standards-based applications for global location-based services: the openls initiative louis hecht...

Standards-based Applications for Global Standards-based Applications for Global Location-based Services:Location-based Services:

THE OpenLS InitiativeTHE OpenLS Initiative

Louis HechtLouis Hecht

Open GIS Consortium, Inc.Open GIS Consortium, Inc.

[email protected]@opengis.org

http://www.openls.orghttp://www.openls.org

© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved 22

What is the Open GIS Consortium?What is the Open GIS Consortium?

• The Open GIS Consortium (OGC) is a not-for-profit, international The Open GIS Consortium (OGC) is a not-for-profit, international consortium whose 200+ industry, government, and university members consortium whose 200+ industry, government, and university members work to make geographic information an integral part of information work to make geographic information an integral part of information systems of all kindssystems of all kinds

• Members build interface specifications to facilitate use of “spatial” or Members build interface specifications to facilitate use of “spatial” or “location” information in mainstream IT“location” information in mainstream IT– Operate Operate a Specification Development Programa Specification Development Program similar to other Industry similar to other Industry

consortia (W3C, OMG, etc.)consortia (W3C, OMG, etc.)

– Operate a companion Operate a companion Interoperability ProgramInteroperability Program• hands-on engineering and testing program to deliver proven network service and hands-on engineering and testing program to deliver proven network service and

content specifications in rapid time.content specifications in rapid time.– Testbeds are where interface specifications are bornTestbeds are where interface specifications are born– Pilots test specification capability in operational settingsPilots test specification capability in operational settings


OGC’s Recent AccomplishmentsOGC’s Recent Accomplishments

• Perfected rapid specification process with 3 testbeds and 3 pilots Perfected rapid specification process with 3 testbeds and 3 pilots

• 18+ OpenGIS18+ OpenGIS™™ interfaces now approved or in candidate status interfaces now approved or in candidate status– Map, feature and imagery serversMap, feature and imagery servers

– Basic Services - catalog search and access, transformationsBasic Services - catalog search and access, transformations

– Location Organizer - Location Organizer - spatially enabled XML based capability for managing disparate types of information and structuring that information related to a particular event or point of interest

– GML - internet based spatial exchange format - recognized as de facto industry GML - internet based spatial exchange format - recognized as de facto industry standardstandard

• Approved specifications go to ISO where they become global standardsApproved specifications go to ISO where they become global standards

• 25 companies have registered their use of OpenGIS specifications in both 25 companies have registered their use of OpenGIS specifications in both client-based and server offeringsclient-based and server offerings


Wireless Market ConditionsWireless Market Conditions

• Right now it is too tough for consumers to figure “it” out - which device do I buyRight now it is too tough for consumers to figure “it” out - which device do I buy– Do I really need to know the difference between WEB and WAPDo I really need to know the difference between WEB and WAP

• What is the Killer App? - it’s a scavenger hunt - looking for the proverbial What is the Killer App? - it’s a scavenger hunt - looking for the proverbial SnipeSnipe– Essential objective is focus on work-place apps for an untethered worldEssential objective is focus on work-place apps for an untethered world– Person to person, machine to machine and device to devicePerson to person, machine to machine and device to device

• ROI - certainly a requirement for defining priorities among classes of servicesROI - certainly a requirement for defining priorities among classes of services– Priority setting is fundamentally a customer-based decisionPriority setting is fundamentally a customer-based decision– LBS is a cost of doing business - not unlike 800 is todayLBS is a cost of doing business - not unlike 800 is today– BBWN capacity several magnitudes higher with concomitant efficiencyBBWN capacity several magnitudes higher with concomitant efficiency– ““useful economic life” of the billions spent and the billions more to be spent - 10-50 yearsuseful economic life” of the billions spent and the billions more to be spent - 10-50 years

• Key Challenges - Natural Selection and Cost JustificationKey Challenges - Natural Selection and Cost Justification– Follower, Leader, Bleeder and migration along the TAC or movement to a new curve pointFollower, Leader, Bleeder and migration along the TAC or movement to a new curve point– Converging technologies create - either an integration “septic pool” or “gold mine”Converging technologies create - either an integration “septic pool” or “gold mine”

