ssush14b & c american imperialism - mr....

SSUSH14B & C

American Imperialism

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=yellow+journalism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b2zEsr8-OgYv5M&tbnid=4Figl4p6KgjhvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FC0111500%2Fspanamer%2Fyellow.htm&ei=-TDXUcKcAcnl4AOK94CwAQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGzAR_xzbEnEztSc1N4MfQ9M9qdlg&ust=1373143668980039http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=theodore+roosevelt+spanish+american+war&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FlWdPfTLu7rFGM&tbnid=Zvw7jJJKdKK6mM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ATheodore_Rooseveltnewtry.jpg&ei=DkfXUdjYKYLB4AP_poH4AQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGWLb9C876wNwC8vmBgEgvL3fseuA&ust=1373149322769730http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=speak+softly+and+carry+a+big+stick&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bbP2TYPRcBZpOM&tbnid=ksJWlfm2N7QLVM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBig_Stick_ideology&ei=SH_XUcfgJtXC4AO42oCABg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGR3g8rKygnnE_yfsYwTqnQxNw1wQ&ust=1373163667680408http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=u.s.+imperialism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q0qOBp08Mv2LjM&tbnid=xazKseHXY4KMSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranreview.org%2Fcontent%2FDocuments%2FDying-Empire-US-Imperialism-and-Global-Resistance.htm&ei=g9HWUfY5rsTgA8b0geAD&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEE7dHFYs16VMx7q08XFmVedKe9tg&ust=1373119221808459http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ten+years+war+cuba&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Tm3lznXxBHjbKM&tbnid=SNRca6Y0GzmosM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinamericanstudies.org%2F1868.htm&ei=BPjWUdGOIpPh0AH4rIGoDQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGY5ev2fc2KczonvwEksGB1duQEUA&ust=1373129083542760http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=battle+of+san+juan+hill&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=_QrtF0yMOTVkpM&tbnid=OP9knkfH3IHGJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treefrogtreasures.com%2Fforum%2Fshowthread.php%3F16751-Buffalo-Soldiers-at-San-Juan-Hill-1898&ei=rEXXUfXuLPje4AP8rYCwCA&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEM4k8WHy9kvzYxhyQftZm6h_VFWw&ust=1373148938532996


Dawn of U.S. Imperialism

• Why Imperialism?

Raw materials for Industrialization

High Tariffs causing Reduced Trade

Decreasing Investment Opportunities in Europe

• Why the United States?

Extension of Manifest Destiny (focused in the Pacific)

Joint Anglo-Saxonism with Britain (English speaking dominance)

Expansion of Christian Missionary Ideals to Uncivilized People

Growing European Imperialism threatened America’s Security

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=u.s.+imperialism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q0qOBp08Mv2LjM&tbnid=xazKseHXY4KMSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranreview.org%2Fcontent%2FDocuments%2FDying-Empire-US-Imperialism-and-Global-Resistance.htm&ei=g9HWUfY5rsTgA8b0geAD&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEE7dHFYs16VMx7q08XFmVedKe9tg&ust=1373119221808459http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=imperialism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hRBBGSFpIA7EbM&tbnid=ikfm33NUpzC5_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stepbystep.com%2Fdifference-between-colonialism-and-imperialism-87276%2F&ei=ltLWUeXkOKje0gHy-YG4Bg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFP68DwDL8rQ0A9PKmljBKR8uDqxw&ust=1373119469062863


Dawn of “Gunboat Diplomacy”

• 1852: Congress pressured President Millard

Fillmore to expand global trade with Japan

• 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry was sent to

Japan with a squadron of 4 Naval ships.

He presented Japanese Officials with a

letter promising Peace and Friendship in

exchange for Trade with the U.S.

• 1854: Commodore Matthew Perry returned to

Japan to negotiate a peace treaty during

the Convention of Kanagawa.

• 1858: U.S. Envoy, Townsend Harris, negotiated the final trade agreement

with Japan commonly known as the “Harris Treaty.”

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gasshukoku_suishi_teitoku_k%C5%8Dj%C5%8Dgaki_%28Oral_statement_by_the_American_Navy_admiral%29.png


U.S. Interests in the Pacific

• 1875: Trade Treaty between Hawaii and the

United States was established.

