ssn 1987-6890 · potencialis zegavlena biznes-infrastruqturis srulyofaze 24 auditi dezdemona...

ISSN 1987-6890

saerTaSoriso samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali

International Scientific-Analytical Journal

2

2 0 1 5

J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015

1

UDC33 E e-49

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti paata guguSvilis ekonomikis instituti

ekonomisti saerTaSoriso samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali

gamodis 2009 wlis ianvridan

aprili maisi ivnisi 2

2015

mTavari redaqtori ramaz abesaZe samecniero-saredaqcio kolegia:

akademikosebi:

vladimer papava, avTandil silagaZe. saq. mec. erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti

leo Ciqava.

ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtorebi: iuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, givi bedianaSvili, Temur beriZe, giorgi berula-va, vaxtang burduli, revaz gvelesiani, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temur kandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, alfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elguja meqvabiSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, uSangi samadaSvili, roland sarCimelia, avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili, mixeil jibuti.

ekonomikis doqtorebi: nanuli arevaZe, Tamila arnania-kepulaZe, nana bibilaSvili, badri geCbaia, merab gvelesiani, Salva gogiaSvili, lina daTunaSvili, gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTer kakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamuka xuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), revaz javaxiSvili.

ucxoeli wevrebi: ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisa belinskaia (litva), eldar ismailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva), daviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), vladimer menSikovi (latvia), mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), galina savina (ukraina), slavomir particki (poloneTi), dimitri sorokini (ruseTi).

Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)

Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. redaqciis Sexeduleba SesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs da igi pasuxs ar agebs informaciis sizusteze.

Tbilisi


2

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics

EKONOMISTI International Scientific-Analytical Journal

Published from January 2009

April May June 2

2015

Editor-in-Chief Ramaz Abesadze SCIENTIFIC-EDITORIAL BOARD:

ACADEMICIAN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:

Vladimer Papava, Avtandil Silagadze CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:

Leo Chikava, DOCTORS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: Iuri Ananiashvili, Roseta Asatiani, Givi Bedianashvili, Temur Beridze, Giorgi Berulava, Vakhtang Burduli, Nodar Chitanava, Tina Chkheidze, Revaz Gvelesiani, Revaz Gogokhia, Mikhail Jibuti, Revaz Kakulia, Temur Kandelaki, Eter Kharaishvili, Mu rman Kvaratskhelia, Alfred Kuratashvili, Jakob Meskhia, Elguja Mekvabishvili, Solomon Pavliashvili, Ushangi Samadashvili, Roland Sarchimelia, Temur Shengelia, Avtandil Sulaberidze. DOCTORS OF ECONOMICS:

Nanuli Arevadze, Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze, Nana Bibilashvili, Lina Datunashvili, Gulnaz Erkomaishvili, Badri Gechbaia, Shalva Gogiashvili, Merab Gvelesiani, Revaz Javakhishvili, Nazira Kakulia, Eteri Kakulia, Anzor Kuratashvili, Tea Lazar ashvili (deputy editor-in-chief), Iza Natelauri, Nodar Khaduri, Mamuka Khuskivadze (deputy editor-in-chief), Dali Sologhashvili. FOREIGN MEMSERS:

Larisa Belinskaja (Lithuania), Eldar Ismailov (Azerbaijan), Gindra Kasnauskiene (Lithuania), David Kurtanidze (USA, deputy editor-in-chief abroad), Vladimir Menshikov (Latvia), Slawomir Partycki (Poland), Mikhail Roketlishvili (USA), Gal ina Savina (Ukraine), Dmitri Sorokin (Russia).

Tamar Dadiani (executive secretary) The journal follows the principles of free press. The views of editorial board do not necessarily reflect author's option and it accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of information.

Tbilisi


3

s a r C e v i

saerTaSoriso vaWroba

iuri prisiaJniuki, irina prixodvo _ aratarifuli barierebi

saerTaSoriso vWrobaSi da ekonomikuri integraciis procesi

6

finansebi

irine mamalaZe, aleqsandre xvedeliani _ sarisko kapitalis

ganviTarebis etapebi

13

nino qavTaraZe _ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi 20

turizmi

dali CaxvaSvili, naTela kakauriZe _ saqarTvelos turistuli

potencialis zegavlena biznes-infrastruqturis srulyofaze

24

auditi

dezdemona maRlakeliZe, naTela vaSakiZe _ auditoruli saqmianobis

Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi

30

magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebi

ekaterine SainiZe _ sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi

Sesrulebis strategia da mosalodneli Sedegebi

37

Tamar maRalaSvili _ momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis

kriteriumebi

44

irma guraSvili _ marketinguli strategia wigniT vaWrobaSi 49

mariam giorgaZe, rusudan sirbilaZe _ erovnuli Semosavlis

gamoTvla da turizmi 61

xatia udesiani _ Zlieri regioni Zlieri qveynis sawindaria 71

merab comaia _ saqarTvelos ekonomikis politikuri problemebi 79

Tamar tomaraZe, lali qandauriSvili _ drois menejmenti da misi

gavlena karieruli warmatebis miRwevaze 84

Tamar siraZe, elene jimSeleiSvili _ festivalebis roli qarTuli

turizmis ganviTarebaSi 90

siaxle

95

informacia

98


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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ

