state justice institute - mass legal services · khmer (cambodian), korean, ... legal words used...
TRANSCRIPT
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MARY CAMPBELL McQUEEN Aorrvaaamr
Copyright 0 1994 State of Washington Office of the Administrator for the Courts
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED LEGAL T E W S
ENGLISH-KOREAN
State Justice Institute
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INTRODUCTION
During the past decade, thousands of Asian immigrants have appeared in American state courts as civil and criminal litigants. Interpreters, who breach the language gap between judge and litigant, are required by law and fairness to interpret all English spoken in court into the ihgrant 's language. However, while interpreters are held to the standard of interpreting legal terms accurately and completely, few bilingual legal resources exist. To begin to address the need for accurate bilingual equivalents for English legal terms, a proposal was submitted to the State Justice lnstitute for the development of basic bilingual legal glossaries in Cantonese, Laotian, Khmer (Cambodian), Korean, and Vietnamese. These languages are spoken by a large number of individuals living in a wide range of states.
This bilingual English-Korean glossary is designed to be used as a working document for Enghsh- Korean court interpreters. Since for the most part interpreters interpret English legal words into Korean, the English terms are listed first, The body of the glossary consists of approximately 450 words, which were selected as representatives of frequently used legal terms in state courts. This list is by no means exhaustive; court interpreters use many other legal terms as well.
Each word is translated into its equivalent in Korean. The equivalent word or words given are, in the authors' opinions, the best interpretation of the English legal word. This word or short phrase interpretations convey the English word's meaning, and are meant to be used by interpreters when serving in legal proceedings.
In addition, some English words are defined in English because they have more than one English meaning. The English definitions, statements describing one or more meanings of the word, appear in parenthesis beside the English words. Readers are cautioned that many legal terms have alternate meanings. Interpreters must use great care to use the appropriate Korean alternate equivalent for an alternate English meaning. Also, interpreters are cautioned that a handfbl of legal words used regionally in some states appear in the glossary. If a word sounds quite unfamiliar. interpreters should check with other interpreters or attorneys.
Some Korean interpretations are followed by explanations in Korean. These were added because the authors felt readers would benefit from brief descriptions of more unusual terms. At the end of the glossary, a bibliography outlines resources used in creating the glossary, and also other resources which may be useful to interpreters. Every court interpreter should utilize several dictionaries. An essential part of the interpreter's job is to continuously look up word meanings in both languages.
This glossary is meant to serve as a foundation for the development of individual bilingual legal glossaries by Korean interpreters. The words are widely spaced to allow for the inclusion of usage notes and other comments. Interpreters are strongly encouraged to elaborate on the definition (as opposed to the equivalent, which is the translation of each term, a definition is a statement of the meaning(s) of the word or phrase), of each word in Korean and Engllsh, to make
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up a sentence using the tern. and to include other pertinent information. Binder paper can be added at the end of the glossary for the addition of other important legal terms. For an exceIIent discussion of the development of an interpreter's glossary, see Gonzalez, Vasquez, and Mikkelson, Fundamentals of Court Interpretation, Carolina Academic Press 456 (1 99 1 ).
Ths project was produced through the efforts of several people. The word fist was compiled by Joanne Moore, JD. , manager of the Washington State Court Interpreters Certification Program, Office of the Administrator for the Courts. and by &egg Miller, certified interpreter and interpreting educator in Los Angeles County, California. The Korean equivalents were written by Jacki Noh, California certified Korean interpreter, and Ted Kim, California certified Korean interpreter. They were reviewed by Nam-Jong Alex Jo, California certified Korean interpreter, Ken Lee, a bilingual attorney in practice in Santa Clara, California, and Professor Chin Kim, California Western School of Law, San Diego, California.
This glossary was developed through a grant from the State Justice Institute. Points of view expressed here in are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the State Justice Institute.
Every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the translations and dehitions contained herein. No express or implied guarantees or warranties are made.
