VARANS Presentation

THE 2ND NATIONAL NUCLEAR REGULATORY CONFERENCE

State management of radiation and nuclear safety in Vietnam since the 1st national nuclear regulatory conferenceProf. Dr. Vuong Huu TanVARANS Director General1Da Lat, 19/5/2015It is my pleasure today to discuss with you of the challenge that VARANS and its TSO are facing in order to prepare for the introduction of nuclear power plants into Viet Nam.Content1. Introduction3. State management supporting conditions4. Conclusion and recommendations2. State management activitiesDesigned by Luu Nam Hai231. Introduction (1/2)in 2006, the Government of Vietnam adopted the Strategy on Peaceful Utilization of Atomic Energy, making the foundation for the issuance of atomic energy application development plans for socio-economic sectors including the orientation for the development of nuclear power.During the last 2 years, the investment in radioisotope and radiation application has been growing significantly, particularly in industry and health care, which is shown by the increase in the number of licenses granted in these areas (over 10%).The site selection and feasibility studies for Ninh Thuan NPPs have basically been completed.Designed by Luu Nam Hai341. Introduction (2/2)With such rapid growth in the demand for the utilization of atomic energy in the socio-economic sectors, the state management on radiation and nuclear safety has been facing with enormous challenges both at local and central level in ensuring the safety and security for this activity;The presentation will summarize the state management activities carried out in Vietnam during the last 2 years, clarifying difficulties and problems encountered and making recommendations to further strengthen the state management on radiation and nuclear safety in Vietnam.Designed by Luu Nam Hai4Content2. State management activities1. Introduction3. State management supporting conditions4. Conclusion and recommendationsDesigned by Luu Nam Hai562.1. legal system development (1/5)Amendment of Atomic Energy LawStudying the shortcomings of the existing atomic energy law and making recommendations for the amendment, supplement of the law to make it in line with safety standards of the IAEA and requirements of relevant international conventions and treaties of which Vietnam is a member.Consulting IAEA on relevant contents related to the amendment of the law.Developing the plan for the amendment of the atomic energy law and submit to the Government to incorporate in the law development plan of the National Assembly in 2016Designed by Luu Nam Hai672.1. legal system development (2/5)Legal documents issued in 2013, 2014During 2013-2014, VARANS has taking the prime responsibility in drafting and submitting to the Minister to issue 8 circulars as follows:- 3 circulars directly regulating the management of NPP (Circular No.20/2013/TT-BKHCN; Circular No.21/2013/TT-BKHCN; Circular No.08/2014/TT-BKHCN) - 3 circulars on radiation safety management (Circular No. 13/2014/TTLT-BKHCN-BYT; Circular No. 22/2014/TT-BKHCN; Circular No.34/2014/TT-BKHCN)- 1 circular applying for both radiation safety management and NPP safety management (Circular No. 25/2014/TT-BKHCN)- 1 circular on nuclear safeguards which also applies for NPP (Circular No. 17/2013/TT-BKHCN)Designed by Luu Nam Hai782.1. Legal system development (3/5)Legal documents in drafting (1/2)2 circulars on NPP management:- Circular on the content of the safety analysis report in the application documents for the construction of NPP;- Circular on the requirements for probabilistic safety analysis and deterministic safety analysis in the SAR of the NPPDesigned by Luu Nam Hai892.1. Legal system development (4/5)Legal documents in drafting (2/2)In 2015, VARANS is planning to continue drafting 5 legal documents as follows:- 2 PMs decisions: Decision on approving the national response plan; Desion on approving the Project: enhancing capacity, technical and material infrastructure investment for the regulatory body on radiation and nuclear safety and nuclear energy development- 3 circulars: Circular on the content of the safety analysis report for the mining and processing of radioactive ores; Circular guiding the registration of services supporting for the atomic energy application; Circular promulgating technical codes on radiation safety for general X-ray machines in medicine and for CT Scanners.

Designed by Luu Nam Hai9102.1. Legal system development (5/5)General evaluation and recommendations- The legal system on safety management of radiation and radioisotopes application is relatively completed- The legal documents for the site approval and approval of the NPP investment project are basically sufficient.Recommendations:- To amend the atomic energy law as soon as possible to make the foundation for the issuance of under-law documents for the state management of nuclear power project in a timely manner.- To enable the implementation of specific financial mechanisms for the legal document development to be able to deploy the expertise from domestic and abroad expert in the drafting, giving recommendations to ensure the quality of documents anacted.

