STANDARD 4HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=4ERLY0LHJCM

THE STUDENT WILL IDENTIFY THE IDEOLOGICAL, MILITARY, AND DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=MPHUZDDMPZA

AMERICAN REVOLUTION TIMELINE

HTTP://WWW.USATESTPREP.COM/MOVIES/69/318/556

A. EXPLAIN THE LANGUAGE, ORGANIZATION, AND

INTELLECTUAL SOURCES OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE;

INCLUDE THE WRITING OF JOHN LOCKE AND THE ROLE OF THOMAS

JEFFERSON.

4 PARTS OF THE DECLARATION

• PREAMBLE- REASON FOR THE DOCUMENT

• POLITICAL PRINCIPLES- (RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE)

• UNFAIR ACT OF THE KING KING GEOGE III

• ACTUAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS IN AMERICAN HISTORY

• THOMAS JEFFERSON WROTE THE FIRST DRAFT

• THEN MADE REVISIONS SUGGESTED BY JOHN ADAMS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, AND OTHERS (DELETE THE CONDEMNATION OF SLAVERY) SOUTH WOULDN’T LIKE IT AND THEREFORE NOT FAVOR INDEPENDENCE

• IT ADDRESSED A WORLDWIDE AUDIENCE

• ITS LANGUAGE WAS MADE SIMPLE AND DIRECT SO PEOPLE EVERYWHERE WOULD UNDERSTAND AND SYMPATHIZE WITH THE COLONISTS’ CAUSE

• BORROWED PHRASES FROM THE WRITINGS OF JOHN LOCKE

• REPEATED LEGAL ARGUMENTS MADE BY CHARLES DE MONTESQUIEU

• HELPED CONVINCE READERS THAT AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE WAS SUPPORTED BY THE IDEAS OF IMPORTANT PHILOSOPHERS AND LEGAL THINKERS

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• IT EXPLAINS THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL REASONS FOR SEEKING INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN

• ALSO GIVES EXAMPLES OF HOW KING GEORGE III HAD VIOLATED THE RIGHTS OF THE COLONISTS

• OFFERS A DISCUSSION OF THE AMERICANS’ MANY UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS TO GET RELIEF FROM BRITAIN

• ENDS WITH THE CONCLUSION THAT THE ONLY WAY FOR AMERICANS TO HAVE THEIR RIGHTS RESTORED IS TO RESTORE THEM THEMSELVES BY DECLARING INDEPENDENCE

• AND CONTROLLING THEIR OWN GOVERNMENT

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

HISTORICAL CONTEXT ABOUT THE AUTHOR

• BORN ON APRIL 13, 1743 IN VIRGINIA TO A WEALTHY FAMILY.

• HE WAS VERY WELL EDUCATED. ATTENDED THE COLLEGE OF WILLIAM & MARY.

• SERVED IN THE VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES.

• ELOQUENT CORRESPONDENT, BUT NOT GOOD PUBLIC SPEAKER

• KNOWN AS THE "SILENT MEMBER" OF THE CONGRESS

• WAS UNANIMOUSLY CHOSEN BY THE COMMITTEE OF FIVE TO PREPARE A DRAFT OF THE DECLARATION ALONE.

Thomas Jefferson

MAJOR EVENTS OF THE TIME

• COMMON SENSE IS PUBLISHED

• NORTH CAROLINA PRODUCES THE HALIFAX RESOLVES MAKING IT THE FIRST BRITISH COLONY TO OFFICIALLY AUTHORIZE ITS DELEGATES TO VOTE FOR INDEPENDENCE.

• RICHARD HENRY LEE OF VIRGINIA PROPOSES A RESOLUTION CALLING FOR A DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

• VIRGINIA DECLARATION OF RIGHTS BY GEORGE MASON IS ADOPTED BY THE VIRGINIA CONVENTION OF DELEGATES.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

• THE AUDIENCE WERE THOSE WANTING INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLAND.

• INTERNATIONAL AUDIENCE

JEFFERSON’S VIEWPOINT ON THE MAJOR ISSUES OF HIS TIME

• He believed in the separation of church and state.

• He believed that the colonies had the right to overthrow a tyrannical government.

MAIN POINTS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

• ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL.

“WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF-EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL.

• MEN ARE GIVEN BY GOD CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS.

“THEY ARE ENDOWED, BY THEIR CREATOR, WITH CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS, THAT AMONG THESE ARE LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.”

• WE HAVE THE NATURAL RIGHT BY GOD TO DECLARE OUR INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLAND.

“WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER, AND TO ASSUME AMONG THE POWERS OF THE EARTH, THE SEPARATE AND EQUAL STATION TO WHICH THE LAWS OF NATURE AND OF NATURE’S GOD ENTITLE THEM…

• Governments derive their authority from the consent of the people.

“Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

• When a government abuses it’s power, the people have the right to overthrow it.

“That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it…

• The colonies tried repeatedly to compromise with King George, but has been a tyrant.

“Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.

Main Points of the Declaration of Independence

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

• THE AMERICAN COLONIES FINALLY DECLARED THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLAND

• IT WAS THE FIRST STEP IN THE CREATION OF A NEW NATION.

Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence

 

The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence

• Written by Thomas Jefferson

• It is the “Birth Certificate of the United States”

• Document listed rights and grievances against King George III

• 4 parts1. Preamble

2. Declaration of rights

3. List of Grievances

4. Resolution

Key Quotes in the DeclarationKey Quotes in the Declaration

• “We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal”

• “That they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights”

• “That among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

Locke

Natural Rights or Inalienable Rights

Freedom: of religion, speech, press to assemble•to complain to the Government•to keep and bear Arms•to a speedy and public trial and bail•to an impartial jury, to be informed of what crime you are accused of•to be confronted with the witnesses against him•to be able to call witnesses in your favor to have a lawyer. Protection from: being forced to have soldiers live in your home“unreasonable searches and seizures”being tried twice for the same crime .being a witness against yourselfhaving your life, liberty, or property taken “without due process of law”having your private property taken “without just compensation”excessive fines cruel and unusual punishments”

Choosing SidesChoosing Sides

• Patriots – Supported the Revolution

• Loyalists – Americans who supported the King

• Red Coats/ Lobsterbacks – British Army

• B. EXPLAIN THE REASON FOR AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FRENCH

ALLIANCE AND FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AND THE ROLES OF

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN AND THE MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE.

BEN FRANKLINHTTP://WWW.USATESTPREP.COM/MOVIES/69/318/413

• IN 1776, HE WAS PART OF THE FIVE-MEMBER COMMITTEE THAT HELPED DRAFT THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, IN WHICH THE 13 AMERICAN COLONIES DECLARED THEIR FREEDOM FROM BRITISH RULE. THAT SAME YEAR, CONGRESS SENT FRANKLIN TO FRANCE TO ENLIST THAT NATION'S HELP WITH THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.

• HE ALSO NEGOTIATED THE 1783 TREATY OF PARIS THAT ENDED THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775-83). IN 1787, IN HIS FINAL SIGNIFICANT ACT OF PUBLIC SERVICE, HE WAS A DELEGATE TO THE CONVENTION THAT PRODUCED THE U.S. CONSTITUTION.

BEN FRANKLIN CONT.

• ONLY ONE TO SIGN:

• THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 1776

• TREATY OF ALLIANCE 1778

• TREATY OF PARIS 1783

• CONSTITUTION 1787

MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTEHTTP://WWW.USATESTPREP.COM/MOVIES/69/318/410

• YOUNG FRENCH ARISTOCRAT

• HELPED GET THE FRENCH TO HELP THE COLONISTS AGAINST THEIR MOST HATED RIVAL

• PLANNED STRATEGY AT YORKTOWN (FINAL BATTLE OF THE WAR)

• LED AN ARMY

• TRAINED MEN AT VALLEY FORGE

C. ANALYZE GEORGE WASHINGTON AS A MILITARY LEADER; INCLUDE

THE CREATION OF A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY AND THE LIFE OF A COMMON SOLDIER, AND DESCRIBE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF

THE CROSSING OF THE DELAWARE RIVER AND VALLEY FORGE.

GEORGE WASHINGTON

• AT THE BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

• GEORGE WASHINGTON WAS NAMED COMMANDER- IN- CHIEF OF THE CONTINENTAL ARMY

• HAD EXPERIENCE AS AN OFFICER WITH THE BRITISH DURING THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• HE DISPLAYED EXTRAORDINARY LEADERSHIP ABILITIES

• COMMON SOLDIER- AN ENLISTED MAN OF LOWEST RANK

• WASHINGTON:

• REORGANIZED THE ARMY

• SECURED ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

• STARTED A TRAINING PROGRAM

• TO TURN INEXPERIENCED RECRUITS INTO A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY

GEORGE WASHINGTON

• WASHINGTON:

