statement of the problem

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The tobacco plant scientifically known as Nicotiana Tabacum is a plant grown for its

leaves w/c are smoked, chewed or sniffed for a vanity of effects. Tabacco is considered addicting

because it contains the chemical nicotine

Whenever someone lighten up a cigarette it inviting cancer. Cigarette smoking is a major

cause of lung cancer and many other illnesses. although smoking among the adolescents and

young adults is often associated as a bad, but temporarily habits. For college students the amount

of harm it causes to their health and health of others are largely unknown. For them they have

got to do what makes them happy, and smoking makes them happy. nothing can stop them from

getting rid of something we know bad habit. even it will cause ruining of health of other people.

Young adults ruin their health and health of their non-smoking friends, family members

and neighbours by making them breath in polluted by the cigarettes’ smoke air. Finally the

decision to smoke is their choice.

1

Statement of the Problem

This study determined the factors of smoking among freshmen and sophomore college

students of Camarines Norte State College, Daet Camarines Norte

This Study answered the following:

1. What is the profile of the students who are smoking in terms of age, gender, course,

consumption?

2. What are the factors to be considering why students are into a smoking?

3. What are the consequences that they may encounter because of smoking?

Basic Assumptions

This study is premised on the following assumptions.

1. The profile of the respondents vary

2. Factors to consider in smoking of freshmen and sophomore

3. Various effects that causes of smoking

Significance of the Study

This research is important and beneficial to the following:

Students. This study will make them aware of the effects to the second hand

smoke and causes why some are smoking at the early age.

Future Researchers. This study may give them ideas in conceptualizing their own

research problem.

2

Government. Will help for them to be aware of growth population among young

who are smoking.

Parents. For them to become aware of their children why they are into a

smoking . To understand and guide their Children.

Teachers. The results of this study maybe used by teacher educating students

regarding the use of smoke.

Community. The community will know the reasons why they have to stop

smoking.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused on the factors and effects among young freshmen and sophomore

college student of Camarines Norte State College. This study was conducted March 24,

2010

Definition of Terms

Cancer. The proliferation of malignant cells that have capability for tissue

or organ invasion

Cigarette. A small roll of finely cut tobacco for smoking usually enclosed in a

wrapper of thin paper.

Filter-Tip Cigarettes. An instrument that put in the filter of cigar to lessen the amount of

tar and nicotine absorption.

Firsthand smoke. he one who is smokin

3

Mainstream Smoke. This is drawn into the smoker’s mouth.

Nicotine. A poisonous alkaloid, derived from the tobacco plant, used in

medicine and as pesticide.

Second-hand Smoke. A non-smoker who accidentally inhale the sidestream smoke

Sidestraem Smoke. Rising from the burning end of the cigarette.

Smoking. To draw in and exhale smoke from a cigarette.

4

Endnotes

Ernest H. Rosenbaum “Can you Prevent Cancer?” St. Louis Toronto 1983 p159

Curt Dewees “it pays to quit” Manila, Philppines 1996 p4

“The Grolier International Dictionary” USA 1996

Bonenkamper,Thomas W. et. al,Health and Safety for You CA DIVISION OF THE McGRAW.

Hill Companies(1954)pg.262

5

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature And Studies

The researchers conducted a review of related studies and literature to

conceptualize their research problem. It was in this stage of the research undertaking that

able to identify the research gap budget. They acquire concepts on preparing the draft of

the questionnaire, its design and format together with its contents. They were able to

gather a collection of studies literature that are integrated into this chapter. They consider

this as their baptism of fire in the field research.

Related literature

The more serious diseases related to smoking include CORONARY HEART DISEASE

which reduce blood flow through the lungs and the causes the lungs to absorb loss

oxygen. This effects causes shortness of breath. Smoking has been linked to career of the

lungs, larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, pancreas and bladder. Emphysema may

begin with a slight difficulty in breathing at times. Later, an activity such as a short walk

ma result in breathlessness.(bone keeper, Thomas W. et. al, 1957)

M.Mcginnis et al.,(1992) says that smoking is the single greatest cause of

preventable death. By itself and the interaction with other risk factors. It may also be the

chief cause of death in development countries.

