staffing for effective digital preservation: an ndsa report
TRANSCRIPT
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STAFFINGFOREFFECTIVEDIGITAL
PRESERVATIONAN
NDSA
REPORT
December
2013
ResultsofaSurveyofOrganizationsPreservingDigital
Content
Authors
WinstonAtkins,DukeUniversityLibraries
AndreaGoethals,HarvardLibrary
CarolKussmann,MinnesotaStateArchives
MegPhillips,NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration
MaryVardigan,InteruniversityConsortiumforPoliticalandSocialResearch(ICPSR)
RepresentingtheNDSAStandardsandPracticesWorkingGroup
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Contents EXECUTIVESUMMARY......................................................................................................... 2ABOUTTHENATIONALDIGITALSTEWARDSHIPALLIANCE .................................................. 2INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 3
The Data Files............................................................................................................................................4The Survey Codebook.............................................................................................................................4
SURVEYCONTENT................................................................................................................ 5FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................. 5
Background Information ..........................................................................................................................6Digital Content ..........................................................................................................................................7Digital Preservation Activities ................................................................................................................9Digital Preservation Organization and Staffing.............................................................................13Staff Qualifications and Training....................................................................................................... 16Comments about Digital Preservation Program Staffing and Organization............................. 18
ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 19RELATEDWORK ................................................................................................................. 21NEXTSTEPS........................................................................................................................ 22CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 22REFERENCES....................................................................................................................... 23APPENDIXA SURVEYQUESTIONS................................................................................... 24APPENDIXBPOSTER:IPRES2012ATTHEUNIVERSITYOFTORONTO ............................. 26
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Persistent URL: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/lcpub.2013655113.1
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EXECUTIVESUMMARY
In2012theNationalDigitalStewardshipAlliance(NDSA)StandardsandPracticesWorkingGroupsurveyed
85institutionswithamandatetopreservedigitalcontenttoinvestigatehowsuchorganizationsstaffedand
organizedtheirpreservationfunctions.Itwasfoundthatformostorganizationssurveyed,therewasno
dedicateddigital
preservation
department
to
take
the
lead
in
this
area
so
preservation
tasks
fell
to
alibrary,
archive,orotherdepartment.Closetohalfofrespondentsthoughtthatthedigitalpreservationfunctionin
theirorganizationswaswellorganized,butathirdwerenotsatisfiedandmanywereunsure.
Addressingstaffinglevels,organizationsexpressedapreferencetohavealmosttwicethenumberoffull
timeequivalents(FTEs)thattheycurrentlyhad.Whilethesurveyshowedthatmostorganizationswere
retrainingexistingstafftomanagedigitalpreservationfunctions,questionswerealsoaskedaboutdesired
qualifications fornewdigitalpreservationmanagers.Havingapassionandmotivationfordigital
preservationandaknowledgeofdigitalpreservationstandards,bestpractices,andtoolswereconsidered
themostsoughtafterskills.
Otherfindings
from
the
survey
showed
that
most
organizations
expected
the
size
of
their
holdings
to
increasesubstantiallyinthenextyearwith20%expectingadoublingofcontent.Imagesandtextfileswere
themostcommontypesofcontentbeingpreserved.Mostorganizationswereperformingthemajorityof
digitalpreservationactivitiesinhousebutmanyoutsourcedsomeactivities(digitizationwasthemost
common)andwerehopingtooutsourcemore.
Thesurveyprovidessomeusefulbaselinedataaboutstaffingneeds,andtheNDSAStandardsandPractices
WorkingGrouprecommendsthatthesurveyberepeatedintwotothreeyearstoshowchangeovertime
asdigitalpreservationprogramsmatureandasmoreorganizationsselfidentifyasbeingengagedindigital
preservation.
ABOUTTHENATIONALDIGITALSTEWARDSHIPALLIANCE
Foundedin2010,theNationalDigitalStewardshipAlliance(NDSA)isaconsortiumofinstitutionsthatare
committedtothelongtermpreservationofdigitalinformation.NDSAsmissionistoestablish,maintain,
andadvancethecapacitytopreserveournationsdigitalresourcesforthebenefitofpresentandfuture
generations.NDSAmemberinstitutionsrepresentallsectors,andincludeuniversities,consortia,
professionalassociations,commercialenterprises,andgovernmentagenciesatthefederal,state,andlocal
levels.
MoreinformationabouttheNDSAisavailablefromhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/ .
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/ -
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INTRODUCTION
Organizationsestablishingorscalingupdigitalpreservationprogramsarefacedwithmanystaffing,scoping
andorganizationaldecisions.Howmanystaffareneededandwhatkindsofskills,educationandexperience
shouldtheyhave?Whattypesofpositionsshouldtheinstitutioncreate?Shouldithirenewstafforretrain
existingstaff?Andhowshouldthepreservationprogrambescoped thatis,whatfunctionsshouldbe
includeddirectlyintheprogram,providedbyotherpartsoftheorganization,outsourced,orimplemented
throughcollaborationwithotherorganizations?Whatorganizationalandstaffingmodelsworkwell?
SeveralmembersoftheNationalDigitalStewardshipAlliance(NDSA)Standards&Practicesworkinggroup
discoveredthattheysharedacommoninterestinknowinghoworganizationswerestaffingandorganizing
digitalpreservationprogramssothattheycouldusetheinformationtoimprovetheirownprogramsand
werewillingtoworktogetheronasurvey.Thegroupbelievedthattheinformationwouldbevaluablenot
onlytoitsownmembers,butalsotothebroaderNDSAanddigitalpreservationcommunities.
ThePreservationStaffingSurvey,conductedbymembersoftheNDSAStandards&Practicesworking
group,was
designed
to
shed
light
on
how
organizations
responsible
for
digital
preservation
are
addressing
thesestaffing,scopingandorganizationalquestions.
