staad manual

MICROCADD TECHNOLOGIES

- Master Reseller of Research Engineers, Inc. forSTAAD.Pro

- Best Performing Autodesk Authorized TrainingCenter ASEAN 1999 awarded byAUTODESK in Maui, Hawaii

- ASEAN ATC (Authorized Autodesk TrainingCenter) Highest Rating Award for theyear 2000, awarded by AUTODESK inKuala Lumpur, Malaysia

- Recipient of “Best Instructor Award” for theyear 2000 by AUTODESK in Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

ESR

Acknowledgment

To all engineers, architects

To all students who participated in

our workshops

To all companies who entrusted

their staff to us for training

To Research Engineers Inc., who developedthe program

Above all,To God Almighty.

We dedicate this manual.

Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza,SM City North EDSA, Quezon City

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MAIN OFFICE: FULFILLMENT CENTERS:MICROCADD Technologies Co. http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: [email protected]

STAAD / Pro5th Level, SM ManilaManila

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TABLE OF CONTENTSDescription Page

About StaadPro ....................................................................................... 1

Hardware/System Requirements ..................................... .................... 2

Loading Staad Program ......................................................................... 3

StaadPro Screen Organization ............................................................. 4

Different Modes of Opertions ................................................................. 5

Page/Sub-page menus in Modelling Mode .......................................... 6

Different Type of Structures .................................................................... 7

Unit System .............................................................................................. 8

Coordinate System ................................................................................. 8Global Coordinate System ......................................................... 9Cylindrical Coordinate System .................................................. 9Reverse Cylindrical Coodinate System .................................... 10Local Coodinate System ............................................................ 10

Beta Angle ............................................................................................... 11

How to Create New Structure ................................................................ 13

Command Formats ................................................................................. 14

Problem Initiation and Title ..................................................................... 16

Unit Specification .................................................................................... 16

Input/Output Specification ....................................................................... 17

Joint Coordinates Specification ............................................................ 17

Defining joint node using Graphical User Interface ............................. 21

Member Incidences Specification ........................................................ 23


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Creating Geometry Using Liabrary ....................................................... 26

Importing Geometry from CAD software .............................................. 31

Editing of Model GeometryErase ............................................................................................ 32Copy ............................................................................................. 32Mirror ............................................................................................ 34Break All ...................................................................................... 35Renumber .................................................................................... 35

Display OptionsZoom ............................................................................................ 36Pan ............................................................................................... 37View Selected Members only .................................................... 37To View Tables ............................................................................ 38To View Whole Structure ............................................................ 39Orientation ................................................................................... 39Configuration of display .............................................................. 41

Group Command .................................................................................... 49

Element Incidence Specification ...................................... .................... 52

Built-in Steel Section Library ................................................................. 54

Member Property Specification............................................................. 57

Group Command .................................................................................... 49

Element Incidence Specification ...................................... .................... 52

Built-in Steel Section Library ................................................................. 54

Member Property Specification............................................................. 57Specifying Properties from steel table ...................................... 58Prismatic Property Specification ............................................... 60Prismatic Tapered Tube Property Specification........................ 61Tapered Member Specification .................................................. 61

Table of Contents


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Element Property Specification.............................................................. 66

Defining of LoadsSelfweight .................................. .................................................. 70Joint Load ................................................ .................................... 72Member Load ................. ............................................................ 72

Uniform Load ................................................................... 73Concentrated Load .......................................................... 74Linearly Varying Load ..................................................... 75Trapezoidal Load ............................................................ 76

Area / Floor Load ........................................................................ 78

Exercise Steel Truss ............................................................................... 81

Load Combination .................................................................................. 86

Global Support Specification ................................................................. 89

Analysis Specification ............................................................................ 93

Load List Command ............................................................................... 95

Parameter Specifications ...................................................................... 97

Select Optimized Command ................................................................. 99

Code Checking Command .................................................................... 100

Steel Take Off Command ....................................................................... 101

Print Specification .................................................................................. 103

Draw Specification ................................................................................. 109

Sample Input File (Steel Truss) ............................................................. 112

Tabulated Results of Steel Design ........................................................ 115

Table of Contents


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Plan of Four-Storey Commercial Bldg. ................................................. 116Load Criteria ............................................................................... 120Constants ..................................................................................... 121Member Properties .................................................................... 122Loadings ...................................................................................... 123

UBC 1997 Load Definition .................................................................... 125

Concrete Design Specification ............................................................. 127

Concrete Take Off Command ................................................................ 134

Footing Design Specification ................................................................ 136

StaadPro Toolbars .................................................................................. 151

EDP .......................................................................................................... 158

Windows .................................................................................................. 165

Table of Contents


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About STAAD.Pro

In STAAD.Pro, the focus is on productivity. STAAD.Pro addresses the entire pro-cess of Structural Engineering. From model development to analysis to designdrafting to detailing - and even component design - STAAD/Pro is designed towork the way the Structural Design Office woks.

The STAAD engine provides general-purpose structural analysis and integratedSTEEL/CONCRETE/TIMBER design.

The FEMKIT environment offers graphically oriented Finite Element modeling andverification facilities - complete with 2D/3D meshing technologies and powerfulmodel verification tools.

The Visual Draw CAD engine allows generation of Plans, Elevations, Sections anddetail drawings. Fully integrated in the STAAD/Pro environment, Visual DRAWprovides drawings generation, editing and plotting capabilities.

The STARDYNE engine provides advanced analysis facilities. Built around a comprehensive finite element library, the STARDYNE engine provides powerful Dynamic,Seismic,Non-linear, Thermal, Buckling and other advanced analysis capabilities.

The STAAD.etc is the "engineer's structural toolkit" containing various componentanalysis and design module groups including foundations, masonry, timber, steel,concrete and general analysis . As a standalone product, STAAD.etc can be usedto design small portal frames, continuous beams, footings, retaining walls, one-wayslab, connections, shear walls and much more. STAAD.etc allows the engineer tocomplete the design cycle on the primary structure by analyzing and designingseveral structural components or accessories within the STAAD.Pro environmentusing STAAD.Pro's results database.


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Hardware Requirements

The following requirements are suggested minimums. Systems with increasedcapacity provide enhanced performance.· PC with Intel-Pentium / AMD processor.· Graphics card and monitor with 1024x768 resolution, 256 color display (16

bit high color recommended).· 64 MB RAM or higher.· Windows 95/ NT 4.0 or higher operating system. The software is capable of

running in Windows NT 3.51, but, due to system limitations, some of thefeatures, such as Animation, may be disabled.

· Sufficient free space on the hard disk to hold the program and data files. Thedisk space requirement will vary depending on the modules you are installing. A typical minimum is 200MB to 300MB free space.

· A multi-media ready system with sound card and speakers is needed to runthe tutorial movies and slide shows.

Note: Additional RAM, disk space, and video memory will enhance the performanceof STAAD.Pro.

Starting with STAAD.Pro Version 2001, the size of structures that the program canhandle has been increased significantly. As a result of this, the minimum amount of physical +virtual memory required by the program also has increased to over 200MB. Users may needto ensure that adequate amounts of virtual memory are available, and in Windows NT and2000 systems, parameters such as paging file sizes should be large enough or span overmultiple drives if the free space on any one drive runs low.

Another issue to keep in mind is the location of the “TEMP” parameter as in the “SETTEMP” environment variable in Windows NT and 2000 systems. While performing calcula-tions, depending on the structure size, the program may create gigantic scratch files whichare placed in the folder location associated with the “TEMP” parameter. Users may wish topoint the “SET TEMP” variable to a folder on a drive that has disk space sufficiently large toaccommodate the requirements for large size structures.

Note: The user must have a basic familiarity with Microsoft Windows 95/NT systemsin order to use the STAAD.Pro software.


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Loading STAAD/Pro

STAAD/Pro Opening Window


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The STAAD/Pro Screen OrganizationMenu bar

Toolbar

Main Window

Data Area

Menu barLocated at the top of the screen, the Menu bar gives access to all the facilities of STAAD/Pro.

ToolbarThe dockable Toolbar gives access to the most frequently used commands. You may also createyour own customized toolbar.

Main WindowThis is the largest area at the center of the screen, where the model and the results are displayed.

Page Control

The Page Control is a set of tabs that appear to the left of the Main Window. There are two rows oftabs for accessing Pages and Subpages. Each Pag allows access to certain Subpages. Each Subpageallows you to perform specific tasks. The organization of the Pages, from top to bottom, representthe logical sequence of the operations, for example, definition of beams, specification of memberproperties, loading, and so on.

Each "Page" tab has a name and an icon for easy identification. The name on the tabs may or maynot appear depending on your screen resolution and the size of the STAAD/Pro window. However,the icons on the Page Control tabs always appear.

The Pages in the Page Control area depend on the Mode of operation. The Mode of operation may besent from the Mode menu from the Menu bar.

Page Control

Sub-page Control


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Data AreaThe right part of the screen is called Data Area, where different dialog boxes, tables, list boxes,etc

appear depending on the type of operation you are performing. For example, when you select theGeometry|Beam Page, the Data Area contains the Node-Coordinate table and the Member- Incidence table.When you are in the General | Load Page, the contents of the Data Area changes to display the currentlyassigned Load cases and the Load Specification dialog box.

Notes:1. Note that the tables and other dialog boxes in the Data Area are physically seperate windows. In other

words, you may move the Beam table or the Node table from their usual right corner position. If you need to seemore of the Main Window, simply maximize it. You may still access the data tables by using the Window menu fromthe Menu bar.

2. The icons in the toolbar as well as in the Page Control area offer Tooltip help. If you are not sure what aparticular icon represents, simply move your mouse on top of icon and wait a moment. A floating Tooltip help willidentify the icon.

3. The STAAD/Pro menu items are not "Page"-dependent. This means that you may access any menu item atany point in time. For example, in the Geometry | Beam Page, you may select menu command sequence Commands|Material Constants | Material Table... to edit a material table. Similarly, the toolbar items are also independentof the Page.

The "Mode" of OperationSTAAD/Pro offers you several "Modes" of operation. These modes may be accessed through the Mode

menu from the Menu bar. The tabbed items in the Page Control area change depending on the current Mode.A check mark beside the menu item indicates that the specific menu item is selected.

ModelingIn the Modeling(Pre-processing) mode, you generate your model geometry, specify loads, supports,and so on. By default, when the program starts or a structure is opened, you always in the Modelingmode.

Post ProcessingThe Post Processing mode allows you to perform post-analysis result verification, query, reportgeneration, so on.

PipingThe Piping mode allows ADLPIPE geometry to be viewed along with structure geometry in theSTAAD/Pro Graphical Environment.

The Modeling ModeThe Modeling Mode offers graphical facilities for building the model, specifying Memberproperties, Supports, Loads, etc. This is the default Mode in STAAD/Pro.


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The Pages in the Modeling Mode

Page

Sub-Page Purpose

Setup Job Specify job-related information such as jobname, client name, revision details, etc.

Geometry Beam Specify Frame members along withNodes.Use grids to generate members graphically.Use tables to specify Node Coordinates,Member incidences, Member orientation(Beta Angle) etc.

PlateSpecify Plate elements along with nodes.Use grids to generate elements graphically.Use tables to specify Node Coordinates andElement incidences.

SolidSpecify solid elements. Use grids togenerate elements graphically. Use tablesto specify Node Coordinates and Elementincidences.

General PropertySpecify Member Properties, such assections, materials, etc. Properties areidentified by Property Numbers, which arereferred to in the Beam Plate, and Solidtables in the respective pages.

Spec Advanced member related specifications,such as Member Releases, Tension-onlymembers, etc.

Support Create and assign Supports with re-strained DOF's.

Load Specify Loads on Structure.

Pre-print Defines items to be included in the Outputfile before analysisAnalysis/

PrintAnalysis Specifies the type of STAAD/Pro analysis

to be performed.

Post-Print Specifies items to be included in theOutput file after analysis

SteelConcreteTimberAluminumFooting

Specifies Design related parameters forcorresponding type of design.

Design

Sub-Page


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TYPE OF STRUCTURESA Structure is defined as an assemblage of components or elements. Almost any type ofstructure can be analyzed consisting of both frame and plate/shell elements.

SPACE - is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied in any plane.

PLANE - is a structure bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the same plane.

FLOOR - is a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal (global X and Z) appliedloads or any load which may cause any horizontal movement of the structure. The floor framing(in global X-Z plane) of a building is an ideal example of FLOOR structure. Columns can also bemodeled with the floor in FLOOR structure as long as the structure has no horizontal loading. Ifthere is any horizontal load, it must be analyzed as a SPACE structure.

TRUSS (2D or 3D)- is a structure consists of truss members which can have only axial memberforces and no bending in the members.

Note:Specification of the correct structure type reduces the number of equations to be solved

during analysis. The results is a faster and more economic solution for the user. The degree offreedom associated with frame elements of different types of structures below.


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UNIT SYSTEM

(EQUIVALENT ICON)

The user is allowed to input data and request output in almost all commonly usedengineering unit systems including MKS, SI and FPS. In input file, the user may changeunits as many times as required. Mix and match between length and force units fromdifferent unit systems is also allowed. The input-unit for angles (or rotations) is de-grees. However, in JOINT DISPLACEMENT output, the rotations are provided in radi-ans. For all output, the units are clearly specified by the program.

STRUCTURE GEOMETRY AND COORDINATE SYSTEM

A structure is an assembly of individual components such as beams, columns, slabs,plates etc.. In STAAD, frame elements and plate elements may be used to model thestructural components. Typically, modeling of the structure geometry consists of twosteps:

A. Identification and description of joints or nodes.

B. Modeling of members or elements through specification of connectivity (inci-dences) between joints

In general, the term MEMBER will be used to refer to frame elements and termELEMENT will be used to refer to plate/shell and solid elements. Connectivity forMEMBERs may be provided through the ELEMENT INCIDENCE command.

STAAD uses two types of coordinate systems to define the structure geometry andloading patterns. The GLOBAL coordinate system is an arbitrary coordinate system inspace which utilized to specify the overall geometry & loading pattern of the structure.A LOCAL coordinate system is associated with each member ( or element) and isutilized in MEMBER END FORCE output or local load specification.


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Conventional Cartesian Coordinate SystemThis coordinate system is a rectangular coordinate system ( X, Y , Z ) which followsthe orthogonal right hand rule. This coordinate system may be used to define thejoint locations and loading directions. The translational degrees of freedom aredenoted by u1, u2, u3 and the rotational degrees of freedom are denoted by u4,u5& u6.

Cylindrical Coordinate SystemIn this coordinate system, the X and Y coordinates of the conventional cartesiansystem are replaced by R (radius) and 0 (angle in degrees). The Z coordinate isidentical to the Z coordinate of the cartesian system and its positive direction isdetermined by the right hand rule.

Global Coordinate System

The Right hand rule

X

ZY


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Reverse Cylindrical Coordinate SystemThis is a cylindrical type coordinate system where the R-O plane corresponds to theX-Z plane of the cartesian system. The right hand rule is followed to determine thepositive direction of the Y-axis.

Local Coordinate SystemA local coordinate system is associated with each member. Each axis of the localorthogonal coordinate system is also based on the right hand rule.The right handrule may be applied to obtain the positive directions of the local y and z axes. Thelocal y and z-axes coincide with the axes of the two principal moments of inertia.Note that the local coordinate system is always rectangular.

Local axis for different cross-sections


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Relationship Between Global & Local CoordinatesSince the input for member loads can be provided in the local and global coordinatesystem and the output for member-end-forces is printed in the local coordinatesystem, it is important to know the relationship between the local and global coordi-nate systems. This relationship is defined by an angle measured in the followingspecified way. This angle will be defined as the beta (βββββ) angle.

Beta AngleWhen the local x-axis is parallel to the global Y-axis, as in the case of a column in astructure, the beta angle is the angle through which the local z-axis has been rotatedabout the local x-axis from a position of being parallel and in the same positive direc-tion of the global Z-axis.

When the local x-axis is not parallel to the global Y-axis, the beta angle is the anglethrough which the local coordinate system has been rotated about the local x-axisfrom a position of having the local z-axis parallel to the global X-Z plane and the localy-axis in the same positive direction as the global Y-axis. Figure below details theposition for beta angles 0 degrees or 90 degrees. When providing member loads inthe local member axis, it is helpful to refer to this figure for a quick determination ofthe local axis system.


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Exercise

Define the beta angle


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Creating a New StructureSTEP 1. To create new structure, first click File

menu then New

STEP 2. A dialog box will appear as shown belowto select type of structure then click Next

STEP 3. Select the unit for length and force. You may click Back if youwish to go back to previous dialog box.

STEP 4. Click Finish.


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Command FormatsA. Free-Format Input

All input to STAAD Pro is in free-format style. Input data items should be separated by blank spacesor commas from the other input data items. Quotation marks are never needed to separate anyalphabetic words such as data commands or titles.

B. Commenting InputFor documentation of a STAAD Pro data file, the facility to provide comments is available. Commentscan be included by providing an asterisk (*) mark as the first non-blank character in any line. Theline with the comment is "echoed" in the output file but not processed by the program.

Example:JOINT COORDINATES * coordinate of each node ( this is only a comment line)1 0 0 0etc.

C. Meaning of Underlining in the ManualMany words in the commands and data may be abbreviated. The full word intended is given in thecommand description with the portion actually required (the abbreviation ) underlined.For example, if the word MEMBER is used in a command, only the portion MEMB need be input. It isclearer for others reading the output if the entire word is used, but an experience user may desireto use the abbreviations.

D. Meaning of Braces and ParenthesisIn some command formats, braces enclose a number of choices, which are arranged vertically. Oneand only one of the choices can be selected. However, several of the listed choices may be selectedif an asterisk(*) mark is located outside the braces.

Example:

{XYXYXYXYXYYZYZYZYZYZXZXZXZXZXZ }

In the above example, the user must make a choice of XY or YZ or XZ.

{FXFXFXFXFXFYFYFYFYFYFZFZFZFZFZ }

*****Example:

Here the user can choose one or all of the listing (FX, FY, FZ) in any order. Parentheses, ( ) ,enclosing a portion of a command indicate that the enclosed portion is optional. The presence orabsence of this portion affects the meaning of the command, as is explained in the description of theparticular command.

Example:PRINT (MEMBER) FORCESPERFORM ANALYSIS (PRINT LOAD DATA)

In the first line, the word MEMBER may be omitted with no change of the meaning of the command.

PRINT LOAD DATA

these words can be omitted, in which case the load data will not be printed


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E. Multiple Data SeparatorMultiple data can be provided on a single line, if they are separated by a semicolon (;) character.One restriction is that consecutive commands can not be separated by a semicolon. They mustappear on separate lines.

Example:MEMBER INCIDENCES1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4etc.

INCORRECTPRINT FORCES; PRINT STRESSES

In the above case, only the PRINT FORCES comand is processed and the PRINT STRESSES is ignored

F. Listing DataIn some STAAD command descriptions, the word "list" is used to identify a list of joints, members/elements or loading cases. The format of a list can be defined as follows

list = *{iiiii1,i,i,i,i,i2,i,i,i,i,i3,...,...,...,...,...

iiiii1 TO TO TO TO TO i i i i i

2 (BY i (BY i (BY i (BY i (BY i

3)))))

XXXXX or Y or Z }TO means all integers from the list (i1) to the second (i2) inclusive. BY means that the numbers areincremented by an amount equal to the third data item (i3). If BY i3 is omitted, the increment willbe set to one. Sometimes the list may be too long to fit on one line, in which case the list may becontinued to the next line by providing a hyphen preceded by a blank. Also note that only a list maybe continued and not only other type of data.Only lists may be continued to the next line by ending the line with a blank and hyphen with fewexceptions: Multilinear spring supports, Supports, Master/Slave. Others have special types ofcontinuations.

Instead of a numerical list, the specification X (or Y or Z) may be used. This specification willinclude all MEMBERs parallel to the global direction specified. Note that this is not applicable toJOINTs or ELEMENTs. Do not use "ALL" unless the documentation for a command specifially mentionsALL.

EXAMPLE:2 4 7 TO 13 BY 2 19 TO 22-28 31 TO 33 FX 10.0This list of items is the same as:

2 4 7 9 11 13 19 21 28 31 32 33 FX 10.0POSSIBLE ERROR:

3 5 TO 9 11 15 -FX 10.0


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Problem Initiation And TitlePurpose

This command initiates the STAAD run, allows the user the specify the type of the structureand an optional title.