Designed by Luu Nam Hai10112.2. Establishment of state management system at central and local level (1/2)Vietnam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (VARANS)Decision No.217/Q-BKHCN on the organization and activities of VARANS in replacement of the Decision No. 2248/Q-BKHCN issued on 10/10/2008.+ 8 state management organizations+ 3 non-business organizationsThe current organization structure is an important transitional step for VARANS to complete its organization as specified in the amended atomic energy law, meeting the requirements of a competent national nuclear regulatory body.Designed by Luu Nam Hai11122.2. Establishment of state management system at central and local level (2/2)Departments of Science and Technology (DOSTs)DOST is the organization assisting the provincial Peoples Committee in implementing the radiation safety management at local level.+ 12 DOSTs have specialized units on radiation safety management+ 51 DOSTs establish units or appoint staff to in charge of radiation safety management in their relevant divisions (Division of Technology Management (13 DOSTs), Division of Professional Management (5 DOSTs); Division of Technology Management - Intellectual Property - Radiation and Nuclear Safety (11 DOSTs); Local Science and Technology Management Division (01 DOST), and other professional and specialized units (21 DOSTs)Designed by Luu Nam Hai12132.3. Licensing (1/4)Circular No.08/2010/TT-BKHCN dated 22 July 2010 of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) guiding the declaration, licensing of radiation works, granting certificates for radiation workers:+ MOST licenses the following activities: operation of irradiators (accelerators, radiotherapy equipment using radioactive sources ...); production of radioactive material; transit of radioactive sources, source nuclear materials, and nuclear materials; packing, transporting of source nuclear materials, nuclear materials; export and import of source nuclear materials, nuclear equipment and materials;+ VARANS licenses other radiation works as assigned by MOST;+ DOSTs gives relevant licenses for X-ray machines in medical diagnosisDesigned by Luu Nam Hai13142.3. Licensing (2/4)Licenses issued by MOSTDuring 2013 and 2014, VARANS has given guidance, received and assessed application documents and submitted to MOSTs Leaders for issuance of total 48 licenses for radiation worksLicenses issued by VARANSDuring 2013 and 2014, VARANS has performed the appraisal and issued 1166 licenses and 1193 certificates of radiation workers;The licenses mainly focus on the following areas: industry, health care, research and training, business activities related to radioactive sources.Designed by Luu Nam Hai14152.3. Licensing (3/4)Fig 1: Number of licenses, certificates of radiation workers issued in 2013 and 2014Fig 2: Percentage of licenses issued in 2013Fig 3: Percentage of licenses issued in 2014Designed by Luu Nam Hai15162.3. Licensing (4/4)Licenses issued by provincesin 2013: DOSTs issued:- 900 X-ray licenses;in 2014: DOSTs issued:- 904 X-ray licenses;Designed by Luu Nam Hai16172.4. Inspection and violation handling (1/3)Inspection and violation handling of VARANS in 2013 and 2014During 2013 and 2014, VARANS has conducted specialized regular and irregular inspections on radiation and nuclear safety at 120 facilities in the country

During the inspections in 2013 and 2014, the inspection teams of VARANS has established administrative violation records for 14 units with the total fine is 218 million vnd.

Designed by Luu Nam Hai17182.4. Inspection and violation handling (2/3)Inspection and violation handling of DOSTs in 2013, 2014During 2 years, DOSTs have performed inspections at 1,626 units with radiation activities in the country+ in 2013, 682 facilities was inspected by DOSTs, of which 42 facilities were under the authorizations of VARANS, + in 2014, the number of facilities under the authorization of VARANS inspected by DOSTs was 44 facilities in the total number of 944 inspected facilities.- During 2013 and 2014, there was 132 facilities inspected by DOSTs (mainly medical X-ray facilities) with the total fine of 760,750,000 vnd.Designed by Luu Nam Hai18192.4. Inspection and violation handling (3/3)In general, the radiation safety inspection at localities has been increasingly promoted and implemented regularly, and gradually put into place.However, the inspection at facilities other than medical X-ray facilities has not been implemented much by DOSTs, and the quality of those conducted has not been up to expectation;Radiation safety mangement officers dont have much opportunity for studying to enhance the professional knowledge on industrial radiation equipment. DOSTs inspectors have to be in charge of various management areas from measurement, quality, intellectual property to project, etc., the intensive knowledge on radiation safety, therefore, is hardly achievedDesigned by Luu Nam Hai19202.5. Radiation and nuclear emergency response (1/4)National radiation and nuclear emergency response planIn 2013, a budget was allocated by MOST for the implementation of the project study to develop the national radiation and nuclear emergency response plan led by VARANSSept 2014, VARANS completed the draft of national radiation and nuclear emergency response plan and other related equipment, technical materials.As planned, VARANS is responsible for the drafting and submitting the national radiation and nuclear emergency response plan to the Prime Minister for approval in August 2015.Designed by Luu Nam Hai20212.5. Radiation and nuclear emergency response (2/4)Provincial radiation and nuclear emergency response planAt present, there are 2 provinces of which the emergency response plans have been approved (Lang Son, Binh duong); 9/63 provinces, cities have submitted their provincial emergency response plan to MOST for evaluation (Ba Ria- Vung Tau, Hanoi, Hai Phong, Khanh hoa, Son la, Ho Chi Minh City, Long An, Dong Nai, Hue;4 Nov 2014, the Minister of Science and Technology has issued the Direction No. 4050/CT-BKHCN on the enhancement of radiation safety and security management in which provinces are requested to develop and have their provincial emergency response plans approved by 1 June 2015