METHODOLOGY
Todeterminesomeoftheapproachesorganizationsusedtostaffandorganizedigitalpreservation
programs,anadhocworkinggroupformedtodevelopandadministerasurvey.Overthecourseoftwo
monthsinthespringof2012,theworkinggroupmemberscollaboratedusingGoogledocstodraftthe
surveyquestions.ThesurveywasthentransferredtoQualtrics1,awebbasedsurveytoolsubscribedtoby
HarvardUniversity,anNDSAmember.Qualtricsprovidedtheabilitytopublishpreviewsofsurveys,so
workinggroup
members
were
able
to
review
and
provide
additional
feedback
on
the
look
and
behavior
of
thesurveyasitwouldappeartoapersonfillingoutthesurvey.
ThestaffingsurveywasannouncedinlateJune2012throughmultiplenationalandinternationalmailing
listsassociatedwithdigitalpreservationandremainedopenthroughthebeginningofSeptember.Itwas
opentoanyinstitutionchoosingtorespond.Thesurveywasstarted131timesandcompleted85timesfor
a65%completionrate.ResultswereanalyzedusingtheQualtricssoftwareduringSeptember2012and
werepresentedaschartsandgraphsonaposteratiPRES2012inTorontoamonthlater(SeeAppendixB).
Tomorewidelysharethedatafiles2inorderforotherstorevieworextendourfindings,itwasdecidedto
makethemavailablethroughtheInteruniversityConsortiumforPoliticalandSocialResearch(ICPSR),a
digitalrepository
that
archives
social
and
behavioral
science
data.
The
process
involved
exporting
data
out
ofQualtricsandcreatingacodebookdocumentingthesurveydata.Sincethisprojectwasconductedunder
1Qualtrics.Qualtrics.com|SophisticatedResearchMadeSimple.http://www.qualtrics.com.AccessedSeptember26,2013.2NationalDigitalStewardshipAlliance(NSDA).StandardsandPracticesWorkingGroup. SurveyofStaffingPracticesand
NeedsRelatedtoDigitalPreservation,2012.ICPSR34901v1.AnnArbor,MI:InteruniversityConsortiumforPoliticaland
SocialResearch[distributor],20131001.doi:10.3886/ICPSR34901.v1.
http://www.qualtrics.com/http://www.qualtrics.com/ -
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theauspicesoftheNDSA,theteamfeltitwasimportanttodemonstrateacommitmenttodigital
preservationbyproperlyarchivingitsowndata.Detailsaboutthedatafilesandresultingcodebookare
providedbelow.
The Data Files
TheQualtricssoftwareprovidedseveraloptionsforexportingthesurveyresponsedata,includingoptions
forexcludingresponsesthatcouldrevealrespondentsidentities.Usingthisfeature,weexcludedresponses
forQuestions2,21,and22.3Afterexaminingtheexporteddata,weexcludedresponsesfortwoadditional
questionsbecausetheycontainedinformationthatcouldbeusedtoidentifytherespondents
organizations: IPaddress(automatically suppliedbyQualtrics),andQuestion13.
Wechosetodepositthedataintwoformats:CSVandSAV,whichisaformatcompatiblewithSPSS.4
The
CSVformatprovidesreadyaccesstothedataanddoesnotrequirespecializedsoftware.TheSPSS
compatibleformatcontainedmorerobustmetadata,whichwefeltcouldbeuseful.
Anadditionaldecisiontomakewaswhichsetofresponsestodepositthoseinwhicharespondent
reached
the
final
page
and
hit
the
Submit
button
(85
responses),
or
the
larger
set
of
all
surveys
that
were
begun,whetherornottherespondentsubmittedtheresponses(131responses).Wedecidedtoincludeall
theresponsesinthearchiveddata,whetherornottherespondentcompletedthesurvey,althoughonly
thecompletedresponseswereincludedinthesurveyanalysisdescribedinthispaper.
TheInteruniversityConsortiumforPoliticalandSocialResearchsGuidetoSocialScienceDataPreparation
andArchiving5helpedustoassemblethenecessarydocumentationforthesurvey.WealsousedICPSRs
guidelinesonfileformatstodecidewhichformatswewouldusetodepositthedataandthecodebook.6
The Survey Codebook
Thecodebookestablishesthecontextforthesurveyanditsresponses.Itassumesthatfutureuserswill
havenopriorknowledgeofthesurveyoritsdata,somuchofoureffortwentintoensuringthatthe
SummaryandScopeofSurveysectionconveyedtheworkinggroupsmissionandthesurveygoals,and
providedanoverviewofourapproachtoinvitingresponses.Thecodebookalsodocumentsthefulltextof
eachquestion,thequestionslocationinthetableofresponses,thepossibleresponses,andtheformatsin
whichresponsescouldbeentered.Inaddition,wecreatedanadditionalreportusingSPSSsCodebook
reportutility.
3ThecompletesurveyisincludedinAppendixA.4
SPSSstatistical
software:
http://www
01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/.
Accessed
September
26,
2013.
5InteruniversityConsortiumforPoliticalandSocialResearch(ICPSR).GuidetoSocialScienceDataPreparationand
Archiving:BestPracticesThroughouttheDataLifeCycle.5th
Edition.AnnArbor,MI:InteruniversityConsortiumforPolitical
andSocialResearch.http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/deposit/guide/.AccessedAugust28,2013.6Acodebookisadocumentthatprovidesinformationonthestructure,contents,andlayoutofadatafile.
http://www.ddialliance.org/bp/definition.AccessedAugust28,2013.
http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/http://www.ddialliance.org/bp/definitionshttp://www.ddialliance.org/bp/definitionshttp://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/ -
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Ifarespondenteitherquitthesurveyorchosenottoansweraquestion,thatdecisionwasrecordedwith
anemptycellorthevalue99.Anemptycelltypicallymeantthatthequestionwasformattedfortext
inputwhilethevalue99indicatedthattheunansweredquestionwasseenbutnotansweredand
formattedforanumericresponse.