• 1887: Hawaiian Anti-Monarchists supported

by American Plantation owners forced

the King to accept a new Constitution.

Reducing his Monarchal Authority

• 1890: McKinley Tariff caused decline of Hawaiian

exports of sugar.

• 1891: Queen Liliuokalani ascended the throne.

• 1893: Planters supported an attempted overthrow of

the Queen and Annexation by the United States.

• U.S. President Grover Cleveland opposed Annexation.

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg


U.S. Interests in Latin America

• U.S. bought Raw Materials from Latin America.

• Latin America bought most Manufactured Goods

from Europe.

• Secretary of State James G. Blaine supported

Increased Trade Alliances with Latin America.

• 1889: 17 Nations attended the first Pan-American Conference in

Washington, D.C. to discuss U.S. goals.

• Customs Union to Reduce Tariffs on Trade

• U.S. Aid to work out disputes peacefully

• Latin American leaders rejected the U.S. Proposals.

• However, they agreed to form the Pan-American Union.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=james+g.+blaine&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0Ej5bx7fGrgsQM&tbnid=J9JDy9-TF7atPM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternatehistory.com%2Fdiscussion%2Fshowthread.php%3Fp%3D4303342&ei=UObWUcKlLOa-0QH-5oCoAg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGVSXKclKcaCldmaFc_uiqu6HLywQ&ust=1373124535132672


• 1883 – 1885: Congress authorized to building of

five modern Cruisers to become

known as the “White Squadron.”

U.S. Naval Expansion

• 1889: German Naval attack on American Samoa almost resulted in War.

A Typhoon damaged both fleets and forced an armistice.

• 1891: USS Baltimore Crisis occurred when a mob in Chile attacked sailors.

War was averted when Chile apologized and paid $75,000 in gold.

• 1890 – 1895: Congress authorized the building

of three modern Battleships that

became part of the Navy’s new

“Flying Squadron.”


U.S. and Cuba

• Cuba: One of Spain’s oldest colonies

Produced 1/3 of world’s sugar

1/3 of Population was enslaved

• Cuba struggled for Independence in two failed conflicts:

1868 – 1878: Ten Years War

1879 – 1880: The Little War

• By 1890’s: Economic link between Cuba and the U.S. increased.

• 1890 – 1894: McKinley Tariff caused crisis in Cuba’s Sugar Trade.

• 1895: New Cuban Rebellion began.

Led to Declaration of Independence

Led to Establishment of Cuban Republic

• President Grover Cleveland declared America’s Neutrality in the war.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cuba+spanish+colony&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bFxEqJmqLwmfVM&tbnid=iz5qkZ067OCRdM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographyiq.com%2Fcountries%2Fcu%2FCuba_map_flag_geography.htm&ei=v_fWUf2uMK7x0wHUoYC4Cw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGs67ZgCiyqyxBoVjscQA3ydvT4uw&ust=1373128991158483http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ten+years+war+cuba&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Tm3lznXxBHjbKM&tbnid=SNRca6Y0GzmosM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinamericanstudies.org%2F1868.htm&ei=BPjWUdGOIpPh0AH4rIGoDQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGY5ev2fc2KczonvwEksGB1duQEUA&ust=1373129083542760http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cuban+republic&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Mjff9yZlPRn3vM&tbnid=9RaF7o0LGsbmNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fflagspot.net%2Fflags%2Fcu.html&ei=9PjWUbGJCbPo0wHV44G4Aw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNEqLUvNXB_HKgBQyQTCYu9ocZFxVA&ust=1373129265016763


U.S. and Spain

• 1897: President William McKinley took office.

Avoided war by negotiating with Spain.

Spanish Loyalists rioted and attacked Americans.

U.S.S. Maine sent to evacuate U.S. Citizens.

• 15 Feb 1898: U.S.S. Maine Exploded killing

266 out of 354 crewmen.

Accidental Fire?

Enemy Sabotage?

Spanish Mine?

Motivation for War!

American

Rally Cry

for War!

• Apr 1898: Political Pressure and Aggressive Nationalism, called Jingoism,

pushed Congress and the President to Declare War on Spain.

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Yellow Journalism

News stories based on half-truths,

exaggerations, and sensationalism.

Promoted by two Newspaper Publishers

to increase sales and circulation.

