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STANDARDS BUBBLE MAP. USE THE FOLLOWING SLIDES TO COMPLETE YOUR BUBBLE MA. The Union Blockade. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
STANDARDS BUBBLE MAP
USE THE FOLLOWING SLIDES TO COMPLETE YOUR BUBBLE MA
The Union Blockade• The Union Blockade - a massive
effort by the Union Navy to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the Confederacy on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the Confederate States of America.
• President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the blockade on April 19, 1861.
• His strategy, part of the Anaconda Plan of General Winfield Scott, required the closure of 3,500 miles of Confederate coastline and twelve major ports–Port of Savannah – closed off after
the surrender of Fort Pulaski in April 1862.
The Union Blockade• Early in war, not enough Union ships Union pours
millions into building new ships for blockade.• Ships that tried to evade the blockade, known as
blockade runners, were mostly newly built, high-speed ships with small cargo capacity. – They were operated by the British (using Royal Navy
officer on leave) and ran between Confederate-controlled ports and the neutral ports of Havana, Cuba; Nassau, Bahamas, and Bermuda, where British suppliers had set up supply bases.
• Those ship owners that were able to break the blockade line made a FORTUNE!– Est. $200 mil. worth of merchandise and supplies
made it through the blockade by end of war
The Union Blockade• At first 5/6 attempts to slip through the
blockade were successful; by 1864, only half were successful (which means the life expectancy of a blockade runner was one round trip).
• Confederate cotton exports were reduced 95% from 10 million bales in the three years prior to the war to just 500,000 bales during the blockade period.
OUCH! THAT HURTS, YO!
The Union Blockade• Blockade causes prices of goods to
dramatically increase in the South and makes certain items impossible to get. • Bacon = $6.60 (2010= $116)• butter = $2.00 a pound (2010 = $35)• tea = $7.00 a pound (2010 = $123)
• Hit the hardest? • Food, medicine, and weapons.
King Cotton Diplomacy• The political strategy for winning
the war in the South was known as King Cotton Diplomacy.
Factories in France and England
Cotton Supplyp. 263
King Cotton Diplomacy• Instead of England and France
supporting the South in the war, they turn to cotton markets in India and Egypt.
HA! HA!
Where: Sharpsburg, Maryland near a stream called Antietam CreekWhen: September 17, 1862Who: Commander of CSA = Robert E. Lee Commander of USA = George McClellanWhat happened: • Single bloodiest day of battle in the Civil War (and in US History). • 12 hour battle• 23,000 casualties (killed, wounded, missing)• Union victory• After long list of Confederate victories, the Union win at Antietam gives President Lincoln the confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Emancipation ProclamationCHANGES THE PURPOSE OF THE WAR!• From keeping the Union together to keeping the
Union together AND freeing slaves in rebel states• Declares that all slaves “living in states in rebellion” will
get their freedom on Jan 1, 1863• A 100 day “grace period” will be given to “states in
rebellion” so that they can make up their mind if they want to come back into the Union of not.
• If a “state in rebellion” comes back to the Union within 100 days, it does not have to free its’ slaves!
• After the President Lincoln issues this proclamation on Jan. 1, 1863, France and England (2 anti-slavery countries) had no choice but to “back” the North not the South.
Where: Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaWhen: July 1-3, 1863Who: Commander of CSA = Robert E. Lee Commander of USA = George MeadeWhat happened: • Bloodiest battle of the Civil War• 3 day battle• 51,000 casualties• Union victory• Ended Lee’s 2nd attempt to invade the North. He will never press that far north again.
Where: near Chattanooga, TN near Chickamauga Creek IN GEORGIAWhen: September 19-20, 1863Who: Commander of CSA = Braxton Bragg Commander of USA = William RosecransWhat happened: • Bloodiest 2-day battle of the Civil War• 34,624 casualties• Confederate victory• Kept Union army from invading GA and heading towards Atlanta for a few months.
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign• The "Atlanta campaign" is the name given to
more than 60 military operations that took place in north Georgia during the Civil War in the spring and summer of 1864.– Kennesaw Mountain, New Hope Church,
Allatoona • Union General William T. Sherman's goal
would be Atlanta. As a pivotal industrial and railroad center, it was key to the war's outcome.
• Sherman = 112,000 troops AGAINST Conf. General Joseph E. Johnston = 60,000 and not enough ammunition
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign• Johnston (CSA) kept retreating and was
replaced with John Bell Hood who was told to attack Sherman (USA) head on.
• In July, 1864, Hood attacked and lost 11,000 men in 2 days of fighting. Had to retreat into Atlanta where the Battle of Atlanta happened on July 22.
• Fighting in the city continues for 2 months and Hood retreats. The Union takes control of Atlanta (its railroads and factories), and much of the city is burned to the ground by soldiers.
• Lincoln is sure to get re-elected with capture of Atlanta!
The Battle of Atlanta
Sherman’s March to the Sea• “War is hell and not popularity
seeking” ~ Sherman on war in GA• Sherman and his men leave Atlanta Nov.
16, 1864 for Savannah, GA.• March takes about 2 months• Marched a path of men 60 miles wide and
destroyed anything of war-making potential – military or personal. – Farms, homes, bridges, railroads, factories,
mills, and cotton storehouses
Sherman’s March to the Sea• Damages = $100 million dollars. • Dec. 22, 1864 – Sav. given as X-mas gift
to Lincoln w/ guns ,ammo., and cotton– Sherman did not burn Savannah
• When Sherman takes over Savannah he cuts off Robert E. Lee from supplies, and this ends the war in GA. Only 4 months more until Confederacy surrenders.
Andersonville• A Confederate prison for captured Union
soldiers• Located on purpose in a remote, isolated
area in SW Georgia• Built by black slaves, it opens in Feb.
1864 (little more than a year before war ends)
• The camp held the largest prison population of its time, with numbers that would have made it the fifth-largest city in the Confederacy.
Andersonville• Approximately 45,000 prisoners would enter
Andersonville's gates during its 14-month existence.
• Nearly 13,000 died due to a lack of sanitation, overcrowding, starvation/malnutrition, and disease.
• Confederate Captain Henry Wirz, who was in charge of the camp, is tried for war crimes after the war and is executed. Wirz tried relentlessly to get additional food, medicine, supplies, and help to improve conditions at the camp, but Confederate govt. didn’t have supplies to send.
Union “Survivors”