SURVEYCONTENT
Thesurveyposedaseriesofquestionsrelatedtothenatureoftheinstitutionpreservingcontent,thescope
ofthedigitalpreservationprogram,andthenumberandtypesofpositionsresponsibleforcarryingout
digitalpreservationwork.Italsosolicitedinformationabouttheorganizationalstructureoftheprogram:
whethertherewasadedicateddigitalpreservationdepartment,andifnot,whethertheresponsibilityfor
thisworkwascentralizedinanotherdepartmentordecentralizedinotherpartsoftheinstitution.The
surveyalsoqueriedrespondentsaboutwhichfunctionswereperformedinhouseandwhichwere
outsourced,andwhatthefutureplansforthesefunctionswere.Finally,tolearnmoreaboutnotjusthow
organizationswereapproachingdigitalpreservationbutwhichapproacheswereperceivedasworkingwell,
thesurveyprobedforwhethertheinstitutionwassatisfiedwiththecurrentorganizationalstructure
aroundpreservation.
There
was
also
an
option
in
the
survey
to
reference
or
send
related
organizational
chartsorpositiondescriptions.
FINDINGS
Thissectionofthereportincludesthetextoftheoriginalquestionsclusteredintorelatedthemes,a
presentationoftheresultsforeachquestion,andashortdiscussionoftheimplicationsoftheresults.A
longerdiscussionofthelargerpictureofdigitalpreservationstaffingprovidedbythesurveyfollowsinthe
Analysissection.
Themajor
themes
are:
BackgroundInformation DigitalContent DigitalPreservationActivities DigitalPreservationOrganizationandStaffing StaffQualificationsandTraining CommentsaboutDigitalPreservationProgramStaffingandOrganization
Sinceamajorgoalofthesurveywasfindingouthowrepositorieswithdifferentcharacteristicswere
currentlystaffed,whethertheyweresatisfiedwiththeircurrentstaffing,andwhattheywouldliketheir
staffingmodeltolooklikeinthefuture,questionsfoundinseveralofthesectionscoverbothwhatwe
haveandwhatwewant.Forexample,boththeDigitalPreservationOrganizationandStaffingand
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Figure
1:
Types
of
organizations
represented
by
respondents
Digital Content
Additionalquestionsdesignedtoelicitinformationaboutthescopeofpreservationeffortsfocusedonthe
amountofdigitalcontenteachorganizationwaspreservingandexpectedtobepreservinginthenear
future.
Q6 Howmuchonlineorofflinestoragespaceareyouusingforyourdigitalcontent,notincluding
backupcopies?
Q7 Whatdoyouexpectthepercentofgrowthtobeofyourpreserveddigitalcontentoverthe
nextyear?Pleaseenteranumberrepresentingapercentage.
Q8 Roughlyhowmuchofeachareyoupreservingintermsofnumberoffiles?(None,alittle,
some,alot)
Surveyresults(seeFigure2)showthatoverhalfoftherespondents(59%)werepreserving150TBof
digitalcontent;32%werepreserving51500TB;asmallnumber(4%)werepreservingover500TB;anda
smallnumberofrespondentswerenotyetpreservingdigitalcontentorwerepreservingover500TB.
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Figure2:Amountofcontentorganizationswerepreserving
Whileitisimportantininterpretingthesurveyresultstoknowtheamountofcontentorganizationswere
preserving,itisalsoimportanttoknowtheamountofcontentgrowththeywereexpectinginthenear
future.Thesurvey(Q7)askedforanestimateofthepercentgrowthofpreserveddigitalcontentexpected
overthenextyear.AsshowninFigure3,68%expecteduptoa49%contentincrease,12%expecteda50
99%contentincrease,and20%expectedatleasta100%contentincrease(atleastadoublingofcontent).
Ofthoseexpectingcontenttoatleastdouble,mostorganizations(76%)held150TBofcontent.
Figure3:Expectedpercentgrowthinpreservedcontent
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Itisalsohelpfultounderstandthetypesandvarietyofdigitalformatsorganizationswerepreserving.The
surveyaskedrespondentstospecifyandroughlyquantifytheformatstheywerepreserving(Q8).The
qualitativeresponseoptions(Alot,some,alittle,none)werechosentoelicittheoveralldominanceof
typesofcontentwithineachcollection,regardlessofthesizeofthecollectionortheexactnumberoffiles
orpercentageofstoragespaceusedforeach.Figure4showstheresultsbyresponsecount.Imagesand
textdocumentsmadeupthemajorityofdigitalfilesbeingpreserved;however,otherformatssuchasaudio
andvideo,
data
sets,
and
GIS
data
collectively
made
up
alarge
collection
of
digital
content
that
must
be
managedbytherespondingorganizations.
Figure4:Typesofcontentbyresponsecount(multipleitemscouldbeselectedbyeachrespondent)
Digital Preservation Activities
Tounderstandhoworganizationsdefineddigitalpreservationandhowtheymanagedthesefunctions,the
surveyaskedquestionsaboutparticipationincooperativeefforts,thetypesofactivitiesrespondents
consideredinscopefordigitalpreservation,andwhichoftheseweredoneinhouseoroutsourced.
Q9 Doyouparticipateinanydigitalpreservationconsortialorcooperativeefforts?
Q10 Whichoftheseactivitiesareconsideredpartofthescopeofthedigitalpreservationfunction
atyour
organization,
whether
or
not
you
have
implemented
this
activity
yet?
Check
all
that
apply.
Q11 Whichoftheseactivitiesareyoucurrentlydoinginhouseand/oroutsourcing?Ifyouhavent
implementedanactivityyet,leaveitunchecked.
Q12 Whichoftheseactivitieswouldyouliketooutsource?Alsoincludeanyactivitiesthatyouare
alreadyoutsourcingandwouldliketocontinueoutsourcing.