Присяжнук Юрий, Приходько Ирина – Нетарифные барьеры в международной

торговле и процессе экономической интеграции 6

ФИНАНСЫ

Мамаладзе Ирине, Хведелиани Александр – Этапы развития рискового капитала 13

Нино Кавтарадзе – Прямые иностранные инвестиции в Грузии 20

ТУРИЗМ

Чахвашвили Дали, Какауридзе Натела – Влияние туристического потенциала Грузии на совершенствование бизнес –инфраструктуры

24

АУДИТ

Маглакелидзе Дездемона, Вашакидзе Натела – Формирование аудиторской

деятельности в Грузии

30

НАУЧНЫЕ ТРУДЫ МАГИСТРАНТОВ И ДОКТОРАНТОВ

Шаинидзе Екатерина – Стратегия добровольного выполнения налоговых обязательств и ожидаемые результаты

37

Магалашвили Тамар – Критерии качество обслуживания 44

Гурашвили Ирма – Маркетинговая Стратегия в книжной торговле 49

Гиоргадзе Мариам, Сирбиладзе Русудан – Расчёт национального дохода и туризм

61

Удесиани Хатиа – Сильный регион основа для сильной страны 71

Цомаиа Мераб – Политические проблемы грузинской экономики 79

Томарадзе Тамара, Кандауришвили Лали – Менеджмент времени и его влияние

на успех в карьере

84

Сирадзе Тамара, Джимшелеишвили Елена – Роль фестивалев в развитии туризма

грузий

90

НОВШЕСТВО

95

ИНФОРМАЦИЯ

98


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C O N T E N T S

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Yuriy Prysiazhniuk, Iryna Prykhodko – Non-Tariff Barriers of International Trade and Economic Integration

6

FINANCE

Irine Mamaladze, Aleksandre Khvedeliani – The Stages of Risk Capital Development

13

Nino Kavtaradze – Foreign direct investments in Georgia 20

TOURISM

Dali Chakhvashvili, Natela Kakauridze– The influence of the tourist potential of Georgia to improve the business infrastructure

24

AUDIT

Desdemona Maghlakelidze, Natella Vashakidze – Georgia to establish audit

30

SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF UNDERGRADUATES AND DOCTORAL

STUDENTS

Ekaterine Shainidze – The Strategy of fulfilling Tax-Paying duties and its predictable results

37

Tamar Magalashvili – Service Quality Dimensions 44 Irma Gurashvili – Marketing strategy in the book trade 49 Mariam Giorgadze, Rusudan Sirbiladze – Calculation of National Income and Tourism

61

Khatia Udesiani – A strong region as a foundation for a strong country 71 MerabTsomaia – The Political Problems of Georgian Economy 79 Tamar Tomaradze, Lali Kandaurishvili – Time Management and its influence on career success

84

Tamar Siradze, Elene Jimsheleishvili – The role of Festivals in Development of Georgian Tourism

90

INNOVATION

95

INFORMATION 98


6

saerTaSoriso vaWroba

Yuriy Prysiazhniuk Doctor of economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of International

Relations and diplomatic service, Faculty of International Relations Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine

Iryna Prykhodko assistant, Department of International Economic Relations, Faculty of

International Relations Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine

NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECON OMIC INTEGRATION

Abstract. Using of non-tariff measures in the international trade is fairly commonplace, because they appear to be the most effective tools to deny the access to markets due to the government subsidies, quantitative restrictions, licensing, quotas, administrative procedures, sanitary and technical standards etc.

The attitude towards the non-tariff instruments is rather contradictory: from one point of view, the World Trade Organization tries to minimize their usage, and another point of view - each country tries to apply them to protect their domestic market by encouraging the use of the economic and the administrative levers of export-import activities regulation.

Keyword: non-tariff barriers, international trade, international economic integration, political and economic barriers, trade barriers, trade war, technical measures.

Analysis of recent research. The theoretical aspects of tariff and non-tariff barriers are investigated in the works of such scientists as A. Hrebelnyk, D. Lukyanenko, N. Naumenko, V. Golubev, N. Gorin, Ruth F., R. Baldwin, A. Deardorf and others.

Purpose of the study is to form a set of scientific and methodological foundations and non-tariff barriers contents of international trade. The comparison of existing classifications of the non-tariff measures and to identify the dependence of the international economic integration on non-tariff barriers.

Statement of the main material. The simplest definition of "non-tariff barriers" means all trade restrictions that are not tariffs.

R. Baldwin (1989) in his study described four methods of the non-tariff barriers measuring [1]. R. Baldwin (1982) considered the implementation of political factors of the trade protection by the state, while A. Hilman (1982)[3], S. Madgee, V. Brock and L. Young (1989) [7] investigated how political factors can affect on trade. In the research "Declining industry and the political motives of protectionism" (1982) A. Hilman highlighted the trade protection benefits with regard to political influence


7

on state regulation of the economy. Next work of A. Hilman (1985) was devoted to the political decision in the selection of the protectionist policy tools.

Edward E. Leamer (1986) [5] is one of the leading researchers of the trade barriers effects. In some studies that E. Leamer began in 1986 and submitted the study in more details in 1990, the theoretical foundations of empirical models are described and the application of econometric models to calculate the effects of trade barriers are covered.