Mc Creary et. al. (1989) cigarettes smokes also appear to be generally less

healthy-conscious and more likely to engage in other unhealthy behaviors than

nonsmokers.

6

Zwerling et al. (1992) smoker is also have more accidents and injuries at work, take

of more sick time and use more health benefits than nonsmokers.

Ershler et. al. (1989) smoking appears to serve as an entry-level drug for

subsequent substance use and abuse. Trying cigarettes smoke one significantly more likely

to use other drugs in the future.

Bauman, Koch and fisher (1989) parental cigarette smoking may lower cognitive

performance in adolescents by reducing the oxygen capacity of the blood and increasing

carbon monoxide levels.

E.Marshall (1986) the dangers of smoking are not confined to the smoker. Studies

of secondhand smoke reveal that spouses, family members of the smokers, and coworkers

at are risk for a variety of health disorders.

7

Conceptual Framework

The framework of this study is based on the system concept.This concept based on the

input, the process, and the output.

The input is on covered the all things that related to our respondents.In this research, the

input refers to the personal profile.

The process which transform input and output sometimes to the transformation functions.

In this research provide the surveying and some questions. The process refers to the factors to be

considered in smoking among freshmen and sophomore of students in Camarines Norte State

College.”Smoking Among Teenagers.

The output system is focused to the some questioned that related to our respondents.

8

Conceptual Paradigm

9

INPUT

1. Profile of

the

respondents

2. Factors in

smoking of

young

college

students.

OUTPUT

Knowledge of the

Effects of smoking

in 1st hand smoke

and second hand

smoke.

Factors why

Freshmen and

sophomore are into

a smoking.

PROCESS

Data gathering

through interviews

and survey

questionnaire.

Analysis and

Interpreting Data

FEEDBACK

Endnotes

Sherlly E. Taylor. “health Behavior and Primary prevention”. Health Psychology, fifth

Edition, (2003) pg. 156-157

Tsuma Ted. K. et al. “substances abuse”. Health and safety for you. 7th Edition, (1987)

pg. 260-262

10

Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter presents the decision of the research methodology answer to the research

problems. This gives detail of respondents, data gathering tools and statistical and treatment used

in the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used the descriptive survey method to attain the objectives of the study.

In gathering data, they constructed questionnaire which served as the main source of information

about the subject. The researchers also conducted library research for some additional

information about the subject.

RESPONDENT OF THE STUDY

The respondent of the this study were the thirty (30) students of College of Business and

Public Administration, Camarines Norte State College. They were chosen using the random

sampling technique.

PREPARATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

The researchers prepared a questionnaire which was used as used as the main data

gathering instrument. Inquiries were also made likewise, books, magazines, and other references

11

were read. The conglomeration of all information gathered served as the basis and guide in the

preparation of the draft of questionnaire.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

Statistical tools used in this study were weighted arithmetic mean and percentage.

A. Percentage

This tools was used to get the distribution of respondents according to their age,

gender and course.

Formula:

P=f/N x 100

Where:

P= percentage

f= number of respondents with similar response of frequency of responses.

N= total number of respondents

100= constant multiplier

B. Weighted Mean

This was used to determined the extent to which the rates assessed the items.

12

Formula:

W=∑ f w/N x 100

Where:

W= Weighted mean

∑= summation sign

f= frequency or number of responses

w= weighted or category responses

N=total number of respondents

100= constant multiplier

13

End Notes

Bardon, Jenalyn P.; et. al “Effects of Smoking Among Fourth Year Students in Labo National

High School, Labo, Camarines Norte” (Undergraduate Thesis, 2001) p.9

14

Chapter IV

“FACTORS TO BE CONSIDER IN SMOKING AMONG FRESHMEN AND SOPHOMORE

STUDENTS IN CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE”

This chapter present analysis in interpretation of the date gathered.