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Thesurveyaskedrespondentsaboutwhatactivitieseachorganizationconsideredpartofdigital
preservationwithintheirorganization(Q10).Choicesincluded:
Selectionforpreservation Digitization Metadatacreation/extraction Descriptivecataloging Transformation/migrationofformats Creationofaccesscopies Normalizationoffiles Fixitychecks Fileformatidentification Fileformatvalidation Emulation Contentreplication Securestoragemanagement Technologywatch Developmentandmaintenanceoftools Preservationplanning Developmentofpreservationpoliciesandstrategy Developmentofguidelinesforcontentcreators Research Preservationeducation,trainingandoutreach
Figure5:Inscopedigitalpreservationactivities
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Figure5showsthateverythingonthelistwasinscopeforoverhalfoftherespondentswiththeexception
ofemulation,whichwasonlyinscopefor22%.Thisdemonstratesthecomplexityofdigitalpreservation
anditsmultifacetednature,underscoringthefactthatavarietyofskillsareneededtoaddressdigital
preservationissues.
WhileQ10askedwhichactivitiesrespondentsconsideredtobepartofdigitalpreservation,afollowup
question
(Q11)
asked
respondents
which
of
these
activities
were
currently
being
done
in
house
or
outsourced(notethatrespondentswereonlypresentedwiththeoptionsthattheyselectedinQ10aspart
ofthedigitalpreservationscopeattheirinstitutions).
Figure6:Percentofdigitalpreservationactivitiesdoneinhouseandoutsourced
AsFigure6shows,themajorityofdigitalpreservationfunctionswerebeingdoneinhouse.Wherethese
functionswereinscopefordigitalpreservationatrespondentsinstitutions,100%wereconducting
preservationplanning,developingguidelinesforcontentcreators,andmakingselectionsforpreservation
inhouse.Over90%werealsoconductingthesefunctionsinhouse:developingpreservationpoliciesand
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strategies;fileformatidentification,validationandnormalization; descriptivecataloging;preservation
education,trainingandoutreach;andtechnologywatches.
Notsurprisingly,thehighestfunctionbeingoutsourcedwasdigitization(37%),although63%werealso
doingitinhouse.Otherfunctionsoutsourcedbymorethan15%oftherespondentsforthisquestion
includedsecurestoragemanagement(22%),creationofaccesscopies(20%),contentreplication(17%),
developmentand
maintenance
of
tools
(17%),
emulation
(17%)
and
metadata
creation/extraction
(16%).
Whenrespondentswereaskedwhichfunctionstheirorganizationswouldliketooutsource(Q12),including
functionsalreadybeingoutsourcedthatwouldcontinuetobeoutsourced,digitization(65%),secure
storagemanagement(43%),fileformatmigration/transformations(34%),metadataextraction(32%),and
thedevelopmentandmaintenanceoftools(29%)wereatthetopofthelist(seeFigure7).Asbefore,
respondentswereonlypresentedwiththeoptionsthattheyselectedinQ10asinscopeforthedigital
preservationfunctionattheirinstitutions.
Figure7:Functionsrespondentswouldliketooutsource
Respondentswerealsoaskediftheyparticipatedindigitalpreservationconsortiaorothercooperative
efforts(Q9).Thisresponsewasa54%/46%yes/nosplit.Thosewhoansweredyeswereaskedtolistthe
nameoftheconsortiumorcooperative.Answersincludednational,regionalandlocalorganizationssuchas
HathiTrust,LOCKSS,MetaArchive,NDSA/NDIIPP,PeDALS,localdigitallibrariesandmanymore
organizationsandinitiatives.Somewerecontentspecificwhileothersweremoregeneral.
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Q16askedifthewaytheinstitutionsdigitalpreservationfunctionwascurrentlyorganized(staffinglevels,
expertise,wheretheywereplacedwithinthelargerorganization)workedwell.Thegoodnewsisthat43%
agreedorstronglyagreedthatthedigitalpreservationfunctionwithintheirorganizationswaswell
organized;however,asignificantnumber,34%,werenotsatisfiedwithhowthingswereorganized,and
23%wereunsure(answeringNeitherAgreenorDisagree),asshowninFigure9.
Figure9:Levelofagreementthatthedigitalpreservationfunctionwasorganizedwellwithinthe
organization
Tobetter
understand
how
organizations
staffed
themselves
in
regards
to
digital
preservation,
organizations
wereaskedhowmanyfulltimeequivalents(FTEs)theyhadforspecificpositionsorrolesrelatingtodigital
preservationaswellaswhattheiridealnumberofFTEsforeachrolewouldbe.Thedifferencebetween
thesetwovaluesshowshowcurrentstaffinglevelscomparedtorespondentsneeds/wants.
Q15 Foreachofthesepositions,howmanyFTEdoyoucurrentlyhavedoingdigitalpreservationin
yourorganization,andhowmanywouldbeideal?FTEstandsforFulltimeequivalent.Forexample
a1.0FTEcouldmeanonepersonfulltimeor2peoplehalftime;a0.5FTEcouldmeanoneperson
halftimeor2peoplequartertime.Donotincludepeopledoingworkotherthandigital
preservation.Pleaseusewholenumbersordecimalsasappropriate.
Inevaluating
the
responses,
it
was
found
that
organizations
would
like
to
have
almost
twice
as
many
FTEs
astheycurrentlyhadworkingondigitalpreservationactivities.Specificresultsforeachpositionareshown
inFigure10.(Note:Thegraphbelowonlyincludesresponsesforwhichtherewerenoblankanswers.For
example,ifaresponseforcurrentFTEswas2andthefieldforidealFTEswasleftblank,wecouldnot
makeassumptionsregardingwhethertherespondentwashappywiththetwoFTEsandtheidealvalue
shouldbethesameorwhethertherespondentwantedmoreorlesspeople.Similarlyifarespondentfilled
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intheidealFTEsbutleftthecurrentFTEscolumnblank,itwasnotrecordedinthegraphbelow;wecould
notassumeablankanswerwaszero.)
Figure10:Currentvs.idealstaffing
Tolearnabouthowandwherethedigitalpreservationfunctionfitwithinorganizationsuniquestructures,
respondentswereaskedtoshareorganizationalchartsand/orapplicablepositiondescriptions:
Q20 Doyouhaveorganizationalchartsorpositiondescriptionsthatyoudbewillingtoshare?Any
documentsyousharewouldprovidecontexttoyouranswersandwouldbekeptprivatetothe
NDSAStandardsandPracticesWorkingGroupunlessyougiveusexplicitpermissioninthefutureto
sharemore
broadly.
