standing on the shoulders of giants · standing on the shoulders of giants ruby on ales, bend, or...

Standing on the Shoulders of Giants

Ruby on Ales, Bend, OR

Ryan Davis, Seattle.rb

@the_zenspiderx1





@the_zenspiderx

Setting ExpectationsSorta a history talk. Le Sigh.

Very Little Code.

Ideas/Survey Talk.

119 Slides, 3.4 SPM2




@the_zenspiderx

Teetotaler for ~20 years

3




@the_zenspiderx

Until…4




@the_zenspiderx

Madison Ruby 2012

5




@the_zenspiderx

Whisky & Cheese Pairing

6




@the_zenspiderx

Thanks Big Tiger

7




@the_zenspiderx

Thanks Big Tiger

7

Bite Me Ryan




@the_zenspiderx

Current Diet8




@the_zenspiderx

My Liver?9




@the_zenspiderx

Ain’t got time to filter

10




@the_zenspiderx

Thanks Josh

11




@the_zenspiderx

I’m a bit Toasty

12




@the_zenspiderx13

Intro




@the_zenspiderx

"we [the Moderns] are like dwarves perched on the shoulders of giants [the Ancients], and thus we are able to see more and farther than the latter. And this is not at all because of the acuteness of our sight or the stature of our body, but because we are carried aloft and elevated by the magnitude of the giants.”

Bernard of Chartres, 12th century

14




@the_zenspiderx

"If I have seen further it is by standing on ye sholders of Giants.”

Isaac Newton, 1676

15




@the_zenspiderx

(meta: we ALL stole the talk

title, zzak!)16




@the_zenspiderx

In Other Words17




@the_zenspiderx

Not a new concept, at all

18




@the_zenspiderx

Newton was

iterating19




@the_zenspiderx

Simple Idea20




@the_zenspiderx

Idea21




@the_zenspiderx

Begs the

question22




@the_zenspiderx

WTF, Language?

23




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby24




@the_zenspiderx

RubyCreated by Matz in 1993

Interpreted File-based “Scripting” System.

Purely Object-Oriented Class-based Runtime.

Incredibly Complex Syntax & Semantics.

Extensive Class Library, Numeric Tower, etc.

Designed for “Developer Happiness”.25




@the_zenspiderx

Fibonacci

26

class Integer def fib self < 2 ? self : (self-1).fib + (self-2).fib end end




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby History

27

1981 - 1990

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989

1991 - 2000

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

2001 - 2010

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

2011 - 2020

2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

Feb 1993: Birth

Dec 1995: Ruby 0.95

Dec 1996: Ruby 1.0

Dec 1998: Ruby 1.2

Aug 1999: Ruby 1.4

Aug 2000: Ruby 1.6

Aug 2003: Ruby 1.8

Dec 2007: Ruby 1.9

Feb 2013: Ruby 2.0

Dec 2013: Ruby 2.1

Dec 2014: Ruby 2.2

Glo

bal




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby History

27

1981 - 1990

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989

1991 - 2000

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999

2001 - 2010

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

2011 - 2020

2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

Feb 1993: Birth

Dec 1995: Ruby 0.95

Dec 1996: Ruby 1.0

Dec 1998: Ruby 1.2

Aug 1999: Ruby 1.4

Aug 2000: Ruby 1.6

Aug 2003: Ruby 1.8

Dec 2007: Ruby 1.9

Feb 2013: Ruby 2.0

Dec 2013: Ruby 2.1

Dec 2014: Ruby 2.2

Glo

bal

What Happened?




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby 1.0 Shipped with Almost Everything

28




@the_zenspiderx

Not Much Added Since 1.0Private/Protected (~1.1)

Class Variables (1.6)

Encodings (1.9, 2.0)

frilly syntactic sugar (that doesn't really improve much of anything) (1.9+)

29




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby is a fantastic language, but it could be

better.30




@the_zenspiderx

Smalltalk

Ruby

Lisp Perl

31




@the_zenspiderx

COLASelf

Smalltalk

Ruby

Lisp Perl

32




@the_zenspiderx33

Smalltalk Self

Scheme/Racket FONC/COLA

+ V

PRI T

eam

+ P

LT T

eam

+ D

an In

galls

TooCoolfor

Logos?




@the_zenspiderx

& Many More34




@the_zenspiderx

Smalltalk35




@the_zenspiderx

Brief summary of SmalltalkBy Alan Kay & Dan Ingalls at Xerox PARC, created in 1972. Publicly released in 1980.

Bytecode Compiled Image-based System.

Purely Object-Oriented Class-based Runtime.

Incredibly Simple/Clean Syntax and Semantics. Only 6 keywords, 4 precedence levels.

Fully Immersive development environment.

Incubator for Ideas: this is where many ideas of OO, patterns, mvc, etc came from.

WAY ahead of its time. Still is in some ways.