General format:

{PLAPLAPLAPLAPLANENENENENESPASPASPASPASPACECECECECETRUTRUTRUTRUTRUSSSSSSSSSS}STAAD

FLOFLOFLOFLOFLOOROROROROR

(any title a1)

DescriptionAny STAAD input has to start with the word STAAD. Following type specifications areavailable:

PLANE = Plane frame structureSPACE = Space frame structureTRUSS = Plane or space truss structureFLOOR = Floor structure

a1= Any title for the problem. This title will appear on the top of every output page. To includeadditional information in the page header, use a comment line containing the pertinent informationas the second line of input

Limits1) Joint numbers: 1 to 9999992) Number of Joints 100000*3) Membe/Element numbers: 1 to 9999994) Number of Members & Elements: 100000*5) Load Case numbers: 1 to 999996) Number of primary

& combination cases 500

* Some STAAD copies are available with much smaller limits, please check what limits you have purchased.

Unit SpecificationPurpose

This command allows the user to specify or change length and force units for input andoutput.

General format:

{length-unit

force-unitUNIUNIUNIUNIUNITTTTT }*

length-unit= INCINCINCINCINCHESHESHESHESHESFEEFEEFEEFEEFEET or T or T or T or T or FTFTFTFTFTC MC MC MC MC MMETMETMETMETMETERERERERERM M SM M SM M SM M SM M SD M ED M ED M ED M ED M EK MK MK MK MK M

{ }force-unit= KIPKIPKIPKIPKIP

POUPOUPOUPOUPOU NDNDNDNDNDK GK GK GK GK GM T O NM T O NM T O NM T O NM T O NN E WN E WN E WN E WN E W T O NT O NT O NT O NT O NKNSKNSKNSKNSKNSM N SM N SM N SM N SM N SDNSDNSDNSDNSDNS

{ }Note:

DME denotes Decimeters. MNS denotes mega Newtons (1000 Newtons)and DNS denotes DecaNewtons (10 newtons). MTON denotes Metric Ton (1000 kilograms)


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Input/Output Width SpecificationPurpose

These commands may be used to specify the width(s) of the lines of output file(s).General format:

{INPINPINPINPINPUTUTUTUTUT

OUTOUTOUTOUTOUTPUTPUTPUTPUTPUT}WIDTH i1

For OUTPUT WIDTH,i1 = 72 or 118 depending on narrow or wide output.

DescriptionThe user may specify the required input/output width, as required, using this command. For INPUTwidth, 79 is always used. The program can create output using two different output widths - 72(default) and 118. The 72-character width may be used for display on most CRT's and for printingon 8-1/2" wide paper. The 118-character width may be used for printing on 11" wide paper.

Joint Coordinates SpecificationPurpose

These commands allow the user to specify and generate the coordinates of the JOINTs ofthe structure. The JOINT COORDINATES command initiates the specification of the coordinates. The REPEAT and REPEAT ALL command allow easy generation of coordinates usingrepetitive patterns.

General format:

JOINT COORDINATES (CYLINDRICAL (REVERSE)) (NOCHECK)band-spec i1,x1,y1,z1,(i2,x2,y2,z2,i3)

REPEAT n,x1,y1,z1, (xi2,yi2,zi2,....,xin,yin,zin)

REPEAT ALL n,x1,y1,z1, (xi2,yi2,zi2,....,xin,yin,zin)

band-spec = (NOREDUCE BAND)NOCHECK = Do not perform check for multiple structures or orphan joints

The command JOINT COORDINATES specifies a Cartesian Coordinate System. Joints are defined usingthe global X, Y and Z coordinates. The command JOINT COORDINATES CYLINDRICAL specifies a Cylindri-cal Coordinate System. Joints are defined using r, θ and z coordinates. JOINT COORDINATES CYLINDRICALREVERSE specifies a Reverse Cylindrical Coordinate system. Joints are defined using r, θ and y coordinates.NOREDUCE BAND causes the program to execute without performing a bandwidth reduction. The REPEATcommand causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n' number of times with specified coordinateincrements. The REPEAT ALL command functions similar to the REPEAT command except that it repeats allpreviously specified input back to the most recent REPEAT ALL command, or all joint data if no previousREPEAT ALL command has been given. (When using the REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands, joint number-ing must be consecutive and should begin with 1).


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* i1 = The joint number for which the coordinate are provided. Any integer number (fivedigit max.) is permitted.

x1, y1 and z1 = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z for cylindrical or R, Y & θ for cylindrical reverse) coordinates ofthe joint.

For PLANE analyses z1 is an optional data item when defining input for individual joints. z1 is alwaysrequired for joint generation. The following are used only if joints are to be generated.

* i2 = The second joint number to which the joint coordinates are generated.

x2, y2 and z2 = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z for cylindrical or R, Y & θ for cylindrical reverse) coordinates ofthe joint i2.

i3 = Joint number increment by which the generated joints will be incremented. Defaultsto 1 if left out.

n = Number of times repeat is to be carried out. Note that "n" cannot exceed 98 in anyone single REPEAT command

xik, yik and zik = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z [R, Y & θ ] ) coordinates increments of the k th repeat.

The X, Y and Z (R, θ & Z [R, Y & θ ] ) coordinates will be equally spaced between i1 and i2.

* Note that the REPEAT command uses the highest joint number entered so far plus one for the intermediategenerated joint numbers.

EXAMPLE

1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9 10

12 13 14 15

6

11

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

1211109

13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22

1 2 3 4

8765

4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

6.00

6.00

member numberjoint no.

elementno.

n = JOINT NO.

n = MEMBER NO.

n = ELEMENT NO.

0,0,0Z

X

Note:Member - columns, beams, girdersElement - slabs, retaining walls


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STAAD SPACE Sample joint coordinatesINPUT WIDTH 72UNIT METER KNSJOINT COORDINATES* jt no. x y z1 0 0 02 4 0 03 8 0 04 12 0 05 16 0 06 0 0 67 4 0 6..........

STA SPA Sample joint coordinatesINP WID 72UNI MET KNSJOI COO1 0 0 0; 2 4 0 0; 3 8 0 04 12 0 0; 5 16 0 0; 6 0 0 67 4 0 6; ......

EXERCISE:

Define the joint coordinates of the structure below.

orit could rewrite as:

JOINT COORDINATES1 0 0 0 5 16 0 0REPEAT 2 0 0 6


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STEP 1. Assign joint number for every joint

12

34

56

12 13 14 15 16

78

910

17 18 19 2011

STEP 2. Create a new structure from File menu.

or click the equivalent icon

Specify type of structure, and units

STEP 3. Save the structure file first before you invoke the Command file editor.STEP 4. You can now click Editor icon.

STEP 5. Type in the joint coordinates.

STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSSSTART JOB INFORMATIONENGINEER DATE 10-May-01END JOB INFORMATIONINPUT WIDTH 79UNIT METER KNJOINT COORDINATES1 0 0 0; 2 1.5 0.4 0; 3 3 0.8 0; 4 4.5 1.2 0; 5 6 1.6 0; 6 7.5 2 0; 7 9 1.6 0;8 10.5 1.2 0; 9 12 0.8 0; 10 13.5 0.4 0; 11 15 0 0; 12 1.5 0 0; 13 3 0 0;14 4.5 0 0; 15 6 0 0; 16 7.5 0 0; 17 9 0 0; 18 10.5 0 0; 19 12 0 0;20 13.5 0 0FINISH

STEP 6. Save the input file then exit. (back to graphical environment)


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DEFINING JOINT NODE USING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACESteps:

1. Create a new structure.2. Click Snap/Node Beam icon Note: You may change the view for a better view(top view).

15 m @ 1.5 spacing(15/1.5=10)1.5m

[email protected]=(2/0.4=5)

0.400.400.400.400.40

3. Define the parameters in Snap Node Beam window

under Construction lineSpacing mX(Left =0 Right=10) 1.5Y(Left = 0 Right=5 ) 0.4

Snap Node Beam is pressed

4. You can now start defining the node by pressing the left button of your mouse. Start @ node #1 up to 11. Once you are at node 11 pick node #1. Click Undo to undo the last node. Click again node 1 then continue defining up to node #20.

Make sure that before you select again node 1, Snap to existingnodes too is selected.

5. Save your File(TRUSS).

Note: To display node number & node points. Press right click then select Labels...


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Editing the Node GeometryYou can edit the coordinate of each node,

By displaying node coordinates.Step: Click Geometry under Page Control. On the right side of the screen, a window will

display for node coordinates. You can edit the coordinate of each node by selecting the nodenumber you want to edit. You can also use the window to verify the to where the node islocated by selecting the node no. on the node window and the program will highlight thenode on the graphical window.

Editing the node coodinates using Command Editor.


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PurposeThis set of commands is used to specify MEMBERs by defining connectivity betweenJOINTs. REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands are available to facilitate generation of repeti-tive patterns.The member/element incidences must be defined such that the model developed representsone single structure only, not two or more separate structures. STAAD is capable of detect-ing multiple structures automatically.

General format:MEMBER INCIDENCESi1,i2, i3,(i4, i5,i6)REPEAT n, mi , jiREPEAT ALL n, mi , ji

Member Incidences Specification

DescriptionThe REPEAT command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n'

number of times with specified member and joint increments. The REPEAT ALL com-mand functions similar to the REPEAT command except that it repeats all previouslyspecified input back to the most recent REPEAT ALL command or to the beginning ofthe specification. (When using REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands, member numbering must be consecutive)

i1 = Member number for which incidences are provided. Any integer number(maximum six digits ) is permitted

i2 = Start joint number.i3 = End joint number.

The following data are used for member generation only.

i4 = Second member number to which members will be generatedi5 = Member number increment for generationi6 = Joint number increment which will be added to the incident joints. (i5 and i6

will default to 1 if left out)n = Number of times repeat is to be carried outmi = Member number incrementji = Joint number increment.


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1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9 10

12 13 14 15

6

11

2 3 4

5 6 7 8

1211109

13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22

4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

6.00

6.00

member numberstarting joint

0,0,0Z

X

Example

1MEMBER INCIDENCES* MEMB. ST. END* NO. JT. JT.1 1 22 2 33 3 44 4 5

5 6 76 7 87 8 98 9 109 11 1210 12 1311 13 1412 14 1513 1 6

.......22 10 15

12

3

4

5

6

12 13 14 15 16

7

8

9

10

17 18 19 2011

1

starting joint

ending joint

MEMBER NO.

EXERCISE:Define the members of the previous exercise.

23

4

5 67

89

10

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

2021

1322

14

23 15

2416

2517

26 1827

11

12

19

ending joint


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STEP 1. Open your file with node coordinates(TRUSS)STEP 2. Click STAAD Editor icon.

STEP 3. Include the MEMBER INCIDENCES in the editor.STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSSSTART JOB INFORMATIONENGINEER DATE ...END JOB INFORMATIONINPUT WIDTH 79UNIT METER KNJOINT COORDINATES.....MEMBER INCIDENCES1 1 22 2 33 3 44 4 5

5 5 6 6 6 7

7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 2 12 12 3 13

13 4 1414 5 1515 6 1616 7 1717 8 1818 9 1919 10 2020 2 1321 3 1422 4 1523 5 1624 7 1625 8 1726 9 1827 10 1928 1 1229 12 1330 13 1431 14 1532 15 1633 16 1734 17 1835 18 1936 19 2037 20 11

FINISH

STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSSSTART JOB INFORMATIONENGINEER DATE ...END JOB INFORMATIONINPUT WIDTH 79UNIT METER KNJOINT COORDINATES.....MEMBER INCIDENCES1 1 2 10 1 1

joint number increment member no. increment

member no

11 2 12 19 1 1 can be omitted20 2 13 23 1 124 7 16 27 1 128 1 1229 12 13 36 1 137 20 11

FINISH

ALTERNATIVE:


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Creating Geometry using LibrarySTEP 1. Create new structure file.

STEP 2. Click Geometry (menu) then Run Structure Wizard.

STEP 3. Click the plus(+) beside Prototype Modelsto collapse the options

STEP 4. Click the plus(+) beside Trussesto collapse the options

STEP 5. Double click the name of the trussyou want to create. (HOWE ROOF)

PRATT

HOWE BRIDGE

HOWE ROOF

LATTICE

WARREN

NORTH LIGHT


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STEP 5. Before you define the parameter, you may change the unit of input (i.e. meter). Click File (menu),then Select unit option. After parameter has been definedclick OK to tranfers the geometry to the STAAD Pro.

1st bay along width2nd

3rd

width

length

height

Length = 15 No. of bays along length = 10Height = 2Width = 0 No. of bays along width = 0

note: unit (meter)


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EXERCISECreate a model for the structure below.

STEP 1. Create new structure file then Save.

STEP 2. Define preliminary joints. Use Command File editor. Click editor icon.

1

2

3

4

5

STAAD TRUSSSTART JOB INFORMATIONENGINEER DATE 22-May-01END JOB INFORMATIONINPUT WIDTH 79UNIT METER KNJOINT COORDINATES1 0 0 0; 2 0 .4 0 ; 33.5 1.5 0

4 7 .4 0; 5 7 0 0FINISH

Note: Save your input file.

STEP 3. Click Add beam icon. Once the beam pointer is displayed, you can startclicking the node in sequence you want.

STEP 4. Click Insert node icon.

click this member

Click the member you want to add node.


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starting joint

ending joint

OPTIONS:

- to insert node from starting joint with specific distance

Example

starting joint ending jointjoint to beadded1.5m

Step 1. Type in the distance you need in Distance box.(Note: Reference pt. is always at the starting joint)

2. After defining the distance, click the Add New Point button.Note: You can repeat the procedure to insert more nodes.

- to insert node at the middle of the entire length of the se-lected member,thus, creating two equal length of segment

Example

starting joint ending joint

joint to beadded

L/2 L/2

L


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- to insert nodes with equal distance

Example

starting joint ending joint

joints to be added

1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75

1. Define thedistance

STEPS:

2. Specify theno. ofnodes to beadded

3. Click the Add nPoints button

Note: Follow the same procedure as mentioned in the previous pages to completethe model.


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Importing Geometry from CAD SoftwareIn AutoCAD, apply the command DXFOUT, then define a filename.

1. In STAAD, click File(top menu), select Import option

2. Select the type of file format(3D DXF), then click Import

4. Choose the Structure Convention then OK.

3. Select the file, then click Open

Note: Convention of axis in STAAD is differentfrom the other program(i.e. AUTOCAD)

XY

Z

XZ

Y

AUTOCAD STAAD


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Editing of Model GeometryERASE - to delete node or member

Steps:1. Select the member/node you want to delete.

1.1 Use node cursor to select the node.

1.2 Use geometry cursor to select the member.

Note: You can even select the member/node by applyingwindow selection.

2. After selecting node/member, you may press Delete key or clickCut icon.

COPYTranslational Repeat

-allows you to copy (or repeat) the entire structure or a portion ofthe structure in a linear direction. You may generate one or severalcopies of the selected structure.

Steps:1. Select the members you want to copy.

2. Click the Translational repeat or click Geometry(menu)

3. Specify the parameter in the dialog box then click ok.

a

b

Result:

B

A


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Options:

Result:

Global DirectionChoose any one of the three possible global directions along which the structureshould be copied.

No of StepsSpecify the number of copies you want.

Default Step SpacingType the default spacing between steps (or copies) in the edit box in current lengthunits.

Step Spacing tableThis table consists of two columns: Step and Spacing. You may change the spacingof any step in this table.

Link Steps/ Open BaseIf you want to automatically connect the Steps or copies by new members, along thespecified global directions, check the Link Steps check box. To avoid joining the base


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MIRROR- allows you to copy or move the entire structure or a portion of it by “mirroring”about any plane parallel to one of the three global Cartesian planes.

Example: Result:

Steps:1. Select the members you want to duplicate.2. Define the parameters in the dialog box.

Options:Mirror Plane Direction

Choose one of the three global planes to mirror the selected geometryabout.

Distance to OriginProvide the normal distance of the plane of reflection from the origin.

Generate ModeSelect either the Copy or Move radio button. The Copy option generatesnew geometry, and the Move option changes the coordinates of theselected geometry.


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Break All (Geometry -top menu)This option allows you to break intersecting members, creating a new node at theintersection.

Note:When you choose the Break All menu item after selecting part or all geometry,members are split and nodes are inserted where members cross. The original membersare split with automatic generation of node and member numbers, member propertiesand loads.

Step:1. Select the geometry.2. Click Geometry(top menu),

click Break All option.

A

B

node added afterBREAK ALL command

RENUMBER (top menu)The Renumber menu item allows you to renumber selected nodes, members orelements starting with a specified number.

* NodeGeometry | Renumber | Nodes… is used to renumber selected nodes, starting with aspecified node number.

* BeamGeometry | Renumber | Members… is used to renumber selected beams, starting witha speci fied beam number.

* PlatesGeometry | Renumber | Plates… is used to renumber selected plate elements, startingwith a specified plate element number.

* SolidsGeometry | Renumber | Solids… is used to renumber selected solid elements, startingwith a specified solid element number.


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The Zoom menu option offers a set of sub-menu options asshown below

Zoom WindowThe Zoom window option allows you to enlarge portion of thestructure, chosen by window selection. The selected portionnow fills the entire view window.

The basic difference between Zoom Window and Dynamic Zoom is thatthe latter portion creates a new view window, while the Zoom Windowoption displays the selected portion in the same window.

Zoom FactorThe Zoom Factor option allows you to magnify or reduce the current view by a factor, which is pro-vided in the Enter Factor spin box as shown below. Enter a factor greater than 1 to magnify, enter afraction less than 1 to reduce.

Zoom InThe Zoom In option magnifies or enlarges the structure view by a pre-defined factor.

Zoom OutThe Zoom Out option reduces or shrinks the structure view by a pre-defined factor.

Zoom AllThe Zoom All option displays the entire structure in the current view window.

Dynamic ZoomThe Dynamic Zoom allows you to enlarge a portion of the structure chosen by window selection. The selected portion appears in a new view window.

PreviousThe Previous option allows you to restore to the view associated with the previous zoom factor.

View | ZoomDISPLAY OPTIONS


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View | PanThis option allows you to pan (slide or shift) the structure in the current view window in any direction.Description:

When you select this menu option, a hand cursor appears. Click the left mouse button and dragthe structure to a new position in the view window. Release the mouse to finish. Click on this menuoption again to cancel the Pan mode.

View | View Selected Objects OnlyThe purpose of this optin is to view only the selected members and elements and hide the rest of thestructure.

Description:Before you select this menu option, select the members, plates and solids you want to view. You

may need t select the appropriate cursor using the Select menu for selecting the structural elements.Next Click on this menu item. Only the highlighted objects are now displayed in the view window.

1. Click Point A & B

B

A

2. Click View(menu)|ViewSelected objects

3. To restore the entrire view of the structure.click View(menu)|View Selected objectsagain.


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View | TablesThis option allows you to display and close different tables, such as Node coordinates, Beamincideneces, Node displacements, etc.Description:

When you select this menu option, the following dialog box appears:

TablesCheck the associated boxes for the tables you want to display. For the currently displayed tables, theboxes would automatically checked. To close a table, leave the associated box blank.

ListThese check boxes control which tables are displayed in the Tables list. To display the list of availableinput related tables, check Analysis Input box. To display the output related tables, check the AnalysisResults box.Example of Table(Node)


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View | Whole Structure

This option allows you to create a new view window containing the entire structure.Description:

When you click on this option, the program opens a new view window showing the wholestructure. Multiple view windows of the same structure may be created for displaying different por-tions of the model or for verifying post-analysis results.

View | Orientation

The purpose of this option is to modify the view orientation of the structure, such as Plan view,Elevation view, Perspective viewDescription:

When you click on this option, the following dialog box appears.


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IsometricThis option allows you to display the structure in default isometric view (with 70 degree Elevation angleand 330 degree Rotation Angle).

Isometric (Side View) Isometric (Front View)

Isometric (Plan View)

PerspectivesThis option allows you to display the perspective view of the structure. The viewing distance and anglescan be changed by changing one of the three options - Distance to Structure, Elevation Angle, RotationAngle.

Isometric (3D View)

Distance to StructureThis value indicates the distance of the eye (or camera) from the structure in the perspective view.You may enter this value or use the spin control to increase or decrease the current value.