Q21 Iftheyareonline,whataretheURL(S)?Iftheyarenotonline,pleaseemailthis
InresponsetoQ20,sixteenorganizationsindicatedthattheyhadandwerewillingtosharethistypeof
information.InresponsetoQ21,eighteitherprovidedlinksorrespondedthattheywouldsendthe
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information.Thesmallnumberofresponsesmayshowthatthedocumentationofdigitalpreservation
processeshasyettobeformalizedandthatinstitutionsarestilldevelopingtheseastwothirdsofsurvey
respondentswerewillingtosharetheirowncontactinformationforfollowupquestions.
Staff Qualifications and Training
Questions17and18askedforthedesiredqualificationsofdigitalpreservationstaff,andwhether
organizationshirednewstaffwithdigitalpreservationexperienceorretrainedexistingemployeesto
managedigitalpreservationfunctions.
Q17 Forinhousestaff,didyouhireexperienceddigitalpreservationspecialistsand/orretrain
existingstaff?Checkallthatapply.
Q18 Pleaseratetheimportanceofeachoftheseitemsifyouwerehiringanewdigital
preservationmanageratyourorganization.
Figure11:Hiringnewstaffvs.trainingexistingstaff
Understandingthatrespondentscouldselectmorethanoneanswer,wefoundthat75%retrainedexisting
staff,35%hiredexperienceddigitalpreservationspecialists,and21%selectedother(seeFigure11).
Explanationsintheothercategoryincludedhiringnewstaffwithcompetenceorotherexperienceand
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trainingthemondigitalpreservationskills,hiringspecialiststotrainstaff,andjustlearningtherequired
skillsastheprocessesmovedforward.
Giventhechancetohireanewdigitalpreservationmanager,organizationswereaskedtoranktherelative
importanceofskills,knowledgeandeducation.Theycouldberankedasextremelyimportant,very
important,somewhatimportant,somewhatunimportant,veryunimportant,ornotatallimportant.
Apassion
and
motivation
for
digital
preservation
and
knowledge
of
digital
preservation
standards,
best
practicesandtoolswereconsideredthemostsoughtafterskills,followedbygeneralcommunicationand
analyticalskills.Respondentswerelessconcernedwiththespecificdegreesorcertificatespeopleheld.
Figures12and13belowbreakouttheresultsbywhatrespondentsconsideredthemostimportantandthe
leastimportantqualificationsforadigitalpreservationmanager.
Figure12:Mostimportantqualificationsbypercentageofrespondents
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Figure13:Leastimportantqualificationsbypercentageofrespondents
Comments about Digital Preservation Program Staffing and Organization
Togiverespondentsachancetovoicetheiropinion,clarifyresults,orexplaintheirsituations,anopen
endedquestionwasaskedaboutdigitalpreservationprograms.Twentyfiveorganizationsrespondedwith
additionalcomments.
Q19 Isthereanythingelseyoudliketoshareaboutthewayyouthinkaneffectivedigital
preservationprogramshouldbestaffedandorganized?
Collaboration,both
within
an
organization
and
externally,
was
the
most
frequently
discussed
topic.
Many
organizationswerelookingforexamplesfromotherswhohadalreadyaddressedtheissuestheywere
facing.Sharingexperiencescanbeafirststepincollaborating.
Smallerorganizationswilldependoninternalandexternalcollaborations.
Collaborative,multiinstitutionaleffortswillbeincreasinglycosteffectiveascontentdemands
scaleup.
Notsurprisingly,responsesalsoemphasizedtheimportanceofbuyinfromtheentireorganizationand
budgetsustainability.
Thereisagenerallackofunderstandingofthebudgetarydemandsondigitalcollectionsand
preservationthatequal,andusuallyexceed,traditionalcollectiondevelopment.Thelightson
costarerarely,ifever,discussedorbudgeted,thusdigitallibrariesandpreservationstypicallyare
fundedwithleftovers.
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Commentsspecificallyaboutstaffingfocusedonhiringorhavingamainpersoninchargeofdigital
preservationwithwhompeopleperformingdigitalpreservationtaskswouldallwork.Inmanycasesthese
otherpeoplewouldbeinvariousdepartmentsacrosstheorganization.
Idontthinkthisneedstobeabigstaffworkingsolelyondigitalpreservation,buthaveoneperson
fulltimeandthenhavesystemsanddigitalcollectionspeoplecoordinatingwiththatperson.
Otherresponses
focused
on
the
challenges
of
deciding
how
to
organize
staff
as
digital
preservation
programsatorganizationsdevelop.Onerespondentsaidthereisasignificantlydifferentstaffinglevelfor
projectstartupandongoingmaintenance.AnothersaidOurdigitalpreservationeffortsarestillintheir
infancy.Itisthereforequitedifficulttogaugewhatourfuturestaffingneedswillbe.Werecentlyhireda
DigitalPreservationLibrarianandourresponseswouldlikelybequitedifferentoneyearfromnow.Future
staffingneedswilldependonthesystemsandtoolswedecidetoimplement,andthebuyinweareableto
obtainfromadministratorsinsupportofourlongtermgoals.
Theresultingthemesandsimilarityofthecommentsshowthatorganizationsarenotaloneintheir
concernsandchallenges.
ANALYSIS
Overall,theresultsoftheDigitalPreservationStaffingsurveyindicatethatorganizationsaremakingdo
withwhattheyhaveandgenerallythinkthattheirdigitalpreservationprogramsandstaffingareworking
well,buttheyfeeladistinctneedformorepeopletohelpdothework.Itwouldbeinterestingtocompare
thenumberofadditionalpeopledesiredforthedigitalpreservationfunctionwiththeadditionalpeople
desiredforotherfunctionsintheseorganizations.Isdigitalpreservationmoreunderstaffedthanother
functions?Isthepoolofqualifiedapplicantssmaller?Itwasalsointerestingthatrelativelyfew
organizationshadadedicateddigitalpreservationunit.Inmostcases,digitalpreservationwasashared
responsibilityor
was
assigned
to
acustodial
unit
like
alibrary
or
archives
in
alarger
institution.