Designed by Luu Nam Hai21222.5. Radiation and nuclear emergency response (3/4)Radiation and nuclear emergency response at faciltiesCircular No. 25/2014/TT-BKHCN regulating the preparation for radiation and nuclear emergency response, development and approval of radiation and nuclear emergency response plan was issued to replace the Circular No. 24/2012/TT-BKHCN VARANS approves the emergency response plans of facilities before giving licenses for radiation works.Designed by Luu Nam Hai22232.5. Radiation and nuclear emergency response (4/4)Training, exercises and response to radiation and nuclear incidentsIn 2014, VARANS has cooperated with some provinces in organizing training courses to provide knowledege on emergency response (Quang Ngai, Tay Ninh, Ha Tinh); VARANS has participated in the training course for official of DOSTs on radiation and nuclear preparedness and response organized by the management training institute on science and technology;Sept 2014, VARANS cooperated with relevant agencies in searching the lost source in Ho Chi Minh City.Designed by Luu Nam Hai23242.6. Management of radiation measurement standards, radiation dosimetry, verification and calibration (1/2)Management of verification and calibration acctivities in the field of atomic energyVARANS has licensed the services supporting atomic energy applications on calibration of dosimeters for the Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology and the Nuclear Research Insitute(still missing alpha, beta, neutron calibration system ).There has been increasing demand on the utilization of open sources in nuclear medicine in diagnosis and treatment. Most of nuclear medical facilities use calibrator to calibrate and measure the radioactivity before use, however, these calibrators have not yet been calibrated regularly.The quality examination of radiation equipment in medicine is still conducted through contracts with foreign companies (LINAC accelerators). The regularoty body has not performed the examination of important parameters of radiation equipment during regular inspection.Designed by Luu Nam Hai24252.6. Management of radiation measurement standards, radiation dosimetry, verification and calibration (2/2)Management of personal dose measurement services08 Nov 2012, Minister of Science and Technology issued Circular No. 19/2012/TT-BKHCN regulating the radiation safety assurance and control for public exposure and occupational exposure. In the whole country, there are 5 organizations licensed with services supporting for atomic energy applications: Institute for Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City Nuclear Center, center for application of science and Technology progress (Binh Duong) Hoang Nguyen Co., LtdPercentage of radiation workers of organizatioins providing services of personal dose measurement in 2014

