Standards

-Know the lithosphere and the layers of the Earth

-Understand Plate Tectonics, continental drift, and boundary types.

-Know types of seismic waves, stresses, faults, volcanoes, hazards, and methods of Earthquake monitoring.

Interio

r Geo

log

yT

he study of the solid Earth, including the

structure and process of what is beneath the

rocky surface.

Welcome Back!

Please wait to be given your new seat.

… And don’t forget to grab your notebook!

Notebook Cleanout

-Should have about half the notebook left…

-If falling apart, FIX IT or GET A NEW ONE

-I will replace any notebook that is full of school work.

-Empty out everything in front (except for envelope and vocabulary progress chart)

Interior GeologyThe study of the solid Earth, including the structure and process of what is beneath the rocky surface.

Standards• Show how interactions among the

solid earth, oceans, atmosphere, and organisms have changed the earth system over time.

• Explain the internal and external energy sources of the earth.

• Construct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth's surface at varying time and spatial scales

Interio

r Geo

log

yT

he study of the solid Earth, including the

structure and process of what is beneath the

rocky surface.

What is Geology? Notes

Geology - the study of the lithosphere (or geosphere) meaning the “rocky” surface of Earth. (lithos = rocky)

Also includes the interior (inside) of the Earth.

Geologist- study the processes that create Earth’s features, physical and chemical properties of rock, and natural forces that build up and wear down the land.

Constructive forces – forces that build up material into mountains and landmasses.

Destructive forces – forces that slowly wear down mountains and all land features.

A landmass is a mass of land!

A great big landmass is called a continent!

What is inside the Earth?

Use a blank sheet of paper to draw what you think the inside of the Earth looks like. Include color and labels.

Labels may include: temperature, composition, size, shape, ext.

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What is inside the Earth?

Use a blank sheet of paper to draw what you think the inside of the Earth looks like. Include color and labels.

When you are done, flip to the back and write down at least 5 things you learned in science the last two quarters.

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Professions include:

Mining geologist

Mineralogist

Economic Geologist

Hydrogeologist

Environmental geologist

Paleontologist

Geo Engineer

Sedimentologist

Glacial Geologist

Marine Geologist

Seismologist

Volcanologist

Structural Geologist

Geomorphologist

Astrogeologist

Geophysicist

Stratigrapher

Geochemist

Geomagnetisist

Geochronologist

Warm-up

• Please take 2 minutes to share your answers on the “Professions of Geology” worksheet with a partner at your table.

• This worksheet will be collected after.

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Direct Evidence of Earth’s Interior

• What we can visibly see and collect on the surface of Earth.

Includes:

Kola Superdeep Borehole

40,000 ft (7.5mi)

Built on the Kola peninsula by the Soviet government to break world records.

(1970-2007)

Temperature and Pressure

The deeper you go, the __________ the temperature will be! (After about 20 meters)

The deeper you go, the __________ the pressure will be!

Temperature and Pressure

The deeper you go, the greater (higher) the temperature will be! (After about 20 meters)

The deeper you go, the greater (higher) the pressure will be!

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What we have discovered…

• The center of the Earth contains three distinct layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.

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The Crust: The First Layer of Earth

Is made of both the rocky material on continents and beneath the oceans.

Is about 40 km thick under continents and 5 km thick under oceans.

Two types of crustal rock:

Oceanic crust made of Basalt

Continental crust made of Granite

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The crust (5-40 km thick)

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Basalt: dark, dense rock with fine texture.

*Also found on the moon!

Granite: light, less dense, has large crystals

*Diorite is used more to make countertops instead of granite!

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The Mantle

• 3,000 km thick

• Area of molten rocks

• Divided into two parts: lithosphere and asthenosphere

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The crust (5-40 km thick)

The Mantle (3,000 km thick)

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• Lithosphere- about 100 km thick, includes the entire crust and uppermost part of mantle.

• Asthenosphere- about 3,000 km thick, soft, semi-liquid material that can bend like plastic. Lithosphere seems to “float” on top.

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Mantle Convection

The Core of the Earth is much hotter than the mantle.

Material in the mantle rises from the heat below, cools, then falls back down. This forms a convection current!