Therewasaninterestingrelationshipbetweentheresponsestodifferentquestions.Forexample,the
organizationsthatreportedthegreatestanticipatedincreaseinthesizeoftheirholdings(>=50%)overthe
nextyear(Q7)weretheleasthappywiththeircurrentstaffing(Q16)asshowninFigure14.Oneimagines
thattheseorganizationsanticipateasignificantincreaseinworkloadandareconcernedabouthowthey
willdotheworkwithexistingstaff.
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Figure14:Differenceinsatisfactionwithstaffingbetweentheinstitutionsexpectingaveryhighcontent
growthrate
and
all
survey
respondents
[In
response
to
Q16,
which
asked
organizations
to
rank
The
way
ourdigitalpreservationfunctioniscurrentlyorganized(staffinglevels,expertise,wheretheyareplaced
withinthelargerorganization)workswell.]
Thefairlyhighpercentageofrespondentswhoansweredthattheircurrentdigitalpreservation
organizationwasneitherworkingwellnornotworkingwell(i.e.answeredneitheragreenordisagreeto
Q16)begsforfurtherwork.Itislikelythatthisresponsereflectsseveraldifferentsituations:some
organizationsmayhavechosentheoptionsbecausesomethingsworkedwellandothersdidnt,some
becausetheywerentsureyetwhatsuccesslookslike,andsomebecausetheircurrentsituationwas
passable,but
neither
really
good
nor
really
bad.
ItisdifficulttoknowexactlyhowtointerprettheinterrelatedresponsestoQ10,Q11,andQ12.Question10
askedwhetheralonglistoffunctionswasconsideredinscopefordigitalpreservation,andQ11andQ12
askedwhichfunctionsweredoneinhouseoroutsourced,orwhichtheorganizationwouldliketo
outsource.ThephrasingofQ10putthefocusonhowtheorganizationdefinedthedigitalpreservation
function,notwhichofthosefunctionstheyconsideredimportantorwhichtheyperformed.Forexample,in
someorganizations,thecreationofaccesscopiesmightbeconsideredanaccessfunctionratherthana
preservationfunction.Itmighthavebeeninterestingforthesurveytoelicitwhetherthatfunctionwas
doneinhouseoroutsourced,regardlessofwhetherornotitwasconsideredpartofdigitalpreservation.
Theresponsesaboutwhatshouldbedoneinhouseversusoutsourcedhelpindicatewhatareconsidered
corepreservationfunctionsthatmustbetheresponsibilityoftheorganizationitself.Ingeneral,planning
andpolicymakingactivitiesareleastlikelytobeoutsourced;theyareviewedascorefunctionsofthe
organization,whichmakessense.Implementationtasksinvolvedincarryingoutpreservationpoliciesand
plans,whilestilldoneofteninhouse,aremorelikelytobeoutsourcedastheseprocessescanoftenbe
standardizedandperhapsdonemorecheaplybyspecialists.Forexample,thetaskofdigitizationis
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currentlydoneinhousebyover90%ofrespondents,butoutsourcingdigitizationisalsowellaccepted;
outsourcingstoragemanagementisdesiredbyover40%oforganizations.
Theskillsetdesiredforadigitalpreservationmanagerhasinterestingimplicationsfordigitalpreservation
education.Thepersoninchargeofdigitalpreservationataninstitutionshouldbecommittedand
knowledgeableaboutstandards,butmanyoftheirhighlydesiredskillsaretheskillsofanyeffective
manager
and
collaborator.
The
survey
did
not
ask
about
the
desired
skills
for
lower
level
positions;
presumablythemixofmanagerialandtechnicalskillswouldbedifferentformoretechnicalpositions.
RELATEDWORK
Overthepastfewyearsseveralsurveysandstudieshavesoughttoanswerquestionssimilartothoseasked
intheNDSAStaffingSurvey.
InEurope,asurveybyEngelhardtetal.7fortheDigitalCurationVocationalEducationEurope(DigCurV)
projectfocusedondigitalpreservationandcurationtrainingneeds.Itincludedquestionsaboutthenumber
ofdigitalpreservationstaffintheorganization,hiringofnewdigitalpreservationstaff,trainingexisting
staff,andtherelativeimportanceofparticularskills.ThemajorityoftherespondentscamefromEurope:
only56respondentscamefromtheUS.Incomparison,themajorityoftheNDSAstaffingsurveys
respondentswerefromtheUS.
Similarly,arecentsurveyconductedbytheAllianceforPermanentAccesstotheRecordsofScience
Network(APARSEN)8includedaquestiononthenumberofpeopledoingdigitalpreservationwork.Their
surveywasaimedatresearchlibrariesinEurope,whiletheNDSAstaffingsurveywastargetedtowardmany
differenttypesoforganizations,andprimarilyintheUS.
AsurveybyNelsonetal.9fortheAssociationofResearchLibraries(ARL)askedaboutthenumberofstaff
and
how
new
staff
were
identified
or
recruited.
However,
the
focus
of
their
query
was
different.
The
ARL
questionsappliedtostaffcollectingaswellasmanagingdigitalmaterial,andthatsurveyrestrictedthe
materialtoborndigitalcontent.TheNDSAstaffingsurveyfocusedondigitalpreservationstaffingonlyand
appliedtoalldigitalcontenttheorganizationwaspreserving,notjustborndigitalcontent.
FinallyKimetal.10
investigatedjobannouncementswithinacademiclibrariestoidentifycompetencies
requiredfordigitalcurationpositions.
7Engelhardt,C.,Strathmann,S.&McCadden,K.(2012).Reportandanalysisofthesurveyoftrainingneeds.Retrieved6/8,
2012,fromhttp://www.digcureducation.org/eng/Resources/Reportandanalysisonthetrainingneedssurvey.8
APARSEN
(2013).