Designed by Luu Nam Hai25262.7. Environmental radiation management (1/4)Operation of monitoring posts in the network managed by VINATOMTask 1 assessment of radioactive contamination in the marine environment of Vietnam after the Fukushima accident for the period 1 (2013-2015)Task 2 Monitoring and analysis of environmental radioactivity and stable isotopes in Hanoi, Lang Son and Quang Ninh, Lao Cai, Red River source water, Nam Thi River, Ky Cung RiverTask 3 environmental radiation monitoring at monitoring posts in Dalat, Ninh Thuan, Ho Chi Minh City, Tien Giang Task 4 Monitoring and analysis of marine environmental radiation at the proposal NPP sites in Ninh thuanDesigned by Luu Nam Hai26272.7. Environmental radiation management (2/4)Operation of monitoring posts in the network managed by Chemistry Command, Ministry of DefenceThe posts are responsible for environmental radiation monitoring in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, and Thai Nguyen;Since 2010, the monitoring areas have been extended to Hai Phong port, Cam Ranh military base and two proposed NPP construction sites in Ninh Hai and Thuan Nam Districts (Ninh Thuan province);Parameters to be monitored include: 7 radioisotopes 137Cs, 7Be, 40K, 214Pb, 212Pb, 2l4Bi, 228Ac, total radioactivity of alpha, beta, gamma dose rate, radon.Monitoring targets: air (aerosol and dust deposition), water (surface and coastal water), soil and biological indicators (pine needles, casuarina leaves.Designed by Luu Nam Hai27282.7. Environmental radiation management (3/4)General evaluation on the implementation of enviromental radiation monitoring (1/2)The organizations assigned to host the national environmental radiation monitoring posts have performed their duties well;The monitoring of radioactive impact from the Fukushima accident on Vietnam's seas has been conducted to promptly give necessary warnings;Important environmental radioactivity indicators have been monitored to establish initial data in two sites of Ninh Thuan NPP;Regulatory documents, technical codes, technical guides have been developed for the planning of national radiation monitoring and warning networkThe investment project have been developed and international sponsors are being found to implement the environmental radiation monitoring and warning network.Designed by Luu Nam Hai28292.7. Environmental radiation management (4/4)General evaluation on the implementation of environmental radiation monitoring (2/2)The joint circular on environmental radiation management between MOST and MONRE to clarify responsibilities and coordination mechanism between the two ministries in the areas related to environmental radiation management has not been developed.A coordination mechanism has not been established between the national environmental radiation monitoring and warning network under the Decision No. 1636/QD-TTg and the national environment and national resources monitoring network;The continuous gamma dose rate monitoring, especially equipped with automatic air monitoring to give instant warning to abnormal environmental radiation has not been implemented at sensitive locations.There have not been synthesis and comprehensive investigation on national environmental radiation to establish an original data baseThe investment project for national environmental radiation monitoring and warning network under the Decision No. 1636 / QD-TTg of the Prime Minister has not been approvedDesigned by Luu Nam Hai29302.8. Security management for radioactive sources, nuclear materials and nuclear facilities (1/2)Security of radioactive sourcesIn order to prevent the illicit trafficking and transport of radioactive sources across the border, Vietnam has installed radiation portal monitors at large boders (Noi Bai, Cai Mep, Tan Son Nhat);According to the statistics in 2015, there are 24 facilities in Vietnam with security category A radioactive sources, and of them have been equipped with modern security systems.For security category B, there are 56 facilities, mainly NDT facilities in industry. At present, VARANS is cooperating with relevant agencies of the Korean Government with support from the IAEA to carry out the Radiation Source Location Tracking System (RADLOT) to ensure the security for NDT sources. To enhance the security for security category B radioactive sources, MOST has directed the amendment of the Circular No. 23/2010/TT-BKHCN guiding the security assurance for radioactive sources and implement the security monitoring system for radioactive sources in 2015 in accordance with the amended circular No.23Designed by Luu Nam Hai30312.8. Security management for radioactive sources, nuclear materials and nuclear facilities (2/2)Security of nuclear materials and nuclear facilitiesVARANS has cooperated with IAEA in organizing 2 workshops on threat assessment methodology to develop DBT for physical protection system of nuclear facilities, especially NPPThe Ministry of Public Security (MPS) has established a working group on DBT development led by the MPS with the participation of other relevant ministriesIn order to provide knowledge for officials of relevant ministries and agencies on physical protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities, VARANS has cooperated with US DOE in organizing workshops on basic knowledge on physical protection system and introduction of IAEAs nuclear security document Physicial protection of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities.