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The crust (5-40 km thick)

The Mantle (3,000 km thick)

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Conclusion Questions

1. Why does pressure increase as you dig deeper?

2. Explain why it is difficult to study the Earth’s interior.

3. Explain why is there convection in the mantle.

Copy down diagrams of Earth from page 22-23 into your notebook. Include depth numbers.

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Warm-Up

1/9/14: Describe what happens to both temperature and pressure as you dig deeper into the Earth.

As you dig deeper into the Earth, the…

The Core

• Divided into the Inner and Outer Core

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The Core

• Divided into the Inner and Outer Core

• Both made of dense iron and nickel. Outer core is liquid, inner core is solid.

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The Core

• Divided into the Inner and Outer Core

• Both made of dense iron and nickel. Outer core is liquid, inner core is solid.

• Spinning liquid outer core around iron inner core is responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field

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Size of the Core

• Inner core is slightly smaller than the moon!

The crust (5-40 km thick)

The Mantle (3,000 km thick)

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The crust (5-40 km thick)

The Mantle (3,000 km thick)

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The Inner Core (1,200 km thick)

The Outer Core (1,800 km thick)

• Copy down the diagrams of Earth from page 22-23 into your notebook. Include depth numbers.

• For the descriptions of each layer, you may choose to write your own description based off your notes.

A to scale model…

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With a partner at your table, write a 3 paragraph summary in your notes that answers the following questions.

1. What are the layers that make up the Earth? Write a sentence about each one.

2. What happens inside the Earth to create the magnetic field?

3. Compare and contrast the core and the Mantle of the Earth. (3)

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Warm-Up

1/10/14: Explain why the Earth has a magnetic field around it. (Use the textbook if you need help!)

When you have finished the warm-up, make sure your summary and pictures from yesterday are complete! (See sheet at your table)

Exploring Inside the Earth Lab

How do we know what is inside the Earth?

Direct Evidence: Data we can physically collect here at the surface.

Indirect Evidence: Data we collect through observation, scientific understanding, and inference.

Warm-Up

1/13/14: Which layer of the Earth’s interior is the smallest? Which is the largest?

The smallest layer of the Earth is the…

The largest layer of the Earth is the…

What is the Mantle Like? -Lab

Lab Safety / Expectations• Follow ALL directions • Clean up any mess you make. Notify

teacher of any spills. • Do not remove ANY materials from this

classroom. • Zero tolerance for off behavior. You will

be sent out, and given a zero for the day.

CLEAN UP

Warm-Up

1/14/14: Describe the difference between the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere.

If you did not finish your lab from yesterday (“What is the Mantle Like?”), use this time to finish it right now.

Collect Warm-Ups

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ug9DECiWLmw

13 minutes

Word

• Seismic waves• Crust• Basalt• Granite• Asthenosphere• Mantle• Core (I & O)• Mantle-

convection

Definition Picture In Your Own Words

NAME: ______________

Warm-Up

Review your vocab sheet that you made yesterday (and make sure it is complete!)

Option A: EarthShip Design As an Earth Scientist you have been hired to help design a

ship that can travel to the center of the Earth, carrying with it some scientific equipment and a team of scientists.

On a piece of graph paper, draw a ship designed for Earth travel. Be sure to label important features that allow the ship to function (for example: large “shovel” on front of ship to help it dig through the Earth!). Write the name of your ship design on the top of the paper (along with your name!).

On the back, answer the following questions:1. How will your ship survive the conditions of Earth’s

interior? (Temperature and Pressure).2. What equipment will your ship bring and why? (What is

the purpose of your ship?)3. How is your ship prepared for each individual layer of

the Earth? What do you expect to encounter in each layer? (Include Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core)

Option B: Whine or BragTake on the voice of one layer of the Earth,

and write a creative paper either “whining” or “bragging” on its behalf. Explain why your layer is the best (brag) or why you wish you were as good as other layers (whine). Include information about size, composition, temperature, and physical properties for each layer of the Earth (including the layer you choose!). Paper should be about one page in length and provide accurate information about each layer.

Which of these counts as a fact about the layers?

I (the asthenosphere) am better than the lithosphere because I am more flexible! I can bend and move, while he is solid and rigid!

I (the asthenosphere) am better than the lithosphere because I can play basketball and the lithosphere can’t!