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ABSTRACT ( S u m m a r y >
ACCESSORY (assistant in a crime)
ACCOMPLICE
ACCUSATION
LEGAL TERMINOLOGY
%*
(formal written charge)
ACCUSE
ACCUSED (defendant)
ACQUIT
ACQUITTAL
ADJUDICATE (v)
ADJUDICATION (n). (deciding case through judicial
or administrative hearing)
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ADMISSION
(disclosure of adverse facts)
ADOPTION 9% (legal process of establishing parental
relationship between adoptive parent
and child born of other parents)
ADVISEMENT OF RIGHTS
AFFIDAVIT
AFFIDAVIT OF PREJUDICE (sworn statement alleging
a potential judge is biased) L
AGREEMENT WI (two or more persons' mutual promises)
ALLEGATION
(party's statement of fact the party intends to prove)
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ALLEGE (asserted as a true fact)
AMEND Flww (to revise a complaint or other legal document)
AMENDMENT (modification of document)
ANSWER
1. (n) defendant's formal document
2. (VI to respond or reply to a question
1. w!*I
2. *@*q setting outdefense (civil)
or charge
APPEAL (n) %* (review of a case by a higher court)
APPEAL (VI 9Mw+ (to file a case in a higher court for review)
APPEARANCE (party's presence in court)
ARBITRATION
ARGUMENT
(debate before the court)
ARRAIGN
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ARRAIGNMENT (to formally advise defendant of the
charges at an initial court appearance
ARFWST
(law enforcement‘s taking of suspect
into formal custody)
ASSIGNEE
ATTEST (to a f € i under oath)
ATTORNEY
ATTORNEY OF RECORD
AUTHENTICATE
BAIL (security given for the release of
a defendant &ling trial)
BAIL BONDSMAN
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BRIL FORFEITURE
BAIL REVIEW
BAILIFF
BANKRUPTCY
BENCH !judge or court)
BIAS
BODY ATTACHMENT
BOND (certificate of debt redeemable if
defendant fails to appear in court)
BOOKING NUMBER
BREATHALYZER
BRIJ3E
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BRIEF (n> written synopsis of case
BURDEN OF PROOF
CALENDAR, COURT
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
CASE
(criminal or civil lawsuit)
CAUSATION
CERTIFIED
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
CHALLENGE (v) to object to the qualifications
of a potential juror
CHALLENGE FOR CAUSE . .
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CHAMBERS
Cj udge ' s off ice)
CHARGE
CIIILD SUPPORT
CIRCUMSTANCES, AGGRAVATING
CIRCUMSTANCES, MITIGATING
CITATION
1. official notice to appear in court
especidly in traffic court
2. notation of legal authority
CITY ATTORNEY
CIVIL ACTION
CLAIM (n)
(legal demand)
CLAIM (VI
(to insist upon)
CLERK (court official)
2.
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COLLATERAL
1. property pledged to secure
a debt (eg., bail)
2. supplementary and additional
COMMISSIONER
COMMIT (VI 1. to institutionalize, e g . , to
a mental hospital
2. to perpetsate, e.g. a crime
COMMITMENT (consignment of person to
a mental hospital or a prison)
COMMUNITY PROPERTY
COMPETENCY
(legal capacity to stand trial or a witness)
COMPLAINT (written statement initiating
a criminal or civil action)
COMPLY
(to act as directed or ordered)
COMPOSITE DRAWING
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CONFESSION 4 4
CONFISCATE s+*q (gnvernmental seizure of property)
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT va% Tw
CONTEMPT OF COURT a 3
CONTIWANCE + g , 971 (rescheduling a legal proceeding for a later date)
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE +4 wr
CONVICT (n) (individual who has been found
guilty of a crime)
CONVICT (VI +34 *z!* wwt (to find a defendant guilty of a crime)
CONVICTION * a (finding of guilty in a criminal case)
CORONER a A1 3
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COUNSEL
1. (VI to advise
2. (n) lawyer
COUNSEL TABLE
COUNT (n) bumbered charge)
COUNTERCLAIM
COUNTY JAIL
COURT
COURT, DEPENDENCY
COURT, DISTRICT
COURT, JUVENILE
COURT, MUNICIPAL
COURT, NIGHT
COURT, SUPERIOR
COURT, SUPREME
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COURT, TRAFFIC
COURT-APPOINTED COUNSEL
COURT INTERPRETER
COURT REPORTER
COURTROOM
CREDIBILITY
CRIME
CRIMINAL
CRIMINAL RECORD
CUSTODY 1. care and control of children
2. incarceration
DAMAGES (repayment for loss or i n j m >
DEATHPENALTY
DEATH ROW
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DECREE (n) (order, judgement)
DEFENDANT qilg
DEFENSE 1. the defendant and defense attorney
2. evidence offered by an accused
1. 4’3% 2. %ol, 9@m#>
to defeat a criminal charge
DEFENSE ATTORNEY q3+
DELIBERATION 44 (careful consideration, e.g. of jury>
DEPORTATION
DEPOSITION
(oral statement given under oath)
DEPUTY D.A.