D36.1
Business
Preparedness
Report.
Retrieved
April
23,
2012,
from
http://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSENREPD36_1011_0.pdf9Nelson,N.,Shaw,S.,Ghering,C.,Schmidt,L.,Belden,M.,Esposito,J.,Pyatt,T.,Deromedi,N.andShallcross,M.(2012)
SPECSurveyonManagingBornDigitalSpecialCollectionsandArchivalMaterials.RetrievedJune8,2012,from
http://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtml10Kim,J.,Warga,E.,andMoenW.(2012).Digitalcurationintheacademiclibraryjobmarket.ASIST2012,October2831,2012;Baltimore,MD.RetrievedApril23,2012,fromhttps://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/283.pdf
http://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttps://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/283.pdfhttps://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/283.pdfhttps://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/283.pdfhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-survey -
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WhilethesesurveysdifferfromtheNDSAsurveyinvariousways,itwouldbeinterestingtodoamorein
depthanalysisofthefindingsforcomparisonpurposes.
NEXTSTEPS
TheNDSADigitalPreservationStaffingSurveyprojectteamisplanningseveralactivitiestowrapupitswork
onthissurveyandfollowupontheinformationgathered.
Theprojectteamisencouragingreuseofthesurveyquestionsinotherenvironments.Recognizingthe
preponderanceofUnitedStatesrespondentstotheNDSAsurvey,itwouldbeworthwhiletocirculateit
amongotherpreservationcommunities,forexampleinEurope,sothattheresponsescouldbecompared.
Theprojectteamplanstorepeatthesurveyinacoupleofyearstoseeifanychangecanbedetectedas
digitalpreservationprogramsmatureandasmoreorganizationsselfidentifyasbeingengagedindigital
preservation.(TheincreasingmembershipintheNDSAitselfoverthelastyearisanindicationthatthenext
surveymayreachmoreorganizations.)
Whilerepeating
questions
exactly
will
guarantee
that
responses
to
aquestion
over
time
are
comparable,
thereareafewquestionsthattheteamwillconsiderclarifyingevenattheriskofmuddyingfuture
comparison.Forexample,thechoicesavailableinQ4todescribethetypeoforganizationsrespondingto
thesurveywereapparentlynotclearormutuallyexclusive.Anumberoforganizationschooseother
whentheteambelievedtheycouldhavechosenalistedcategory.Itmayalsobehelpfultoclarifytheintent
ofQ10aboutthescopeofdigitalpreservationinanorganization,andtherelationshipbetweenQ10and
Q11andQ12withrespecttooutsourcing.
Perhapstheteamwillalsofollowuponfunctionsthatanorganizationperforms,butthatarenot
consideredwithinthedomainofdigitalpreservationinthatorganization.Thesurveycollectedseveral
commentsfrom
respondents
indicating
that
it
was
difficult
for
them
to
answer
the
question
about
the
roles
andnumberoffulltimeequivalentstaffdoingdigitalpreservation.Somesaid,forexample,thatbecause
titlesarenotuniformlyrelatedtotasksacrossinstitutions,thesamebasicjobcouldbedonebypeoplewith
quitedifferenttitles.Similarly,ifajobwasperformedbutnotconsideredinscopeofthedigital
preservationfunction,howshouldanorganizationanswerthisquestion?
CONCLUSION
TheNDSADigitalPreservationStaffingSurveyestablishedausefulbaselinedescriptionofhow85
organizationsinvolvedindigitalpreservationin2012,mainlyintheUnitedStates,addressedstaffing,
scopingand
organizational
questions.
In
particular,
the
survey
answered
questions
about
how
institutions
definedthescopeofthedigitalpreservationfunction,organizedandhiredortrainedstaff,andconducted
theirworkinhouseorthroughoutsourcingorcollaborativerelationships.Althoughthissurveyonlyasked
abouttypesandvolumeofdigitalmaterialbeingpreservedtosetthecontextforstaffingand
organizationalquestions,thenatureofthecollectionsandtheirexpectedgrowthratearesignificant
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findingsinthemselves.Futuresurveyscanfollowuponthe2012surveytolookfortrendsovertimeasthe
fieldanddigitalpreservationprogramsmature.
REFERENCES
APARSEN(2013).D36.1BusinessPreparednessReport.RetrievedApril23,2012,from
http://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN
REP
D36_1
011_0.pdf
Engelhardt,C.,Strathmann,S.&McCadden,K.(2012).Reportandanalysisofthesurveyoftrainingneeds.
Retrieved6/8,2012,fromhttp://www.digcureducation.org/eng/Resources/Reportandanalysisonthe
trainingneedssurvey.
Kim,J.,Warga,E.,andMoenW.(2012).Digitalcurationintheacademiclibraryjobmarket.ASIST2012,
October2831,2012;Baltimore,MD.RetrievedApril23,2012,from
https://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/283.pdf
NDSAStandards
and
Practices
Working
Group
(2012).
Whos
Minding
the
(Data)
Store?
Results
of
the
NDSADigitalPreservationStaffingSurvey.PosterpresentedatiPRES2012attheUniversityofToronto
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/documents/NDSAstaffsurveyposteripres2012.pdf
NationalDigitalStewardshipAlliance(NSDA).StandardsandPracticesWorkingGroup. SurveyofStaffing
PracticesandNeedsRelatedtoDigitalPreservation,2012.ICPSR34901v1.AnnArbor,MI:Interuniversity
ConsortiumforPoliticalandSocialResearch[distributor],20131001.doi:10.3886/ICPSR34901.v1
Nelson,N.,Shaw,S.,Ghering,C.,Schmidt,L.,Belden,M.,Esposito,J.,Pyatt,T.,Deromedi,N.andShallcross,
M.(2012).SPECSurveyonManagingBornDigitalSpecialCollectionsandArchivalMaterials.RetrievedJune
8,2012,fromhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtml
Pilette,R.(2012,June6).digitalpreservationposition[Electronicmailinglistmessage]digital
[email protected]. Retrievedfromhttps://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi bin/webadmin?A2=digital
preservation;c0dea43.1206
Qualtrics.Qualtrics.com|SophisticatedResearchMadeSimple.http://www.qualtrics.com.Accessed
September26,2013.