Elevation AngleThis value indicates the rotation angle of the eye about an axis, which is lying horizontal on thescreen and passing through the center of the screen. You may enter this value or use the spincontrol to increase or decrease the current value.s


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Rotation AngleThis value indicates the rotational angle of the eye about an axis, which is lying vertical on the screenand passing through the center of the screen. You may enter this value or use the spin control toincrease or decrease the current value.

Default Orientation ToThe orientation of the structure may be set to a view defined by one of these four options.

Apply ImmediatelyAny changes made through the Orientation dialog box may be immediately reflected in thecurrent view by checking this box.

RestoreUse this button for restoring the original view.

ApplyUse this button for applying the view orientation data in the current view.

View | Structure DiagramThis option allows you to customize the view of the structure by setting different view-related param-eters.

Description:When you click on this option, the following dialog box appears:


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StructureThe Structure tab page allows you to set up structural view parameters as explained below:

3D SectionsThe buttons in this group control how the members are displayed.

NoneDisplays the structure without considering the cross-sectional properties of the mem-

bers and elementsFull Sections

Displays the 3D cross-sections of members, depending on the member propertiesSections Outline

Displays only the outline of the cross-sections of membersView

The check box in this group allow additional view-related operations on the structure.Fill Plates/Solids

Fills up the plate and solid elements, if presentHide Plates/Solids

Hides all plate and solid elements from the viewHide Structure

Hides the entire structure from view. This option may be used to switch off the original structureview while displaying the deflected shape of the structure or the module shapes.

Show Center LinesDiplays the centerlines of the members

ShrinkDisplays the individual structural elements detached from each other and helps to view their

connec tivity. The individual members are not drawn to full length or full width butshrunk by a percentage provided in the associated edit box.Perspective

Change current view to perspectiveMargin around Structure

Represents the blank margin around the structure in percentage of the total view window. Thisoption has the same effect as Zoom-in or Zoom-out

Loads and ResultsThe Loads and Results tab, allows you to select the Load Case and the associated analysis results

for viewing.


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Load CaseAllows you to select the load casenumber for which the results wouldbe displayed.

LoadsAllows you to display and change thecolor of applied loads (Direct or Moment) onthe structure for the selected Load Case.

Beam ForcesAllows you to display different endforces on the structure for the selectedLoad Case. Also offers control of the color ofthese force diagrams.

DeflectionAllows you to display and change thecolor of the displacement diagram.

Mode ShapeAllows you to display and change thecolor of the mode shape diagram andselect Mode Shape number.

ScalesThe Scales tab, allows you to specifythe scales for plotting the different dia-grams as shown below. Note: a largerscale number causes the diagram toshrink and a smaller scale number en-larges the diagram.


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LabelsThe Labels tab, allows you to select various displaylabels for different components of the structure.

NodesThe Node Numbers option displays the node

numbers on screen.The Node Points option identifies the nodes

with a small circle.The Supports option displays the support

icons at the nodes.The Dimension option displays the member

lengths in current unitsProperties

The References option displays the PropertyTag number of the member/element properties.Sections displays the section name (such as

W12x26).None removes the display of property information.

GeneralIf loads are displayed in the view window (see

Results tab in the same dialog box),Load Values displays the values of the loads

on screen.The Axes option displays the axis icon at the

left bottom corner of the view window.The Material option displays the name of any

material assigned using the General |Material page

BeamThe Beam Numbers option displays the

member numbers on the frame members.Beam Orientation displays an icon showing

the local axis of the members. The arrowindicates the positive direction of the localx-axis. The local y-axis is in the direction ofthe thicker flange. Please note that the Isymbol is used regardless of the actualsection type.

The Beam Spec option displays beam specifi-cations which have been assigned, such astruss and tension only members.

The Releases option displays the memberreleases.

PlatesThe Plate Numbers option displays the plate

element numbers.The Plate Orientation option displays the local

axis system for plates.Solids

Solid Numbers option displays the solidelement numbers.


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Force LimitsThe Force Limits tab, allows you to identify

the members having the force values lying insideor outside the specified ranges.

Load CaseSelect the Load Case for which you want to

display the diagram.ForcesSelect the force type from the list of available

options, such as Axial, Shear YY, BendingZZ, etc. Provide the range in the associatededit box under Minimum and Maximum.

View LimitsThe buttons under this group determine which

members are going to be highlighted. The Exceed Either option highlights any member

whose forces exceed either the Maximum orthe Minimum values.

Exceed Maximum option highlights only themembers whose forces exceed the Maximumvalues.

Exceed Minimum option highlights only themembers whose forces exceed the Minimumvalues.

Color Within LimitAllows you to change the color and width of

the force diagram when the forces fallwithin the view limits.

Color Outside LimitAllows you to change the color and width of

the force diagram when the forces falloutside the view limits.

Design ResultsThe Design Results tab, allows you to display

code check and steel design information onthe structure.

Click the Active check box to display steeldesign and code check diagram on thestructure. Type Ratio values in the editboxes to define Safe, Failure and ExtremeFailure. Click the Show Values check box todisplay the failure ratios.

ColorAllows you to display and change the colorof represented by Not Designed, Safe, Failand Extreme Fail on the structure diagram.


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Plate Stress ContourThe Plate Stress Contour tab, appears only if Plates

are present. This tab allows you to display stresscontours for plates for different types of stresses.

Load CaseSelect the Load Case for which the stress is to

be displayed.Stress TypeSelect the Stress Type from the drop down list.

Once you select these, the Maximum andthe Minimum values of that stress under theselected load case are displayed.

Contour TypeThe Normal and Enhanced buttons indicate

how the Stress Contour is drawn. The Normal contour option uses the stress

points at each corner of the plate along withthe center stress to calculate the contour.

The Enhanced contour option uses thesame points as the Normal contour plus theinterpolated stress at the mid-point of theedges. The second option takes more timeto generate but is more accurate.

The No. of values option determines howmay increments would be used to plot thestress contour.

OptionsThe Absolute Values option causes the stress

values to be compared based on the absolutevalues, rather than algebraic values. If this optionis checked, the stress values of +10 units and -10units will be in the same range.

The View Stress Index option displays the legendsof the colors with stress values at the side of thescreen.

Directions for Global Stress UpUsing this drop down list, the user may select the

global axis that is normal to the plane of theplates. The ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’ are meant to specify thesurface of the plate which is on the ‘+ve’ or ‘-ve’side of the global plane. For example, ‘Y +ve’indicates that the user wishes to obtain the moment for those plates whose surface is parallel toand along the positive side of the global X-Z plane.Hence, if a plate has its local Z axis along thenegative global Y direction, choosing ‘Y +ve’ willfetch the moment on the local bottom surface ofthe element.

Result DirThis is the global axis about which the local axis

moments MX, MY and MXY must be transformedinto. So, if one sets the ‘Result Dir’ to ‘Z’ and‘Up’ to ‘X +ve’, the program does the following:a) Selects plates, which are parallel to

the global Y-Z plane.b) For each plate, selects the surface,

which is on the +ve side of the globalY-Z plane.

c) For each plate, selects the local axismoments MX and MY and MXY on thesurface described in (b)

d) Transforms the moments described in(c) into a value along the global Z axisand plots it.

Changing the ‘Up’ value between ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’X will show the global Z moment on either sideof the plates.


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Solid Stress ContourThe Solid Stress Contour tab, appears only if

Solids are present. This tab allows you to displaystress contours for solids for different types ofstresses. For explanation of the items, please referto the Plate Stress Contour item explained above.

AnimationThe Animation tab, allows you to display an

animated view of the structure. To stop viewing ananimation, choose No Animation in the DiagramType, or press the Escape on the keyboard.

Diagram TypeSelect the animation of Deflection, SectionDisplacement, Mode or Stress.

Animation SetupFull Screen displays the animation in thefull monitor screen rather than in awindow. This option may use less memorythan displaying the animation in a largewindow.

Extra FramesSelect the number of Extra Frames abovethe minimum needed to enhance theanimation if it appears choppy.

Target FPSChoose the Target FPS (frames persecond) to control the animation speed. Tospeed up an animation, show more framesper second. To slow down an animation,show fewer frames per second.

Use Metafiles for offscreen dataClick the Use Metafiles for offscreen data to

save the animated screens as WindowsMetafiles.Speed may be slower if this option is used.


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Design ResultThe Design Results tab, allows you to

display code check and steel design information onthe structure.

DiagramClick the Active check box to display steeldesign and code check diagram on thestructure. Type Ratio values in the editboxes to define Safe, Failure and ExtremeFailure. Click the Show Values check boxto display the failure ratios.

ColorAllows you to display and change the colorof represented by Not Designed, Safe, Failand Extreme Fail on the structure dia-

gram.

View | Set Colors

The purpose of this menu option is to specifycolors of different items.

View | RefreshChoose View | Refresh to update the structurediagram to reflect changes such as mergedmembers, split members. etc.


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Listing of Members by Specification of GROUPSThis command allows the user to specify a group of members/joints and save the informa-

tion using a 'group-name'. The 'group-name' may be subsequently used in the input file insteadof a member/joint list to specify other attributes. This extremely useful feature allows avoidingof multiple specifications of the same member/joint list.

General Format:

START GROUP DEFINITION(GEOMETRY) (group-name) member/element/solid-list

........ (default)

ORJOINT

_(group-name) joint-list ........MEMBER

_(group-name) member-list ........ELEMENT

_(group-name) element-list ........SOLID

_(group-name) solid element-list ........

END GROUP DEFINITIONwhere,

group-name = an alphanumeric name specified by the user to identify thegroup. The group-name must start with the '_'(underscore) characterand is limited to eight characters.

member-list/ joint list = the list of member/joints belonging to the group.

NOTES1. The GROUP definition must start with the START GROUP DEFINITION command and end with the END command.2. More than one GROUP name may be specified within the same definition specifica tion.3. The words, JOINT, MEMBER, ELEMENT and SOLID may be provided if the user wishes to identify the group name lists with those specific items. However, if the group name and list is merely a means of grouping together more than one type of structural component under a single heading, the word GEOMETRY may be provided. In the absence of any those five words (GEOMETRY, JOINT, MEMBER, ELEMENT or SOLID), the list is assumed to be that for GEOMETRY.


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START GROUP DEFINITION_TRUSS 1 TO 20 25 35_BEAM 40 TO 50ENDMEMBER PROPERTIES_TRUSS TA LD L40304_BEAM TA ST W12X26

EXAMPLES

START GROUP DEFINITIONJOINT_TAGA 1 TO 10MEMBER_TAGAB 40 TO 50GEOMETRY_TAGC 101 TO 135ENDMEMBER PROPERTIES_TAGB TA LD L40304_TAGC TA ST W12X26

STEP:1.Click Tools(menu), select Create New Group option or you can press letter G while Ctrl key is

pressed.

1.Click Create. then type a name and select whether for node or elementor geometry

2. Click OK to accept the name & type.


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2. Select the geometry you want to associate with the name you specified.

3. Click button.

OPTIONS:

- to delete a group nameSTEP:

Select the group name from the list then click Delete

- to highlight the members or nodes or elements that is associatedto the group name.STEP:

Select the group name from the list then click Highlight.

Example:

ASSIGN METHODS

ASSOCIATE TO VIEW - to associate the group name specified to thecurrent view.

ASSOCIATE TO SELECTED GEOMETRY - to associate the group name to theselected members or node or element.

ASSOCIATE TO LIST - to associate the group name to member specified inthe list box.


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ELEMENT INCIDENCE SPECIFICATION

This set of commands is used to specify ELEMENTs by defining the connectivity betweenJOINTs. REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands are available to facilitate generation of repetitivepatterns.

The element incidences must be defined such that the model developed represents onesingle structure only, not two or more separate structures. STAAD is capable of detectingmultiple structures automatically.

General Format

ELEMENT INCIDENCES (SHELL)

i1, i2, i3, i4 (i5) (TO i6, i7, i8)

REPEAT n, ei,jiREPEAT ALL n, ei,ji

Description

ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL must be provided immediately after MEMBER INCIDENCES(if any) are specified. The REPEAT command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n'number of times with specified element and joint increments. The REPEAT ALL commandfunctions similar to the REPEAT command, except that it repeats all previously specified inputback to the most recent REPEAT ALL command; or to the beginning of the specified if noprevious REPEAT ALL command had been issued.

i1 = Element number (any number up to six digits). If MEMBER INCIDENCE is provided, this number must not coincide with any MEMBER number.

i2...i5 = Clockwise or counterclockwise joint numbers which represent the element connec tivity. Note that i5 is not needed for triangular (3 noded) elements.

The following data is needed if elements are to be generated:i6 = Last element number to which elements are generatedi7 = Element number increment by which elements are generated. Defaults to 1 if omittedi8 = Joint number increment which will be added to incident joins. Defaults to 1 if omitted.

The following data is needed if REPEAT or REPEAT ALL command are used to generateelements

n = Number of times repeat is to be carried out.ei = Element number increment.ji = Joint number increment.


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Notes:The PRINT ELEMENT INFO command may be used to verify the element incidencesprovided or generated by REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands.

ELEMENT NUMBERING During the generation of element stiffness matrix, the program verifies whether the

element is same as the previous one or not. If it is same, repetitive calculations are notperformed. The sequence in which the element stiffness matrix is generated is thesame as the sequence in which elements are input in element incedences.

Therefore, to save some computing time, similar elements should be numbered sequen-tially. However, the user has to decide between adopting a numbering system whichreduces the computation time versus a numbering system which increases the ease ofdefining the structure geometry.

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

1 3 5 7

2 4 6 8

Efficient Elementnumbering

Inefficient Elementnumbering

Incorrect numbering

j k

i l

l k

i jclockwise counter-clockwise

k l

i j

j l

i k

(3 noded plate) or

i

j

k

Steps:

1. Click the icon (4 noded plate) or

2. Click the nodes of the plate you want tocreate.

Correct numbering

(4 noded cursor) (3 noded cursor)


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DESIGN OPERATIONS

STAAD contains a broad set of facilities for designing structural members as individualcomponents of an analyzed structure. The member design facilities provide the user with theability to carry out a number of different design operations. These facilities may be used selec-tively in accordance with the requirements of the design problem. The operations to perform adesign are:

Specify the members and the load cases to be considered in the design.Specify whether to perform code checking or member selection.Specify design parameter values, if different from the default values.

These operations may be repeated by the user any number of times depending upon thedesign requirements.

Steel Design may be performed based on the following codes: AISC-ASD, AISC-LRFD andASSHTO.

Built-in Steel Section Library

AISC Steel TableAlmost all AISC steel shapes are available for input. Following are the description of all

types of section available

Wide Flange (W shapes)All wide flange sections as listed in AISC/LFRD-89 are availble the way they are written,e.g. W10X49, W21X50, etc.

Example:

20 TO 30 TA ST W10X4933 36 TA ST W18X86

C, MC, S, M, HP ShapesThe above shapes are available as listed in AISC (9th Edition) without decimal points. For

example, C8X11.5 will be input as C8X11 and S15X42.9 will be input as S15X42, omitting thedecimal weights. (Exception MC6X151 for MC6X15.1 and MC6X153 for MC6X15.3)

Example:

10 TO 20 BY 2 TA ST C15X401 2 TA ST MC8X20


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Double ChannelsBack to back double channels, with or without spacing between them, are available. The

letter D is front of the section name will specify a double channel.

Example:

21 22 24 TA D MC9X2555 TO 60 TA D C8X18

AnglesAngle specifications in STAAD are different from those in AISC manual. The following

example illustrates angle specifications.

Example:

L 40 35 6 = L 4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8

Thickness is 1/16th inch

10 times length ofother leg in inch

Angle symbol

10 times lengthof one leg in inch

Similarly, L505010 = L 5 x 5 x 5/8 and L904016 = L 9 x 4 x 1

At present, there are two ways to define the local y and z-axes for an angle section. Tomake the transition from the AISC Manual to the program data easy, the standard section foran angle is specified:

51 52 53 TA ST L40356

This specification has the local z-axis (i.e., the minor axis) corresponding to the Z-Z axis specified inthe steel tables. Many engineer are familiar with a convention used by some other programs in whichthe local y-axis is the minor axis. STAAD provides for this convention by accepting the command:

54 55 56 TA RA L40356 (RA denotes reverse angle)

Double AnglesShort leg back to back or long leg back to back double angles can be specified by inputting

the word SD or LD, respectively, in front of the angle size. In case of an equal angle either LDor SD will serve the purpose.

Example:

14 TO 20 TA LD L35304 SP 0.5 (Long leg back to back L 3-1/2 x 3 x 1/4 with .5 space)

23 27 TA SD L904012 (Short leg back to back L 9 x 4 x 3/4)


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TeesTees are not input by their names, as they are listed in the AISC manual, but instead by

designating the beam shapes (W and S) from which they are cut.

Example:

1 2 5 8 TA T W8X24 tee cut from W8X24 which is WT4X12

PipesTwo types of specifications can be used for pipe sections. In general pipes may be input by

their outer and inner diameters.

Example:

1 TO 9 TA ST PIPE OD 2.0 ID 1.875 will mean a pipe with O.D. of 2.0and I.D. of 1.875 in current units.

Pipe sections listed in the AISC manual can be specified as follows.

5 TO 10 ST PIPX20

PIP X 20

Pipe symbolStrength spec

(denotes extra strong pipe of 2 in. dia.)

10 x Dia. in inches specify onlyportion before decimal point

(S=Standard, X=Extra-strong, D= Double extra-strong)

TubesTubes from the AISC tables can be specified as follows.

5 TO 10 TA ST TUB120808

TUB 120 80 8

Tube SymbolHeight x 10 (in.) Width x 10 (in.)

Thickness in 1/16th in.

Tubes, likes pipes, can be input by their dimensions (Height, Width, and Thickness) asfollows.

6 TA ST TUBE DT 8.0 WT 6.0 TH 0.5is a tube that has a height of 8, a width of 6, and a wall thickness of 0.5

Member Selection cannot be performed on tubes specified in the latter way. Only codechecking can be performed on these sections.


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Member Property SpecificationThis set of commands may be used for specification of section properties for frame mem-

bers.

General Format:

MEMBER PROPERTIES {AUSTRIALIANCANADIANEUROPIANFRENCHINDIANAMERICANBRITISHGERMANJAPANESE

}

Description

{ TABLE type-spec table-name(additional-spec)

PRISMATIC property-specTAPERED argument-listUPTABLE i1 section-nameASSIGN profile-spect

}AMERICAN, BRITISH, EUROPEAN (etc.) option will instruct the program to pick up

properties from the appropriate steel table. The default depends on the country of distri-bution.

This command initiates the specification of MEMBER PROPERTY. Following are thevarious options availble:

a.) Specification from built-in steel tableb.) Specification of prismatic propertiesc.) Specification of tapered membersd.) Specification from user provided tablee.) Specification by ASSIGNing a profile

Welded Plate GirdersWelded plate girders from the AISC manual may be specified as follows.

B 61 20 10

Built-up section symbol

Nominal flange width (inches)

Thickness of flange in inches X 10(Only use portion before decimal point)

Nominal Depth in inches


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Specifiying Properties from Steel Table

Purpose

The following commands are used for specifying section properties from built-in steeltable(s)

General Format:

type-spec table-name additional-spec

type-spec = {STRADLDSDTCMTCBC

}ST specifies single section from the standard built-in tables

RA specifies single angle with reverse Y-Z axes

D specifies double channel

LD specifies long leg, back to back, double angle

SD specifies short leg, back to back, double angle

T specifies tee section cut from I shaped beams

CM specifies composite section, available with I shaped beams

TC specifies beams with top cover plate

BC specifies beams with bottom cover plate

TB specifies beams with top and bottom cover plate

table-name = Table section name like W8X18, C15X33 etc. The documentation on steeldesign per individual country codes contains information regarding theirsteel section specification also.


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additional-spec = {SP f1WP f2TH f3WT f4DT f5OD f6ID f7CT f8FC f9

}SP f1 = This set describes the spacing (f1) between angles or channels if double

angles or double channels are used. f1 defaults to 0.0 if not givenWP f2 = Width (f2) of the cover plate if a cover plate is used with I-shaped sectionsTH f3 = Thickness (f3) of plates or tubesWT f4 = Width (f4) of tubes, where TUBE is the table-nameDT f5 = Depth (f5) of tubesOD f6 = Outside diameter(f6) of pipes, where PIPE is the table-name.ID f7 = Inside diameter (f7) of pipesCT f8 = Concrete thickness (f8) for composite sections.FC f9 = Compressive strength (f9) of the concrete for composite sections

Note:

All values f1-9 must be supplied in current units.