In 1990 E. Leamer determined the trade barriers effects based on the import barriers differences. Although the studies of E. Leamer were detailed but not without drawbacks, one of these was the inability to determine the volume and structure of mutual trade. That is, this model can be used to determine the net trade flows but empirically the trade barriers’ impact on gross imports requires some additional investigation. Consequently, an empirical model of E. Leamer is confirmed only by free theoretical assumptions.

In 1987 R. Lowrence was the first who used a model of monopolistic competition to predict the volume of trade and to use the disaggregation of production data and trade flows to determine the country and the industry that significantly differ from the assumptions of the model. In general, it can be noted that R. Lowrence did not calculate trade barriers, but only pointed in his studies on their impact on imports.

J. Lee and F. Swagel (1995) continued the investigation of trade barriers within the theory of monopolistic competition. They explored the impact of trade barriers in more countries than did Harrihan. However, they focused more on the political and economic determinants of non-tariff barriers than on the impact of protective measures (tariff and non-tariff) on the trade flows.

Jong-Wha Lee and Phillip Swagel in his book "Trade barriers and trade flows between countries and sectors" (1994) [4] noted that the effectiveness of free trade model and definition of trade barriers usually depend on political and economic reasons.

The investigation of J. Lee and F. Swagel was based on a study of P. Krugman and E. Helpman (1985), on the model of monopolistic competition, where the goods are not perfectly interchangeable and may differ by country of origin. The next assumption is similar tastes and preferences of consumers and the same consumption of each product in different countries. The model of monopolistic competition allows to predict the volume of trade in a situation where there are no trade barriers. The Helpman-Krugman model includes different measures of trade policy and points to the protectionism effects and welfare, production and trade flows of the country. However, using this model one can not determine whether the presence of trade barriers such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers will cause decrease in trading volumes.

In general, the international trade barriers are devided conditionally into two groups, the independent and the singled out by the way of the impact on trade flows. The first group - are different types of natural barriers, above all, the geographical


8

distance between countries, the transportation infrastructure etc. However due to the enhancing globalization and technological progress and tehnological impact of these barriers on the value of trade flows will decrease. The second group consists of various tools of foreign policy created by governments and directly affect the import level and export of goods. This group includes of measures of tariff and non-tariff regulation of foreign trade [2].

The degree of influence on foreign economic activity of non-tariff measures are divided into 4 groups: hard measures; moderate measures; "irritative"measures; measures the degree of their forbiddance which can not be established [4].

I. Dumoulin distinguishes restrictives measures in such way: - non-tariff barriers, specially created for the regulation of foreign trade

(prohibitions, quotas, licensing, voluntary export restraints, etc.); - non-tariff barriers that arise as a result of technical policy, the

implementation of financial and administrative arrangements etc. - non-tariff charges, financial arrangements, sliding taxes, additional customs

duty, anti-dumping and countervailing duties, frontier taxation; - restrictive practices of government agencies; - subsidies and other grants, protectionist system of distribution of government

contracts, regional development policy of providing benefits to regions etc .; - customs procedures and formalities, if any additional barriers to trade

(customs valuation, customs classification system for their free use); - technical barriers, sanitary and veterinary norms and standards, industry

standards and safety requirements, requirements for packaging and labeling, trademarks if they discriminate foreign products or create barriers to trade [2].

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD distinguishes between "non-tariff measures" and "non-tariff barriers", where the first one is a general concept. Measures include any tools that have the effect of limiting or can be used as a restriction, even though it is not their main feature [10].

UNCTAD focuses on the non-tariff measures and their impact on trade and development in the first half of the 1980s. In 1994 it began to develop the classification of non-tariff barriers, based on previously established classification UNCTAD trade control measures, which are grouped in 8 steps groups, which are divided into over 100 categories: tariff measures; measures of price control; financial measures;

Another classification of non-tariff barriers UNCTAD divided into: 1) basic measures (measures created to protect domestic producers): price

control measures; financial activities; quantitative control measures; monopolistic activities;

2) non-basic activities (measures to protect domestic consumers), automatic licensing measures; technical measures; return guarantee deposit for sensitive products;


9

5) prohibition of automatic licensing arrangements; 6) quantitative control measures; 7) monopolistic activities; 8) technical barriers: import sensitive goods [11]. In 2007-2012 UNCTAD described and systematized main non-tariff barriers,

resulting in the new classification agreed number of international organizations (group MAST - Multy Agency Support Team, which includes FAO, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, UNCTAD, UNIDO, IMF, the World Bank, WTO).

The non-tariff trade barriers are grouped in three areas: technical, non-technical and exports measures for that are divided into groups and subgroups. The classification of non-tariff barriers (16 groups) are marked by letters of the alphabet from «A» to «P». They cover all areas of non-tariff regulation.

The political barrier is the degree of political differences, legislation, regulatory functions and mechanisms of the state, the stability of the political system and so on. The size of socio-cultural barrier shows different traditions, social organization of society, language and others. The economic barrier indicates the relative difference in economic conditions between regions market, demand, competition, rate of return of capital etc. Finally, geographical barriers are associated with differences climate conditions: temperature, time mode etc.

The political barriers components are the same as regular components of the economic barrier: customs regime, the cost of crossing the border, taxation, annual retail turnover, absolute and relative measure (in all respects and in different years); FDI per capita; gross added value per person; loans per person; population etc.

