State Agency Initiative

Tommy E. NantungINDOT Office of Research and Development

Transportation Research Board88th Annual Meeting

Sunday, January 10, 2009

Traffic Load Spectra

INDOT Research and Development

Spectra

Materials, Design

INDOT Pavement Steering

, gFeatures, and

Climateg

Committee

INDOT Pavement

Specifications and Design Manual

INDOT Pavement Engineering Office,

Planning OfficeWIM and Traffic

D tData

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

Data Equipment Knowledge

Level 1 Some sites Some sites

Level 2 Study Some regions

Level 3a Study Some regions

Level 3b Coverage counts Coverage counts

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

Required input dataBasic inputs such asp

AADTT, % truck, and O i l dOperational speed

Traffic volume adjustment factor such asMonthly adjustment class distribution and hourly Monthly adjustment, class distribution, and hourly distribution

Other general traffic inputs such asAxle numbers for single, tandem, tridem, and quad axle groups Axle load distribution, andAxle load distribution, andAxle configuration

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

I-74

N1 2 4 3

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

Planning data: 126,005 AADTWIM actual data: 101,199 AADT

T k Cl Di t ib ti

WIM actual data: 101,199 AADT

Truck Class Distribution

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

Unclassified trucks

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Truc

k V

olum

e (%

)

0.00

5.00

C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C0

Truck Class

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

Indiana has 56 WIM sites, 7 more to comeProvide files for:Provide files for:

Monthly Adjustment FactorVehicle Class DistributionHourly DistributionAxle Load Distribution

GroupsA for AADTT = 1 to 3,000B for AADTT = 3,001 to 6,000C for AADTT = 6,001 to 20,000D f AADTT 20 000D for AADTT > 20,000

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

Review Preparedness Traffic Data Weigh-In-Motion

D t A i iti Preparedness (Data, Knowledge,

and Equipment)

Traffic Data Processing Plan Data Acquisition

and Pre-Processing

Weigh-In-Motion D t P i d Identify errors and Truck Weight Road

G D t Data Processing and Analysis

yissues in traffic data Group Data

Verification

Database Database Development for

Load SpectraGIS Software for

Load Spectra TWRG Deployment

Generate locations of WIM and AVC in GIS mapsOne click to a GIS map to export traffic data to MEPDG

Review Preparedness S iti it A l i

Design Features, Materials, and Preparedness

(Data, Knowledge, and Equipment)

Sensitivity Analysis Materials, and Construction data

requirements

Identify errors, sensitive and critical, Experimental Design Mini LTPP Project ,

and importance of parameters

p gfor Material Inputs

jConstruction

Field Monitoring and Field Monitoring and Field and Lab

TestingData Collection and

Analysis Local Calibrations

FlexData

AC - MixEquipment Knowledge

Rigid Data Equipment Knowledge

Level 1Some sites,

(Research &

Level 1 x

Level 2

Level 1Study (Research &

M-T)

Level 2 Study (Research & Level 2

Level 3 Default N/A

M-T)

Level 3 Default

Soil Data Equipment Knowledge

Level 1 On-going study

Level 2 On-going study

Level 3 Default

Review Preparedness S iti it A l i

Design Features, Materials, and Preparedness

(Data, Knowledge, and Equipment)

Sensitivity Analysis Materials, and Construction data

requirements

Identify errors, sensitive and critical, Experimental Design Mini LTPP Project ,

and importance of parameters

p gfor Material Inputs

jConstruction

Field Monitoring and Field Monitoring and Field and Lab

TestingData Collection and

Analysis Local Calibrations

Percent Slabs Parameter Roughness Faulting Percent Slabs Cracked

Level 3Modulus of Rupture S NS VSModulus of Rupture S NS VSCompressive Strength S NS VS

Level 2Compressive Strength S NS VS20-year/28-day Ratio S NS VS

Level 1Modulus of Rupture S NS VSModulus of Elasticity S NS VS20 year/28 day Ratio S NS VS20-year/28-day Ratio S NS VS

Percent Slabs Parameter Roughness Faulting Percent Slabs Cracked

Permanent Curl/Warp Effective Temperature VS VS VSEffective Temperature Difference