William R. Hearst

of the NY Journal

Joseph Pulitzer

of the NY World

“You Furnish the

Pictures, and I’ll

Furnish the War.”

“Our Republic and

its Press will Rise

or Fall Together.”

Stories about the cruelties committed by the Spanish Troops under General

Valeriano Weyer (known as “The Butcher”) angered American Readers.

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/JosephPulitzerPinceNeznpsgov.jpghttp://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+randolph+hearst&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MMrbIyIJRH2MnM&tbnid=lVfB0E0EvQiliM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prepared-meal-delivery-reviews.com%2FHearst-Ranch.html&ei=-C3XUYqlNabC4AP0iICoBw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEfK01CdrQtJNZ1aYW1sUzMRMl8HA&ust=1373142861180572http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=yellow+journalism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b2zEsr8-OgYv5M&tbnid=4Figl4p6KgjhvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FC0111500%2Fspanamer%2Fyellow.htm&ei=-TDXUcKcAcnl4AOK94CwAQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGzAR_xzbEnEztSc1N4MfQ9M9qdlg&ust=1373143668980039


War with Spain

• The United States Navy was ready for war, while

the Spanish were not.

1 May 1898: Commodore George Dewey’s Naval

Squadron destroyed the Spanish

Fleet in Manila Bay.

31 May – 18 Jun 1898: Commodore Winfield S. Schley’s Flying Squadron

conducted a blockade of Cuba’s Santiago Bay.

22 – 24 Jun 1898: 17,000 U.S. Troops landed in Cuba and prepared to

advanced toward the well defended City of Santiago.

1 July 1898: A Combined U.S. Force won the Battle of San Juan Hill.

3 July 1898: The Naval Battle of Santiago Bay ended in the destruction

of the Spanish Caribbean Fleet.


Battle of San Juan Hill

• 1 July 1898: Advanced Troops of the U.S. Cavalry Division led the attack.

Former Confederate

Gen. Joseph Wheeler

commanded all the

Cavalry Troops.

Future President

Theodore Roosevelt

commanded the First

Volunteer Cavalry.

Including the 9th & 10th Cavalry,

known as the “Buffalo Soldiers.”

Made up of Volunteers known

as the “Rough Riders”

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U.S. Global Expansion

• 1898 - 1900: Various agreements created a new

American Empire.

1898: Treaty of Paris (After Spanish-American War)

U.S. Obtained Control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

1898: The Newlands’ Resolution (Congressional Act of Annexation)

U.S. Obtained control of the Hawaiian Islands.

1899: The Anglo-German Agreement (Formal Agreement of Partition)

U.S. Obtained control of American Samoa.

1900: The Foraker Act (Territorial Incorporation)

U.S. Made Puerto Rico a formal U.S. Territory.


U.S. and China

• 1890’s: Britain, France, and Germany gained

Economic Spheres of Influence in China.

• 1894: Sino-Japanese War between China and

Japan over control of Manchuria.

• 1899: President William McKinley and Secretary of

State John Hay promoted the Open Door Policy.

Allowing Trade Interests in China by all nations.

Accepted conditionally by Europeans and Japan.

• 1900: Secret Chinese Society known as Boxers led

attacks on Foreigners in China.

• 1900 - 1901: U.S. Troops joined International Force of 11 Nations to put

down the Boxer Rebellion.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sino+japanese+war&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=NjjdkFaYReL50M&tbnid=5PRVZ7DXGWYZIM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.cultural-china.com%2Fen%2F34History6639.html&ei=BWTXUd7mLeri4AOLk4GABg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNFGcn3yikjf4pHdR_c9orWgqOSXGQ&ust=1373156587767902


U.S. and the Philippines

• Philippine Rebels expected Freedom after the Spanish-American War.

• U.S. Politicians and Businessmen supported formal Annexation due to:

The need for Naval Bases in the Pacific.

A Large Market for American Goods in the Pacific.

An Obligation to Civilize the Native Filipino People.

• 1899 – 1902: President William McKinley’s decision to formally Annex the

Philippines sparked the Philippine Insurrection.

General Arthur MacArthur led military

actions against Filipino Guerillas.