Another specific barrier is the trade war. E. Mytareva [8] gives the definition of it as a retail trade war between two or more countries the aim of which is to capture foreign markets or preventing the national economy trade "occupation".

We will try to match the political and economic barriers and the degree of international economic integration using a matrix method. Each side of our matrix will have three positions. Assume the current three levels of political and economic barriers: high political and economic barriers (I); average politico-economic barriers (II); low political-economic barriers (III);

Integration strategy (stage of international economic integration) denote: complete international economic integration (III); partial international economic integration (II); initial international economic integration (I) (Table 1).


10

Table 1 Political-economic barriers’ influence on international economic process

low political-economic barrier

ІІІ + ІІІ = economic union

ІІІ + ІІ = ustom union

ІІІ + І = The Association Agreement (European Agreement)

average politico-economic barriers

ІІ + ІІІ = common market

ІІ +ІІ = free trade area

ІІ + І = The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement

high politico-economic barrier

І + ІІІ = 0 І + ІІ = preferential agreement

І + І = The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement

complete international economic integration

partial international economic integration

initial international economic integration

Made by authors Based on available positions, we will build a matrix with quadrants where the

level of political and economic barriers are shown and the barrier height determine the number of available political and economic barriers to be overcome for a country that is integrating; and horizontally - the stage position of international economic integration.

References

1. Baldwin R. E. Measuring nontariff trade policies.-National bureau of economic research.- 1989.- May.-Work. Papers №2978.

2. Dumoulin J. I. The World Trade Organization. - M .: Economics. -2003.- p.149-150. 3. Hillman A. Declining Industries and Political-Support Protectionist Motives // American

Economic Review, 1982, Vol.72, №5,December.- pp.1180-1187. 4. Jong-Wha Lee, Phillip Swagel. Trade Barriers and Trade Trade Flows Across Countries and

Industries // Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.- 1995. - July. № 476. 5. Leamer E. Cross Section Estimation of the Effects of Trade Barriers.-Department of Economics,

UCLA..- 1986.- September. - №417. 6. Letov V. A. The main approaches to the classification of non-tariff measures and restrictions on

world trade // Business Law. - 2010. - №5. - pp.190-192. 7. Magee, Stephen, William Brock and Leslie Young. Black Hole Tariffs and Endogenous Policy

Theory, Cambridge Universiry Press. – 1989.


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8. Mytareva, E. A. The "trade war" as a means of the international trade non-tariff regulation. [Electr. resource]. – Retrieved from: http://vestnik.kemsu.ru/Content/journals/201011/74-77_Мытарева.pdf.

9. Orlova, V.N. The non-tariff barriers in the international trade: an attempt of the conceptual evaluation. [Electr. resource]. – Retrieved from: www.library.ukma.kiev.ua/e-lib/N2/NZV19_2001_economy/14_orlova_vm.pdf.

10. The development of the evolution and trends of the international trading system. - The United Nations. Geneva. – 2012. - 17-18 September. – 25p.

11. UNCTAD Coding System of Trade Control Measures (2012). [Electr. resource]. –– Retrieved from:http://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/docs/UNCTAD%20Coding%20System%20of%20Trade%20Control%20Measures.docx.

iuri prisaJniuki emd, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis fakultetis profesori,

ivan frankos saxelobis erovnuli universiteti, ukraina.

irina prixodvo saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kaTedris asistenti,

ivan frankos saxelobis erovnuli universiteti, ukraina. aratarifuli barierebi saerTaSoriso vWrobaSi da

ekonomikuri integraciis procesi

anotacia

aratarifuli zomebis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi

Cveulebrivi movlenaa, radganac isini warmoadgenen SedarebiT

efeqtur instruments bazrebze SeRwevadobis daxurvisaTvis sam-

Tavrobo subsidiebis gziT, raodenobrivi SezRudvebi, licenzi-

reba, qvotebi, administraciuli procedurebi, sanitaruli da

teqnikuri normebi da a.S.

aratarifuli instrumentebisadmi midgoma sakmaod winaaRmde-

gobrivia: erTi mxriv, msoflio savaWro organizacia cdilobs

minimumamde daiyvanos maTi gamoyeneba, meore mxriv ki, TiToeuli

qveyana cdilobs gamoiyenos isini da daicvas Tavisi Sida bazari,

da waaxalisos amiT ekonomikuri da administraciuli berketebiT

eqsport-importis operaciebis regulirebas.


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Присяжнюк Юрий Доктор экономических наук, профессор факультета Международных отношений,

Национальный университет Львова им. Ивана Франко. Украина Приходько Ирина

ассистент кафедры Международных экономических отношений Национальный университет Львова им. Ивана Франко. Украина

НЕТАРИФНЫЕ БАРЬЕРЫ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ И

ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ Аннотация

Использование нетарифных мер в международной торговле довольно обычным явлением, потому что они являются наиболее эффективными инструментами для закры-тия доступа к рынкам через правительственные субсидии, количественные ограничения, лицензирование, квотирование, административные процедуры, санитарные и технические нормы и т.д.