Some important points to note in the case of the composite section are:

1) The width of the concrete slab is assumed to be the width of the top flange of the steel section+16 times the thickness of the slab.

2.) In order to calculate the section properties of the cross-section, the modular ratio is calculated assuming that:

Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel = 29000 Ksi.Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 1802.5 FC Ksi

where FC (in Ksi) defined earlier.


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Prismatic Property SpecificationPurpose

The following commands are used for specifying section properties for prismatic cross-section.

General Format:

property-spec =

For the PRISMATIC specification, properties are provided directly as follows:

{AX f1IX f2IY f3IZ f4AY f5AZ f6YD f7ZD f8YB f9ZB f10

}AX f1 = Cross sectional area of the member. If omitted, the area is calculated from

the YD and ZD dimensions

IX f2 = Torsional constant.

IY f3 = Moment of inertia about local y-axis

IZ f4 = Moment of inertia about local z-axis (usually major)

AY f5 = Effective shear area in local y-axis

AZ f6 = Effective shear area in local z-axis

YD f7 = Depth of the member in local y direction. (Diameter of section for circular members)

ZD f8 = Depth of the member in local z direction. If ZD is not provided and YD is provided, the section wil be assumed to be circular.

YB f9 = Depth of stem for T-section.

ZB f10 = Width of stem for T-section or bottom width for TRAPEZOIDAL section.


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Prismatic Tapered Tube Property SpecificationPurpose

The following commands are used to specify section properties for prismatic taperedtube cross-sections.

General Format:

property-spec = { ROUNDHEXDECAGONALDODECAGONALOCTAGONALHEXAGONALSQUARE

} STARD d1 END d2 THICK t

START d1 = Depth of section at start of member.END d2 = Depth of section at end of member.THICK t = Thickness of section (constant throughout the member length).

Example:UNIT INCHESMEMBER PROPERTIES1 PRIS ROUND STA 10 END 8 THI 0.3752 PRIS HDC STA 15 END 10 THI 0.3753 PRIS DOD STA 12 END 12 THI 0.375

Tapered Member SpecificationPurpose

The following commands are used to specify section properties for tapered I-shapes.

General Format:

argument-list = f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 (f6 f7)

where,f1 = Depth of section at start node.f2 = Thickness of web.f3 = Depth of section at end node.f4 = Width of top flange.f5 = Thickness of top flangef6 = Width of bottom flange. Defaults to f4 if left out.f7 = Thickness of bottom flange. Defaults to f5 left out.

EXAMPLE:MEMBER PROPERTY1 TO 5 TAPERED 13.98 0.285 13.98 6.745 .455 6.745 .455

Notes:1. All dimensions (f1,f2,...,f7)

should be current units.2. f1 (Depth of section at start

node) should always begreater than f3 (Depth ofsection at end node). Theuser should provide themember incidences accord-ingly.


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bottom chord = 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L25253top chord = 2 1/2" x 2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L25203web member = 2" x 2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L20203

STEPS:1. You may click property page icon or click General / Property on Page Control

2. The Property window will appear as shown below. Click

3. Select the country.

4. Click Angle tab then select the size and specify other parameters then click Addbutton.

Example:


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5. Select the members.

6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then Click

7. Click Beta Angle tab. Define the beta angle and Click Assign button.


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Example for Prismatic Section

Section of a:

0.30m

0.60m

Note: You may change first the Base Unit before you start assigning the property to reflect the correctdimension.

Steps: Close all files. Click File(top menu), choose Configure. Click Base Unit tab. Select thedesired unit. Click Accept button.

1. Click Commands(top menu)/Member Property/Prismatic or property page icon

or Click General / Property on Page Control.


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2. Click Define button. Click the tab for the desired shape.

3. Define the size of the section , type of material then click Add button.

5. Select the members.

4. Select the section from the list to be assigned to the member/s.

Note:To select more

members, hold down theCtrl key while selectingother members.

6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then Click


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ELEMENT PROPERTY SPECIFICATION

This set of commands may be used to specify properties of plate finite elements.Unlike members and plate/shell elements, no properties are required for solidelements. However, constants such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratioare to be specified.

General Format

ELEMENT PROPERTY

element-list THICKNESS f1 (f2, f3, f4 )

Description

Elements of uniform or linearly varying thickness may be modeled using this command.Note that the value of the thickness must be provided in the current units.

Example

UNIT INCHELEMENT PROPERTY1 TO 8 14 16 TH 0.25

STEPS:1. You may click property page icon or click General / Property on Page Control

2. The Property window will appear as shown below. Click


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3. Type the thickness and select type of material then click Add button.

4. You may change the view to select the members correctly. (Side View).Click Cut-section icon. Select Window/Rubber band

Click here(hold)

release here

5. Click top view icon.


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6. Click the Plate cursor icon. Once the plate cursor is displayed, click in the plateelement to select it.

click here to select the plate element

Note:To select more members, hold down the Ctrl key

while selecting other members.

7. Click Assign to Selected Beam in Assign method then click Assign button.


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8. Click Cut section icon. Click Select View tab then click Show All button to display the entirestructure.

9. Click Isometric View icon.


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DEFINING OF LOADSSELFWEIGHT

- This command may be used to calculate and apply the SELFWEIGHT of the structure foranalysis.

General Format

SELFWEIGHT{XYZ}

This command is used if the selfweight of the structure is to be considered. The selfweightof every active member is calculated and applied as a uniformly distributed member load.

f1

X , Y & Z - represent the global direction in which the selfweight acts.f1 - factor to be used to multiply the selfweight

This command may also be used without any direction and factor specification. Thus, ifspecified as "SELFWEIGHT", loads will be applied in the negative global Y direction with afactor of unity.

Note: Density must be provided for calculation of the selfweight.

1. Click General tab (page control) then click Load (sub-page control) or use Pull-down menu.


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2. Define a primary load then click ok.

3.Click Selfweight.

4.Define the parameters then click Assign button.


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JOINT LOAD- This set of commands may be used to specify JOINT loads on the structure.

General Format

JOINT LOAD

joint-list = {FX f1FY f2FZ f3MX f4MY f5MZ f6

}FX , FY & FZ - specify a force in the corresponding global directionMX , MY & MZ - specify a moment in the corresponding global direction.f1 , f2... f6 - are the values of the loads.

Note:Joint numbers may be repeated where loads are meant to be additive in the joint.

UNIT command may be on lines in between joint-list lines.

MEMBER LOAD- This set of commands may be used to specify MEMBER loads on frame members.

member-list ={UNI or UMOM direction-spec f1, f2, f3, f4CON or CMOM direction-spec f5, f6, f4LIN local-specf7, f8, f9TRA direction-spec f10, f11, f12,f13

}General Format:

direction-spec =

XYZGXGYGZPXPYPZ

{ } local-spec = { }XYZ


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UNIFORM (UNI or UMCOM)- specifies a uniformly distributed load or moment with a value of f1, at a distance of f2from the start of the member to the start of the load, and a distance of f3 from thestart of the member to the end of the load. The load is assumed to cover the fullmember length if f2 and f3 are omitted.

f1

Illustration: if f2 and f3 are omitted

f4 - Perpendicular distance from the member shear center to the plane ofloading. The value is positive in the general direction of the parallel (or closeto parallel) local axis.

f2

member length

f3

f1

member length


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CONCENTRATED(CON or CMOM)- specifies a concentrated force or moment with a value of f5 applied at a distance of f6

from the start of the member. f6 will default to half the member length if omitted.

Illustration: if f6 is omittedf5

f6

member length

f5

member length

half of memberlength


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LINEARLY VARYING LOAD (UNI or UMCOM)- specifies a linearly decreasing or increasing, or a triangular load. If the load is linearlyincreasing or decreasing then f7 is the value at the start of the member and f8 is thevalue at the end. If the load is triangular, then f7 and f8 are input as zero and f9 is thevalue of the load in the middle of the member.

Illustration:if f7 & f8 is equal to zero

Note: Load is acting on entire member

f7

f8

member length member length

half of memberlength

f9


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TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD (TRAP)- specifies a trapezoidal linearly varying load which that act over the full or partial

length of the member and in a local, global or projected direction. The startingload value is given by f10 , and the ending load value f11. The loading locationis given by f12, the loading starting point and f13, the stopping point. Both are mea-sured from the start of the member. If f12 and f13 are not given, the load isassumed to cover the full mem ber length.

Illustration:

f10

f11

f12

f13

member length

f10

f11

member length

if f10 & f11 is equal to zero


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EXERCISE

-6 KN/M

-4 KN

-5 KN

-6 KN/M -2 KN/M

-2 KN/M

2m 5m 3m

-5 KN/M

3m 3m 4m 3m

1 2 3memberno.


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AREA LOAD / FLOOR LOADThese commands may be used to specify AREA LOAD or FLOOR LOADs on a structureThe AREA LOAD may be used for modeling one-way distribution and the FLOOR LOADmay be used for modeling two-way distribution.

General Format for AREA LOAD

AREA LOAD

member-list ALOAD f1

f1 - The value of the area load (unit weight over square length unit). This loadalways acts along the positive local y-axis. For the members of a FLOORanalysis, this direction will coincide with global vertical axis in most cases.

NOTE:Area load should not be specified on members declared as MEMBERCABLE, MEMBER TRUSS or MEMBER TENSION.

EXAMPLE:AREA LOAD2 4 TO 8 ALOAD -.25012 16 ALOAD -.500

General Format for FLOOR LOAD

FLOOR LOAD

YRANGE f1 f2 FLOAD f3 ( XRANGE f4 f5

ZRANGE f6 f7 )

f1 f2 - Global vertical coodinate values to specify vertical range. The floor load will becalculated for all members lying in the global horizontal plane within the speci-fied global vertical range.

f3 - The value of the floor load (unit weight over square length unit). This loadalways acts parallel to the global vertical axis. A positive value signifies that theload is acting the positive global Y-direction. A negative value indicates a load inthe negative global Y direction.

f4- f7 - Global X and Z coordinate values to define the corner points of the area on w/cthe specified floor load (f3) acts. If not specified, the floor load will be calculatedfor all members in all floors w/in the specified global vertical range.


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NOTE:

1) The structure has to be modeled in such away that the global vertical axisremains perpendicular to the floor plane(s).

2) For the FLOOR LOAD specification, a two-way distribution of the load isconsid ered. For the AREA LOAD specification, a one-way action is considered.

3) FLOOR LOAD from a slab is distributed on the adjoining members as trapezoidaland triangular loads depending on the length of the sides as shown in the dia-gram. Internally, these loads are converted to multiple point loads.

4) The load per unit area may not vary for a particular panel and it is assumed tobe continuous and without holes.

5) The FLOOR LOAD facility is not available if the SET Z UP command is used.

6) If the floor has a shape consisting of a mixture of convex and concave edges,then break up the floor load command into several parts, each for a certainregion of the floor. This will force the program to localize the search for panelsand the solution will be better.

The load distribution pattern depends upon the shape of the panel. If the panel isRectangular, the distribution will be Trapezoidal and triangular as explained in thefollowing diagram.

X

Z


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For a panel that is not rectangular, the distribu-tion is described in following diagram

First, the CG of the polygon is calculated. Then,each corner is connected to the CG to formtriangles as shown. For each triangle, avertical line is drawn from the CG to theopposite side. If the point of intersection ofthe vertical line and the side falls outside thetriangle, the area of that triangle will becalculated and an equivalent uniform distrib-uted load will be applied on that side. Other-wise a triangular load will be applied on theside.

1

2

3

4

5

Triangu-lar

Triangu-lar

Triangu-lar

Triangu-lar

U DL

EXAMPLE

11' 10'

6'

10'

1 2 3

4 5

876

X

Z

1 2

7 8

3

9 10

54

6

memberno.

jointno. Let us consider the following

floor plan at y =12'.

If the entire floor has a loadof 0.25 (force/unit area),then the input will be asfollows:

...LOAD 2FLOOR LOADYRA 12.0 12.0 FLOAD -0.25

A C

B

If in the above example, panel A has a load of 0.25 and panel B and C have a load0.5, then the input will be as follows:

Note the usage of XRANGE , YRANGE and ZRANGE specifications....LOAD 2FLOOR LOADYRA 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -0.25 XRA 0.0 11.0 ZRA 0.0 16.0YRA 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -.50 XRA 11.0 21.0 ZRA 0.0 16.0LOAD 3...

The program internally identifies the panels (shown as A, B & C in the fig.). Thefloor loads are distributed as trapezoidal and triangular loads as shown by dottedlines in the figure. The negative sign for the load signifies that it is applied in thedownward global Y direction.


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DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS

DATADesign of Steel Truss = 6.0 m O.C.

LOADSa. DEAD LOAD

Metal Roofing = 0.10 KPaPurlins = 0.10 KPaCeiling & Utilities = 0.40 KPa

b. LIVE LOAD

Roof Live Load = 1.0 KPa

c. WIND LOAD@ Windward Side

P = CeCqQsI = 0.89(0.30)(1.5)(1.0) = 0.40 KPa x 6.0m = 2.4 KN/m

@ Leeward SideP = 0.89(0.70)(1.5)(1.0) = 0.93 KPa x 6.0m = 2.58 KN/m

d. MEMBER PROPERTIESTop chord = 2 1/2" X 2" X 3/16" 2L = LD 25203Bottom chord= 2 1/2" X 2 1/2" X 3/16" 2L = LD 25253Web Member = 2" X 2 X 3/16" 2L = LD 25203Spacing (gusset plate) = 3/16" = 0.188"

Computation:

(0.10 + 0.10) x 6 = 1.2 KN/m (top chord)

0.40 x 6 =2.4 KN/m (bottom chord)

Computation:

L.L. = 1.0 x 6.0 = 6.0 KN/m


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STEPS:

Step 1. Click General tab (page-control), Load(sub-page) or click Command (topmenu) / Loading/Primary Load

Live load = -6.0 KN/m

Dead load = -2.40 KN/m

Leeward side= 5.58 KN/mWindward side = -2.40 KN/m

Dead load = -12.0 KN/m


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Step 2. Define the Load case no. and the title then click OK

Step 3. Click Member button to define the type of loading and value.


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Step 4. Select the type of loading. Input the value of load, direction and distancesthen click Add button.

Step 5.a Select the load to be applied from the Load specification list then select themember(s). Click Assign To Selected Beam from assignment method.

5.a.15.a.2

5.a.3

selected members

RESULT:


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Step 5.b If there are grouped created, select the load from the list of loads, thenselect the grouped by name then click Assign to selected Beams.

5.b.1 Select the load to be applied

5.b.2 Select the group name (e.g. _TC ) then click OK.

5.b.3 Click Assign to Selected Beams then click Assign.

selected members


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LOAD COMBINATIONThis command may be used to combine the results of the analysis. The combinationmay be algebraic. SRSS and a combination of both.

i = Load combination number(any integer smaller than 100000 that is not the same asany previously defined primary load case number.)

a1 = Any title for the load combinationi1 , i2... represents the load case numbers which are to be combinedf1, f2 ... represents corresponding factors to be applied to loadings.fSRSS = optional factor to be applied as a multiplying factor on the combined result of

the SRSS result of the SRSS load combination.

If the last character on a line is a hyphen, then the command is continued on the nextline. A limit of 100 prior cases may be factored in one command.

General Format

LOAD COMBINATIONi1, f1, i2, f2 ..(fsrss)

SRSSABS{ } i a1

NOTE:

1) In the LOAD COMBINATION SRSS option, if the minus sign precedes any load case no.,then that load case will be combined algebraically with the SRSS combination of therest.

2) The total number of primary and combination load cases combined cannot exceed 500.3) A zero factor terminates the list.

Description

LOAD COMBINATIONResults from anlysis will be combined algebraically.

LOAD COMBINATION 6 DL + LL + WL1 0.75 2 0.75 3 1.33

LOAD COMBINATION ABSAbsolute value of results from the analyses will be combined.

LOAD COMBINATION ABS 7 DL +LL + WL1 0.85 2 0.65 3 2.12

LOAD COMBINATION SRSSResults from analyses may be combined both algebraically and using the SRSS (Square

Root of Summation of Squares) method. The combination scheme may be mixed if required.For example, in the same load combination case, results from load cases may be combined inthe SRSS manner and then combined algebraically with other load cases.


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Step 1. Click General tab (page-control menu)/ Load tab(sub-page).

STEPS:

Step 2. Click Combine... button.

Step 3. Click New... button.

Step 4. Type the load combination number & title (optional)


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Step 5.Type the factor load.

Step 6. Select the loading(s).

Step 7. Click Transfer button then OK.


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GLOBAL SUPPORT SPECIFICATIONThis set of commands may be used to specify the SUPPORT conditions for supportsparallel to the global axes.

General Format

SUPPORTS

PINNEDjoint-list

FIXED (BUT release-spec[spring-spec.])ENFORCED (BUT release-spec)

release-spec =

FXFYFZMXMYMZ

spring-spec =

KFX f1KFY f2KFZ f3KMX f4KMY f5KMZ f6

DescriptionPINNED support is a support that has translational, but no rotational restraints. Inother words, the support has no moment carrying capacity. A FIXED support hasboth translational and rotational restraints. A FIXED support can be released in theglobal directions as described in release-spec (FX for force-X through MZ for moment-Z). Also, a fixed support can have spring constants as described in spring-spec(translational spring in global X-axis as KFX through rotational spring in global Z-axisas KMZ).Corresponding spring constants are f1 through f6. Note that the rotational springconstants are always per degree of rotation. All six releases may be provided as maybe required when using the CHANGE command. If both release specifications andspring specifications are to be supplied for the same support joint, release specifica-tion must come first.

ExampleSUPPORTS1 TO 4 7 PINNED5 6 FIXED BUT FX MZ8 9 FIXED BUT MZ KFX 50.0 KFY 75.18 21 FIXED27 FIXED BUT KFY 125.0


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In this example, joints 1 to 4 and joint 7 are pinned. No moments are carried bythose supports. Joints 5 and 6 are fixed for all DOF except in force-X and moment-Z.Joints 8 & 9 are fixed for all DOF except moment-Z and have spring in the global Xand Y directions with corresponding spring constants of 50 and 75 units respectively.Joints 18 & 21 are fixed for all translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Atjoint 27, all DOF are fixed except the FY DOF where it has spring with of 125 unitsspring constant.

Notes1) Users are urged to refer to Section 5.38(STAAD Tech. manual) for information

on specification of SUPPORTS along with the CHANGE command specifications.2) Spring constants must be provided in the current units.3) All spring DOF must be entered after the last non-spring DOF is specified, if both

are on the same line.4) If there are two entries for the same joint, then:

a) any direction that is pinned/fixed on either will be fixed in thatdirection.

b) any direction released on one and is a spring on the other will usethe spring.

c) Any direction that is pinned/fixed on one and a spring on the otherwill use pinned/fixed.

Description of EnforcedEnforced Support defines which translational and rotational directions, at a joint, mayhave a support displacement imposed. If no support displacement is entered, thenzero displacement will be imposed, as if that direction was FIXED. The enforceddisplacement directions will be fixed for dynamic load cases.If there are two entries for the same joint, then any direction that is enforced oneither will be enforced in that direction, overriding any other support specification forthat joint-direction.


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Step 1. Click General tab(page control) / Support.

Step 2. Click Add button.

Step 3. Select the type of support and define parameter if any.Click Create button.


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Step 4. Select the type of support from the list.

Step 5. Click the joint where the support is to be placed.

Step 6. Click Assign To Selected Nodes from Assignment Method.

Result:


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Analysis SpecificationSTAAD analysis options include linear static analysis, P-Delta (or second order analy-sis), Nonlinear analysis, and several types of Dynamic Analysis.

This command is used to specify the analysis request. In addition, this command maybe used to request various analysis related data like load info, statics check info,mode shapes etc.General Format

PERFORMNONLINEAR{ } ANALYSIS (PRINT {

LOAD DATASTATICS CHECKSTATICS LOAD )MODE SHAPESBOTHALL

}

Without one of these analysis commands, no analysis will be performed. TheseANALYSIS commands can be repeated if multiple analyses are needed at differentphases.

If the PRINT LOAD DATA command is specified, the program will print an interpre-tation of all the load data.

PRINT STATICS CHECK will provide a summation of the applied loads and supportreactions as well as a summation of moments of the loads and reactions takenaround the origin.

