stahn jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus post bellum

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The European Journal of International Law Vol. 17 no.5 © EJIL 2007; all rights rese rved ........................................................................................... EJIL (2006) V l 17 N 5 921 943 d i 10 1093/ jil/hl037 ........................................................................................................................................................ ‘Jus ad bellum’, ‘jus in bello’ . . . ‘jus post bellum’? – Rethinking the Conception of the Law of Armed Force Carsten Stahn* Abstract The law of armed force is traditionally conceptualized in the categories of jus ad bellum and jus in bello. This dualist conception of armed force has its origin in the legal tradition of the inter-war period. This essay revisits this approach. It argues that the increasing interweaving of the concepts of intervention, armed conflict and peace-making in contemporary practice make it necessary to complement the classical rules of jus ad bellum and in jus in bello with a third branch of the law, namely rules and principles governing peace-making after conflict. The idea of a tripartite conception of armed force, including the concept of justice after war ( ‘jus post bellum’ ) has a long-established tradition in moral philosophy and legal theory. This article argues that this historical concept deserves fresh attention from a legal perspective at a time when the contemporary rules of jus ad bell um and jus in bel lo are increasingly shaped by a normative conception of law and justice and a broadening notion of human security. Moreover, it identifies some of the legal rules and principles underlying a modern conception of ‘just post bellum’. 1 Introdu ct io n Since Grotius’ De Jure Belli ac Pacis, the architecture of the international legal sys- tem has been founded upon a distinction between the states of war and peace. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was taken for granted that ‘the law recog- nizes a state of peace and a state of war, but that it knows nothing of an intermediate * Dr.jur ., LL.M. ( NYU), LL .M. (Köl n–Par is), Asso ciate L egal Off icer, In ternat ional C rimin al Court , Visiti ng Fellow Leiden University. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Criminal Court. This article is part of a broader research project of the author on ‘ jus post bellum’. Email: Carsten.[email protected].

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