Profile of the respondent.

Table 1.0

Age of the Respondents

Age Frequency Percentage%

16-17 10 33.33

18-19 15 50

20-21 3 10

22-23 2 6.67

Total 30 100

Table 1.0 show the age of the respondents out of 30,10 or 33.32% belong to 16-17 years

old, 15 or 50 % belong to 18-19 years old, 3 or 10% belong to 20-21 years old then the last 30 or

6.67% belong to 22-23 years old.

Majority of the students who take smoke is on 18-20 years old.

15

Table 1.1

Sex of the Respondents

Sex Frequency Percentage %

Male 14 46.67

Female 16 53.33

Total 30 100

Table 1.1 shows the sex of the respondents out of 30, 14 or 46.67 % belong to male, 16 or

53.33 % belong to female.

Therefore the majority of our respondents is female than male.

16

Table 1.2

Course of the Respondents

Course Frequency Percentage %

Economics 8 26.67

Entrepreneur 9 30

BSCE 7 23.33

HRM 4 13.33

BSOA 2 6.67

Total 30 100

Table 1.2 show the course of the respondents out of 30, 8 or 26.27 belong to Economics,

9 or 30 % belong to Entrepreneur, 7 or 23.33 % belong to B.S.C.E., 4 or 13.33 % belong to

H.R.M., 2 or 6.67 % belong to B.S.O.A.

Therefore the majority is on the course of entrepreneur based on our survey.

17

Table 1.3

Personal Question # 1

Personal Question # 1 Frequency Percentage % Total

1. Yes 9 30 100

No 21 70

2. Yes 24 80

No 6 20 100

3. Yes 10 33.33

No 20 66.67 100

Table 1.3 show the personal question out of 30 students, the 9 or 30 %belong to

Yes, the 21 or 70% belong to No, 24 or 80 % belong to Yes, the 6 or 20 % belong to

No, the 10 or 33.33 % belong also to Yes, 20 or 66.67% belong to No.

Therefore, the majority answered of our respondents is No.

18

Table 1.4

Personal Question # 2

Personal Question # 2 Frequency Percentage %

1. A 11 36.67

B

2. A

B 9 30

C

3. A

B 10 33.33

C

Total 30 100

Table 1.4 show the personal question # 2 out of 30, 11 or 36.67 % is belong to number 1,

9 or 30 % belong to number 2, the 10 or 33.33 % is belong to 3.

Therefore, the majority answered of our respondents is on personal question number 1.

19

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION

This Chapter Presents Briefly the Summary, Conclusion that was drawn from the finding of the

study.

Summary

This study determined the factors of smoking among freshmen and sophomore college students

of Camarines Norte State College, Daet Camarines Norte

This Study answered the following:

4. What is the profile of the students who are smoking in terms of age, gender, course,

consumption?

5. What are the factors to be considering why students are into a smoking?

6. What are the consequences that they may encounter because of smoking?

The researcher Conducted this study Strongly Believe that the findings is beneficial to the

students Especially to those who are in minor age of freshman and sophomore of Camarines

Norte State College, The study use Descriptive Method. The data were gathered using the sets of

questionnaire and there are 30 respondents from different colleges of Camarines Norte State

College. The Figures was analyzed by the researcher, presented and interpreted.

20

FACTORS OF SMOKING IN FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMOR COLLEGE STUDENT

OF CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

Findings

After analyzing the data and Interview we gathered the following finding revealed:

1. Out of 30 respondents, 10 students or 37% consider to be smoking while 20 students or

67% are the non-smoking.It also came out that some are not well educated about the

second hand smoke 20% or 6 respondents. But mostly students are aware about the

effects of being a second hand smoke and a 1st hand smoke.

2. That some are smoking just to fulfil their wants, only for trip, some they say it is better to

be 1st hand than second hand smoke due the severances of the effect. Some of them to

calm down and relieve stress from school while others they get intensified sensation from

mixing tobacco and alcohol.