Designed by Luu Nam Hai31322.9. Implementation of international treaties and conventions on nuclear safety, security and non-proliferationImplementing the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste ManagementImplementing the Convention on Nuclear Safety (CNS)Implementing international treaties on nuclear non-proliferation, mainly the Safeguards Agreement and its Additional ProtocolDesigned by Luu Nam Hai32332.10. Management of radiation safety and professional trainingRadiation safety trainingVARANS is implementing radiation safety training in accordance with Circular No. 34/2014/TT-BKHCNProfessional trainingVARANS is developing the circular guiding the registration for services supporting the atomic energy application on professional training even though there has been some organizations providing training on each areas such as operation of research reactor and accelerator, etc. Futher details will be discussed in this conference to soon develop legal documents for the management of professional training.Designed by Luu Nam Hai33Content1. Introduction3. State management supporting conditions2. State management activities4. Conclusion and recommendationsDesigned by Luu Nam Hai34353.1. Development of safety assessment capability (1/3)Organization of relevant professional groupsThe Nuclear Safety Division has established 5 professional groups with about 20 officials: system design and deterministic safety review, risk assessment, mechanic components and material review, IC, electric power and explosion safety review, structure and site evaluation.VARANS has deployed external experts in the countries to support the preparation and organization of nuclear safety review and proposed MOST to establish 14 technical groups related to the contents to be reviewed in the SAR for the approval of the site and investment of the NPP.Designed by Luu Nam Hai35363.1. Development of safety assessment capability (2/3)Training activities to enhance safety assessment capabilityVARANS has been organizing short-term training courses and workshop lectured by foreign experts through bilateral and multilateral cooperation (Japan, USA, Norway, IAEA, EC), addressing on NPP safety assessment.MOST approved a State task assessment preparation and organization to prepare and organize the assessment as well as train staff of 14 expertise groups on safety assessment.Preliminery evaluate document submitted by investors which enhance the assessment capability and experience of VARANS staff.

Designed by Luu Nam Hai36373.1. Development of safety assessment capability (3/3)DifficultiesIn comparision with IAEA recommendations on technical human resources for safety assessment, there is a limited number of VARANS staff.There are difficulties in recruiting staff for safety assessment due to the limitation of best students enrolled in and graduated from nuclear power field. Moreover, there is no budget for recruiting staff.Vietnam doesnt have special policies to attract oversea Vietnamese experts who work in this field in developed contries.The training courses are mainly short-term, seperate, unsystematic and under different organizations

Designed by Luu Nam Hai37383.2. Development of safety inspection capability(1/2)Inspection at nuclear facilitiesWith more than 4000 nuclear facilities in Vietnam and requirement of frequency of inspection according to Circular 19/2010/TT-BKHCN, VARANS must inpect about 850 facilities per year (increased 10 times in comparison with present) with 170 inspection missions and about 80 staff involved in the inspections.There is a lack of inspector. There is an urgent need for human resource for VARANS inspectorate.Profesional knowledge training and retraining on application of radiation and radioisotopes must be organized for inspectors, moreover inspection skills are always concerned.Equipment for inspection activities havent been supplied sufficiently, especially the tools for checking parameters of medical radiation equipment.Designed by Luu Nam Hai38393.2. Development of safety inspection capability (2/2)Inspection at nuclear facilitiesVARANS conducts inspection at Da Lat research reactor every year.For NPP, VARANS has initially performed the inspection for investigation, data collection, site evaluation activities according to Circular No.20/2013/TT-BKHCN of MOST dated 06 Septemtber 2013.To conduct inspection at nuclear facilities effectively, the recruitment and training for inspection staff are very crucial.Designed by Luu Nam Hai39403.3. Development of emergency response capabilityDeveloping technical capability for emergency responsesVARANS has developed and submitted to MOST the ODA project from Japanese Government to support MOST in enhancing technical capability for regulatory body, including equipment supports for ermergency responses. Central emergency response center, Ninh Thuan emergency responses off-site Center and radioactive monitoring at VARANS site to support the evaluation of event and propose suitable response plan.MOST has been coordinating with People Committee at provinces and cities to deploy the national environmental radioation mornitoring and warning network.Ministry of Defence (MOD) is preparing project to enhance capability and equipment for emergency response at MODs organizations.Designed by Luu Nam Hai40413.4. Nuclear regulatory information (1/3)Scientific informationVARANS has establish a pilot digital library to make it convenient for looking up information, updating workshop and training course documents, new books are also maintained regularly. VARANSs library ensures the exploitation of information and documents to its staff and external individuals who need information on the radiation and nuclear safety and atomic energy.Annually VARANS develops national reports on the state management in the field of radiation and nuclear safety (2012 and 2013 reports were already published, the 2014 one is in going to be published soon)Designed by Luu Nam Hai41423.4. Nuclear regulatory information (2/3)Information and CommunicationDisseminating regulatory documents in radiation and nuclear safetyFrequently updating information on VARANS website. There has been over 7 million pageviews as of 31/3/2015.Developing and publishing Nuclear Regulatory Magazine (Number 1 and 2 in 2013, from 2014 to be published quarterly)Organizing Nuclear Regulatory Conference, Annual Conference for radiation safety officers, and other related dissemination workshops.Actively participating in the nuclear power dissemination project up to 2020 (Project 370) and organizing the study to support the communication and information.Designed by Luu Nam Hai42433.4. Nuclear regulatory information (3/3)Information technology infrastructureMaintaining good information technology infrastructure for the operation of the Mail_Server, Web_Server, RAISVN, exchanging online information internationally and other application softwares to meet VARANS management requirements as well as nuclear material audit activities, to upgrade RAISVNResearching and upgrading VARANS website into e-portal to disseminate knowledge and information on radiation and nuclear safety in particular and nuclear field in general.