36




@the_zenspiderx

Fibonacci

37

!Integer methodsFor: 'benchmarks' stamp: 'jm 11/20/1998 07:06'! fib ^ self < 2 ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [(self-1) fib + (self-2) fib] ! !




@the_zenspiderx

Self38




@the_zenspiderx

Brief summary of selfDavid Ungar & Randall Smith started at Xerox PARC and finished at Sun in 87.

Bytecode Compiled + JIT Image-based System.

Purely Object-Oriented Classless (aka prototypes) Runtime.

Incredibly Simple/Clean Syntax & Semantics. 8 bytecodes. EIGHT.

Fully Immersive development environment.

Incubator for Ideas: java hotspot was born here.

39




@the_zenspiderx

Fibonacci

40

fibonacci = ( <= 1 ifTrue: [ self ] False: [ predecessor fibonacci + (- 2) fibonacci ])




@the_zenspiderx

Scheme & Racket

41




@the_zenspiderx

Brief summary of schemeBy Gerald Sussman & Guy Steele in 1975.

Scheme is a minimal variant of a lexically-scoped Lisp.

Lisp is a functional language based on lists.

Innovation Galore: Tail Call Optimizations, Numeric Tower, Hygienic Macros, 1st class continuations, etc.

42




@the_zenspiderx

Brief summary of racketBy Matthias Felleisen & PLT Cohort.

Racket is a maximal variant of Scheme. Huge incredibly diverse library.

Bytecode Compiled + JIT File-based System.

Mostly functional multi-language Runtime.

Simple Syntax & Semantics w/ rich expressions like extensive macros & structural matching.

Ships with Editor & Runtime.

43




@the_zenspiderx

Fibonacci

44

(define (fib x) (if (< x 2) x (+ (fib (- x 1)) (fib (- x 2)))))




@the_zenspiderx

COLA45




@the_zenspiderx

A Tiny, Beautiful

Kernel46




@the_zenspiderx

In the theme of this talk, we are coming back around to Alan Kay

47




@the_zenspiderx

Brief Summary of VPRI Viewpoints Research Institute (VPRI) is Alan Kay's thinktank

5 year NSF grant to work on FONC: foundations of new computing

Project: STEPS (STEPS Toward Expressive Programming Systems)

They want a whole system that can be understood by one brain

Entire system, from language to GUI Apps, in ~20kloc.48




@the_zenspiderx

Brief Summary of COLA Machine Compiled File-Based System.

Object Oriented Prototype-based Runtime.

Incredibly Simple/Clean Syntax & Semantics. (notice a pattern?)

COLA = Combined Object/Lambda Architecture.

“designed to be the simplest possible language which can be described in itself"

49




@the_zenspiderx

Fibonacci

50

Integer fib { ; lispy (if (< n 2) n (+ (fib (- n 1)) (fib (- n 2)))) }

Integer fib [ ; smalltalky ^ self < 2 ifTrue: [self] ifFalse: [(self - 1) fib + (self - 2) fib] ]




@the_zenspiderx

Time to Plunder!

51




@the_zenspiderx

Time to Plunder!

51

Yarrrrrr




@the_zenspiderx

Ideas from Smalltalk

52




@the_zenspiderx

Squeak Smalltalk generates and builds itself.

53

Smalltalk

New VM

Smalltalk Subsetto C translator

VM written inSmalltalk Subset




@the_zenspiderx

Extensive Hierarchy of Classes

54…lots more…




@the_zenspiderx

Developer Tools!55




@the_zenspiderx56




@the_zenspiderx57




@the_zenspiderx58

Integrated Debugger




@the_zenspiderx

Implementors & Senders Browser

59




@the_zenspiderx

(and a lot more)60




@the_zenspiderx

#inspect actually useful# smalltalk: >> Color lightRed darker => (Color r: 0.92 g: 0.736 b: 0.736) >> (Color r: 0.92 g: 0.736 b: 0.736) => (Color r: 0.92 g: 0.736 b: 0.736)

# versus ruby: >> Color.new(0.92, 0.736, 0.736) => #<Color:0x007fad5114c458 @r=0.92, @g=0.736, @b=0.736>

61




@the_zenspiderx

Ideas from Self

62




@the_zenspiderx

This was the birthplace of JIT.

63




@the_zenspiderx

Self is the reason why Java & Javascript

are fast64




@the_zenspiderx

Dynamic languages CAN be fast.

65




@the_zenspiderx

Prototyping66




@the_zenspiderx

Influenced Javascript & IO

67




@the_zenspiderx

Prototyping is Handy!class Object def define_method name, &b self.singleton_class.send :define_method, name, &b self end

def clone_method obj, name define_method name, &obj.method(name) end end

class X; def to_s; self.class.name; end; end class Y; def to_s; self.class.name; end; end

puts X.new # X puts Y.new # Y puts X.new.clone_method(Y.new, :to_s) # Y??