• REORGANIZED THE ARMY

• SECURED ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

• STARTED A TRAINING PROGRAM

• TO TURN INEXPERIENCED RECRUITS INTO A PROFESSIONAL MILITARY

CONTINENTAL ARMY

• FOR THE COMMON SOLDIER, LIFE WAS HARD

• ENLISTMENTS LASTED FROM ONE TO THREE YEARS

• THE STATES DIFFERED IN HOW WELL AND HOW OFTEN THEY;

• PAID THEIR SOLDIERS

• HOUSED THEM WHEN THEY WERE NOT ON THE MARCH

• SUPPLIED THEM WITH FOOD, CLOTHING, AND EQUIPMENT

• THESE ISSUES UNDERMINED MORALE, AS DID:

• THE ARMY’S STERN DISCIPLINE

• THE CHANCES OF BEING WOUNDED OR KILLED

• BRITISH VICTORIES.

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

AMERICAN MILITARY STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

Strengths Weaknesses

• Familiarity of home ground

• Leadership of George Washington and other officers

• Inspiring cause of the independence

• Most soldiers untrained and undisciplined

• Shortage of food and ammunition

• Inferior navy• No central

government to enforce wartime policies

BRITISH MILITARY STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

Strengths Weaknesses

• Strong, well-trained army and navy

• Strong central government with available funds

• Support of colonial Loyalists and Native Americans

• Large distance separating Britain from battlefields

• Troops unfamiliar with terrain

• Weak military leaders• Sympathy of certain

British politicians for the American cause

LEAD-IN TO WAR (1763-1774)

• END OF THE SEVEN YEARS WAR

• AKA – THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• CAUSED BRITAIN TO TAX THE COLONISTS

• STAMP ACT

• 1ST DIRECT TAX ON THE COLONIST

• NOT RECEIVED WELL

• BRITISH TROOPS OCCUPY BOSTON

• TO ENFORCE THE TOWNSHEND ACT

• TO CLAMP DOWN ON RADICALS

• BOSTON MASSACRE (THE INCIDENT ON KING STREET)

LEAD-IN TO WAR (1763-1774)

• COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE ESTABLISHED

• COORDINATE AMERICAN RESPONSE TO BRITISH COLONIAL POLICY

• IMPORTANT MOVE TOWARD COOPERATION AND A NATIONAL IDENTITY

• BRITAIN TRIES TO INTIMIDATE MASSACHUSETTS

• COERCIVE ACTS (INTOLERABLE ACTS)

• CLOSES THE PORT OF BOSTON

• CAUSES OTHER COLONIES TO SHOW SYMPATHY

INDEPENDENCE DECLARED (1775-1777)

HTTP://WWW.CLEANVIDEOSEARCH.COM/MEDIA/ACTION/YT/WATCH?V=Y6IKO6LMXF4

• LEXINGTON AND CONCORD

• BRITISH COMMAND HEARD RUMOR OF MUNITIONS STORED IN CONCORD

• ALSO HEARD JOHN HANCOCK AND SAMUEL ADAMS WERE IN LEXINGTON

• BRITISH TROOPS MARCHED TO LEXINGTON THROUGH CONCORD

• MINUTEMEN ARE WAITING FOR THE BRITISH

• MINUTEMEN AND CIVILIAN SOLDIERS

• ‘THE SHOT HEARD AROUND THE WORLD’

• MILITIA IS LEAVING A SOMEONE SHOOTS

• BRITISH OPEN FIRE AND KILLING 8 AND WOUNDING 10 MORE

• BATTLE LASTED ONLY 15 MINUTES

INDEPENDENCE DECLARED

• BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL (BREEDS HILL)• THIS IS THE FIRST MAJOR ACTION OF THE WAR

• COLONIAL SOLDIERS HOLD OFF THE BRITISH OF MORE THAN TWO HOURS AT BREEDS HILL

• COLONIAL MEN ARE FORCED TO ABANDON BOTH HILLS

• BUNKER HILL OVER LOOKS BOSTON

• OF THE 2,200 RED-COATS, 1,000 DIE OR ARE WOUNDED

BATTLE OF TRENTON DEC.,1776HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=KF-Y7S_YIAU

-Washington crossing the Delaware

Washington’s Army is reeling from early losses

Need a victory to boost morale of troops and country

Sends a spy to trick the Germans into thinking he won’t attack

Germans drink all night: Merry Christmas!