PRINT STATICS LOAD prints everything that PRINT STATICS CHECK does, plus itprints a summation of all internal and external forces at each joint (generates volumi-nous output). PRINT STATICS LOAD should be used for members only, no results aregiven for plates or solids.

PRINT MODE SHAPES prints mode shape values at the joints for all calculatedmode shapes.

PRINT BOTH is equivalent to PRINT LOAD DATA plus PRINT STATICS CHECK.

PRINT ALL is equivalent to PRINT DATA plus PRINT STATICS LOAD.


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STEPS:1. Click Commands(top menu)/Analysis/Perform

Analysis2. Select the Print Option then click

OK.

Using Page Control1. Click Analysis/Print tab (Page

control)/ Analysis (Sub-page).

2. Click Define Commandsbutton.

3. Click Perform Analsis tab then select Printoption then click ok


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LOAD LISTThis command allows specification of a set of active load cases. All load cases madeactive by this command remain active until a new load list is specified.

General Format

LOAD LIST load-listALL{ }

DescriptionThis command is used to activate the load cases listed in this command and, in asense, deactivate all other load cases not listed in this command. In other words, theloads listed are used for printing output and in design for performing the specifiedcalculations. Note that, when PERFORM ANALYSIS command is used, the programinternally uses all load cases, regardless of LOAD LIST command, except afterCHANGE or RESTORE command. In these two cases, the LOAD LIST commandallows the program to perform analysis only those loads in the list. If the LOAD LISTcommand is never used, the program will assume all load cases to be active.

Step 1. Click Command(top menu) / Loading / Load List


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Step 2. Select the Load Cases.

Step 3. Click the button to transferselected load casesto the load list

to transfer all loadcases

Step 4. Click OK.


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PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONSThis set of commands may be used to specify the parameters required for steeldesign.

General Format

PARAMETER

CODEAASHTO / AISC / AUSTRALIAN /BRITISH /

CANADIAN / FRENCH / GERMAN /INDIA /JAPAN / LRFD / NORWAY

{ }parameter-name f1

PROFILE a1,(a2,a3)

MEMBER memb-list

ALL{ } { }

DescriptionParameter-name refers to the "PARAMETER NAME" (s) listed in the parameter tablecontained in the Steel Design section.

f1 = Value of the parameter

The user can control the design through specification of proper parameter.

The PROFILE parameter is available for AISC ASD code only. The user can specify upto three profiles (a1, a2 and a3). The PROFILE parameter-name is used only formember selection where members are selected from each of those profile names.The PROFILE for T-section is a W-shape. Also, the shape specified initially underMEMBER PROPERTIES. Note that the PROFILE command can only be used for theAMERICAN steel table. CODE parameter lets you choose the type of steel code to bechecked for design. The default steel code depends on the country of distribution.

Example:PARAMETERSCODE AISCKY 1.5 MEMB 3 7 TO 11NSF 0.75 ALLPROFILE W12 W14 MEMB 1 2 23RATIO 0.9 ALL

Notes1) All unit sensitive values should be in the current unit system.

2) For default values of the parameters, refer to the appropriate table.

3) PROFILE command is available with American AISC ASD code only. It is notavailable with the LRFD or AASHTO codes.


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STEPS:

For Steel:1. Using Page Control

For Concrete:

2. Select the code.Steel:

Concrete:

3. Click Design Parameters buttonthen select parameter tab andspecify the value.

For Concrete:

For Steel:


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SELECT OPTIMIZEDThis command performs member selection using an optimized technique based on multipleanalysis/design iterations.

General FormatSELECT OPTIMIZED

DescriptionThe program selects all members based on a state-of-the-art optimization technique. Thismethod requires multiple analyses as well as iteration of sizes until an overall structure leastweight is obtained. This command should be used with caution since it wil require longerprocessing time.

Notes1) The output of this command may be controlled using the TRACK parameter.

Three levels of details are available. Refer to the appropriate Steel Design sectionfor more information on the TRACK parameter.

2) This command may require multiple iterations involving analysis/design cylesand therefore may be time consuming.

Step 1. Click Design (page-control) / Steel (sub-page)

Step 2. Click Commands button.

Step 3. Click Select Optimized button then click Add.


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CODE CHECKINGThis command performs code checking operation on specified members based on the Ameri-can Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) codes.

General Format

CHECK CODEMEMBER member-list

ALL{ }

DescriptionThis command checks the specified against the requirements of the American Institute ofTimber Construction (AITC) codes. The results of the code checking are summarized in atabular format.

NotesThe output of this command may be controlled by the TRACK parameter. Two levels of detailare available.

STEP 1. Click Design(page-control)/ Steel (sub-page)STEP 2. Select code.STEP 3. Click Command

button

STEP 4. Click Check Code tab then click Add.


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STEP 5. Select the Code Check from the Steel Design window, then select the mem-ber where the command is to be applied and click Assign to Selected Beam fromAssignment Method then Click Assign Button.

STEEL TAKE OFFThis command may be used to obtain a summary of all steel sections being used along withtheir lengths and weights.

General Format

STEEL (MEMBER) TAKE ( OFF )Description

This command provides a complete listing of all different steel table sections used in thestructure. The tabulated listing will include total length of each section name and its totalweight. This can be helpful in estimating steel quantities.The MEMBER option list each member length and weight by number, profile-type, length andweight.

NotesThis facility may be very effectively utilized to obtain a quick estimate of the structural steelquantity.


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STEP 1. Click Design(page-control)/ Steel (sub-page)

STEP 2. Click Command button

STEP 3. Click Take off tab then click Add.


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PRINT SPECIFICATIONThis command is used to direct the program to print various mdeling information andanalysis results. STAAD offers a number of versatile print commands that can be

used to customize the output.

General format for data related print commands:

PRINT

JOIN COORDINATESMEMBER INFORMATIONELEMENT INFORMATION SOLIDMEMBER PROPERTIESMATERIAL PROPERTICESSUPPORT INFORMATION orALL

(ALL)

LIST list of itemsi.e. joints,members

General format to print location of CG.

PRINT CG

General format to print analysis results:

PRINT

JOINT DISPLACEMENTS(MEMBER) FORCESANALYSIS RESULTS(MEMBER) SECTION FORCESMEMBER STRESSESELEMENT (JOINT) STRESSES (AT f1 f2)ELEMENT FORCESELEMENT (JOINT) STRESSES SOLIDMODE SHAPES

List-spec

List-spec =

(ALL)

LIST list of itemsi.e. joints,members or elements


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General format to print support reactions:

PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS

General format to print entire steel table:

PRINT ENTIRE (TABLE)

General format to print story drift:

PRINT STORY DRIFT

DescriptionNote that the list of items is not applicable for PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS, PRINT SUPPORTREACTIONS, and PRINT MODE SHAPES command.

The PRINT JOINT COORDINATES command prints all interpreted coordinates of joints.

The PRINT MEMBER INFORMATION command prints all member information, includingmember length, member incidences, beta angles, whether or not a member is a truss mem-ber and the member release conditions at start and end of the member(1=released, 0 =notreleased).

The PRINT ELEMENT INFORMATION command prints all incident joints, element thick-nesses, and Poisson ratios for Plate/Shell elements. The PRINT ELEMENT INFORMATIONSOLID command prints similar information for Solid elements.

The PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES command prints all member properties including crosssectional area, moments of inertia, and section moduli in both axes. Units for the propertiesare always INCH or CM (depending on FPS or METRIC) regardless of the unit specified inUNIT command.The following designation is used for member property names:

AX - Cross section areaAY - Area used to compute shear deformation in local Y-axisAZ - Area used to compute shear deformation in local Z-axisIZ - Moment of Inertia about the local Z-axisIY - Moment of Inertia about the local Y-axisIX - Torsional constantSY - Smallest section modulus about the local Y-axisSZ - Smallest section modulus about the local Z-axis

The PRINT MATERIAL PROPERTIES command prints all material properties for the mem-bers, including E (modulus of elasticity), G (shear modulus), weight density and coefficient ofthermal expansion (alpha) for frame members. This command is available for members only.


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The PRINT SUPPORT INFORMATION command prints all support information regardingtheir fixity, releases and spring constant values, if any. The LIST option is not available forthis command.

The PRINT ALL command is equivalent to last five print commands combined. This commandprints joint coordinates, member information, member properties, material properties andsupport information, in that order.

The PRINT CG command print out the coordinates of the center of gravity of the structure.Only the selfweight of the structure is used to calculate the C.G. User defined joint loads,member loads etc. are not calculated in the calculation of CG.

The PRINT (JOINT) DISPLACEMENTS command prints joint displacements in a tabulatedform. The displacements for all six directions will be printed for all specified load cases. Thelength unit for the displacements is always INCH or CM (depending on FPS or METRIC unit)regardless of the unit specified in UNIT command.

The PRINT (MEMBER) FORCES command prints member forces (i.e. Axial force (AXIAL),Shear force in Y and Z axes (SHEAR-Y and SHEAR-Z), Torsional Moment (TORSION), Mo-ments about local Y and Z axes (MOM-Y and MOM-Z) in a tabulated form for the listedmembers, for all specified load cases.

The PRINT ANALYIS RESUTS command is equivalent to the last t hree commands combined.With this command, the joint displacements, support reactions and member forces in thatorder printed.

The PRINT (MEMBER) SECTION FORCES command prints member forces at the intermedi-ate sections specified with a previously input SECTION command. The printing is done in atabulated form, by member, for all specified laod cases.

The PRINT (MEMBER) STRESSES command tabulates member stresses at the start joint,end joint and all specified intermediate sections. These stresses include axial ( i.e. axial forceover the area), bending-y(i.e. moment-y over section modulus in local y-axis), bending-z(i.e.moment-z over section modulus in local z-axis), shear stresses in both local y and z direc-tions (FY/AY and FZ/AZ) and combined (absolute combination of axial, bending-y and bend-ing-z) stresses.

For PRISMATIC sections, if AY and/or AZ is not provided, the full cross-sectional area (AX)will be considered in shear stress calculations.For TAPERED sections, the values of AY and AZ are those for the location where the stress isprinted. Hence if the stress is printed at the location 0.0, the AY at AZ are based on thedimension of the member at the start mode.

AY = Total depth * Thickness of webAZ = 2/3 area of both flanges put together.


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The PRINT ELEMENT STRESSES command must be used to print plate stresses (SX, SY, SXY,SQX, SQY), moments per unit width (MX, MY, MXY) and principal stresses (SMAX, SMIN,TMAX) for plate/shell elements. Typically, the stresses and moments per unit width at thecentroid will be printed. The Von Mises stresses (VONT, VONB) as well as the angle (ANGLE)defining the orientation of the principal planes are also printed.

SQX - Shear stress on the local X-face in the Z directionSQY - Shear stress on the local Y-face in the Z directionMX - Moment per unit width about the local X faceMY - Moment per unit width about the local Y faceMXY - Torsional Moment per unit width in the local X-Y planeSX - Axial stress in the local X directionSY - Axial stress in the local Y directionSXY - Shear stress in the local XY planeVONT- Von Mises stress on the top surface of the elementVONB -Von Mises stress on the bottom surface of the elementSMAX -Maximum in-plane Principal stressSMIN - Minimum in-plane Principal stressTMAX -Maximum in-plane Shear stressANGLE - Angle which determines direction of maximum principal stress with

respect to local X-axis

If the JOINT option is used, forces and moments at the nodal points are also printed out inaddition to the centroid of the element.

The AT option may be used to print element forces at any specified point within the element.The AT option must be accompanied by f1 and f2. Note f1 and f2 are local X and Ycoodinates(in current units) of the point where the stresses and moments are required.

The PRINT ELEMENT FORCES command enables printing of plate "corner forces" [ F = Kel .Del ].

The PRINT ELEMENT (JOINT) STRESS SOLID command enables printing of stresses at thecenter of the SOLID elements. The variables that appear in the output are the following.

Normal Stresses : SXX, SYY and SZZShear Stresses : SXY, SYZ and SZXPrincipal Stresses : S1, S2 and S3Von Mises Stresses : SEDirection cosines : 6 direction cosines are printed following the expression

DC, corresponding to the first two principal stress direction.

The JOINT option will print out the stresses at the nodes of the solid elements.


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The PRINT MODE SHAPES command prints joint displacements for all calculated modes.

The PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS command prints support reactions in a tabulated form, bysupport, for all specified load cases. The LIST option is not available for this command.

The PRINT ENTIRE TABLE command may be used to obtain a print-out of the contents of thesteel table from which member properties are being used. This command must be providedfollowing the specification of all member properties.

The PRINT STORY DRIFT command may be used to obtain a print-out of the average lateraldisplacement of all joint at each vertical level of the structure.

STEP 1. Using Page-control menu. Click Pre-Print tab for data related print commands.

STEP 2. Click Define Commands button.

STEP 3. Select the command and define parameter if any then clickAdd.

PROCEDURE FOR PRINT COMMANDS


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PROCEDURE FOR PRINT COMMANDS(PRINT ANALYSIS RESULT)

STEP 1. Using Page-control menu. Click Post-Print tab to print analysis result.

STEP 2. Click Define Commands button.

STEP 3. Select the command and define parameter if any then clickAdd.


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DRAW SPECIFICATIONSThis set of commands may be used to generate printer plots of structure geom-

etry and results as part of the output.

DescriptionBesides interactive graphics, STAAD has features to provide commands to plot structuralgeometry, analysis results etc. as part of the STAAD output file.

Note that these output files (.ANL files) should be printed only through the PRINT OUTPUToption of the main menu of STAAD. Plots can also be displayed by the VIEW OUTPUT optionof the main menu of STAAD.Plots are of high-resolution and most of the 8/9/24 pin dot matrix and laser printer aresupported.

The DRAW command is used to create the plots in the output. The following is the format ofthe DRAW command.

DRAW

ISOMETRICROTATE rotate-specSECTION section-specZOOM f1SHIFT x yJOINTMEMBERSUPPORTPROPERTYSHAPEHIDDEN - LINE - REMOVEDSHRINK f2LOAD lnDFDRAW lnMODRAW snSCDRAW lnMSDRAW ln force-specBMDRAW ln force-specENVELOP force-specSCALE f3VALUESTRESS CONTOUR ln

(LIST list-spec)


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rotate-spec =X xaY yaZ za

section-spec =XYYZXZ

r1 r2

force-spec =FXFYMZFZMY

f1 = Zoom factor by which structure is to be reduced or enlarged. A value less than 1.0 is for reduction and greater than 1.0 is to enlarge.

f2 = Shrink factor by which member/elements be shrunk. Value varies from 0.1 to 0.9

f3 = Scale factor by which deflected shapes to be multiplied. Normally all scales are automatically computed. However, the user may change this by this command.

x, y = x and y shift values based on structure coordinates.ln = Load number to be considered.sn = Mode-shapes number to be displayed.xa, ya, za = X, Y, and Z angles by which the structure is to be rotatedr1, r2 = Maximum and minimum values defining the range in the direction

perpendicular to the specified section plane.Notes

1) Following commands may be used anywhere in the input.ISOMETRIC - Draw isometric viewROTATE - Rotates as specified in rotate-specSECTION - Draw section as specified in section-specZOOM - Draw with zoom factor of value f1SHIFT - Shift structure to the specified x, y valuesJOINT - Display joint numbers.MEMBER - Display member numbers.SUPPORT - Display support icons.PROPERTY - Display property names.SHAPE - Display the shape of the member property with proper BETA angle

orientation.HIDE - Remove hidden lines when elements are present.SHRINK - Shrink all member/elements by the factor of f2LOAD - Display load icons. Obviously, this command can be used only after the

loadings are provided.


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1) Following commands are related to results and should be used only after the PERFORMANALYSIS command.

DFSDRAW - Draw deflected shape.MODRAW - Draw mode shape.SCDRAW - Draw section displacement.MSDRAW - Display force/moment diagram on the entire structure for specified ln

(load number).BMDRAW - Display force/moment diagram for independent members as listed in

LIST. No more than 2 member lists are allowed. Use multiple DRAW commands to display force/moment diagrams for independent members.

ENVELOP - Same as MSDRAW except worst of all active load cases.SCALE - Scale factor by which deflected shapes to be multiplied.VALUE - Display values of Force/Moments, displacements.STRESS-CONTOUR - Draw stress-contour for finite elements. Only the contour for the

Absolute maximum principal stress can be plotted.


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SAMPLE INPUT FILE

STAAD PLANE DESIGN OF TRUSSINPUT WIDTH 72UNIT METER KNSJOINT COORDINATES1 0. 0. 0.; 2 1.5 0. 0.; 3 3. 0. 0.; 4 4.5 0. 0.; 5 6. 0. 0.6 7.5 0. 0.; 7 9. 0. 0.; 8 10.5 0. 0.; 9 12. 0. 0.; 10 13.5 0. 0.11 15. 0. 0.; 12 1.5 .4 0.; 13 3. .8 0.; 14 4.5 1.2 0.; 15 6. 1.6 0.16 7.5 2. 0.; 17 9. 1.6 0.; 18 10.5 1.2 0.; 19 12. .8 0.; 20 13.5 .4 0.MEMBER INCIDENCES1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 8; 8 8 9; 9 9 1010 10 11; 11 1 12; 12 12 13; 13 13 14; 14 14 15; 15 15 16; 16 16 1717 17 18; 18 18 19; 19 19 20; 20 20 11; 21 2 12; 22 3 12; 23 3 1324 4 13; 25 4 14; 26 5 14; 27 5 15; 28 6 15; 29 6 16; 30 6 17; 31 7 1732 7 18; 33 8 18; 34 8 19; 35 9 19; 36 9 20; 37 10 20UNIT INCHES KNSMEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN11 TO 20 TABLE LD L35354 SP .181 TO 10 TABLE LD L35354 SP .1821 TO 27 31 TO 37 TABLE LD L20202 SP .1828 TO 30 TABLE LD L20203 SP .18MEMBER TRUSS21 TO 37UNIT METER KNSCONSTANTE STEEL ALLDENSITY STEEL ALLPOISSON STEEL ALLBETA 180. MEMB 1 TO 10SUPPORT1 FIXED6 11 PINNEDLOAD 1 DEAD LOADSELFWEIGHT Y -1.MEMBER LOAD11 TO 20 UNI GY -1.21 TO 10 UNI GY -2.4LOAD 2 LIVE LOADMEMBER LOAD11 TO 20 UNI GY -4.2LOAD 3 WIND LOADMEMBER LOAD11 TO 15 UNI Y -2.416 TO 20 UNI Y 5.58


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LOAD COMB 4 DL+LL1 1. 2 1.LOAD COMB 5 DL+WL1 1. 3 1.LOAD COMB 6 0.75(DL+LL+WL)1 .75 2 .75 3 .75UNIT INCHES KIPPERFORM ANALYSISLOAD LIST ALLPARAMETERCODE AISCTRACK 1. ALLCB 0. ALLRATIO .9 ALLBEAM 1. MEMB 1 TO 20CHECK CODE ALLUNIT METER KGSTEEL MEMBER TAKE OFFUNIT METER KNSPRINT MEMBER FORCES ALLPRINT SUPPORT REACTIONSFINISH


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Tabulated Results of Steel DesignFor code checking or member selection, the program produces the results in a tabu-lated fashion. The items in the output tables are explained as follows:

a) MEMBER refers to the member number for which the design is performed.

b) TABLE refers to the AISC steel section name which has been checkedagainst the steel code or has been selected.

c) RESULT prints whether the member has PASSed or FAILed. If the RESULTis FAIL, there will be an asterisk (*) mark in front of the member number.

d) CRITICAL COND refers to the section of the AISC code which governed thedesign.

e) RATIO prints the ratio of actual stresses to allowable stresses for the criticalcondition. Normally a value of 1.0 or less will mean member has passed.

f) LOADING provides the load case number which governed the design.

g) FX, MY and MZ provide the axial force, moment in local y-axis and momentin local z-axis respectively. Although STAAD does not consider all the mem-ber forces and moments to perform design, only FX MY and MZ are printedsince they are the ones which are of interest, in most cases.

h) LOCATION specifies the actual distance from the start of the member to thesection where design forces govern.

i) If the parameter TRACK is set to 1.0, the program will block out part of thetable and will print the allowable bending stresses in compression (FCY &FCZ) and tension (FTY & FTZ), allowable axial stress in compression (FA),and allowable shear stress (FV), all in kips per square inch. In addition,member length, area, section moduli, governing KL/r ration and CB arealso printed.

j) In the output for TRACK 2.0, the items Fey and Fez are as follows:

Fey =12 π2 E

23(KYLY/ry)2

Fez =23(KzLz/rz)

2

12 π2 E


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Sample Print Analysis (Steel Design)

SUPPORT REACTION:

STEEL TAKE-OFF:

DESIGN RESULT:


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FOUR-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

TYPICAL 2ND TO 4TH FLOOR PLAN


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FRONT ELEVATION

ROOF DECK PLAN


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SECTION THRU 'A-A'

FOUNDATION PLAN


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TYPICAL 2ND TO 4TH FLR. FRAMING PLAN

ROOF DECK FRAMING PLAN


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LOAD CRITERIAA. DEAD LOAD

Ceiling & Utilities - 0.5 KPaTopping & Finishes - 1.0 KPaTopping & Waterproofing - 1.9 KPa6" CHB Partition (Plastered) - 2.1 KPa4" CHB Partition (Plastered) - 2.1 KPa6" CHB Exterior wall w/ window - 2.1 KPa6" CHB - 3.5 KPaInterior Partition - 2.1 KPa

B. LIVE LOADOffice - 2.4 KPaRestroom - 2.4 KPaStorage/Hallway - 4.8 KPaRoof - 2.0 KPaMovable Partition - 1.0 KPaStairs - 4.8 KPa

Sample Computation: (Dead Load)

For 3.0 m x 7.5 m slab (w/o partition)

a. Short Side

S.S. = WS = (.5+1+3.5) * (3) 3 3 = 5.0 KN/M

b. Longer Side

L.S. = WS * 3 - M2 = (5*3) * (3 - (3 / 7.5)2) 3 2 3 2

= 7.1 KN/M

where: S

M = S LL


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ConstantsDensity = 23.5 kn/m3 (for column, girders, beams)

Modulus of ElasticityEc = 5000efc' MPa

use fc' = 27.6 MPa = 4000psiEc = 26.5 x 106 = 26.5E6

Property of Slab : Assume 6" thk = 0.15m

ACI LIMITATIONS

Minimum thickness of slab unless deflections are computed

Member End Condition fy=40 ksi fy=60 ksi

Solid one-way Simple support S/25 S/20

Slabs One-end Continuous S/30 S/34

Both ends S/35 S/18

Illustration

one-endcontinuous

both-endscontinuous


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TYPICAL 2ND - 4TH FLR.