• How to support, manage, distribute enterprise information to multiple devices - Stack building, Service chaining, How to support, manage, distribute enterprise information to multiple devices - Stack building, Service chaining, operational connectivity, refresh paths for componentsoperational connectivity, refresh paths for components

– Life cycle of technology > Life-cycle of content deliveryLife cycle of technology > Life-cycle of content delivery• Pick your technology and pick your infrastructure very carefullyPick your technology and pick your infrastructure very carefully


High Interest in Location ServicesHigh Interest in Location Services(US Survey of 1000 Cell Phone Users)(US Survey of 1000 Cell Phone Users)

10%

29%

31%

9%

25%

29%

7%

17%

35%

5%

13%

34%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

EmergencyRoadside

Assistance

Car/PhoneFinder

E-411 &Directions

CustomTraffic Info

Extremely Interested Very InterestedSomewhat Interested

Per

cen

t of

R

esp

ond

ents

71%63% 59%

52%

Source: Strategis Group


Interest in Wireless Location Services Interest in Wireless Location Services by Monthly Wireless Billby Monthly Wireless Bill

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

< $50 $50 - 100 > $100

Monthly Bill Source: Strategis Group


Willingness to Pay for Bundle of Location Willingness to Pay for Bundle of Location Services - Those with InterestServices - Those with Interest

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

$0 $1 - $10 $10 - $20 $20 - $30 > $30

Average = $27/Month



Willingness to Pay for Real-Time Navigation Willingness to Pay for Real-Time Navigation on Usage Basison Usage Basis

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

$0 $0.25 $0.75 $1.25 > $2.00

Average = $2.17



OpenLSOpenLS™™ Initiative Initiative

• WhyWhy– ~300 companies comprise the LBS business space~300 companies comprise the LBS business space– No definition of fundamental service architectureNo definition of fundamental service architecture– No agreement on best of breedNo agreement on best of breed– No assurance offerings work together to form end to end solutionsNo assurance offerings work together to form end to end solutions

• General recognition on the part of many in the value chain that General recognition on the part of many in the value chain that standards are essentialstandards are essential

• OpenLS is an industry accepted adaptation of OGC’s rapid, market OpenLS is an industry accepted adaptation of OGC’s rapid, market driven specification approach to address broad challenges and features driven specification approach to address broad challenges and features – Multi-year phased effort - beginning with a single testbed focused on Multi-year phased effort - beginning with a single testbed focused on

fundamental location services fundamental location services – Companion market awareness programCompanion market awareness program– Close coordination with and mutual support of other related industry Close coordination with and mutual support of other related industry

standard forastandard fora


The Vision for Open Location ServicesThe Vision for Open Location Services

To deliver open interfaces that enable interoperability and

further enable actionable, multi-purpose, distributed,

value-added location application services and content to a

wide variety of service points, wherever they might be, on

any device (even if the service points are buried in

applications or embedded devices).


Supplier push is expected both in the US and in Europe

Earlier deployment of 2.5G networks Operators burdened with $120B in

license costs No centrally mandated “E911

equivalent”

Reluctance to invest in expensive location determination technologies

Strong interest in revenue generation opportunities to recover license and network build-out costs

EuropeUS

FCC – E- 911 mandate

Need for cost recovery through location based services

Major capital Expansion $$$$$$$$$$

Why carriers are interested in LBS Why carriers are interested in LBS platformsplatforms

Mandate - ??Large Installed Base


Accuracy of location determination Europe – cell ID, then A-GPS US – A-GPS,; Network based

solutions; hybrid solutions

Availability of bandwidth Europe 2001-2002 US – 2002?

Cost of bandwidth

Technology Enablers

Accuracy of location determination Europe – cell ID, then A-GPS US – A-GPS,; Network based

solutions; hybrid solutions

Availability of bandwidth Europe 2001-2002 US – 2002?