Отношение к нетарифным инструментам довольно противоречивое: с одной точки зрения, Всемирная торговая организация пытается свести к минимуму их исполь-зование, с другой точки зрения - каждая страна пытается применить их и защитить свой внутренний рынок, поощряя использование экономических и административных рычагов регулирования экспортно-импортных операций.


13

finansebi

irine mamalaZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri

universitetis

asocirebuli profesori,

aleqsandre xvedeliani

kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universitetis

doqtoranti

sarisko kapitalis ganviTarebis etapebi

sarisko kapitalis daniSnulebaa iseTi kompaniis amoqmdeba

da zrda-ganviTareba, romelic originalurobisa da unikalu-

robis matarebelia. im ideis sicocxlisunarianoba, romlis

xorcSesxmasac xsenebuli kapitali emsaxureba, jer kidev ar aris

dadasturebuli bazris mier. amdenad, sarisko kapitali aqtua-

luri xdeba iq, sadac erTgavri eqsperementi da riskia.

sarisko kapitalidan mogebas investori iRebs, rogorc wesi,

ara perioduli dividendebis saxiT, aramed im biznesSi Tavisi

wilis erTjeradi gayidvis saxiT, romelic Casaxvis stadiaze

daafinansa man. is kompaniebi, romlebmac sarisko kapitali SeiZ-

leba moizidon, SeiZleba iyos:

Seed _ am stadiaze kompania jer kidev ar arsebobs. momzade-

bulia mxolod proeqti an arsebobs biznesidea, romelic unda

dafinansdes saWiro kvlevebis Casatareblad an axali nakeTobis

(proeqtis) nimuSis dasamzadeblad, vidre mis bazazre gaitandnen.

Starta Up _ esaa ukve Seqmnili kompania, romelsac jer saku-

Tari `istoria~ ara aqvs bazarze. igi saxsrebs izidavs samecnie-

ro-kvleviTi samuSaoebis Casatareblad da bazarze gasasvlelad.

Expansion _ kompania erTi xania ukve funqcionirebs da saris-

ko kapitali mas esaWiroba warmoebis moculobis gasafarToeb-

lad, damatebiTi kvlevebis Casatareblad da a.S.

Exit _ investorebi yidian TavianT kuTvnil aqciaTa paketebs

an wils kapitalSi da toveben sawarmos.

aRsaniSnavia, rom im pirvel kompaniad, romelic sarisko da-

finansebis wyalobiT Seiqmna, feirCaild semikondaqtors miiC-

neven, romelic 1959 w. daafuZna firma venrok esouSeitsma.

sarisko kapitali mWidro kavSirSia teqnologiurad novato-

rul sawarmoebTan. Tavdapirvelad sarisko kapitali Tavmoyrili


14

iyo ganviTarebisa da gafarToebis stadiaze myof kompaniebSi.

isini iyenebdnen eleqtronul da sainformacio teqnologiebSi,

agreTve, medicinis sferoSi arsebul miRwevebs. amis gamo sarisko

(venCuruli) dafinanseba teqnologiebis dafinansebis sinonimad

iqca.

1974 w. venCurulma firmebma daqveiTeba ganicades, rac sa-

fondo birJis moSlam ganapiroba. 1978 wlidan am mxriv didi

aRmavloba daiwyo da sarisko kapitalis dabandebidan miRebulma

wliurma mogebam 750 mln dolari Seadgina [1].

1983 w. aRiniSna sarisko kapitalis matebis bumi. dRes

warmatebiT moRvawe umsxvilesi amerikuli firmebis didi nawili

swored am welsaa dasaqmebuli. Tumca, mravali menejeris gamouc-

delobis gamo, maT mier gamomuSavebuli sargebeli mTlianobaSi

mainc Zalian mcire iyo. venCuruli firmebi am periodSi sagrZ-

noblad kvecavdnen danaxarjebs da bevr Zalisxmevas axmardnen

imas, rom kompaniebi warmatebuli gaexadaT.

1990-iani wlebis bolo kaliforniaSi ganTavsebuli venCuru-

li firmebis didi aRmavlobis xanaa, rac 2003 wlamde gagrZelda.

amerikis safondo birJis (NASDAQ) `CamoSlam~ mravali sarisko

fondis ryevebi gamoiwvia, ramac 2005 w. Suaxanebamde gastana.

Semdgom, internetkompaniebis saqmianobis gamoco-cxlebam venCuru-

li industriis axali aRmavloba gamoiwvia, rasac 2008 w. dawye-

bulma krizisma SeuSala xeli.

inovaciuri sawarmoebis umravlesoba iwyeba iseTi mcire da

kerZo sawarmoebis saxiT, romelSic erTi adamiani an adamianTa

jgufi formaluri nabijebis gadadgmas iwyebs raime mimzidveli

ideis xorcSesasxmelad. amis Semdeg inovaciuri sawarmoebis

ganviTarebis konkretuli Taviseburebebis ganmsazRvrelia:

• produqtis damuSavebisaTvis saWiro Tavdapirveli danaxar-

jebis moculoba;

• am produqtis bazris ganviTarebisa da bazarze gasvli-

saTvis saWiro periodis xangrZlivoba.

ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze myofi inovaciuri sawarmos

fuladi saxsrebis moZraobisa da dafinansebis wyaroebis grafiki

Semdegi saxis SeiZ-leba iyos (sur. 1).

gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa sarisko investirebis dinamika

2011-2012 wlebSi, roca TvalSi sacemi mateba iyo sawarmoebis

ganviTarebis yvela stadiaze, gviani stadiis garda. rogorc eqs-

pertebi miuTiTeben, kapitalidan SedarebiT naadrevad gamosvla


15

imis SesaZleblobas uqmnis venCurul fondebs, rom Tanxebi daub-

runon invetorebs, Seqmnan dadebiTi istoria da axal fondebs

gaukeTon organizeba [3].

rodesac venCurul saqmianobaze saubroben, gulisxmoben

venCurul investorebs (romlebic abandeben sakuTar an nasesxeb

saxsrebs), venCurul fondebs (romlebic ramdenime investoris

saxsrebs uyrian Tavs), venCurul mmarTvel kompaniebs (romlebic

yvelaze ufro momgebian produqtebs amoarCeven da maTSi aban-

deben venCuruli fondebis saxrebs) da venCurul sawarmoebs

(romlebic venCurul investiciebs iReben). venCuruli sainvesti-

cio saqmianobis elementebis urTierTqmedebis sistemis genezisi

venCuruli investorebisa da recipientebis ubralo TanamSrom-

lobidan ufro rTul struqturamde me-2 suraTzea naCvenebi [4].

sadReisod msoflioSi venCuruli kapitalis sami ZiriTadi

bazari funqcionirebs aSS da kanada; evropa; samxreT-aRmosav-

leT azia. evropul bazrad dasavleT evropas gulisxmoben xol-

me, Tumca, investorTa sul ufro mzardi yuradReba centraluri

da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs eTmoba. perspeqtiulad iTvleba

aseve, izraelis, indoeTisa da avstraliis bazrebi [5]. rogorc

fulad

i sax

sreb

is

nakadeb

i

grantebi, damfuZneblebi

`CaTesva~

biznes-angelozebi

starti

sarisko fondebis saxsrebi

adresuli zrda

birJebi, moklevadiani kreditebi

gafarToeba

ganviTarebis etapebi

sur.1. proeqtis ganviTarebis etapebi, dafinansebis wyaroebi da fiannsuri saxsrebis nakadebi [2; gv.17]


16

Cans, venCuruli kapitalis ganviTareba momavalSi swored am re-

gionebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli. ufro dawvrilebiT SevexoT

venCuruli kapitalis bazris ganviTarebas dasavleT evropaSi.

kerZo saaqcio kapitali dasavleT evropaSi 1980-iani wlebis

bolos gamoCnda da aqaurma perspqtiulma firmebma 80 mlrd eki-

uze meti venCuruli kapitali miiRes. ukve XXI s. pirvel wlebSi

evrokavSirSi daaxloebiT 1000 specializebuli venCuruli fondi

moqmedebda, romlebic 10000-ze met kompaniaSi axdenen investi-

rebas. venCuruli fondebis mier investiciebis akumulirebaTa mo-

culobebi me-3 suraTzea warmodgenili [6, gv. 47].

1990-ian wlebSi evropaSi venCuruli dafinansebis ganviTa-

rebas axasiaTebda axali venCuruli regionebis warmoqmna da ganm-

tkiceba. kerZod, fineTSi praqtikulad nulidan Seiqmna aTobiT

amgvari kompania da damuSavda mTeli rigi axali satelekomunika-

cio teqnologiebi, ramac saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mxridan

didma mxardaWeram Seuwyo xeli. meore aseTi regionia safran-

geTis samxreTSi mdebare q. nicas raioni. Taviseburi `zonebia~

Seq-mnili gfr-Si, italiaSi, niderlandebSi da espaneTSi. axali

venCuruli investori

sur.2. venCuruli saqmianobis elementebis urTierTqmedebis ganviTareba istoriul WrilSi

venCuruli investori

1 etapi: XXs. I

naxevramde

venCuruli investorebi

venCuruli investorebi

venCuruli fondi

venCuruli sawarmoebi

venCuruli investori

venCuruli investori

mmarTveli kompania

2 etapi: XXs. 60-iani

wlebi

1 etapi: XXs. 80-iani

wlebi


17

teqnologiebis centrebi viTardeba sloveniaSi, CexeTSi, ungreTsa

da poloneTSi. erTgvari bumis wlebSi aq Camoyalibda Tval-

saCino internetindustria, romelic venCuruli bazrebis zrda-

ganviTarebas eyrdnoba.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. История развития и особенности венчурного инвестирования в странах мира. www. globfin.ru/articles/venture/ventin.htm

2. Финансирование инновационного развития. Обзор ЕЭК и ООН, Нью-Иорк и Женева, 2007

3. Аналитика РВК. Обзор первых двух кварталов 2012г. URL: http://www. rusventure.ru/ ru/ pogrmm/analytics/docs MoneyTree_9months 2012_rus_web.pdf

4. О.Ф. Малашенкова Венчурное инвестирование в мире. elib.bsu/bitsream/123456789 /5195/1/ malashenkoba_2009_6_IER_issues.pdf

5. Дворжак И. Венчурный капитал в ЦВЕ. www.bre.ru/risk-/9095.html 6. О.Ф. Малашенкова Венчурное финансирование иннвестиционного развития мировой экономики. Банкаускi вестнiк. Верасен, 2012.


