Terms

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREA.MonggoA.1 FruitA.2 CultivarsA.3 HarvestingA.4 StorageB. Fungal DiseasesB.1 ArthoknoseB.2 Stem Find RotB.3 SeahB.4 Shizopres RotB.5 Bacterial CankerC. Cotrol of Fungal Diseases

In the research process…

Selection of the research

topic• 1

Defining the research problem

• 2

Formulating of the research objectives

• 3

It closes the background of the study.

Background > Statement > Objectives

A. Background of the StudyAccording to Ross and Lima (1994) , allometric relationships are better tools since they are methodologically non-destructive for the animal population.

B. Statement of the ProblemWhat is the relationship between shell dimension and live tissue weights of Pholas Orientalis ?

C. General Objective of the StudyTo determine the allometric relationship between shell dimension (length, height, width) and weight parameters (live weight, wet soft tissue weight, dry tissue weight) of Pholas Orientalis.

IT MAY BE IN STATEMENT OR QUESTION FORM.

What is the relationship between shell dimensions and

lives and tissue weights of Pholas

Orientalis?

The possibility of propagating the

threemangrove species namely, Ceriops

decandra, Bruguiera parviflora, and

Bruguiera sexangula is using various methods

of tissiue culture is investigated.

Research problem indicates unambiguously the what and how

of the research by using...

Declarative sentences like:

• “The purpose of this study is to…”

Or questions such as:

• “What is the relationship between…”;

• “Is there a significant difference between…”;

• How do…”;• What is…”.

Key terms in the statement of the problem indicate the type of Research..

Relationship problems that indicate correlation studies

What is the relationship between iron

intake and the hemoglobin level

of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)?

What is the relationship between the density and

refractive index of virgin coconut

(Cocos nucifera) oil?

Relationship problems that indicate studies of differences

Is the amylase activity different in two species of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ?

Is there a difference in the protein content of goat’s (Capra hircus) milk and carabao’s (Bubalus bubalis) milk ?

Problems that indicate cause- and –effect relationships

Will starving increase the amylase activity of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)

Is there a difference in the amount of dissolved oxygen between the water samples treated with seaweeds (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and that which is not treated?

Problems involving Developmental Studies

This study aims to develop a PSHSWV web-based dormer’s traffic log with parent alert.

The study dealt with the design of a prototype robot designed to move by following a black line on the floor and help the bedridden and/or on ambulant elderly by delivering water at four predetermined times a day.

Problems involving Descriptive Studies

This study investigates the flight characteristics of mahogany (Swietenia mahogani) seeds with respect to the structural properties of the seeds.

What is the water quality and the taxonomy, relative abundance and species diversity of diatoms present in selected areas of Badbaran River in Dumarao, Capiz?

What’s in a Statement of the Problem?

-What are the variables?

-What will be measured?

-What relationships or effects will be

examined?

-To what group will your result be

generalizable (the population) ?

What’s in a Statement of the Problem?

- What/who are the subjects of the study ?

(give scientific name if

applicable)

- What test organisms are

involved? (give scientific name if applicable)

-What is the locale of the study?

-What phenomenon will be studied?

What’s in a Statement of the Problem?

What are the major components of the

design?

What innovative element is present?

Who are the target beneficiaries/ users?

What’s in a statement of problem?

- What are the major components of the design?

- What innovative element is present?

- Who are the target beneficiaries/users?

Statement of the Problem….

should not be general nor too specific

contain sufficient detail and information in a sentence that is clear and succinct

EXAMPLES: ( TOO BROAD! )

The purpose of this is to study seagrasses.

The study investigates the relationship of morphology and habitat of crustaceans.

( TOO SPECIFIC! ) The purpose of this research is to identify the species of

seagrass collected from the shorelines of six towns in Iloilo namely San Joaquin, Tigbauan, Carles, Estancia, Miagao and Dumangas and to describe its demographic characteristics by computing its mean age, gross recruitment, mortality rate and net recruitment; its reproductive dynamics by determining the frequency and seasonality of flowering and its vegetative dynamics by determining the vertical growth rate of shoots and horizontal elongation rate of rhizomes.

This study will describe the community structure of

seagrasses in coastal areas of Iloilo.

STATEMENT OF

PROBLEM SHOULD OR

SHOULD BE…

# Researchable

# Important

# Indicate the type of research

# Clear

The problem should include terms that are

not ambiguous.

The terms effect, effective, achievement, method, role are ambiguous.

REFERENCES:

Cadomigara, M.. 2002. Fundamentals of Research, Methods and Models. Mindset Publishing, Inc. Iloilo

cityPyrczak, F., Bruce, R.R. 2003. Writing Empirical

Research Reports(4th Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak Publishing.The Problem Statement in the Research Paper.

Available:http://web.utk.edu/-wrobinsonso/540_lec_problem.html.

Accesesed: 11 September 2008

ADAPTED FROM:

ZENNIFER OBERIO