68




@the_zenspiderx

Developer Tools!69




@the_zenspiderx70




@the_zenspiderx71




@the_zenspiderx72




@the_zenspiderx73




@the_zenspiderx

Ideas from Scheme & Racket

74




@the_zenspiderx75




@the_zenspiderx76




@the_zenspiderx77




@the_zenspiderx78




@the_zenspiderx

Visual Stack Traces

79




@the_zenspiderx80

Structural Pattern Matching




@the_zenspiderx

Multiple Language Support

#lang scribble/manual @title{My Library} Welcome to my documentation: @racket[(list 'testing 1 2 3)].

81




@the_zenspiderx

OO is good for organization, scoping,

and data hiding82




@the_zenspiderx

But…83




@the_zenspiderx

lambda is king

84

𝞴




@the_zenspiderx

lambda is king

84

𝞴👑




@the_zenspiderx

Speed Comparison% racket fib.rkt '(0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13) cpu time: 13 real time: 13 gc time: 0 cpu time: 22 real time: 22 gc time: 0 cpu time: 35 real time: 35 gc time: 0 '(832040 1346269 2178309)

% ruby fib.rb [0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13] user system total real 30 0.230000 0.000000 0.230000 ( 0.237727) 31 0.390000 0.000000 0.390000 ( 0.389832) 32 0.600000 0.010000 0.610000 ( 0.602819)

85




@the_zenspiderx

17x faster86




@the_zenspiderx

Tail Call Optimization

87




@the_zenspiderx

Ideas from COLA

88




@the_zenspiderx

STEP’s vision of computing is massively

powerful89




@the_zenspiderx90




@the_zenspiderx

Debian Mac OS X

Windows Vista FreeBSD

Open Office GTK+ v2

Ruby electromagnetism

283 million lines of code 86 million lines of code 50 million lines of code 9 million lines of code 10 million lines of code 650 thousand lines of code 1.2 million lines of code 4 lines of code

91




@the_zenspiderx

Combined Object/Lambda Architecture

92




@the_zenspiderx

Objects for storage and organization

93




@the_zenspiderx

Lambdas for execution

94




@the_zenspiderx95

Objectsfor

Storage

Lambdasfor

Execution




@the_zenspiderx96

string "lookup"_vt

symbol

string "addMethod"_vt

symbolstring "allocate"_vt

symbol

string "delegated"_vt

symbol

string "intern"_vt

symbol

--datalookupmethod

_vtclosure

--dataaddMethodmethod

_vtclosure

--datadelegatedmethod

_vtclosure

--dataallocatemethod

_vtclosure

--datainternmethod

_vtclosure

parentvalueskeys

4size_vt

vtable_vt

--parentvalueskeys

5size--_vt

SymbolList

parent--values

keys --0size

_vtclosure_vt

parent--values

keys --0size

_vtobject_vt

parentvalueskeys

1size_vt

symbol_vt




@the_zenspiderx

Nile (graphics language) Source

Nile to Nile AST

Nile AST

Nile AST to Nothing

Nothing Code

Nothing to N-AST

N-AST code

Nothing to x86

CPU

OMeta: Translators all the way down

97




@the_zenspiderx

Define your system using basic axioms.

98




@the_zenspiderx

Teach the GUI Euclid’s geometry and give it a rule

engine99




@the_zenspiderx

650 kloc gtk GUI library <

Rules + Euclid in ~250 loc100




@the_zenspiderx

Runtime101




@the_zenspiderx

MUCH smaller102




@the_zenspiderx

Much more understandable

103




@the_zenspiderx

Much more maintainable.

104




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby’s 1.3 mloc <

STEPS’ 20 kloc105




@the_zenspiderx

👋Hand Wavey?106




@the_zenspiderx

TONS of Rich Info Here:

http://vpri.org/html/writings.php

107

http://vpri.org/html/writings.php




@the_zenspiderx108

Conclusion




@the_zenspiderx

Surveyed a minority of ideasself-bootstrapping implementations

extensive collection / magnitude hierarchies

instance-based inheritance

JIT compilation

Importance of lambdas & Tail Calls

object level pattern matching

the combined object/lambda architecture

109




@the_zenspiderx

Ruby is at its best

110




@the_zenspiderx

Borrowing great ideas

111




@the_zenspiderx

From other languages

112




@the_zenspiderx

It has fallen behind

113




@the_zenspiderx

Lost its way114




@the_zenspiderx

It's time for ruby to step up

115




@the_zenspiderx

do more with these ideas

116




@the_zenspiderx

keep pushing forward

117




@the_zenspiderx

to stand upon the shoulders of giants

118




@the_zenspiderx119

Thank You

standing on the shoulders of giants · standing on the shoulders of giants ruby on ales, bend, or...

Documents