DETENTION (being retained in custody)
. .
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I2
- ... . . - - .. .
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DISCOVERY (pretrial process to obtain facts from other side)
DISMISS 71 z-wq
DISSOLUTION +I&, q&u!%#9~ (termination of a marriage, partnership, etc.)
DIVERSION za+ 7l*%4 (alternative program which may result in dismissal of charges) sl-+ 71&+q)
(gqq ii!+q g713 3% E8OZ
DIVORCE 01 $
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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
DUE PROCESS
ENHANCEMENT (factor that increases c r i r n i d penalty)
ENTER A PLEA
ENTRAPMENT
EQUAL PROTECTION
EVICTION
EVIDENCE
EVIDENCE, CIRCUMSTANTIAL
EVIDENCE, DIRECT
EVIDENCE, PRIMA FACE
. -
EXAMINATION, CROSS
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EXAMINATION, DIRECT
EXAMTNATION, RE-CROSS
EXAMINATION, RE-DIRECT
EXHIl3IT
(object submitted as evidence)
EXHIBIT, PEOPLE’S
EXTRADITION
EYEWITNESS
FAILURE TO COMPLY
FAIR HEARING
FALSE IMPRISONMENT
FELONY
FIELD SOBRIETY TEST
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FILE (n)
FEE (VI
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBEITY
FINE c!s (court-imposed monetary assessment)
FINGERPRINTS x1 ?F
FIREARM *E
FORECLOSURE
FORFEIT
FOSTER CARE
FRAUD A) 71
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GARNISH (to issue prvcess for purpose of attaching
wages or money)
GOOD CAUSE
GRAND JURY
GROUNDS (reasons)
GUARDIANSHIP
GUILTY
HABEAS CORPUS
HEARING (formal proceeding held before judge or
administrative law judge)
HEARING, CONTESTED
HEARING, PRELIMINARY
HEARSAY
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HOLDING CELL
ILLEGAL c
IMM-uMTY (exemption from a charge or penalty)
IMPEACHMENT OF WITNESS s9sl @@I
INADMISSIBLE
INCRIMINATE
INDICTMENT
INDIGENT
INFORMANT (formal charge)
INFORMATION
, . INFMCTION
INJUNCTION
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INMATE
INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY
INTENT (state of mind when performing an act)
INVESTIGATION
JUDGE (n)
JUDGMENT
JUROR, ALTERNATE
JURY
JURY, HUNG
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JURY BOX
JURY FURElMAN
JURY TRIAL
mmlz
JUVENILE HALL
KIDNAP
LARCENY
LAWSUIT
LEADING QUESTION
LEASE
LIABILITY
LIBEL (n)
LIE DETECTOR
LIFE IMPRISONMENT
LINE-UP
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LITIGATION
MALICE
(purposely committing a crime
which will h a m another)
MALPRACTICE
MENTAL HEALTH
MIRANDA WARNING
MISDEMEANOR
MISTRIAL
MODIFICATION
MOTION (a petition for a ruling)
MOTION DENIED
MOTION GRANTED
MUG SHOT
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NEGLIGENCE
NOT GUILTY
NULL AND VOID
OATH
OBJECT (v)
UBJECTION
(formal protestation to the other
party's assertion or evidence)
OBJECTION OVERRULED
OBJECTION SUSTAINED
OFFENDER
OFFENSE (violation of law)
OFFER OF PROOF
ORDER, COURT . .