MEMBER PROPERTIES(BEAMS,COLUMNS)

.6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3

.6 x

.3.6

x.3

.6 x

.3

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6 x

.3

.6 x.4.6

x.4

.6x.

4

.3x.2

.5x.

35

.5x.

35

.6 x.4.6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4

.6 x

.3

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6x.

4

.5x.

35

.6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3

.6 x

.3

.6x.

4

.6x.

4

.6x.

4

.6x.

4

.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25

.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25

.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25

.4x.

25

.4x.

25

.4x.

25

.45X

.3.4

5X.3

.45X

.3

.45X

.3.4

5X.3

.45X

.3

.45X

.3.4

5X.3

.45X

.3

.45X

.3.4

5X.3

.45X

.3

.4X

.25

.4X

.25

..4X

.25

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.4X

.20

.35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2

.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25


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ROOF DECK


DEAD LOAD(KN/m)

5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6

8.4

8.4

8.4

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

15.2

316

.8

15.2

316

.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

16.8

8.4

8.4

11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2

5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6

5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6

5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8

5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

8.1

8.1

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

16.2

8.1

8.1


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ROOF DECK


LIVE LOAD

3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8

3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

5.1

5.1

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

9.24

510

.2

9.24

510

.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

5.1

5.1

3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.02.0 2.0 2.0

4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.02.0 2.0 2.0

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

3.0

3.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.43

86.

0

5.43

86.

0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

3.0

3.0

2.0


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UBC 1997 LOAD DEFINITIONThis feature enables one to generate seismic loads per the UBC 97 specifications using astatic equivalent approach.

DescriptionThe seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directionsonly. Y is the direction of gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases wherethe Z axis is set to be the vertical direction using the "SET Z UP" command.

There are 2 stages of command specifications for generating lateral loads. This is the firststage and is activated through the DEFINE UBC LOAD command.

General Format

DEFINE UBC (ACCIDENTAL) LOADZONE f1 ubc-specSELFWEIGHTJOINT WEIGHTjoint-list WEIGHT wMEMBER WEIGHTmem-list (UNI ...)

ubc-spec= { I f2, RWX f3, RWZ f4, STYP f5, NA f6, NV f7 , (CT f8), (PX f9), (PZ f10) }

where,

f1 = Seismic zone coefficientf2 = Importance factorf3 = Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in X directionf4 = Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in Z directionf5 = Soil Profile typef6 = Near source factor Naf7 = Near source factor Nvf8 = Optional CT value to calculate time period based on

Method Af9 = Optional Period of structure (in sec.) in X-direction to

be used in Method Bf10 = Optional Period of structure (in sec.) in Z-direction to

be used in Method B


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STEP 1 . Click Command(menu)/Loading/Define Load/Seismic Load

STEP 2 . Choose type of UBC(1997,1994,IS1893). Fill in theparameters needed then clickSave button then Close.


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Concrete Design SpecificationThe concrete design procedure implemented in STAAD consists of the following steps:

1.) Initiating the design.2.) Specifying parameters.3.) Specifying design requirements.4.) Requesting quantity take-off.5.) Terminating the design.

Design InitiationPurpose

This command is used to initiate the concrete design.

General Format

START CONCRETE DESIGN

DescriptionThis command initiates the concrete design specification. With this, the design param-

eters are automatically set to the default values. Without this command, none of the follow-ing concrete design commands will be recognized.

NotesThis command must be present before any concrete design is used.

Concrete Design-Parameter SpecificationPurpose

This set of commands may be used to specify parameters to control the concrete de-sign.

General Format

CODE

parameter-name f1

MEMBER memb/elem list

(ALL)

ACI / BRITISH / CANADIAN/FRENCH / GERMAN / INDIA /JAPAN / NORWAY


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DescriptionParameter-name described below.

f1 = is the value of the parameter. Note that this value is always input in current units. TheUNIT command is also accepted during any phase of concrete design.

Parameter Name

Default Value

Description

FYMAIN *60,000 psi Yield strength for main reinforcement steel.

FYSEC *60,000 psi Yield strength for secondary steel.

CLT *1.5 inch Clear cover for top reinforcement.

CLB *1.5 inch Clear cover for bottom reinforcement.

FC *4,000 psi Compressive Strength of Concrete

CLS *1.5 inch Clear cover for side reinforcement.

MINMAIN** Number 4 bar Min. main reinforcement bar size(No. 4 -18)

MINSEC** Number 4 bar Min. secondary reinforcement bar size

MAXMAIN** Number 18 bar Max. main reinforcement bar size

SFACE *0.0 Face of support location at start of beam. Ifspecified, the shear force at start iscomputed at a distance of SFACE+d fromthe start joint of the member.

EFACE *0.0 Face of support location at end of beam.(Note: Both SFACE & EFACE are input aspositive numbers) If specified, the shearforce at end is computed at a distance ofEFACE+d from the end joint of the member.

REINF 0.0 Tied column. A value of 1 will mean spiral.

MMAG 1.0(for column only)

A factor by which the column designmoments will be magnified.

WIDTH *ZD Width of concrete member. This valuedefaults to ZD as provided under MEMBERPROPERTIES

DEPTH *YD Depth of concrete member. This valuedefaults to YD as provided under MEMBERPROPERTIES


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Parameter Name

Default Value

Description

NSECTION 12 Number of equally-spaced sections to beconsidered in finding critical moments forbeam design

TRACK 0.0 BEAM DESIGN:With TRACK set 0.0. Critical Moment will notbe printed out with beam design report. Avalue of 1.0 will mean a print out. A value of2.0 will print out required steel areas for allintermediate sections specified byNSECTION.

COLUMN DESIGN:TRACK 0.0 prints out detailed design results.TRACK 1.0 prints out column interactionanalysis results in addition to TRACK 0.0output. TRACK 2.0 prints out a schematicinteraction diagram and intermediateinteraction values in addition to all of above.

* These values must be provided in the current unit system being used.** When using metric units for ACI design, provide values for these parameters

in actual 'mm' units instead of the bar number. The following metric bar sizesare available: 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm 32 mm,40 mm, 50 mm, and 60 mm.


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STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Concrete.

STEP 3. Click Define Parameters...button.

STEP 2. Select the Code.

STEP 4. Click the tab what parameter you want to specify.

STEP 5. Click Add button then Close.


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STEP 6. Select the Parameter name from Design window.

STEP 7.Select the members/elements where the parameter is to applied.

STEP 8. Select Assigned to Selected Beam/Plates then click Assign button.


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Concrete Design CommandPurpose

This command may be used to specify the type of design required. Members may bedesigned as BEAM, COLUMN or ELEMENT.

General Format

DESIGNBEAMCOLUMNELEMENTSLAB

memb-list

(ALL)

DescriptionMembers to be designed must be specified as BEAM, COLUMN or ELEMENT. Note that members,once designed as beam, cannot be redesigned as a column again, or vice versa.


STEP 2. Click Command... button from Design window.

STEP 3. Click the tab what command you want to applythen Add button.


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STEP 4. Click Design command from design window.

STEP 5. Select the member/beam/plate.

Note: Press Ctrl key while selecting members to add more members.

STEP 6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then click Assign button.


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Concrete Take Off CommandPurpose

This command may be used to obtain an estimate of the total volume of the concrete,reinforcement bars used and their respective weights.

General Format

CONCRETE TAKE OFFSample

*********** CONCRETE TAKE OFF ***********(FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS DESIGNED ABOVE)

TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 87.50 CU. FT.

BAR SIZE WEIGHTNUMBER (in lbs)------------- ----------- 4 805.03 6 91.60 8 1137.60 9 653.84 11 818.67-------------*** TOTAL = 3506.74


STEP 2. Click Command... button from Design window.

STEP 3. Click Take Off tab then click Add.


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Concrete Design TerminatorPurpose

This command must be used to terminate the concrete design.

General Format

END CONCRETE DESIGN

DescriptionThis command terminates the concrete design, after which normal STAAD commands resume.

Sample:START CONCRETE DESIGNCODE ACIFYMAIN 40.0 ALLFC 3.0 ALLDESIGN BEAM 1 TO 4 7DESIGN COLUMN 9 12 TO 16DESIGN ELEMENT 20 TO 30END

NotesWithout this command, further STAAD commands will not be recognized


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Footing Design SpecificationPurpose

This set of commands may be used to specify footing design requirements.

DescriptionThis facility may be used to design isolate footins for user specified support joints. Once

the support is specified , the program automatically identifies the support reaction(s) associ-ated with the joint. All active load cases are checked and design is performed for the supportreaction(s) that rquires the maximum footing size. Parameters are available to control thedesign. Dowel bars and development lengths are also calculated and included in the designoutput.

Design Considerations

The STAAD isolated footing design is based on the following considerations.

1) The design reaction load may include concentrated load and biaxial moments.2) The vertical reaction load is increased by 10% to account for the selfweight

of the footing.3) Footing slab size is rectangular. The user through a parameter may control

the ratio between the length and the width of the slab.4) Optional pedestal design is available.5) Footing cannot be designed at supports where the reaction causes uplift on

the footings.6) This facility is currently available for the American code only.

The following sequential design procedure is followed:

1) Footing size is calculated on the basis of the load directly available from theanalysis results (support reactions) and user specified Allowable Soil

Pressure. No factor is used on the support reactions.2) The footing size obtained from 1) and the FACTORED LOAD is utilized to

calculate soil reactions

FACTORED LOAD = ACTUAL REACTION X Parameter FFAC

Note that the user may provide a desired value for parameter FFAC3) Footing depth and reinforcement details are based on soil reactions calculated

per 2) above.4) Dowel bar requirements and development lenght are calculated and reported

in the output.

Design Considerations


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Following parameters are available for footing design.

Parameter Name

Default Value

Description

FY 60,000 psi Yield strength for reinforcement steel.

FC 3,000 psi

REINF Number 9 bar Main reinforcement bar size for slab design

FFAC 1.0 Load factor for concrete design

CLEAR 3.0 inch Clear cover for slab reinforcement

BC 3000 psf Soil bearing capacity

RATIO 1.0 Ration between slab sides

TRACK 1.0 1.0 = only numerical output is provided2.0 = numerical output and sketch provided

DEPTH Calculated by theprogram

The min. depth of the footing base slab.Program changes this value if required fordesign.

S1, S2 Calculated by theprogram

Size of the footing base slab - S1 and S2correspond to column sides YD and ZDrespectively. Either S1 and S2 or both can bespecified. If one is provided, the other willbe calculated based on RATIO. If both areprovided, RATIO will be ignored

EMBEDMENT 0.0 The depth of the footing base from thesupport point of the column.

PEDESTAL 0.0 0.0 = no pedestal design1.0 = pedestal design with programcalculating pedestal dimensionsX1 X2 - pedestal desigh with user providedpedestal dimensions. X1 and X2 are pedestaldimensions corresponding to slab sides S1and S2 respectively.

Design Parameters

Compressive Strength of Concrete


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Design InitiationPurpose

This command may be used to initiate the footing design.

General Format

START FOOTING DESIGN

DescriptionThis command initiates the footing design specifications. Without this command, no further

footing design command will be recognized.

NotesNo footing design specification will be processed without this command.

Footing Design Parameter SpecificationPurpose

This command is used to specify parameters that may be used to control the footingdesign.

General Format

CODEAMERICANBRITISHCANADIANFRENCHGERMANINDIAJAPANNORWAY

JOINT joint-list

(ALL)parameter-name f1

Descriptionf1 is the value of the parameter. Note that this value should be in the current units. The UNIT command is also accepted during any phase of footing design.

NotesNo footing design specification will be processed without this command.


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Footing Design CommandPurpose

This command must be used to execute the footing design.

General Format

DESIGN FOOTINGjoint-list

(ALL)Description

This command may be used to specify the joints for which the footing designsare required.

NotesThe output of this command may be controlled by the TRACK parameter. If

TRACK is set to the default value of 1.0, only numerical output will be provided. IfTRACK is set to 2.0, graphical output will be provided in addition.

Footing Design TerminatorPurpose

This command must be used to terminate the footing design.

General Format

END FOOTING DESIGN

DescriptionThis command terminates the footing design.

NotesIf the footing desing is not terminated, no further STAAD command will be rec-

ognized.


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STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Footing.

STEP 2. Click Define Parameter.. button to define specify parameter.

STEP 3. Select the parameter name and define the value.

STEP 4. Click Add after specifying each parameter. Click Close to quit from this command.


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Sample Input file (Reinforced Concrete)STAAD SPACE 4-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDINGINPUT WIDTH 72UNIT METER KNSJOINT COORDINATES1 0. 4. 0.; 2 30. 4. 0.; 3 6. 4. 0.; 4 12. 4. 0.; 5 18. 4. 0.6 24. 4. 0.; 7 0. 4. 7.5; 8 30. 4. 7.5; 9 6. 4. 7.5; 10 12. 4. 7.511 18. 4. 7.5; 12 24. 4. 7.5; 13 0. 4. 15.; 14 30. 4. 15.; 15 6. 4. 15.16 12. 4. 15.; 17 18. 4. 15.; 18 24. 4. 15.; 19 0. 4. 17.20 30. 4. 17.; 21 6. 4. 17.; 22 12. 4. 17.; 23 18. 4. 17.24 24. 4. 17.; 25 14.5 4. 0.; 26 12. 4. 4.5; 27 14.5 4. 7.528 14.5 4. 4.5; 29 0. 0. 0.; 30 0. 0. 7.5; 31 0. 0. 15.; 32 6. 0. 0.33 6. 0. 7.5; 34 6. 0. 15.; 35 12. 0. 0.; 36 12. 0. 7.5; 37 12. 0. 15.38 18. 0. 0.; 39 18. 0. 7.5; 40 18. 0. 15.; 41 24. 0. 0.; 42 24. 0. 7.543 24. 0. 15.; 44 30. 0. 0.; 45 30. 0. 7.5; 46 30. 0. 15.; 47 0. 7. 0.48 30. 7. 0.; 49 6. 7. 0.; 50 12. 7. 0.; 51 18. 7. 0.; 52 24. 7. 0.53 0. 7. 7.5; 54 30. 7. 7.5; 55 6. 7. 7.5; 56 12. 7. 7.5; 57 18. 7. 7.558 24. 7. 7.5; 59 0. 7. 15.; 60 30. 7. 15.; 61 6. 7. 15.; 62 12. 7. 15.63 18. 7. 15.; 64 24. 7. 15.; 65 0. 7. 17.; 66 30. 7. 17.; 67 6. 7. 17.68 12. 7. 17.; 69 18. 7. 17.; 70 24. 7. 17.; 71 14.5 7. 0.72 12. 7. 4.5; 73 14.5 7. 7.5; 74 14.5 7. 4.5; 75 0. 10. 0.76 30. 10. 0.; 77 6. 10. 0.; 78 12. 10. 0.; 79 18. 10. 0.80 24. 10. 0.; 81 0. 10. 7.5; 82 30. 10. 7.5; 83 6. 10. 7.584 12. 10. 7.5; 85 18. 10. 7.5; 86 24. 10. 7.5; 87 0. 10. 15.88 30. 10. 15.; 89 6. 10. 15.; 90 12. 10. 15.; 91 18. 10. 15.92 24. 10. 15.; 93 0. 10. 17.; 94 30. 10. 17.; 95 6. 10. 17.96 12. 10. 17.; 97 18. 10. 17.; 98 24. 10. 17.; 99 14.5 10. 0.100 12. 10. 4.5; 101 14.5 10. 7.5; 102 14.5 10. 4.5; 103 0. 13. 0.104 30. 13. 0.; 105 6. 13. 0.; 106 12. 13. 0.; 107 18. 13. 0.108 24. 13. 0.; 109 0. 13. 7.5; 110 30. 13. 7.5; 111 6. 13. 7.5112 12. 13. 7.5; 113 18. 13. 7.5; 114 24. 13. 7.5; 115 0. 13. 15.116 30. 13. 15.; 117 6. 13. 15.; 118 12. 13. 15.; 119 18. 13. 15.120 24. 13. 15.; 121 0. 13. 17.; 122 30. 13. 17.; 123 6. 13. 17.124 12. 13. 17.; 125 18. 13. 17.; 126 24. 13. 17.MEMBER INCIDENCES1 1 3; 2 3 4; 3 4 25; 4 5 6; 5 6 2; 6 7 9; 7 9 10; 8 10 27; 9 11 1210 12 8; 11 13 15; 12 15 16; 13 16 17; 14 17 18; 15 18 14; 16 19 2117 21 22; 18 22 23; 19 23 24; 20 24 20; 21 1 7; 22 7 13; 23 13 1924 3 9; 25 9 15; 26 15 21; 27 4 26; 28 10 16; 29 16 22; 30 5 1131 11 17; 32 17 23; 33 6 12; 34 12 18; 35 18 24; 36 2 8; 37 8 1438 14 20; 39 25 5; 40 26 10; 41 27 11; 42 25 27; 43 26 28; 44 1 2945 7 30; 46 13 31; 47 3 32; 48 9 33; 49 15 34; 50 4 35; 51 10 3652 16 37; 53 5 38; 54 11 39; 55 17 40; 56 6 41; 57 12 42; 58 18 4359 2 44; 60 8 45; 61 14 46; 78 47 49; 79 49 50; 80 50 71; 81 51 5282 52 48; 83 53 55; 84 55 56; 85 56 73; 86 57 58; 87 58 54; 88 59 6189 61 62; 90 62 63; 91 63 64; 92 64 60; 93 65 67; 94 67 68; 95 68 6996 69 70; 97 70 66; 98 47 53; 99 53 59; 100 59 65; 101 49 55; 102 55 61103 61 67; 104 50 72; 105 56 62; 106 62 68; 107 51 57; 108 57 63109 63 69; 110 52 58; 111 58 64; 112 64 70; 113 48 54; 114 54 60115 60 66; 116 71 51; 117 72 56; 118 73 57; 119 71 73; 120 72 74121 47 1; 122 53 7; 123 59 13; 124 49 3; 125 55 9; 126 61 15; 127 50 4128 56 10; 129 62 16; 130 51 5; 131 57 11; 132 63 17; 133 52 6134 58 12; 135 64 18; 136 48 2; 137 54 8; 138 60 14; 155 75 77156 77 78; 157 78 99; 158 79 80; 159 80 76; 160 81 83; 161 83 84162 84 101; 163 85 86; 164 86 82; 165 87 89; 166 89 90; 167 90 91168 91 92; 169 92 88; 170 93 95; 171 95 96; 172 96 97; 173 97 98174 98 94; 175 75 81; 176 81 87; 177 87 93; 178 77 83; 179 83 89180 89 95; 181 78 100; 182 84 90; 183 90 96; 184 79 85; 185 85 91186 91 97; 187 80 86; 188 86 92; 189 92 98; 190 76 82; 191 82 88192 88 94; 193 99 79; 194 100 84; 195 101 85; 196 99 101; 197 100 102198 75 47; 199 81 53; 200 87 59; 201 77 49; 202 83 55; 203 89 61204 78 50; 205 84 56; 206 90 62; 207 79 51; 208 85 57; 209 91 63210 80 52; 211 86 58; 212 92 64; 213 76 48; 214 82 54; 215 88 60232 103 105; 233 105 106; 235 107 108; 236 108 104; 237 109 111238 111 112; 240 113 114; 241 114 110; 242 115 117; 243 117 118244 118 119; 245 119 120; 246 120 116; 247 121 123; 248 123 124249 124 125; 250 125 126; 251 126 122; 252 103 109; 253 109 115254 115 121; 255 105 111; 256 111 117; 257 117 123; 259 112 118