18

irine mamalaZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri

universitetis

asocirebuli profesori,

aleqsandre xvedeliani

kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universitetis

doqtoranti

sarisko kapitalis ganviTarebis etapebi

anotacia

sarisko kapitalis daniSnulebaa iseTi kompaniis amoqmdeba

da zrda-ganviTareba, romelic originalurobisa da unikalu-

robis matarebelia. sarisko kapitali aqtualuria iq, sadac erT-

gvari eqsperimenti da riskia.

sarisko kapitali mWidro kavSirSia teqnologiurad novato-

rul, inovaciur sawarmoebTan. maTi umravlesoba iwyeba iseTi

mcire da kerZo sawarmeobis saxiT, romlebmac mimzidvel ideebs

unda Seasxan xorci.

rodesac sarisko (venCurul) saqmianobaze saubroben, gulis-

xmoben venCurul investorebs, venCurul fondebs, venCurul

mmarTvel kompaniebsa da venCurul sawarmoebs.

Мамаладзе Ирине Технический университет Грузии, Ассоцированный Профессор,

Хведелиани Александр Докторант Кавказского международного университета

ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РИСКОВОГО КАПИТАЛА Аннотация

Целью рискового капитала является задействование и развитие такой

компании которая выделяется оригинальностью и уникальностью. Рисковой капитал актуален там, где существует своего рода эксперимент и риск.

Рисковый капитал тесно связан с технологически инновационными предприятиями. Большинство из них начмнало с малых и частных предприятий которые призваны воплотить привлекательные идеи.

Говоря о рысковой (венчурной) деятельности, подразумевают венчурных инвесторов, венчурные фонды, венчурные компании и венчурные предприятия.


19

Irine Mamaladze Georgian Technical University, Associate Professor,

Aleksandre Khvedeliani Doctorant

THE STAGES OF RISK CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Annotation

Risk capital is intended to set up and develop such companies which are

characterised by originality and uniqueness. Risk capital is actual where some kind of experiment and risk exist.

Risk capital is in close connection with technologically innovative enterprises most of them begin with small and private enterprises which must realize attractive ideas. When speaking about risk (venture) activity it means venture investors, venture funds, venture managing companies and venture enterprises.


20

nino qavTaraZe biznesis administrirebis akademiuri doqtori

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi

investicia warmoadgens fulad saSualebebs, fasian qaRaldebs,

miznobriv sabanko Senatanebs, kreditebs, teqnologiebs, manqanebs,

licenziebs, sxva qonebriv uflebebs da inteleqtualur faseu-

lobebs, romlebsac abandeben mewarmeebi biznesSi socialur-

ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT [1, gv. 392].

rogorc cnobilia, nebismieri qveynisTvis, da gansakuTrebiT

saqarTvelosTvis, pirdapiri investiciebi gamorCeul adgils

ikavebs, radgan ,,aris dabandeba warmoebaSi anda aqtivSi, romelic

saSualebas aZlevs investors, gaakontrolos sawarmos saqmianoba

da uzrunvelyofen kompaniis aqciebis 50 procentze metis flobas.

ucxouri investiciebis saerTaSorisod miRebuli klasifikaciiT,

pirdapir investiciebs ganekuTvneba investiciebi, romlis Sedegadac

investori Rebulobs sawarmos sawesdebo kapitalis aranakleb 10

procentian wils. am SemTxvevaSi investors eZleva SesaZlebloba,

miiRos uSualo monawileoba sawarmos marTvaSi“ [1, gv. 393].

qveyanaSi moziduli pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi mis

politikur da ekonomikur mdgradobaze miuTiTebs da amiT eko-

nomikis Semdgom ganviTarebas uzrunvelyofs, naTlad gviCvenebs

moziduli saxsrebis odenobas da im efeqts, romelic sxvadasxva

seqtorSi maTi gadanawilebiT iqna miRebuli.

RonisZiebebma, romlebic saqarTveloSi investiciebis mozidvis

mimarTulebiT mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad gatarda, Seqmna

investorTa dainteresebis realuri safuZveli.

miRwevebi, romlebic dResdReobiT amis Tqmis safuZvels

gvaZlevs, Semdegia:

– sagadasaxado reJimis liberalizacia da sagadasaxado

tvirTis Semcireba;

– biznesis wamowyebasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebasTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamartiveba, raSic aseve udavod

moiazreba biurokratizmis mkveTri Semcireba;

– sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewa da misi misadageba evropis

standartebTan;

– ekonomikis stabilizacia da misi uwyveti ganviTareba;

– korufciis aRmofxvra;


21

– finansuri stabiluroba;

– mimzidveli geografiuli mdebareoba;

– politikuri stabiluroba;

– sasamarTlos damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofa.

zemoaRniSnuli dadebiTi tendenciebis Sedegia 2014 wels

saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebis maCvenebeli, romel-

mac ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros monacemebiT

1,272 mln aSS dolari Seadgina da mkveTrad gadaaWarba 2013 da 2012

wlis maCvenebels, Sesabamisad 35.1 da 39.6 %-iT.