3. Out of 10 respondents that are smoking 9 of them introduce cigarette between the age

bracket of 16-18.5 of them are always smoking and taking 1-5 sticks per day. Another 5

students smoking occasionally especially when they are in party or w/friends.

21

Conclusion

In view of these findings, the researcher derived the following conclusion

1. Majority of respondent are non-smoker and they are aware of the effect among smoker

and the secondhand smokes.

2. Most of Young teenager, whom smokes are only for the leisure and recreation, some has

no reason they just easily influence by the people around them.

Recommendation

The short-term benefits of quitting in smoking within one week your sense of taste and smell will

improve, increasing your enjoyment of eating foods and drinking. Hands and feet will feel

warmer, blood platelets will become activated, and coughing, wheezing and respiratory tract will

improve. Stamina and energy will increase.

Long-term benefits the longer we stay off in cigarette the longer our life will be. We reduce the

risk of getting cancer or illness.

Think of the money, today 2 php per stick times the consumptions per day is expensive it is like

burning your money.

Other benefits. Think of other, think of non smoker die from breathing secondhand smoke.

22

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

Ernest H. Rosenbaum “Can you Prevent Cancer?” St. Louis Toronto 1983 p159 -198

Curt Dewees “it pays to quit” Manila, Philppines 1996 p4 -5

“The Grolier International Dictionary” USA 1996

Bardon, Jenalyn P.; et. al “Effects of Smoking Among Fourth Year Students in Labo National

High School, Labo, Camarines Norte” (Undergraduate Thesis, 2001) p.9

Sherlly E. Taylor. “health Behavior and Primary prevention”. Health Psychology, fifth

Edition, (2003) pg. 156-157

Tsuma Ted. K. et al. “substances abuse”. Health and safety for you. 7th Edition, (1987)

pg. 260-262

23

Appendix A

THESIS PROPOSAL

I. Title

FACTORS OF SMOKING IN FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMOR COLLEGE

STUDENT


II. Objectives

1. To determine the Factors of smoking among students

2. To Find Out what makes them to do it.

3. To know the various reasons of smoking of students

III. Research Method Descriptive Survey Method

IV. Proponents

Judith D. Espinosa

April Joy P. Lopez

Leah L. Reyes

Melanie Padilla

Jessica R. Pilapil

Ruby L. Samonte

24

Appendix B

March 24, 2010

Dear Respondents:

Greetings!

We would like to inform that we are conducting a Survey in connection of our subject

Eng 02 Writing in the Dicsipline, we are deligated to work an undergraduate research paper as

partial requirements for our subject in this school.

In view of this we are requesting for your honest response to all questions.

All data gathered would be confidential and it will use only for the purpose of this study.

Thank You very much in your cooperation and God Bless.

Truly Yours,

Judith D. Espinosa

April Joy P. Lopez

Leah L. Reyes

Melanie Padilla

Jessica R. Pilapil

Ruby L. Samonte

25

Appendix C

FACTORS OF SMOKING IN FRESHMAN AND SOPHOMOR COLLEGE STUDENT


Questionnaire:

Explanatory:

This questionnaire is formulated and administrate for the purpose of gathering

information needed to complete the study.

Direction: Please answer the following questions honestly and correctly.

Name: _________________________ Year/Course: ________________________

Age: _________________________ Sex: ______________________________

Part I. Please check (/) the blank that corresponds your answer.

YES NO

1. Are you smoking? _____ _____

2. Are you Aware of Second Hand Smoke? _____ _____

3. Is there a chance that your family/friends influence you? _____ _____

26

Part II.