Designed by Luu Nam Hai43443.5. International cooperation in nuclear regulatoryMultilateral cooperationIAEAEuropean Committy (EC)Bilateral cooperationActively cooperating with partners such as Russia, Japan, USA, South Korea, UK, France, Germany, etc. in the training and capacity building for the VARANS staffIn 2014, through bilateral cooperation channels, VARANS have sent about 100 employees to attend training courses abroad, including short-term training courses, long-term (6 months to 2 years) and receives more than 10 expert teams for training more than 200 VARANS staffs and related units.Designed by Luu Nam Hai44Content1. Introduction4. Conclusion and recommendations2. State management activities3. State management supporting conditionsDesigned by Luu Nam Hai45464. Conclusion and recommendations (1/2)State management of radiation and nuclear safety in the past 2 years has recorded significant progresses in developing and improving the legal document system for State management activities, particularly for the radiation applications and deploy nuclear power project at site approval and investment projects.Licensing activities in the nuclear field have been complying with the provisions of the law, no backlog records.VARANS and Departments of science and technology try to implement inspection activities in terms of manpower, technical means and possibilities of funding.Capacity building of state authorities on radiation and nuclear safety has been enhanced through international cooperation channels which effectively contribute to serve the nuclear power project in our country.The biggest consequences in management of radiation safety in recent two years were the radioactive source losing at APAVE in Ho Chi Minh City (2014) and POMINA steel plant in Ba Ria - Vung Tau (2015)Designed by Luu Nam Hai46474. Conclusion and recommendations (2/2)To enhance state management activities in radiation and nuclear safety and to overcome the limitation, VARANS proposes following solutions:1. Enhancing legal frameworkContinuously developing regulatory legal documents, especially amendment of Atomic energy law and legal documents for implementing other phases of NPP project in accordance with Ninh Thuan NPP roadmap. Checking legal documents for safety and security management of radioactive resources, update, complete the shortcomings, increase violation sanctions to deterrence facilities who dont manage or dont manage well.2. Enhancing licensing evaluationFull attention to safety and security of radioactive sources basing on practical experiences and the recent lessons about safety and security of radioactive sources in the world and in our country. Designed by Luu Nam Hai47484. Conclusion and recommendations (2/2)3. Strengthening the violations inspection and handlingOrganize inspection in 2016 all industrial radiography units and factories, who have nuclear instrumentation using radioactive sources to reorganize the work and to ensure the safety and security of radioactive sources. Cooperate between VARANS and the Departments of Science and Technology in formulating annual inspection plan to comply with the Circular No. 19/2010 / TT-BKHCN4. Organizing the information dissemination and training courses to ensure the safety and security of radioactive sourcesAnnually enhancing information and communication, dissemination, training courses for leaders and staff who are responsible for radiation safety at the radiation facilities about radiation protection to improve knowledge, enhance nuclear safety and security culture to avoid the repetition of recent violationsDesigned by Luu Nam Hai48494. Conclusion and recommendations (2/2)5. Applying technical solutions to support the managementContinue cooperation with the US in implementing the project of security monitoring of radioactive sources type 1 and 2, which are is used at facilities; installation of surveillance equipment and security of radioactive sources for industrial radiography equipment (NDT) and request that radioactive source transportation facility must be equipped with monitoring devices and security for the vehicles. Require steel waste owners and facilities who use steel waste must install equipment to control radioactive sources.Designed by Luu Nam Hai49504. Conclusion and recommendations (2/2)6. Enhancing state management in radiation and nuclear safety at central and localityStrengthening human resources and facilities for state management in radiation and nuclear safety for VARANS and DOSTs; regularly organize training courses to improve professional knowledge and skills for staffs who are responsible for managing radiation and nuclear safety; approve and organize radiation and nuclear emergency reponse plan at provincial and national level; develop national environmental radioactive mornitoring and warning network.Designed by Luu Nam Hai50Thank you very much!5151