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260 118 124; 261 107 113; 262 113 119; 263 119 125; 264 108 114265 114 120; 266 120 126; 267 104 110; 268 110 116; 269 116 122275 103 75; 276 109 81; 277 115 87; 278 105 77; 279 111 83; 280 117 89281 106 78; 282 112 84; 283 118 90; 284 107 79; 285 113 85; 286 119 91287 108 80; 288 114 86; 289 120 92; 290 104 76; 291 110 82; 292 116 88308 106 112; 309 112 113; 310 106 107ELEMENT INCIDENCES62 9 7 13 15; 63 15 13 19 21; 64 10 9 15 16; 65 16 15 21 2266 11 10 16 17; 67 17 16 22 23; 68 12 11 17 18; 69 18 17 23 2470 8 12 18 14; 71 14 18 24 20; 72 3 1 7 9; 73 4 3 9 10; 74 6 5 11 1275 2 6 12 8; 76 4 26 28 25; 77 25 27 11 5; 139 55 53 59 61140 61 59 65 67; 141 56 55 61 62; 142 62 61 67 68; 143 57 56 62 63144 63 62 68 69; 145 58 57 63 64; 146 64 63 69 70; 147 54 58 64 60148 60 64 70 66; 149 49 47 53 55; 150 50 49 55 56; 151 52 51 57 58152 48 52 58 54; 153 50 72 74 71; 154 71 73 57 51; 216 83 81 87 89217 89 87 93 95; 218 84 83 89 90; 219 90 89 95 96; 220 85 84 90 91221 91 90 96 97; 222 86 85 91 92; 223 92 91 97 98; 224 82 86 92 88225 88 92 98 94; 226 77 75 81 83; 227 78 77 83 84; 228 80 79 85 86229 76 80 86 82; 230 78 100 102 99; 231 99 101 85 79293 111 109 115 117; 294 117 115 121 123; 295 112 111 117 118296 118 117 123 124; 297 113 112 118 119; 298 119 118 124 125299 114 113 119 120; 300 120 119 125 126; 301 110 114 120 116302 116 120 126 122; 303 105 103 109 111; 304 106 105 111 112305 108 107 113 114; 306 104 108 114 110; 307 107 106 112 113START GROUP DEFINITION_B-1 43 120 197_B-2 42 119 196_B-3 16 20 93 97 170 174_B-4 17 19 94 96 171 173_B-5 18 95 172_B-6 1 5 78 82 155 159_B-7 2 4 79 81 156 158_B-8 3 39 80 116 157 193_B-9 6 10 83 87 160 164_B-10 7 9 84 86 161 163_B-11 8 41 85 118 162 195_B-12 11 15 88 92 165 169_B-13 12 14 89 91 166 168_B-14 13 90 167_B-15 22 37 99 114 176 191_B-16 21 36 98 113 175 190_B-17 25 34 102 111 179 188_B-18 24 33 101 110 178 187_B-19 28 31 105 108 182 185_B-20 27 30 40 104 107 117 181 184 194_CB-1 23 38 100 115 177 192_CB-2 26 35 103 112 180 189_CB-3 29 32 106 109 183 186_RB-1 247 251_RB-2 248 250_RB-3 249_RB-4 232 236_RB-5 233 235_RB-6 310_RB-7 237 241_RB-8 238 240_RB-9 309_RB-10 242 246_RB-11 243 245_RB-12 244_RB-13 253 268_RB-14 252 267_RB-15 256 259 262 265_RB-16 255 261 264 308_RCB1 254 269_RCB2 257 260 263 266END


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MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN_B-1 PRI YD .3 ZD .15_B-2 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_B-3 PRI YD .4 ZD .2_B-4 PRI YD .4 ZD .2_B-5 PRI YD .4 ZD .2_B-6 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-7 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-8 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-9 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-10 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-11 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-12 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-13 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-14 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_B-15 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_B-16 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_B-17 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_B-18 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_B-19 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_B-20 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_CB-1 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_CB-2 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_CB-3 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_RB-1 PRI YD .4 ZD .2_RB-2 PRI YD .4 ZD .2_RB-3 PRI YD .4 ZD .2_RB-4 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-5 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-6 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-7 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-8 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-9 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-10 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-11 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-12 PRI YD .55 ZD .3_RB-13 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_RB-14 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_RB-15 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_RB-16 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_RCB1 PRI YD .5 ZD .25_RCB2 PRI YD .5 ZD .2544 TO 61 121 TO 138 198 TO 215 275 TO 292 PRI YD .45 ZD .45ELEMENT PROPERTY62 TO 77 139 TO 154 216 TO 231 293 TO 307 THICKNESS .15CONSTANTE CONCRETE ALLDENSITY CONCRETE ALLPOISSON CONCRETE ALLSUPPORT29 TO 46 FIXEDDEFINE UBC ACCIDENTAL LOADZONE .4 I 1.25 RWX 10. RWZ 10. S 1.5SELFWEIGHTMEMBER WEIGHT78 TO 82 116 155 TO 159 193 UNI 10.383 TO 87 118 160 TO 164 195 UNI 15.388 TO 92 165 TO 169 UNI 7.598 99 113 114 175 176 190 191 UNI 11.101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 117 178 179 181 182 184 185 187 188 -194 UNI 16.7100 103 106 109 112 115 177 180 183 186 189 192 UNI 5.3232 233 235 236 310 UNI 8.237 238 240 241 309 UNI 11.7242 TO 246 UNI 7.2247 TO 251 UNI 5.6252 253 267 268 UNI 8.6255 256 259 261 262 264 265 308 UNI 12.9254 269 UNI 3.2257 260 263 266 UNI 2.11 TO 5 39 UNI 11.36 TO 10 41 UNI 16.311 TO 15 UNI 7.5


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16 TO 20 UNI 8.821 22 36 37 UNI 12.24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 40 UNI 17.723 26 29 32 35 38 UNI 6.3LOAD 1 UBC ALONG X DIRECTIONUBC LOAD X 1.LOAD 2 UBC ALONG Z DIRECTIONUBC LOAD Z 1.LOAD 3 DEAD LOADSELFWEIGHT Y -1.MEMBER LOAD78 TO 82 116 155 TO 159 193 UNI GY -10.383 TO 87 118 160 TO 164 195 UNI GY -15.388 TO 92 165 TO 169 UNI GY -7.598 99 113 114 175 176 190 191 UNI GY -11.101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 117 178 179 181 182 184 185 187 188 -194 UNI GY -16.7100 103 106 109 112 115 177 180 183 186 189 192 UNI GY -5.3232 233 235 236 310 UNI GY -8.237 238 240 241 309 UNI GY -11.7242 TO 246 UNI GY -7.2247 TO 251 UNI GY -5.6252 253 267 268 UNI GY -8.6255 256 259 261 262 264 265 308 UNI GY -12.9254 269 UNI GY -3.2257 260 263 266 UNI GY -2.11 TO 5 39 UNI GY -11.36 TO 10 41 UNI GY -16.311 TO 15 UNI GY -7.516 TO 20 UNI GY -8.821 22 36 37 UNI GY -12.24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 40 UNI GY -17.723 26 29 32 35 38 UNI GY -6.3LOAD 4 LIVE LOADFLOOR LOADYR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5YR 4. 4. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5YR 4. 4. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15.YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5YR 7. 7. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5YR 7. 7. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15.YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5YR 10. 10. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5YR 10. 10. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15.YR 13. 13. FLOAD -2. XR 0. 30. ZR 0. 15.AREA LOAD30 42 107 119 184 196 ALOAD -4.811 TO 20 88 TO 97 165 TO 174 ALOAD -2.4242 TO 251 ALOAD -2.LOAD COMB 5 1.4DL + 1.7LL3 1.4 4 1.7LOAD COMB 6 .75( 1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.87UBCX)1 1.402 3 1.05 4 1.275LOAD COMB 7 .9DL + 1.43UBCX1 1.43 3 .9LOAD COMB 8 .75( 1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.87UBCZ)2 1.402 3 1.05 4 1.275LOAD COMB 9 .9DL + 1.43UBCZ2 1.43 3 .9


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PERFORM ANALYSISLOAD LIST 5 TO 9START CONCRETE DESIGNCODE ACIFYMAIN 2.76E5 ALLFYSEC 2.76E5 MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 -240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310FC 27600. ALLMINMAIN 25. MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 -240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310MAXMAIN 25. MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 -240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 43 78 TO 120 155 TO 197 232 233 235 TO 238 -240 TO 257 259 TO 269 308 TO 310DESIGN COLUMN 21 TO 38 40 44 TO 61 98 TO 115 117 121 TO 138 -175 TO 192 194 198 TO 215 252 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308DESIGN ELEMENT 62 TO 77 139 TO 154 216 TO 231 293 TO 307CONCRETE TAKE OFFEND CONCRETE DESIGNPRINT SUPPORT REACTIONSFINISH


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Description of Output for Beam Design

1) LEVEL Serial number of bar level which may contain one or more bargroup

2) HEIGHT Height of bar level from the bottom of the beam.

3) BAR INFO Reinforcement bar information specifying number of bars and barsize

4) FROM Distance from the start of the beam to the start of the reinforcement bar

5) TO Distance from the start of the beam to th end of the reinforcementbar

6) ANCHORStates whether anchorage either a hook or continuation, is neededat start (STA) or at the end.

7) ROW Actually required flexural reinforcement (As/bd) where b=width ofcross section (ZD for rectangular and square section) andd=effective depth of cross section (YD - distance from extremetension fiber to the c.g. of main reinforcement)

8) ROWMN Mininum required flexural reinforcement (Amin/bd)9) ROWMX Maximum allowable flexural reinforcement (Amax/bd)10) SPACING Distance between centers of adjacent hars for main reinforcement11) Vu Factored shear force at section12) Vc Nominal shear strength provided by concrete13) Vs Nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement14) Tu Factored torsional moment at section15) Tc Nominal torsional moment strength provided by concrete16) Ts Nominal torsional moment strength provided by torsion reinforce-

ment

(STA/END)


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Sample Print of Analysis(Beam Design)


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Description of Output for Column DesignThe column interaction values may be obtained by using the design parameter TRACK 1.0 or TRACK2.0 for the column member. If a value of 2.0 is used for TRACK parameter, 12 different Pn-Mn pairs,each representing a different point on the Pn-Mn curve are printed. Each of these points representsone of the several Pn-Mn combinations that this column is capable of carrying about the given axis, forthe actual reinforcement that the column has been design for. In case the circular columnsm, thevalues are for any of the radial axes. The values printed for the TRACK 1.0 output are:

1) PO Maximum purely axial load carrying capacity of the column(zeromoment)

2) Pnmax Maximum allowable axial load on the column

3) P-bal Axial load capacity at balanced strain condition

4) M-bal Uniaxial moment capacity at balanced strain condition

5) e-bal M-bal / P-bal = Eccentricity at balanced strain condition

6) P-tens Maximum permissible tensile load on the column

7) Des.Pn Pu /PHI where PHI is the Strength Reduction Factor and Pu is theaxial load for the critical load case.

8) Des.Mn Mu*MMAG/PHI where PHI is the Strength Reduction Factor and Muis the bending moment for the appropriate axis for the critical loadcase. For circular columns,

Mu = e M2uy + M2

uz

9) e/h (Mn/Pn)/h where h is the length of the column


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Sample Print Analysis of Column DesignSample Print Analysis of Column Design

Using Graphical User Interface

Note: Just double click the member and the dialog box willappear similar as shown above.


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Sample Print Analysis of Footing Design


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The STAAD/Pro Toolbars

File Toolbar

New Structure

Open Structure

Close StructureSave Copy Cut

Paste

Undo

STAAD Editor

STARDYNE Output

STAAD Output

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionNew Structure

Open StructureClose StructureSave

Copy

Cut

Opens a new structure file

Opens an existing structure file

Closes the current structure fileSaves the current structure fileCopy selected objects to the clipboard

File | NewFile | OpenFile | Close

File | Save

Cut(delete and copy) selected objectsto the clipboard

Edit | Copy

Edit | Cut

Paste objects from the clipboard Edit | PastePaste

Undo the last action Edit | UndoUndoSTAAD Editor Opens the STAAD Editor with the

current Command FileEdit | Edit Command File

STAAD Output View STAAD Output File File | View | Output File |STAAD Output

STARDYNEOutput

View STARDYNE Output File File | View | Output File |STARDYNE Output


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Print Toolbar

Print

Print Preview

Print Report Take Picture

Print Current View

Print Preview Current View

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionPrint Prints the current report created using

the Report Setup optionFile | Print | Report

Print Preview Previews the current report created using the Report Setup option

File | Print | Preview Report

Report Setup Offers facilities to set up the contents ofcustomized report

File | Report Setup

Take Picture Takes picture of the current graphicswindow. The picture may be includedlater in the customized reports

Edit | Take Picture

Print Current View To print the current view of the structure

Print Current To print the current preview of thestructure

Rotate Toolbar

Front View

Side View

Plan View

Isometric View Rotate Up

Rotate Down

Rotate Left

Rotate Left

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionFront View Displays the structure in corresponding

view.

Rotates the relative position of the eyewith respect to the structure. Usingarrow keys in the keyboard has the sameeffect

View | Orientation,menu option allows to specicythe relative position of eye w/respect to the structure

Side ViewPlan ViewIsometric View

View | Orientation

Rotate UpRotate DownRotate LeftRotate Right


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View Toolbar

DynamicZoom

Zoom All

Zoom In

Zoom OutZoom Factor

Zoom Window

Zoom Previous

Pan

Active Load

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option

Dynamic Zoom Zooms in the selected portion of thestructure in a new view window.

View | Zoom | Dynamic Zoom

Zoom All Displays the entire structure within thebounds of the viewing area.

Zoom In

Zoom OutZooms out of the structure by a fixedpercentage.

View | Zoom | Zoom All

Zooms in the structure by a fixedpercentage.

View | Zoom | Zoom In

View | Zoom | Zoom Out

Zoom FactorZooms in or out of the structure byspecifying a magnification factor View | Zoom | Zoom Factor

Zoom WindowZooms in the selected portion of thestructure in the current view window

View | Zoom | Zoom Window

Pan Moves the structure in the current view View | Pan

Active Load Scrollbox for selecting the activeloadcase for which results are displayed Results | Select Load Case


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Mode Toolbar

Tables

Input Units

Cut Section

Symbols & Labels Loads

DimensionInfo

Scale


TablesAllows user to select which tablesappear on screen

View | Tables

Input Units Sets the Units of length and force

Cut Section

Symbols &Labels

Turns on/off display of Beam/NodeLabels, Support icons, etc.

Tools | Set Current Unit

Cuts cross-section of the structure Tools | Cut Section

View | Customize View, Label tab

Load Switches to the General | Load Page General | Load Page

Dimension Displays dimension of the members inthe structure

Tools | Dimension

Info Displays general information about thestructure Setup | Job Page, More button

Scale Adjusts scales for different items suchas Displacement, Loads, etc. View | Customize View, Scales tab

Modelling

PostProcessing Piping

Page Control

Structure Toolbar

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionModelling Switches to Modelling Mode Mode | Modeling

Post Processing Switches to Post-Processing Mode

Piping

Page Control Turns Page Control on/off

Mode | Post Modeling

Switches to Piping Mode Mode | Piping

Mode | Page Control


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Results Toolbar

Axial Force

Shear Y Force

Shear Z ForceTorsion

Bending Y Moment

Bending Z Moment

Beam Stress

Plate Stress

Solid StressDeflection Mode Shape

Animate

ResultsShape


Axial ForceDisplays Axial Force diagrams on thestructure

View | Customize View, Loadsand Results tab

Shear Y Force Displays Shear Force Y diagrams on thestructure

Shear Z Force

Torsion

Bending Y Moment Displays Bending Moment Y diagramson the structure

Results | Bending Moment

Beam Stress Displays Beam Stresses diagram on thestructure

Plate Stress Displays Plate Stress contours on thestructure


Displays Shear Force Z diagrams on thestructure


Displays Torsion diagrams on thestructure



Bending Z Moment Displays Bending Moment Z diagramson the structure

Results | Beam Stress

Results | Plate Stress Contour

Solid Stress

Deflection Displays the Deflected Shape on thestructure

Results | Mode ShapeDisplacement

Animate Animates the Deflection or Mode Shapes

Results SetupBrings up the Results Setup dialog boxfor changing Load Case, Range, etc., forviewing output

Displays Solid Stress contours on thestructure

Results | Solid Stress Contour

Results | Deflection

Mode Shapes Displays Mode Shapes on the structure

Results | Animation

None


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Selection Toolbar

Node Cursor

Beams Cursor

Plates CursorPlates Cursor

Solid Cursor

Geometry Cursor

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionNodes Cursor Allows nodes to be selected Select | Nodes Cursor

Beam Cursor Allows beams to be selected

Solid Cursor

Geometry Cursor Allows any geometry to be selected

Allows solids to be selected Select | Solid Cursor

Select | Geometry Cursor

Select | Beams Cursor

Plates Cursor Allows plates to be selected Select | Plates Cursor

Geometry Toolbar

Add Beams

Add 3-Noded Plates

Add 4-Noded PlatesSnap Node / Beam

Snap Node / Plate

Add Solids

Insert Node

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionAdd Beams Allows beams to be added between

existing nodesGeometry | Add Beam

Add 3-NodedPlates

Allows triangular plates to be addedbetween existing nodes

Snap Node / Beam Allows beams to be created by snapping node-to-node

Geometry | Snap Grid/Node |Beam

Add 4-NodedPlates

Geometry | Add Plate | Triangle

Allows quadrilateral plates to beadded between existing nodes

Geometry | Add Plate | Quad

Add Solids Allows solid to be added between existing nodes

Geometry | Add Solid

Snap Node / Plate Allows plates to be created by snapping node-to-node

Geometry | Snap Grid/Node |Plate

Inserts a node into a beam/plate/solid Geometry | Insert NodeInsert Node


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Generate Toolbar

Translational Repeat

Circular Repeat Mirror

Move Selection

Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page optionTranslationalRepeat

Copies (or repeats) selected portionsof the structure a specified number oftimes at specified linear displacements

Geometry | Translational Repeat

Circular Repeat Copies (or repeats) selected portionsof the structure a specified number oftimes at specified circular displacements

Geometry | Circular Repeat

Mirror Mirrors selected portions of thestructure about a given axis

Geometry | Mirror

Property Page

Moves selected members a specifieddistance

Geometry | Move

Structure Tools Toolbar

Property Page

Support Page Specification Page

Load Page

Function Corresponding Menu/Page option

Brings up the General | Property Page General | Property

Toolbar icon

Support Page Brings up the General | Support Page General | Support

Specification Page Brings up the General | Spec Page General | Spec

Load Page Brings up the General | Load Page General |Load


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IBM/PC or PC compatible.