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ORDINANCE
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OVERRULE 471
OVERT ACT
PARALEGAL
PAROLE
PARTY
plaintiff (people, state, etc.1 or defendant
PATERNITY
PENALTY
PENALTY ASSESSMENT
PENDING
(not yet decided)
PENITENTIARY
PEOPLE (PROSECUTION)
PEREMPTORY CHALLENGE , -
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PERMANENT RESIDENT
PETITION (n) %%4 (formal written request for an order)
PETITION (VI 3d*q, aa3q (ask, request)
PLAINTIFF 43
PLEA BARGAIN 44 Y+f
PLEADINGS
(documents filed in a case)
POLYGRAPH
POSTPONEMENT
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PRE-SENTENCE REPORT
PREJUDICE (bias or preconceived opinion)
PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE Sa4
PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE W-W +%
PRETRIAL CONFERENCE
PRIOWLE OFFENSE
PRIORS
PRISON izS*
PRIVILEGE 93, +w (immunity against compulsory disclosure,
e.g., privilege against self incrimination,
attorney client privilege, etc.
PRO PER
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PROBABLE CAUSE
PROBATION
(suspension of defendant's sentence under
supervision of probation officer)
PROBATION, FORMAL
PROBATION, SUMMARY
PROBATION DEPARTMENT
PROBATION OFFICER
PROOF (evidence convincing to the judge or jury)
PROSECUTION
PROSECUTOR
PUBLIC DEFENDER (P.D.1
QUASH
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F2AJ? SHEET
REBUTTAL **, 3%
RECKLESS DRIVING 3% $8
REGULATION ii-4
RELINQUISHMENT
(giving up a right)
55 71
REMAND 1. to send a case back to a lower court '1.334REkZ ***q
2. A+* or administrative hearings office
2. to send a person back into custody
REMEDY (n) ?4 9 4 (legal compensation for a wrong)
REPORT
1. (VI to state 1 . 8 9 * c ) 2. {nI formal account of facts or information 2. XiWI
. -
RESPONDENT
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L
RESTITUTION
FESTFZAI"G ORDER
REVOKE
RIGHTS, CONSTITUTIONAL
RULE (VI (to decide)
SEARCH AND SEIZURE
SELF DEFENSE
SELF-INCRIMINATION
SENTENCE (n) (court's punishment)
SENTENCE, CONCURRENT
SENTENCE, CONSECUTIVE . -
SENTENCE, SUSPENDED
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SENTENCING
SEPARATION
SERVE A SENTENCE
SETTLEMENT
SHERIFF
STATEMJZNT, CLOSING
STATEMENT, OPENING
STATUTE
STATUTE OF LJMITATIONS
STATUTORY RAPE
STAY (n)
(a delay or cessation)
STAY (VI (to put off or block)
STIPULATE
STIPULATION
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STRAIGHT TIME
SUBMIT (present to the court for consideration,
e.g., evidence)
SUBPOENA
SUE
SUIT
SUSTAIN
SWEAR (to declare under oath)
TESTIFY
TESTIMONY
TIMJ3 SERVED
TORT
TRAFFIC CITATION , .
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TRAIL
TRANSCRIPT
TRJAL
TRLAL, COURT/BENCH
TRIAL, JURY
TRIAL, SPEEDY
UNCONSTITUTIONAL
UNDERCOVER
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNLAWFUL DETAINER
VACATE
(to cancel)
VENUE
, .