VS VS VS

Joint Spacing VS VS VS

D l B Di MS MS NSDowel Bar Diameter MS MS NS

Pavement Thickness S MS VS

Poisson’s Ratio MS MS SPoisson s Ratio MS MS S

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion VS VS VS

Th l C d ti it S MS VSThermal Conductivity S MS VS

Parameter IRI Alligator Cracking

Permanent Deformation

AC Thermal Fracture

AC Thickness S VS S VSPG-Grade NS S S S

|E*| NS S S NSPoisson’s Ratio NS NS NS NSAir voids (L1) NS S NS NS

Effective Binder Content (L1) NS NS NS NSSurface Short Wave S NS S S

Average Tensile Strength NS NS NS S|D*| NS NS NS VS

Coefficient of Thermal Contraction NS NS NS NS

Thermal Conductivity NS NS NS NS

Heat Capacity NS NS S VS

Review Preparedness S iti it A l i

Design Features, Materials, and Preparedness

(Data, Knowledge, and Equipment)

Sensitivity Analysis Materials, and Construction data

requirements

Identify errors, sensitive and critical, Experimental Design Mini LTPP Project ,

and importance of parameters

p gfor Material Inputs

jConstruction

Field Monitoring and Field Monitoring and Field and Lab

TestingData Collection and

Analysis Local Calibrations

Group or Screen

FieldNumber Input name Typical Value Proposed Indiana value Status of

input Comments

Design Features 34 Slab thickness (inch) This field is not an input, it comes

from Layer #1 input Input in parameter #66 Option

Permanent Curl/Warp S iti d Do not change this 35

/ pEffective Temperature difference (degrees)

-10 -10 Sensitive and Critical

gvalue until further research

36 Joint Spacing (feet) 15-30 9" to 12" = 20 feet, 13" to 16" = 18 feet

Sensitive and Critical

Can be changed to optimize the curling stress

37 S l T None, Liquid, Silicone, and Sili f d I INDOT Manual 37 Sealant Type None, Liquid, Silicone, and Performed Silicone or preformed ImportantINDOT Manual

Chapter 52

38 Dowel Transverse Joint Check item Check this item Sensitive and Critical

39 Dowel Diameter (inches) 1" to 1.5"Thickness <9" = 1",

between 9" to 12" = 1.25", >12" = 1.5"

Sensitive and Critical

INDOT Standard Drawing E-503-CCPJ-01

40 Dowel Spacing (inches) 12" 12" ImportantINDOT Standard Drawing E-503-CCPJ-01

41 Edge support: Tied Shoulder Based on design Based on design Sensitive and

Critical

INDOT Standard Drawing E-503-CCPJ-07

50% to 70% for sawed

42 Edge Support: Long Term LTE (%)

50% to 70% for sawed longitudinal joint with tie bar,

30% to 50% for construction longitudinal with tie bar, 0% for

no tie bar

60% ImportantNot critical to Indiana

43 Edge support: Widened Sl b Check item

Check this item if the slab width is wider than 12 Sensitive and

C iti lSlab feet Critical

44 Edge Support: Slab width (feet) 12 to 14 feet Slab width Sensitive and

CriticalLane + widen edge

12234

55

6

7 8

Map of soil of Indiana (finishing January 2009)Level 1 soil inputp

FWD seasonal testingLog k1 = 6.660876 - 0.22136 x OMC - 0.04437 x MC -0.92743 x MCR -0.06133 x DD + 10.64862 x %comp + 0.328465 x SATU-0.04434 x % p%sand - 0.04349 x %SILT -0.01832 x %CLAY + 0.027832 x LL - 0.01665 x PI

k 3 952635 0 33897 OMC 0 076116 MC 2 45921 MCR k2 = 3.952635 - 0.33897 x OMC + 0.076116 x MC - 2.45921 x MCR -0.06462 x DD + 6.012966 x %comp + 1.559769 x SATU + 0.020286 x %sand + 0.002321 x %SILT + 0.011056 x %CLAY + 0.077436 x LL -0.05367 x PI

k3 = 2.634084 + 0.124471 x OMC - 0.09277 x MC + 0.366778 x MCR -0.01168 x DD - 1.32637 x %comp + 1.297904 x SATU -0.01226 x %sand

0 00512 x %SILT 0 00492 x %CLAY 0 05083 x LL + 0 018864 x PI- 0.00512 x %SILT - 0.00492 x %CLAY -0.05083 x LL + 0.018864 x PI

Review Preparedness S iti it A l i

Design Features, Materials, and Preparedness

(Data, Knowledge, and Equipment)