Cost of bandwidth

Winning applications

Co

nsu

mer

En

terp

rise

Early days Later stage

Information services Where am I? Where is the

nearest? Navigation Emergency services Coupons and

location sensitive ads

AVL Mobile workforce

tracking

Technology Enablers Will Impact the Timing Technology Enablers Will Impact the Timing of LBS Availabilityof LBS Availability


Content Providers

Application Developers

Spatial Data Providers

End User Cellular Carrier

Why service platforms with Standard Why service platforms with Standard Interfaces are neededInterfaces are needed


A given package of location-based services

Tailor-made integration with limited partners

Difficult to adopt new applications Weak support of new technologies Shortsightedness of market

development

The ‘Walled Garden’ approachThe ‘Walled Garden’ approach


Unlimited number of location-based services

Open API tools for easy integration with any partner

Enables easy adoption of any application

Flexible architecture to support new technologies

3G & 4G readiness

The ‘Open Platform’ approachThe ‘Open Platform’ approach


€€/$/$LBS

Revenue

Growing Over Time

Attractive ApplicationsAttractive Applications Start Simple over wide geographies Expand easily Keep introducing new, exciting applications

ARPU , New Customers with Minimal ChurnARPU , New Customers with Minimal Churn

What Carriers WantWhat Carriers Want


EasyAccess

To

User Location

User Access Specifications

Spatial Data (Independent of device)

Point of interest information

Routing/navigation information

Real-time traffic reports

Real-time weather information

Yellow pages information

ContentContent

ContentContent

ContentContent

ContentContent

ContentContent

ContentContent

Always Most Updated Always Most Updated •• Always Fresh Always Fresh

What Application Developers WantWhat Application Developers Want


Business Requirements for Location Business Requirements for Location Services Markets and ChannelsServices Markets and Channels

• Speed Time to Market and Mitigate RiskSpeed Time to Market and Mitigate Risk– Universal Access: Any device type (browser, phone, PDA)Universal Access: Any device type (browser, phone, PDA)– Uniform Access to Content Infrastructure Uniform Access to Content Infrastructure – Lessen the “bumps of transition” - Advance internet-based location information Lessen the “bumps of transition” - Advance internet-based location information

service in an orderly wayservice in an orderly way

• Maintain application freshness, utility, variety of services and personal choiceMaintain application freshness, utility, variety of services and personal choice– best of breed, easy to add new components or integrate for end to end service best of breed, easy to add new components or integrate for end to end service

deployment within customer friendly interfacedeployment within customer friendly interface

• Enable Reliable 24x7x365 service, everywhere Enable Reliable 24x7x365 service, everywhere

• Provide Market Extensibility - support multiple service growth paths with the Provide Market Extensibility - support multiple service growth paths with the same interfacesame interface– Public Safety, B2B, Telematics, Consumer,...Public Safety, B2B, Telematics, Consumer,...


Business Requirements (continued)Business Requirements (continued)

• Build in performance measures while Build in performance measures while enabling acceptable costs and enabling acceptable costs and competitive prices with COTS and internet servicescompetitive prices with COTS and internet services

– High performance: Server-based processing & client requirements High performance: Server-based processing & client requirements

– Flexibility: Chaining loosely coupled applications to form end-to-end Flexibility: Chaining loosely coupled applications to form end-to-end solutionssolutions

– Extensibility: Rapid deployment, global reach, comprehensive richness Extensibility: Rapid deployment, global reach, comprehensive richness

– Scalable: wireless portals, exchanges, ASPsScalable: wireless portals, exchanges, ASPs

– Secure and Privacy: Public Key Encryption, User Profiles testingSecure and Privacy: Public Key Encryption, User Profiles testing


• Access to many diverse resources

• Simple, XML based API • Plug and Play

• Any format• Independent of device

• Points of interest• Business Directory• Corporate information (for enterprise applications)• Branded content• Hundreds of independent content/information providers

• User’s privacy specifications •User’s preferences

•Presence

User’s LocationUser’s Location Spatial DataSpatial DataUnlimited Location Unlimited Location

Content and Content and InformationInformation

Personalization Personalization DatabaseDatabase

What location-application developers What location-application developers requirerequire


Industry-Wide Challenges - Application and Industry-Wide Challenges - Application and Content SpaceContent Space

• Ensure a smooth flow of information between content repositories, the Ensure a smooth flow of information between content repositories, the internet and end-user devices through open protocols internet and end-user devices through open protocols

• Develop a common industry-wide communications mechanism to Develop a common industry-wide communications mechanism to access repositories, or any other distributed local content repository, access repositories, or any other distributed local content repository, none exist todaynone exist today– Accessing content with “currency” and local “accountability”Accessing content with “currency” and local “accountability”