VERDICT
VICTIM
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VISITATION $43 (right of parent to visit with children)
VOIR DLRE
WAIVE (TIME)
WAIVE=R OF RIGHTS
WARRANT (order>
WARRANT, ARREST
WARRANT, BENCH
WARRANT, SEARCH
WEAPON
WEAPUN, CONCEALED
WEAPON, DEADLY
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WEIGHT OF THE EWDENCE
WITNESS (n)
WITNESS, DEFENSE
WITNESS, EXPERT
WITNESS, HOSTILE
WITNESS, MATERIAL
WITNESS, PROSECUTION
WITNESS STAND
WORK FURLOUGH
WORK RELEASE
WRIT
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VOCABULARY (CRIMES)
ASSAULT
(attempt to inflict an injwy)
ASSAULT, AGGRAVATED
AUTO TAMPERING
BATTERY
BATTERY, SPOUSAL
BOOKMAKING
BRANDISHING A WEAPON
BREAKING AND ENTERING
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BURGLARY
CHLD MOLESTATION
CONSPIRACY
CONTEMPT OF COURT
COUNTERFEITING
DISORDERLY CONDUCT
DISTURBING THE PEACE
DRl"G WHILE INTOXICATED
DRUNK D W I N G
EMBEZZLEMENT
EXTORTION
FAILURE TO APPEAR (ITA)
FORGERY
GAMBLING
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GLUE SNIFFING
GRAND THEFT
HIT AND RUN
HOMICIDE
INCEST
INDECENT EXPOSURE
JOYFKDING
KIDNAPPING
LARCENY
LEWD CONDUCT
LIBEL
LOITERING
LYNCHING
, .
MALICIOUS MISCHXEF
4
3
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MANSLAUGHTER 334
MANSLAUGHTER, VOLUNTARY WM 334
MAYHEM +tal4
ORAL COPULATION, FORCED 93 43
PANDERING ?%*14
PERJURY qe4
POSSESSION OF DRUGS (COCAINE, HEROIN) mkqkxl4
PROSTITUTION dS4
RAPE me4
RAPE IN CONCERT
RECKLESS DRIVING *%%a4
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ROBBERY
SEXUAL MOLESTATION
SHOPLIITING
SLANDER
SODOMY
THEFT
THEFT, GRAND
THEFT, PETTY
TRESPASSING
VAGRANCY
VANDALISM
4
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BBLIOGRAPHY
O l i b F S , 41 D l 3 A k 8 (Anglo-American Law Dictionary) 42%. 3 %S@, 1989. (Available in Korean bookstores in Seattle and Los Angeles such as Dong-A Book Plaza 213-332-7100, 7101)
$ Y p! 7rd 3, 9! d L 9 T! 5th ed.) 415%. q % A j % 53, 1992.
(Minjung’s Essence English-Korean Dictionary,
(Available in most Korean bookstores in the US>
?!%4 % ?I%’?, 932s 2nd ed.), dI29,
(Minjung’s Essence Korean-English Dictionary, ? l + A j % 99, 1987.
(Available in most Korean bookstores in the US)
%q w 4 , qzrq 444,418 9*%, 1990. (Available in bookstores in Korea)
Z”M, $3. 3%4,1991 (Available in bookstores in Korea)
3 3 q-34, GI%*. ?Id Q+W, 1983. (Available in bookstores in Korea)
Un Bok Cheong, B m n ’ s Bilingual Business Guides Talhg Business in Korean. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., 1988.
(For availability information, call Barron‘s Educational Series, Inc. at 1-800-645-3476)
Black’s Law Dictionary, West Publishing Company (6th ed. 1990) (Available in law school bookstores and law libraries)
Burton, Legal Thesaurus, MacmiIlan Publishing Co., Inc. (2nd ed. 1992) (Available in Iaw school bookstores and law libraries)
Gonzales, Vasquez, and Mikkelson, Fundamentals of Court Interpretation, Carolina Academic Press (1991)
(For availability information, call Carolina Academic Press at 1-919-489-7486)
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4