1. How often do you smoke?

Occasionally _____ Always _____

2. How many sticks of cigarette do you take in a day?

1-3 ______ 4-6 ______ 7-up ______

3. At what age do you start smoking?

16-18 _____ 19-21 _____ 22-25 _____

4. Why are you smoking?

Just for Trip ____ Leissure/Appitizer ____

To Relax and Calm from stress ___ Part of Self Life System ___

5. Are you aware of the effects of smoking? if yes state at least 3.

_____________________________________________________________________

27

Appendix D

LIST OF RESPONDENTS

1. Abarca, Edmar T.

2. Abasolo, Sean D.

3. Alegre, John Carlo

4. Alto, Dominic John R.

5. Asis, Reggie

6. Autor, Hazel

7. Avenido, Joymie

8. Bautitsa, Divina S.

9. Bucaycay, Jesusa R.

10. Baluca, Jelmer

11. Calopez, Redrey U.

12. Capistra, Joshua

13. Dacillo, Carla M.

14. De Leon, Ryan Vener B.

15. De Vera, Jho Ana Mae S.

16. Ebona, Grace S.

17. Francisco, Geomil P.

18. Lacea, Vedda Rose

19. Lubiano, Christian

20. Mancenido, Baby Vanessa L.

21. Mancenido, Christine A.

22. Ocol, Lea

23. Oresca, Annelyn V.

24. Panotes, Reinoel G.

25. Refferente, Jomar R.

26. Siocson, Louie T.

27. Torzar, Rowena M.

28. Villagracia,Wilmore

29. Villamor, Julius

30. Yarte, Emmanuel

28

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Reyes, Leah L.

Address: P-6 Magallanes Iraya Daet Camarines Norte

Date of Birth: September 25, 1992

Place of Birth: Daet Camarines Norte

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Latter Day Saints

Parents: Vicente A. Reyes

Felipa L. Reyes

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary: Camarines Norte State College

Daet Camarines Norte

BSBA Major in Human Resource Management

2009 - Present

Secondary: Moreno Integrated School


2007 - 2008

Elementary: Baldovino Elem. School


2003 - 2004

29

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Espinosa, Judith D.

Address: Brgy. Site Pob. 1 Basud, Camarines Norte

Date of Birth: March 18, 1993

Place of Birth: Sariaya, Quezon



Religion: Roman Catholic

Parents: Espinosa, Rodrigo

Espinosa, Victoria





2009 - Present

Secondary: Basud National High School

Basud Camarines Norte

2008 - 2009

Elementary: Basud, Elementary School


2004 – 2005

30

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Samonte, Ruby L.

Address: Basud Camarines Norte

Date of Birth: August 8, 1992

Place of Birth: Pinagwarasan Basud Camarines Norte




Parents: Samonte, Rodel

Samonte, Gina





2009 - Present

Secondary: Plaridel High School


2008 - 2009

Elementary: Plaridel Elementary School


2002 - 2003

31

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Pilapil, Jessica R.

Address: Purok 3 Brgy. San Lorenzo

Sta. Elena Camarines Norte


Place of Birth: San Lorenzo Sta. Elena Camarines Norte



Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo

Parents: Pilapil, Serafin

Pilapil, Welyn





2009 - Present

Secondary: Rizal National High School

Sta. Elena Camarines Norte

2008 - 2009

Elementary: M-Hebrado Elem School

San Lorenzo, Sta. Elena Camarines Norte

2004 - 2005

32

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Lopez, April Joy P.

Address: Door #2 Lopez Apt. H-dames St.


Date of Birth: April 5, 1984

Place of Birth: Manila

Civil Status: Single-Parent



Parents: Lopez, Mauro F.

Padillo, Evangelina Jill C.





2008 - Present

Secondary: La Consolacion College of Daet


2000 - 2001

Elementary: La Consolacion College Of Daet


1996 - 1997

33

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Padillla, Melanie

Address: P2 Brgy. Camagsaan

Capalonga Camarines Norte


Place of Birth: Capalonga Camarines Norte




Parents: Padilla, Nestor R.

Padilla, Evangieline M.





2009 - Present

Secondary: Capalonga Parochial School


2008 - 2009

Elementary: Cap. Central Elem. School


2004 - 2005

34

statement of the problem

Documents

factors of smoking

cigarette smoking

smoking of freshmen

smoking significance

sidestream smoke

use of smoke

mainstream smoke

exhale smoke