Territorial Governor William H. Taft led

reform efforts to win over the Filipino

People.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=arthur+macarthur&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ImnPEmXctQE8pM&tbnid=_cJLy3cZzUoNWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2F720mpreunion.org%2Fhistory%2Fassets%2FCorps%2520History%2Fmp_history.html&ei=J2zXUZCENZX54APy24GAAw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEl-j1Vl8649-IRLipNyR7ggsyDjw&ust=1373158793908795http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+h.+taft&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EA1Kb46Xp1NypM&tbnid=LDRgmR_N6eu7iM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffamilypedia.wikia.com%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_Howard_Taft_(1857-1930)&ei=TWzXUefbLNbb4APouIHQCQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNF-CdVF-L1YL4iC1Qqinw0-PIyN0w&ust=1373158857007569http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=philippine%20american%20war&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=k8ke4UjWWgSe-M&tbnid=OVVf0NPISQ39QM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sfgate.com%2Fchroncast%2Fcategory%2Fafrican-american%2Fpage%2F2%2F&ei=O23XUfeYIZa34AP-g4DgCg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGiSu5P2r5e2mpm886-mzpVQrpgBw&ust=1373158995347104


Presidential Changes

• 6 Sep 1901: President William McKinley was

Assassinated by an Anarchist.

Strong proponent of U.S. Global Expansion.

• 14 Sep 1901: Vice President Theodore Roosevelt

was inaugurated as the 26th President.

Accepted key ideals of Global Anglo-Saxonism.

Energetic, Enthusiastic, Charismatic.

Supported foundations of the Open Door Policy.

• Roosevelt kept President McKinley’s Cabinet and Continued his Policies.

• As former Assistant Secretary of the Navy, President Theodore Roosevelt

supported the expansion of the U.S. Navy to the 2nd largest in the world.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+mckinley+assassination&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=O65R2HXkzg7QnM&tbnid=BhE2Y2nCFLRMBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssassination_of_William_McKinley&ei=THDXUcHCJdOo4AOTmoCoBw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEQWV5zA-9TvFGcluwNEPRbUZo1cA&ust=1373159727087216http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=theodore+roosevelt&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hUb7GGrKOqgvPM&tbnid=L3xBD3kf5krwJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artofmanliness.com%2F2008%2F02%2F04%2Flessons-in-manliness-the-childhood-of-theodore-roosevelt%2F&ei=7HLXUa6kD5LG4AOqsYHYAQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNFjtavR5Dk3kWiqB3GReP9CnkbIPw&ust=1373160547605930http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+mckinley&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=pbyGr_4xXB-APM&tbnid=3jCNOcrRkU0JlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baldingcelebrities.com%2F2011%2F07%2Fus-presidents.html&ei=kvvWUfuzM8-14APAmoDQAw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGQMvQVbYVtSRQEj9Wfm0iVFOiErQ&ust=1373129990157267


U.S. and Central America

• 1901: U.S. and Great Britain signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty giving the

United States the rights to Build a Canal through Central America.

• 1903: Secretary of State John Hay offered

$10 Million to Columbia to Build a Canal.

Columbia Refused the Offer

Panamanian Rebels Revolted

against their Columbian Rulers

President Theodore Roosevelt

sent U.S. Fleet to support the

Panamanians

• Columbia granted the U.S. a 100 year lease to the Isthmus of Panama.


U.S. and the World

• 1904: President Theodore Roosevelt presented the Roosevelt Corollary

to the Monroe Doctrine during his Inaugural Address to Congress.

Establishing the United States as an International Police Power

“ Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which

results in a general loosening of the ties of

civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere,

ultimately require intervention by some civilized

nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the

adherence of the United States to the Monroe

Doctrine may force the United States, however

reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing

or impotence, to the exercise of an international

police power. ”

• 1905: The President Negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth bringing an

end to the Russo-Japanese War.

• 1906: The President received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

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U.S. and the World

• 1904 - 1907: President Theodore Roosevelt capitalized on the Building of

the Panama Canal to promote his Foreign Policy.

"I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on, the

canal does too.”

• 1907 - 1910: President Roosevelt appointed

Gen. George W. Goethals to

supervise Canal’s Completion.

• 1907 - 1909: President Roosevelt sent 16 Battleships,

known as the “Great White Fleet,” around the world to

demonstrate U.S. Naval Power

• President Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies known as the

“Big Stick” Policies. (“Speak Softly and Carry of Big Stick”)