SPSSstatisticalsoftware:http://www01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss/ .AccessedSeptember26,2013.
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admin?A2=digital-preservation;c0dea43.1206http://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttp://www.arl.org/stats/specsurveys/index.shtmlhttp://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/documents/NDSA-staff-survey-poster-ipres2012.pdfhttps://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/283.pdfhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.digcur-education.org/eng/Resources/Report-and-analysis-on-the-training-needs-surveyhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdfhttp://www.alliancepermanentaccess.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/APARSEN-REP-D36_1-01-1_0.pdf 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APPENDIXA SURVEYQUESTIONS
Q1.ThissurveywascreatedbytheStandardsandPracticesWorkingGroupoftheNationalDigital
StewardshipAlliance(NDSA).IfyouwouldliketolearnabouttheNDSA,includinghowyourinstitutioncan
becomeamember,pleaseseetheNDSAwebsite(http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/).
Thissurveyisintendedfororganizationsthatarecurrentlyresponsiblefordigitalpreservation,whether
thatresponsibility isfulfilledinhouseoroutsourcedtoacommercial,nonprofit,orconsortialprovider.It
willbeusedtounderstandcurrentandidealpracticeinstaffingdigitalpreservationprograms.
Onlyoneresponseshouldbesubmittedperorganization.
Wewillmakeourbestefforttoprotectyourindividualsurveyresponsessothatnoonewillbeableto
connectyourresponseswithyouoryourorganization.Anypersonalinformationthatcouldidentifyyouor
yourorganizationwillberemovedorchangedbeforeresultsaremadepublic.Wewillcombineyour
responseswiththeresponsesofothersandmaketheaggregatedresultspublic,andpreservethe
anonymous
data
long
term
for
research
purposes.
Pleaseemailanyquestionstondsa@loc.govwiththesubjectlineStaffingSurvey.
Allquestionsareoptionalunlessotherwisenoted.
Q2.(Required)Whatisthenameofyourorganization?
Q3.Canweincludethenameofyourorganizationinalistoforganizationsthatrespondedtothissurvey?
Knowingspecificrespondingorganizationsmaybehelpfultopeopleinterpretingthesurveyresults.
Ifyouagreetothiswewillstillmakeourbestefforttoprotectyourindividualsurveyresponsessothatno
one
will
be
able
to
connect
your
responses
with
you
or
your
organization.
Q4.(Required)Whichofthefollowingmostcloselydescribesthetypeorfunctionofyourorganization?
Q5.Inwhichcountrydoyoureside?
Q6.Howmuchonlineorofflinestoragespaceareyouusingforyourdigitalcontent,notincludingbackup
copies?
Q7.Whatdoyouexpectthepercentofgrowthtobeofyourpreserveddigitalcontentoverthenextyear?
Pleaseenteranumberrepresentingapercentage.
Q8.
Roughly
how
much
of
each
are
you
preserving
in
terms
of
number
of
files?
Q9.Doyouparticipateinanydigitalpreservationconsortialorcooperativeefforts?
Q10.Whichoftheseactivitiesareconsideredpartofthescopeofthedigitalpreservationfunctionatyour
organization,whetherornotyouhaveimplementedthisactivityyet?Checkallthatapply.
http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/ndsa/ -
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Q11.Whichoftheseactivitiesareyoucurrentlydoinginhouseand/oroutsourcing?Ifyouhavent
implementedanactivityyet,leaveitunchecked.
Q12.Whichoftheseactivitieswouldyouliketooutsource?Alsoincludeanyactivitiesthatyouarealready
outsourcingandwouldliketocontinueoutsourcing.
Q13.Isthereadedicateddigitalpreservationdepartmentwithinyourorganization?
Q14.Whichdepartment(s)taketheleadfordigitalpreservationwithinyourorganization?Ifthisisafairly
equallydistributedeffortchoosemorethanone.
Q15.Foreachofthesepositions,howmanyFTEdoyoucurrentlyhavedoingdigitalpreservationinyour
organization,andhowmanywouldbeideal?FTEstandsforFulltimeequivalent.Forexamplea1.0FTE
couldmeanonepersonfulltimeor2peoplehalftime;a0.5FTEcouldmeanonepersonhalftimeor2
peoplequartertime.Donotincludepeopledoingworkotherthandigitalpreservation.Pleaseusewhole
numbersordecimalsasappropriate.
Q16.Thewayourdigitalpreservationfunctioniscurrentlyorganized(staffinglevels,expertise,wherethey
areplaced
within
the
larger
organization)
works
well.
Q17.Forinhousestaff,didyouhireexperienceddigitalpreservationspecialistsand/orretrainexisting
staff?Checkallthatapply.
Q18.Pleaseratetheimportanceofeachoftheseitemsifyouwerehiringanewdigitalpreservation
manageratyourorganization.
Q19.Isthereanythingelseyoudliketoshareaboutthewayyouthinkaneffectivedigitalpreservation
programshouldbestaffedandorganized?
Q20.Doyouhaveorganizationalchartsorpositiondescriptionsthatyoudbewillingtoshare?Any
documentsyousharewouldprovidecontexttoyouranswersandwouldbekeptprivatetotheNDSA
StandardsandPracticesWorkingGroupunlessyougiveusexplicitpermissioninthefuturetosharemore
broadly.
Q21.Iftheyareonline,whataretheURL(s)?Iftheyarenotonline,pleaseemailthissupplementarydata
Q22.Pleaseprovideyourcontactinformationifyouarewillingtorespondtofollowupquestions.
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APPENDIXBPOSTER:IPRES2012ATTHEUNIVERSITYOFTORONTO