Washington completely surprises and defeats them

First victory for the Colonists

FRENCH ALLIANCE

• A TURNING POINT IN THE WAR (BATTLE OF SARATOGA)

• FRANCE DECIDES TO SUPPORT AMERICA FEB. 1778

• BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

• SERVED AS THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE

• CONVINCED FRENCH TO FORM A MILITARY ALLIANCE

• AGREED TO WAGE WAR AGAINST BRITAIN UNTIL AMERICA GAINED INDEPENDENCE

• SHIPS, TRAINING, SOLDIERS, CASH, WEAPONS MORALE BOOST

WAR IN THE NORTH (1777-1778)

• SARATOGA

• THE BRITISH WANTED TO SEPARATE NEW ENGLAND FROM THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

• MILITIAMEN ATTACKED HIM ON AND OFF ALL THE WAY TO NEW YORK

• BY THE TIME THEY GOT THERE, THEY WERE BATTERED

• AMERICAN TROOPS SURROUNDED THE BRITISH AT SARATOGA AND THE BRITISH SURRENDERED

• THE BRITISH WOULD NO LONGER ATTACK INLAND

• AWAY FROM THE BIG GUNS OF THEIR NAVY

VALLEY FORGE DEC.1777-MAY 1778

• WINTER CAMP FOR AMERICAN TROOPS

• MANY SOLDIERS DIE OF DISEASE, COLD, AND HUNGER

• BARON VON STEUBEN HIRED TO TRAIN THE TROOPS

• NOW THEY RESEMBLE AN ARMY

• CONFIDENT TO FIGHT THE BRITISH IN THE FIELD

BARON FREDERICK VON STEUBEN

• He was a German officer who used his drills to discipline the Continental army in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

• Was born in 1730 and died in 1794.

Abby Sallee

VALLEY FORGE• THE BRITISH OCCUPY PHILADELPHIA

• WASHINGTON AND HIS TROOPS SPENT THE WINTER OF 1777–1778 IN VALLEY FORGE, PENNSYLVANIA

• THEY SPEND SIX MONTHS THERE AND DEAL WITH PROBLEMS:

• WAGES, HOUSING, FOOD, CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT WERE AT THEIR WORST

• DISEASE SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE CAMP, INCREASING THE SUFFERING OF THE 12,000 MEN

• VALLEY FORGE

• AS CONDITIONS WORSENED, ALMOST 4,000 SOLDIERS WERE TOO WEAK OR ILL TO FIGHT

• WASHINGTON ORDERED AN INTENSE TRAINING PROGRAM

• LIKE A MODERN BOOT CAMP

• IT TURNED THE CONTINENTAL ARMY INTO A CAPABLE AND SELF-ASSURED INFANTRY

D. EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY AT THE

BATTLE OF YORKTOWN, THE ROLE OF LORD

CORNWALLIS, AND THE TREATY OF PARIS, 1783.

YORKTOWN

• BATTLE OF YORKTOWN

• FOUGHT BY A JOINT FORCE OF FRENCH AND AMERICAN SOLDIERS

• THE BRITISH ARE TRAPPED ON VIRGINIA’S YORKTOWN PENINSULA

• THEY ARE UNABLE TO EVACUATE OR RECEIVE REINFORCEMENTS

• THE FRENCH NAVY HAD DRIVEN OFF THE BRITISH FLEET

• THIS CAUSES GENERAL CORNWALLIS IS FORCED TO SURRENDER

• NEW YORK AND CHARLESTON REMAIN IN THE HANDS OF THE BRITISH UNTIL A PEACE TREATY IS SIGNED

• TAKES TWO YEARS

• THE WAR FOR AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE IS OVER

LORD CORNWALLIS• THE BRITISH PLANNED TO COUNTER THE FRENCH-

AMERICAN ALLIANCE

• GENERAL CHARLES CORNWALLIS WAS TO MOVE THE WAR TO THE SOUTHERN STATES

• TO TRY TO SEPARATE THOSE COLONIES FROM REVOLUTIONARY FORCES IN THE NORTH

• HE HAD SOME IMMEDIATE SUCCESS

• AMERICANS PREVENTED A COMPLETE VICTORY IN THE SOUTH

• CORNWALLIS THEN PURSUES THEM INTO VIRGINIA

• BRITISH TROOPS WERE ATTACKED BY LAFAYETTE

• THE COMBINED FRENCH AND AMERICAN ARMIES

• AND A FRENCH FLEET

• 1783: The Treaty of Paris officially ends the Revolutionary War

The Treaty of ParisThe Treaty of Paris

The Treaty of Paris—1783The Treaty of Paris—1783

• Officially ended the American Revolution

• Set many geographic borders, including U.S. and Canada

• Florida was returned to Spain

• British merchants must be paid for lost items

• Loyalists must be paid for lost property