Intel Micro-processor

COMPUTER HARDWARE (Parts and History)

A. Systems UnitA box shape part of computer containing the computer’s CPU (CentralProcessing Unit), motherboard, interface cards, simm rams, data storagedevice & drives. The most popular models is Pentium III. The PC AT'swere obsolete models and were popular day the 80's.

Electronic Data Processing (EDP)

Hardware - refers to the computer itself and peripheralsSoftware - refers to program and dataPeopleware - refers to the user / operator

Development of IBM-PC / compatible computers

I. 80286 model - a clone of IBM's AT which was based on Inte 80286 microprocessorand can address 16 MB of memory, but it was always operated with PC or MSDOS (obsolete).

II.80386 Model - a computer built around a 80386 microprocessor. It uses the samebus (internal communications system) as an 80286 machine. An 80386 CPU, dueto hardware design, limits physical memory to 16 MB.

a. 80386-Sxb. 80386-Dx

III. 80486 model - a computer built around an 80486 microprocessor. Data transfer was 32 bits per cycle, ithad a built-in math-coprocessor and can accomodate 8MB cache. An 80486 can address 64 MB ofphysical memory (obsolete).

a 80486 Dlc no math-cob. 80486-Sx no math-coc. 80486-Dx built-in math-cod. 80486-Dx2 built-in math-co

IV Pentium 450 MHZ to 1 GHz, latest PIIIhas 512k 2 level cache. It has an Intel speedstep technology. which allows faster internetcommunication & amazing 3D display &animation.The PIII -1GHz is equipped withan advance 0.18 micron processor.

CPU clock Expansion slotsfor I/O devices

Main processor

Memory Cache

SIMM RAMS

EDP


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mouse Track ball

Stylus penCursor (puck) Digitizer with stylus penand cursor (puck)

4. JOYSTICK - Popular for playing computer games. It can be moved in several directions.

5. TOUCH SCREENS - Works by merely pointing your finger at something on the screen. They workwell for pictorial images, but not for text.

6. LIGHTPENS- Pen shaped devices used to point objects & menus on screen. Used in CAD systems.

7. TOUCHPADS - Most common device in a laptop PC computers. It can be also seen in commercialuses like in automatic banking machines, appliances, and as key replacementfor traditional cash register keys.

8. BARCODE SCANNERS - used to scan UPC codes to enter andautomatically print out item names & prices. They can also be usedfor inventory tracking systems and for education.

9. SCANNERS - Digitize image(photograph) into a bitmap file. Forconverting drawings into raster file. Scanners come in different sizes,from a hand scanner to an E-size equipment. Raster file from scanned manually drafted drawings mustconverted into a vector file (using software like Draftsman) to be accepted within a CAD program.

10. VOICE INPUT -Works for a single user systems, and for applications with a limited vocabulary.

B. Input Devices

1. KEYBOARD - It is a primary input device for every computer. Used for entering commands and texts,although this medium of data entry is limiting to a non typist user.

2. MICE - small square devices with a cord connecting to the computer which use the table top to pointto various objects and menus on the screen. They are functional for computer-aided design, free-formdrawing, setting margins and tabs in word processing.

3. DIGITIZER- Tablets used in combination w/ a puck, lightpen or stylus. Great for computer-aided design and engineering.

full bed scanner

EDP


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Super vgavideo display

C. Output Devices

1. MONITORS9" to 21" size, considerations when buying a monitor are resolution, dotpitch, plug & play capability & manufacrurer.

Development of Display Adapters:

-MDA, Monochrome Display Adapter - introduced in 1981, IBM’s original display standard offering 720 x 348 at 18.1 KHz with one color. It was a text based video stan-dard and not designed to generate graphics. (obsolete)

-CGA, Color Graphics Adapter - Also introduced in 1981, it was the simplest and first color video standardavailable. It offered a resolution of 640 x 200 (monochrome) and 320 x 240 (color graphics) at 15.75KHz. (obsolete)

-Hercules Graphics Adapter - monochrome video standard, similar to IBM’s MDA; however, it was de-signed to display graphics at a resolution of 720 x 348 with a horizontal scan rate of 18.43. It wasintroduced in 1982. (obsolete)

-PGA, Professional Graphics Adapter - first attempt of high resolution graphics. It offered 840 x 350resolution at 32.5 KHz and a display of 256 simultaneous colors.(obsolete)

-EGA, Enchanced Graphics Adapter - 640 x 350 resolution at 21.85 KHz. introduced in 1984, itoffered 16 colors from a pallete of 64. (obsolete)

-MCGA, Multi Color Graphics Array - the low-end product for PS/2 family,1987. It offered 320 x 200 resolution with 256 colors or 640 x 480 resolution with two colors. (obsolete)

-VGA, Video Graphics Array - introduced in 1987, and formed as an integralpart of PS/2 line. It offered a high resolution up to 640 x 480 at 31.50KHzand can display uo to 256 colors (obsolete).

-SVGA, Super VGA - an extended implementation of VGA. It offers 800 x 600 resolution and up to1600 x 1280 res. in either 16, 256, 16bit, 24 bit and up to true colors at 50 to 90KHz and 0.28 Dot pitch.

EDP


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Printing Hardware Devices

1. Dot Matrix Printers - form letters out of a combination of dots. They are fasterand less expensive than other type of printers. Uses ribbons for ink-source

2. Laser Printers - offers a superb print quality, equalto typesetting, and a wide variety of font types & sizes.Laser printer are fast but quite expensive.Uses powder toner for ink-source.

3. Inkjet - Good print quality, cheaper thanlaser printers. Uses liquid toner for ink-source

3. PlottersSizes ranges from A to E dimensions. Prints using different papermedia, pen types and colors. They are essential for CAD. Typesof plotters are:

-Large Format Inkjet Plotters - It is the cheapest and widely usedLarge Format Plotter for CAD & poster output. It uses CMYKliquid toner, dye-based (for indoor) or pigmented (for outdoor -6 months maximum.)

-Large Format Laser Printers - up to E-size output, and may produce hi-resolution color/mono prints.

Pen Plotters -either Drum type (roller beds) or XY type (flatbed).Pen plotters had to 20 or more pens (ink pen/lead pen), thoughmost software restricted the number to eight. Sizes rangesfrom A to E (obsolete).

-Thermal Plotters - no pens, no toners, and no noise. Thermalsranges from A to E; With resolutions up to 400 dpi andplots 10x faster than pen plotters. Thermal plotters use aspecial media.

-Electrostatic Plotter - process begins as the plotter electricallycharges a special media, attaches toner to that charge,removesexcess toner, then dries the plot. Vector images (line) areconverted first into raster (dot) image before processingbegins. Resolutions range from 200 dpi to 400 dpi, and mostare D-E sizes (for outdoor display).

Flatbed pen plotter

HP Laser printer

Inkjet plotter

Flatbed pen plotter

EDP


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1. RAM (Random Access Memory) - is a primary storage media, a chips where installed in your PCboard SIMM RAM (Single In-line Memory Module) measured in bytes. All data are temporary stored inthis media and transfer later on a secondary storage media like floppy disk, hard disk or any mediumwhere you can store and can be retrieve your data.

2. Floppy Disk - Floppy disks come in two sizes. 5-1/4"(360K & 1.2 Mbobsolete.) and 3-1/2" (720K & 1.44 Mb.) Floppy disks are made of polyure-thane or Mylar and are covered with iron oxide. Floppy disk is housed with aprotective flexible plastic jacket. It has a center hole (main shaft), a small hole(index), a head slot (read/write) and a small square notch (write-protect notch).It spins at a rate of 300 rpm inside a disk drive. The magnetic polarity of thedisk recording surface allows binary-encoded data (1's & 0's) to be stored. Diskdrive read/write heads read data stored on the disk (floppy or hard) by determining the polarity of themagnetic fields at each point on the disk. Read/write heads store data on the disk by emitting magneticpulses that change the polarity of magnetic fields. 360KB drives cannot format, read from, or write to a1.2Mb floppy disk. However, high capacity disk drives can be used to format a 360 KB disk.

3.Hard Disk - A fixed disk drive installed inside your CPU or remov-able type. It offers a capacity of 4.3 - 8.4 (common size) to 21 gb. Itstores and retrieves data much faster than floppy disk drive. The ATHard Disk perform twice faster than XT’s Hard Disk. Hard Disk isideal for applications involving large amount of data and softwares.Hard disk consists of aluminum platters that are coated with iron ox-ide. It rotates at 3600 rpm, to be stored on the disk’s surface.

4.3 GB Hard Disk

Multi-IO card/ Hard disk controller

4.Magnetic Tape - good as back-up storage of large data. It comeswith a special drive, and access to data is usually sequential.

Tape drive

CD ROM

5. Compact Disk (CDROM)

CD ROM with CD ROM drive

Data Storage Anything where electronic data can be stored.

EDP


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SOFTWARES

A. Application Softwares

Softwares used to solve some need of the user. They can either be purchased or custom written in program-ming languages (see programming languages for det.).

The following are main types of purchased softwares available in the market today

1. WORD PROCESSING

Designed to replace function ordinarily performed on a type writer or manually; MS Word is an exampleof a popular word processing software today.

2. SPREADSHEET / ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE

Used for applications otherwise performed with a pencil, calculator and accounting worksheet; Useful forbudgeting, accounts payable/receivables, cash flow analysis. Microsoft Excel is a popular spreadsheetpackage today.

3. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING

Used for design and drafting program of architectural, and engineering drawing. Popular software areAutoCAD, Intergraph, Draw Base, etc.

4. DATABASEUsed for organizing and presenting data in several manners, depending in purpose. Database management software packages includes Microsoft Access, dBASE & FoxPRO.

5. PAINT PROGRAM

Used to print/retouch photograph images; unlike CAD, most paint programs are for freehand Drawings;lesser in dimensional accuracy. Popular softwares are Corel Photo Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Fractal De-igns and PC Paintbrush

6. DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE

Unlike a wordprocessor software, it provides a variety of fonts and is designed for page layouting. Desktop software are efficient alternative to manual typesetting in several cases. Popular softwares includePageMaker, CorelDraw & Microsoft Publisher.

EDP


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7. INTEGRATED SOFTWARE

A group of softwares performing several functions such as as word processing, spreadsheet calculation,presentation database management, graphics and data communication. Popular software includes MSOffice.

8. EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE

Used in schools and Institution to enhance teaching of basic skills to students such as reading, math,spelling, geography, biology and history.

B. Operating System Programs

Translate commands typed in by user into computer understable terms (bits & bytes). The 3 main PC systemprograms are CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessor), MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System),Microsft Windows 98 / 99 / NT & PC-DOS (Personal Computer Disk Operating System).

C. Network Software

Network Software and Hardware allow user to conduct and interchange information from PC to another PCcomputers. A Typical consists of a PC computers (Pentuim or Higher processor type) as a host computer withup to 72 PC’S attached. Cost advantages to a network include shared software and printers, and less expen-sive terminals than a stand alone system. Popular software are Windows NT, Novell and 3-Com.

D. Communication Software

Used to share information between PC and a Mainframe or Minicomputer and Access “Public Bulletin Board”and “World Wide Web” for information such as stock reports, reservation, etc. Popular software includesRelay, smartcon, Crosstalk and Gateway.

E. Programming Languages

Used for communication directions to the computer. A programmer does not normal write program in ma-chine language but instead write them in a source language which will translated into a machine language forexecution on the computer upon loading. Popular programming languages include Assembler, BASIC, C/C++, dBASE and Pascal.

EDP


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Using Microsoft Windows 95

Hardware Requirements

Processor Type - IBM PC / Compatible 80486, Pentium (recommended)Memory - 8MB or greaterHard Drive - 150MB or greaterCD ROM Drive - optionalVideo Display - Super VGAPointing Device - Mouse

Windows 95 is an operating system run on most IBM PC or compatible. Windows 95 is much easier andfaster than previous operating systems used by an IBM PC (DOS).

Microsoft Windows 95 Screen (Desktop)Here is a typical look of a Windows 95 desktop screen everytime you start Windows 95 or depend-ing on how your computer was set up.

Start Button- To start installed programs, open document, changesystem settings, find files, and exploring windows 95.

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Navigating Windows 95 using a mouse(Pointing Device)

As you move your mouse on a flat surface, your pointer moves on your screen. On the principles that first youplace your mouse pointer on (point to) something on your screen, and then click with a mouse button toperform action on that item.

Right Click : Press and release the right buttononce to show shortcut menu.

Double Click : Quickly press and release the leftmouse button twice

Click : Press and release the left mouse once

To point, move the mouse until the tip of the pointer is overthe item or are you want to point to. then you can do thefollowing:

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Accessing files and folders

My Computer

You can use My Computer to quickly and easily seeeverything on your computer. Double-click the My Com-puter icon on the desktop to browse through your filesand folders.

To prepare a new disk to a readable media.note : entire contents of this disk may lost

To copy / duplicate the entire contents to another media ordisk

To find specific files or folder

To list all files and folders to all local drives

To list Contents of a disk

Exploring Local Drives:

To get available amount and remaining disk space.

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Files :A file is a collection of related data items. It is the basic unit of data storage

Exploring Files and Folders / Sub-Directories : -

In Windows Explorer, you can see both the hierarchy of folders on your computer and all the files and foldersin each selected folder. This is especially useful for copying and moving files. You can open the folder thatcontains the file you want to move or copy, and then drag it to the folder you want to put it in.

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Folders / Sub-Directory:

Your documents and programs are stored in folders, which you can see in My Computer and WindowsExplorer. In previous versions of Windows and DOS, folders were called directories.

opening a folder or a file can be performed by double clicking.

Opening a file or folder

- point and click on a specific folder, then use right button of a mouse. Then select open on selectionmenu.

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Scroll bar

End task/window

MaximizeMinimize

Status barNo. of files on currentfolder.

Title bar

Menu Bar

Scroll arrow

Changing View- At menu bar select View

Navigating Active Window

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Creating New Folder :

Note : Use right click on current desktop (active window). do not point any files or folder.

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Copying, Deleting and Renaming a file or Folder :Send To - To create a duplicate data and send it to floppy disk.

Copy - to copy a files or a folder to send it to another folder or to another media (disk).

Select any files you want to copy then useright click of a mouse then select Copy.

Select Cut if you want to transfer files.

hint : you can select a multiple files to copywhile holding CTRL key.

Now, open any folder or drive where youwant to put selected files(s) to copy. Useright click then select Paste.

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Rename - simple as to change file name or a folder name.

old name new name

hint : holding CRTL key can be use to selectmultiple files to delete.

Delete - to erase a selected file(s) or folder and send it to trashcan

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Formatting a New Disk :

Format options :

Disk Capacity - Specifies how muchdata disk can hold. To select capacity,click down arrow, and then click anoption on list

Format type :

Quick - Removes all files from thedisk but doesn't scan for bad sectors.The quick format option will only workon disks that have previously beenformated.

Full - prepare a disk that can store in-formation (data) Formatting will re-move all files and it will scanned forbad sectors after it is formatted.

System - Copies system files that youcan use in your startup drive (A: or C:on common computer). You can startyour computer by using that Disk

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When you want to view or change in-formation about any item, such as adocument, program, folder, diskdrive, or printer, you can look at itsproperties. Use the right mouse but-ton to click the item, and then clickProperties on the menu.

Disk / Files Utilities

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Using control panel to control the way Windows looks and works.Double click the icon that represents the settings you want tochange

Control Panel :

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It will allow you to define the number of pallete, where you can selectfrom 16, 256, 16 bit or even up to 32bit (true colors). Settings mayvary depending on hardware installed on your computer(Video Adapterand Video display type).

Used to change the appearance of many screen elements. Thescreen elements in each scheme are diffrent colors, sizes, andformats.

A screen saver displays moving images, which prevent damageto your screen. The screen saver starts automatically if com-puter is idle for a specified amount of time.

A bitmap image(*.BMP) is required with this option, to allowsyou to change desktop background(Wall paper).

Changing video display :

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Pointing device properties

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Adding New local printers

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Ending Session

Shut down the computer -This prepares your computer to be turned off, andsaves any Windows setting that had been changed and writes any informationthat is currently stored in memory to your hard disk.

Restart the computer - Saves any Windows setting that had been changed andwrites any information that is currently stored in memory to your hard disk,then restart your computer.

Restart the computer inMS-DOS MODE - Starts your computer in typical MS-DOS mode to runprograms, such as MS-DOS games, that will not run under Windows. Whenyou are finished using MS-DOS mode type exit or win to return to Windows.


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AutoCAD 2000

Windows

Checklist for STAAD.ProSaturday 12:00 - 8:00 pm

Name of Teacher : ________________ Date Started : ________________No. of students : ________________ Date to End : ________________Branch/Room : ________________ Folder name : ________________

DAY 1 Date: __________________EDP / Windows / Overview of STAAD / Menu OrganizationCommand Formats / Type of Structures / Unit SystemsStructure Geometry & Coordinate System / Joint CoordinatesMember IncidencesExercise : Modeling of Howe truss

DAY 2 Date: __________________Editing of Structure Geometry / Group Definitions / Member PropertiesConstants / Supports / Loadings / Design Parameters & CommandsAnalysis / Interpretation of Result (Steel)

DAY 3 Date: __________________Modeling of 4-storey bldg. /Group Definitions/ Member Properties Element Thickness /Constants / Member Specification Support Specification

DAY 4 Date: __________________Con’t 4-storey - Loadings / UBC / Analysis / Design ParametersDesign commands (beams, columns, & footings) / Run AnalysisInterpretation of Results

Checklist for STAAD.ProSaturday 1:00 - 7:00 pm


DAY 1 Date: __________________EDP / Windows / Overview of STAAD / Menu OrganizationCommand Formats / Type of Structures / Unit SystemsStructure Geometry & Coordinate System / Joint CoordinatesMember IncidencesExercise : Modeling of Howe truss

DAY 2 Date: __________________Con’t Structure Modeling / Editing of Structure GeometryGroup Definitions / Member Properties/Constants / Supports / LoadingsDesign Parameters & Commands / Analysis

DAY 3 Date: __________________Interpretation of Result (Steel)Modeling of 4-storey bldg. / Member Properties

DAY 4 Date: __________________Group Definition / Element Thickness / Constants / Member SpecificationSupport Specification / Loadings

Sunday 1:00 - 7:00 pm

DAY 5 Date: __________________UBC / Analysis / Design ParametersDesign commands (beams, columns, & footings)

DAY 6 Date: __________________Run AnalysisInterpretation of Results

Checklist for STAAD.ProT - Th 1:00 - 5:00 pm


DAY 1 Date: __________________EDP / Windows / Overview of STAAD / Menu OrganizationCommand Formats / Type of Structures / Unit SystemsStructure Geometry & Coordinate System / Joint CoordinatesMember IncidencesExercise : Modeling of Howe truss(introduction)

DAY 2 Date: __________________Con’t Structure Modeling / Editing of Structure GeometryGroup Definitions / Member Properties/Constants / Supports

DAY 4 Date: __________________Modeling of 4-storey bldg / Member Properties / Group DefinitionElement Thickness / Constants

Sunday 8:30 - 12:30 pm

DAY 5 Date: __________________Member Specification / Support Specification / Loadings

DAY 6 Date: __________________UBC / Analysis Design Parameters

DAY 8 Date: __________________Run AnalysisInterpretation of Results

DAY 7 Date: __________________Design commands (beams, columns, & footings)

DAY 3 Date: __________________Loadings /Design Parameters & Commands / AnalysisInterpretation of Result (Steel)

Checklist for STAAD.ProT - Th 6:00 - 9:00 pm


DAY 1 Date: __________________EDP / Windows

DAY 4 Date: __________________Editing of Structure GeometryGroup Definitions / Member Properties

DAY 9 Date: __________________Support Specification / Loadings

DAY 6 Date: __________________Loadings /Design Parameters & Commands / AnalysisInterpretation of Result (Steel)

DAY 2 Date: __________________Overview of STAAD / Menu OrganizationCommand Formats / Type of Structures / Unit SystemsStructure Geometry & Coordinate System / Joint CoordinatesMember Incidences

DAY 3 Date: __________________Modeling of Howe truss

DAY 5 Date: __________________Constants / Supports / Loadings

DAY 7 Date: __________________Modeling of 4-storey bldg / Member Properties /Group Definition

DAY 8 Date: __________________Element Thickness / Constants / Member Specification

DAY 10 Date: __________________UBC / Analysis Design Parameters

DAY 11 Date: __________________Design commands (beams, columns, & footings) / Run AnalysisInterpretation of Results

staad manual

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