– Provide Wireless Communication Value Chain With Location Application Provide Wireless Communication Value Chain With Location Application InteroperabilityInteroperability

• Wireless OperatorsWireless Operators

• Wireless Infrastructure - Network and Internet Wireless Infrastructure - Network and Internet Infrastructure Providers Infrastructure Providers

• Internet Protocol Platform ProvidersInternet Protocol Platform Providers

• Component and Content ProvidersComponent and Content Providers

• 1st Tier Service Providers1st Tier Service Providers

• 2nd Tier Service Providers2nd Tier Service Providers

• UsersUsers•GovernmentsGovernments•EmployeesEmployees•ConsumersConsumers


The OpenLS Initiative: Testbed 1The OpenLS Initiative: Testbed 1

• Brings together several Brings together several sponsorssponsors with financial plus other resources with financial plus other resources who have identified requirements for robust, quality location who have identified requirements for robust, quality location information-based services with information-based services with participantsparticipants that have offerings that that have offerings that meet defined requirementsmeet defined requirements– Collaborative, multi-vendor, rapid-paced, engineering testbed Collaborative, multi-vendor, rapid-paced, engineering testbed

– Industry and De jure Standards Coordination Industry and De jure Standards Coordination

• Produce Fundamental Interface ServicesProduce Fundamental Interface Services– Business Case & Service Architecture Based - repositories, applications, Business Case & Service Architecture Based - repositories, applications,

gateways, and general servicesgateways, and general services• Low level, loosely coupled interfacesLow level, loosely coupled interfaces• Infrastructure to Internet Service to device Infrastructure to Internet Service to device • Provide end user experience consistent with value chain and internet business Provide end user experience consistent with value chain and internet business

models models • Yield open specifications, services and end-to-end solutionsYield open specifications, services and end-to-end solutions

2323© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved

Technical Architecture ComponentsTechnical Architecture Components

• √ √ Positioning TechnologiesPositioning Technologies

• √ √ Wireless Carrier NetworkWireless Carrier Network

• √ √ Wireless Infrastructure Wireless Infrastructure

• √ √ Hardware PlatformHardware Platform– Database ServersDatabase Servers– Application ServersApplication Servers– PDAs/Java/PhonesPDAs/Java/Phones

• √ √ Software PlatformSoftware Platform– Spatial DatabaseSpatial Database– Application ServersApplication Servers– Wireless Middleware Wireless Middleware

• √ √ Software ToolsSoftware Tools– Map ServerMap Server– GeocoderGeocoder– Routing EngineRouting Engine– Client Map Components Client Map Components

• √ √ Online ServicesOnline Services– MappingMapping– Routing/NavigationRouting/Navigation– Geocoding/Reverse GeocodingGeocoding/Reverse Geocoding– ProximityProximity– Real-time TrafficReal-time Traffic

• √ √ ContentContent– Navigation DatasetsNavigation Datasets– Content Directories Content Directories

• √ √ PresentationPresentation– Image, Map, Feature, Feature Image, Map, Feature, Feature

interactioninteraction– VoiceVoice– TextText


Portal Services

Location Service Clients (Mobile & Desktop)WAP Client

…J2ME Client Gateway Services

Location Application Services

…RoutingMap

DisplayPinpoint

Map Interaction

Proximity Itinerary

Geoparser GeocoderSLD/

Legend …Location Application Support Services

Map Server

Feature Server

Coverage Server

Directory Server

Gazetteer Server …

Data Services

Content Transcoder

Registry

Portal SupportServices

ConciergePersonal

Navigator …1st Tier Applications

Wireless Platforms & Positioning Servers

Existing OGC

1st Priority

2nd Priority

ReverseGeocoder

Traffic Server

Route Server


Operational Architecture RequirementsOperational Architecture Requirements

• Key Objectives:Key Objectives:– Demonstrate Interoperability with Heterogeneous Tools and Demonstrate Interoperability with Heterogeneous Tools and

Services Services – Showcase Sponsor Technologies/ServicesShowcase Sponsor Technologies/Services

• Secondary ObjectivesSecondary Objectives– Demonstrate ScalabilityDemonstrate Scalability– Demonstrate PerformanceDemonstrate Performance– Demonstrate Services with alternative combinations of productsDemonstrate Services with alternative combinations of products– Demonstrate Services on Multiple Network protocolsDemonstrate Services on Multiple Network protocols

© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved© 2001, OGC Inc.. All Rights Reserved


Gateway

MobilePositioning Server

External Location App Service & Data Providers

PDA

LocationService Clients (WAP/JAVA/…)

Billing

Auth

Portal Platform

OpenLS API

SERVLETS

External data sources(e.g. Stock, news, etc.)

