Starter• What are the differences between a

dehydration and hydrolysis reaction?• What are the properties that make water so

important?• What are the 4 major macromolecules?• What are the two parts to a chemical reaction?• Read 5.2• Concept Check 1 and 3

Starter

• How do you differentiate between a dehydration and hydrolysis reaction?

• Name the 4 major macromolecules.

Starter

• What do you need to know for each macromolecule?

• What are the names of the people you sit with?

• What are the common elements found in the macromolecules?

Starter

• How do animals store sugar?• What does hydrophobic mean?

Starter

• What are enzymes and what do they do?• What is the monomer of a protein? What

holds two of those monomers together?

What are Macromolecules?

• Large Molecules formed by joining many subunits together.– Polymers• Built by Dehydration Synthesis

– Water Out

• Broken by Hydrolysis– Water In

Macromolecules

What you need to know…

• For each Macromolecule– Function– Structure– Example(s)

Types of Organic Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins • Nucleic Acids

• Common Elements found in each:– C, H, N, O, P, S

Carbohydrates -- Function

• Main fuel supply for cellular work

Carbohydrate Structure

• Made of sugar molecules– Composed of• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen

Examples of Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides – simple sugars– 1 sugar unit– Ex: glucose

• Disaccharides – double sugar– 2 monosaccharides– Ex: Sucrose

• Polysaccharides – complex carbohydrate– Ex: starch

Glucose

Sucrose

Starch

Stored Sugar

• Organisms break sugars down– Use what they need– Store what they don’t• Animals – Glycogen• Plants – Starch

Lipids -- Function

• Hydrophobic• Not a true polymer

• Function– Energy Storage–Cell Membrane

Structure

Lipid Structure

• C, H, O• General Fat structure• 3 carbon backbone attached to three fatty acids– Saturated – all three fatty acids chains have maximum

number of Hydrogen atoms• Butter– Unsaturated – contain less than the maximum number

of hydrogen atoms in one or more of its fatty acid chains• fruits

Examples of Lipids

• Steroids– Estrogen– Testosterone– Cholesterol

• Fats• Oils

Proteins -- Function

• Responsible for almost all day-to-day functioning of organisms

• Structural (bones, skin, hair, nails, muscle)• Enzymes

– Speed up chemical reactions

• Long-term nutrient storage

Protein Structure

• Made up of Amino Acids– Linked together by

peptide bonds

• Polypeptide

• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Sulfur

What makes Proteins unique?• All proteins are the same EXCEPT– The R-Group• Determines the proteins function

Nucleic Acids - Function

1. Stores Genetic Information

2. Directs protein synthesis

Nucleic Acids -- Structure

• C, H, O, N and P• Made of nucleotides (monomer)– Sugar, phosphate, and base (A, T, G, C, U)

• Double Helix

Examples of Nucleic Acids

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid– DNA

• Ribonucleic Acid• RNA