starter fertilizer update - indianacca · starter fertilizer update jim camberato jason lee, cody...
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SStarter Fertilizer Update
Jim CamberatoJason Lee, Cody Hornaday, Bob Nielsen
Dept. of [email protected]
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TThanks!• Indiana Corn Marketing Council and Indiana corn growers
•Diagnostic Training Center•Pioneer Hi Bred International Inc.•A&L Great Lakes Laboratory• John Deere•AirScout•Purdue farm managers and staff
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Jour
nal A
m. S
oc. A
gron
. 193
0. 2
2:86
8-87
3.
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SStarter fertilizer
•Placement•In-furrow•A x B
•Source•N, P, K, micros….
•Rate
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OOther important factors
•Soil•Temperature•Nutrient levels•Moisture content•Soil strength•……………….
•Crop •Seedling vigor•Hybrid•Growth conditions•Yield potential•…………………..
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GGuidelines for starter applicationspprimarily salt related
PlacementMaximum N + K2O
(lbs/A)With seed on sandy soils 5With seed on other soils 8Within 1” of seed 202X2 band 100
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OOther considerations•Fertilizers that produce ammonia and nitrite which are toxic to plants
•Most fertilizers especially urea- and ammonium containing fertilizers (especially ATS) have potential to create unhealthy environments when placed with the seed
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http://www.ipni.net/article/IPNI-3268
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SStarter fertilizer effects on C/C
• Cody Hornaday, M.S. project• Determine effects of starter fertilizer on
the rate of corn development and yield in continuous corn (since 2006)
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PPop-up and 2x2 starter trials
•4 locations (2014, 2015 & 2016)•5 treatments
•Control – no 2x2 or pop-up•Pop-Up – 3 gal 10-34-0•Low 2x2 – 8.3 gal 19-17-0•Pop-Up and Low 2x2•High 2x2 – 16.7 gal 19-17-0
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SStarter fertilizer treatments• No starter fertilizer (Control)• 3.4 lb N/ac with 11.6 lb P205/ac in-furrow (PU)• 25 lb N/ac with 22.5 lb P205/ac 2x2 (LoSt)†
• 3.4 lb N/ac with 11.6 lb P205/ac in-furrow + 21.6 lb N/ac with 19.2 lb P205/ac 2x2 (PU&LoSt)†
• 50 lb N/ac with 44.7 lb P205/ac 2x2 (HiSt)†
• † At SEPAC, P2O5 rates in 2x2 were 12.5 and 25.0 lb/ac for treatments with LoSt and HiSt, respectively.
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SStarter increased early--sseason growth at all sitesHo
rnad
ay, 2
016
C/C - 2016
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•Is greater growth due to more robust plants, taller plants, or faster development?
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FFaster leaf appearance occurred and ddifference in GS increased over time
R2
Hornaday, 2016
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Hornaday, 2016
RResponse was similar across sites despite soil type, tillage, temperature differences
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SStarter increased rate of vegetative development
Horn
aday
, 201
6
C/C - 2016
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SStarter resulted in earlier silking
Horn
aday
, 201
6
C/C - 2016
Grain moisture decrease 0.5 1.3 1.5 1.9
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22x2 starter increased grain yield at 3 of 7 sites –– 2015, 2016
Horn
aday
, 201
6
C/C - 2016
6-9 bu/a
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22x2 starter increased yield at 1 of 3 sites-2014
C/C - 2016Hornaday, 2016
10-17 bu/a
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CCorn after soybean starter trials – 2016, only•5 locations – previous 4 plus TPAC
•2x2 starter vs no starter
Lee, 2016
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22x2 starter yyielded 7 bu/a more than no starter
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Diffe
renc
e in
yie
ld, b
u/ac
re *
*
*
**
DPAC PPAC TPACSEPACNEPAC
No starter yield, bu/acre198 153 222 201 186
C/S - 2016
+4-12 bu/a
Lee, 2016
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SSummary•2x2 or pop-up fertilizer was beneficial to early plant growth, accelerated leaf appearance, and earlier silking when compared to no fertilizer at planting.
•Earlier silking with 2x2 or pop-up resulted in drier grain at harvest – PU - 0.5%, 2x2 starter treatments - 1.3-1.9%.
https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/research/StarterFertilizer.pdf
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SSummary•In C/C grain yield was unaffected by pop-up in comparison to no fertilizer at planting. 2x2 starter increased yield at 1 of 3 sites in 2014 (10 to 17 bu/acre) and 3 of 7 sites in 2015 & 2016 by 6 to 9 bu/acre.
•In C/S grain yield was increased at all 5 locations in 2016 (4 to 12 bu/acre)
https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/research/StarterFertilizer.pdf
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SSpatial response to starter fertilizer
•Jason Lee, Ph.D. project•Does response to starter fertilizer vary by soil properties?
•How do starter fertilizers affect root development?
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Lee, 2016
27 acres
70’ grid, 16 cores on 10’ radius on each point
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Soil test P53
36
23
10 Soil test P Lee, 2016
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NNDVI responded to starter similarly across soil test P levels
R² = 0.08
R² = 0.15
R² = 0.01
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
NDV
I
Soil test P, lb/acre
Control 19-17-0 28-0-0
Lee, 2016
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YYield response to starter by soil test P
R² = 0.12R² = 0.10R² = 0.01
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
5 15 25 35 45 55
Yie
ld
P ppm
ControlStarter 19-17-0 (high)Starter 28-0-0 (high)
Lee, 2016
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Soil test P53
36
23
10 Soil test P
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSoooooooooooooooooooooiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilllllllllllllllllllll ttttttttttttttttttttteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesssssssssssssssssssssttttttttttttttttttttt PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP555333333333333333333333
36
SSSoooiiilll ttteeesssttt PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP Lee, 2016
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SSpatial response to starter fertilizer
•Just beginning
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SStarter treatments SWPAC –– 22015&20161. No starter2. N only 30 lb N/ac3. N+Zn 2 lb Zn/ac4. N+Zn+S 10 lb S/ac5. N+S
Everything equalized to 200 N, 20 S, and 0.5 B lb/acre
6. N without S (2015 only)
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GGrain yield unaffected by trt - 2015
0
50
100
150
200
None N N+Zn N+Zn+S N+S N only
205 197 203 202 197 195
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VV6 tissue concentrations - 2016
0
10
20
30
None N N+Zn N+Zn+S N+S
21 24 27* 28* 23
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EEarleaf tissue concentrations - 2016
0
10
20
30
None N N+Zn N+Zn+S N+S
25 26 26 28 25
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GGrain yield increased by zinc - 2016
0
50
100
150
200
None N N+Zn N+Zn+S N+S
203 201 207* 207* 200
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SSummary – response to S and Zn
•On a sandy soil with moderate pH, S, and Zn corn responded to starter-applied Zn in 1 of 2 years but not S
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QQuestions?