Gateway Services

Location App Servers•Routing (Vectors & Directions)•Directory (Pinpoint & Proximity)•Geocoding (& Reverse Geo)•Map Display•Map Interaction•Itinerary

OpenLSResponses

(XML based)

OpenLS API

OpenLSRequests

1st Tier Applications•Concierge•Personal Navigator•etc

OpenLS API

Location Data Servers•WFS, WMS, WCS•Directory•Traffic•Gazetteer

* Derived from chart courtesy of Webraska

OpenLS API

LocationServicesPlatform

Security

Testbed ArchitectureTestbed Architecture


Where Does OGC Work in the Stack? Where Does OGC Work in the Stack?

E-MailSMS

WWW FTP RTP

TCP (V4 --->V6)Packet Ordering

Error Flow and Congestion ControlApplication Multiplexing

UDPRaw IP Packets

Ethernet, Frame Relay, ATM, IP OfferingsAddressing Scheme

Routes between hosts

Fiber, Coax, Copper, WirelessT1 ---> Frame Relay

PPPWire Pairs/Ethernet

Wireless/CDPD/Spectrum

Ap

plicati

on

s L

ayer

(Ap

plicati

on

, P

resen

tati

on

Sessio

n)

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link/Physical Layer

Mobile LocationProtocol

Web Map, Feature,Coverage

Coordinate Trans.

GML

Gazetteer, Routing, Geocoding, Tracking, LOF

Catalog and Directory Services


Testbed 1 SponsorsTestbed 1 Sponsors

• Hutchison 3G UKHutchison 3G UK

• Sun MicrosystemsSun Microsystems

• Oracle Corporation with Webraska Oracle Corporation with Webraska

• In-Q-TelIn-Q-Tel

• ESRI with Signal SoftESRI with Signal Soft


ScheduleSchedule

• OpenLS Staff and Sponsors Prepare RFQ/CFPOpenLS Staff and Sponsors Prepare RFQ/CFP– Now — Jun 18, 2001Now — Jun 18, 2001

• Issue RFQ/CFPIssue RFQ/CFP– Jun 18, 2001Jun 18, 2001

• RFQ/CFP responders prepare proposalsRFQ/CFP responders prepare proposals– Jun 18, 2001 — Jul 23, 2001Jun 18, 2001 — Jul 23, 2001

• RFQ/CFP Responses DueRFQ/CFP Responses Due– Jul 23, 2001Jul 23, 2001

• Task C: Evaluation and Preparation for Testbed ExecutionTask C: Evaluation and Preparation for Testbed Execution– Jul 23, 2001 — Aug 20, 2001 (August 2, 2001 – 3Jul 23, 2001 — Aug 20, 2001 (August 2, 2001 – 3rdrd Sponsors Meeting) Sponsors Meeting)

• Testbed Kick-offTestbed Kick-off– Aug 20, 2001Aug 20, 2001

• Task D: ExecutionTask D: Execution– Aug 20, 2001 — ~December, 2001Aug 20, 2001 — ~December, 2001

• Testbed EndTestbed End


3GPP/3GPP2

Parlay

LIF

Defines communication protocols (UMTS, CDMA2000, GPRS…)

Defines Interfaces to bridge between third party apps and capabilities

Essentially the Parlay APIs for location services, with XML

OpenLS

Defines specific location application service interfaces.

W3C

JAIN (Java APIs Integrated Networks) for third party value-added services

---------------

BREW??

XML

OpenGISDefines foundation geospatial application service interfaces.

Location Service Standards FrameworkLocation Service Standards Framework

Other End to End Requirements

Magic?UDDI?

Other Infrastructure ForaMWIF, IPv6 Forum,TIA

ETSI

ISO

standards-based applications for global location-based services: the openls initiative louis hecht...

Documents

location information

global locationbased

open gis consortium

interface specifications

information systems

geographic information

content specifications

enterprise information