Sensitivity Analysis Materials, and Construction data

requirements

Identify errors, sensitive and critical, Experimental Design Mini LTPP Project ,

and importance of parameters

p gfor Material Inputs

jConstruction

Field Monitoring and Field Monitoring and Field and Lab

TestingData Collection and

Analysis Local Calibrations

Group or Screen

FieldNumber Input name Typical Value Proposed Indiana value Status of

input Comments

Design Features 34 Slab thickness (inch) This field is not an input, it comes

from Layer #1 input Input in parameter #66 Option

Permanent Curl/Warp S iti Do not change this 35

/ pEffective Temperature difference (degrees)

-10 -10 Sensitive and Critical

gvalue until further research

36 Joint Spacing (feet) 15-30 9" to 12" = 20 feet, 13" to 16" = 18 feet

Sensitive and Critical

Can be changed to optimize the curling stress

37 S l T None, Liquid, Silicone, and Sili f d I t tINDOT Manual 37 Sealant Type None, Liquid, Silicone, and Performed Silicone or preformed ImportantINDOT Manual

Chapter 52

38 Dowel Transverse Joint Check item Check this item Sensitive and Critical

39 Dowel Diameter (inches) 1" to 1.5"Thickness <9" = 1",

between 9" to 12" = 1.25", >12" = 1.5"

Sensitive and Critical

INDOT Standard Drawing E-503-CCPJ-01J

40 Dowel Spacing (inches) 12" 12" ImportantINDOT Standard Drawing E-503-CCPJ-01

41 Edge support: Tied Shoulder Based on design Based on design Sensitive

and Critical

INDOT Standard Drawing E-503-CCPJ-07

50% 70% f d

42 Edge Support: Long Term LTE (%)

50% to 70% for sawed longitudinal joint with tie bar,

30% to 50% for construction longitudinal with tie bar, 0% for

no tie bar

60% ImportantNot critical to Indiana

43 Edge support: Widened Check itemCheck this item if the slab

width is wider than 12 Sensitive 43 Slab Check item width is wider than 12 feet and Critical

44 Edge Support: Slab width (feet) 12 to 14 feet Slab width Sensitive

and CriticalLane + widen edge

Final preparation for input files (October 2008)Changes in INDOT Pavement Design ManualChanges in INDOT Pavement Design ManualChanges in INDOT Standard SpecificationsTraining October 12 13 and 14 2008Training October 12, 13, and 14, 2008

INDOT pavement designers, FHWA Indiana OfficeIndustry representativesIndustry representatives

Start January 1, 2009Another training March 16 and 17 2009Another training, March 16 and 17, 2009

ConsultantsHMA and Concrete industry participantsy p p

I-465 in IndianapolisJPCP – MEPDG 13 inches

JPCP – AASHTO 1993 15 inches

SR-13 in Hancock Co.HMA – MEPDG 11 inches

HMA AASHTO 1993 12 5 inchesHMA– AASHTO 1993 12.5 inches

Review Preparedness S iti it A l i

Design Features, Materials, and Preparedness

(Data, Knowledge, and Equipment)

Sensitivity Analysis Materials, and Construction data

requirements

Identify errors, sensitive and critical, Experimental Design Mini LTPP Project ,

and importance of parameters

p gfor Material Inputs

jConstruction

Field Monitoring and Local Field Monitoring and Field and Lab

TestingData Collection and

AnalysisLocal

Calibrations

HMA local calibrationINDOT implemented Superpave in 1996INDOT implemented Superpave in 1996Tune-up and refinement

1996 to 2000Changes in standard specification

2000 to 2005T d f diffTremendous performance difference

RuttingFatigue crackingFatigue crackingThermal cracking

What to calibrate to?No full depth LTPP section in IndianaPavements prior to 2005 do not represent current practices

Concrete Pavement local calibrationAdopted drainable base in 1992Adopted drainable base in 1992Changes in standard specification since thenNo pavement joint faulting in IndianaHave to calibrate only against mid-slab cracking

Do your homeworkTraffic and soil inputs are the most difficult to pmake them correct (error prone)

Take a lot of efforts and expertisek l fTake a lot of time

Find errors in input parameters first and do local calibration (smaller errors)calibration (smaller errors)Simplify the inputs

Provide input files, catalog of local inputsp , g pShow to the potential users the locations of each input

Buy-in from your executive staffDon’t throw away your AASHTO 1993 yet