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi dargobriv WrilSi Semdegi

saxiT warmogvidgeba:

– transporti da kavSirgabmulobad 343 mln dolari;

– mSeneblobad 295 mln dolari;

– damamuSavebeli mrewvelobad 174 mln dolari;

– energetikad 99 mln dolari;

– uZravi qonebad 87 mln dolari.

da a.S.

saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebis moculobis

sididis mxriv pirvel sameulSi warmodgenilia Semdegi qveynebi:

1. niderlandebid 331,2 mln dolari;

2. azrbaijanid 302,1 mln dolari;

3. CineTid194,9 mln dolari [2].

,,pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis zrda aris Sedegi im

ekonomikuri politikis, romelsac saqarTvelos mTavroba axor-

cielebs, moxsnilia wnexi biznesze da saqarTveloSi aris Seqmnili

yvela piroba imisTvis, rom ganxorcieldes investiciebi da in-

vestorebma miiRon Sesabamisi mogeba TavianT ganxorcielebul

samewarmeo saqmianobaze, ris Sedegadac, ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelo

miiRebs pirdapir sargebels“ [3].

saxelmwifo sainvesticio programebi unda efuZnebodes wi-

naswar warmoebul da mravalgzis gaanalizebul gaTvlebs, raTa

sworad moxdes miznebis, xarjebis dafinansebis wyaroebis, formebis

da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, saboloo Sedegis swori gansazRvra.

am kuTxiT aucilebelia saxelmwifos mier zustad ganisazRvros

prioritetuli mimarTulebebi, romelTa SerCevaSic upiratesad

unda iqnes gamokveTili Cveni qveynis konkurentunarianoba msoflio

bazarze, garkveulwilad, saqarTveloSi upiratesobebi SenarCu-

nebulia Semdeg mimarTulebebSi: turizmi, kvebis mrewveloba, ener-

getika, warmoebis sfero, infrastruqtura, transporti da


22

kavSirgabmuloba, uZravi qoneba, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika-teq-

nologiebi da a.S.

investiciebze, gansakuTrebiT ki ucxour investiciebze

saubrisas yuradReba unda gamaxvildes upiratesad mrewvelobis

dargebis grZelvadian investirebaze. ucxouri investiciebis saSua-

lebiT miRebuli mTeli sikeTe saqarTveloSi warmoebis zrdis

samsaxurSi unda iqnes Cayenebuli [4, gv. 161]. aqve aRsaniSnavia

saqarTveloSi centrsa da regionebs Soris ganviTarebis doneTa

mkveTri diferenciacia, rac udavod miuTiTebs sainvesticio

politikaSi dResdReobiT arsebul xarvezebze.


1. mesxia i. saerTaSoriso finansebi, Tb., 2012.

2. saqarTvelos ekonomiksa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro

3. qavTaraZe i.d http://www.economy.ge/ge/media/news/saqarTveloSi

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 2014 wels 39 procentiT

gaizarda.

4. qavTaraZe n. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis

zrdis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, disertacia, Tb., 2008.

nino qavTaraZe biznesis administrirebis akademiuri doqtori

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi

anotacia

statiaSi ganxilulia investiciis arsi, gansakuTrebuli yurad-

Rebaa gamaxvilebuli ucxour investiciebze, saqarTvelosTvis maTi

gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare. aRniSnulia is Zi-

riTadi miRwevebi, romlebmac am mimarTulebiT Cvens qveyanas da-

debiTi Sedegi moutana, am yvelafris dasturad moyvanilia ofi-

cialuri cifrobrivi monacemebi 2012-2014 wlebSi saqarTveloSi

ganxorcielebul ucxour investiciebTan dakavSirebiT, aseve, 2014

wels maTi gadanawileba dargobriv WrilSi da investiciebis

ganmaxorcielebeli qveynebis umsxvilesi sameuli. warmodgenilia

garkveuli rekomendaciebi am kuTxiT mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis

mizniT.


23

Кавтарадзе Нино Академический доктор бизнес администрирования

ПРЯМЫЕ ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИИ В ГРУЗИИ Аннотация

В статье рассмотрена суть инвестиции, особое внимание обращена на

иностранные инвестиции, так как для Грузии они имеют особое значение. Отмечены те основные достижения, которые принесли позитивный резултат к подтверждению этому приведены официальные цифровые данные 2012-2014 годов, в связи с осуществлением иностранных инвестиции в Грузии. Также в 2014 году их перераспределение в отраслевом плане и также тройка стран осуществляющих крупные инвестиции. Представлены определённые рекомен-дации улучшающие положение в этом плане.

Nino Kavtaradze Ph.D Degree in Business Administration

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN GEORGIA Annotation

In the article is considered the essence of the investment, special attention is

turned on foreign investments as for Georgia they have the special value. The main achievements, that brought positive results are marked out and confirmed with official figures of 2012-2014 of realized foreign investments in Georgia. Also in 2014 their redistribution in the industry plan and also the three of the countries which are carrying out large investments. The certain recommendations improving situation in this plan are submitted.


24

turizmi

Чахвашвили Дали Государственный университет Акакия Церетели

Какауридзе Натела член Академии наук туризма Грузии

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ГРУЗИИ НА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ БИЗНЕС ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

Индустрия туризма является одной из наиболее динамично развивающихся

отраслей сферы услуг. Ее значение постоянно возрастает, а следовательно возрастает и влияние на мировую экономику, обеспечивая десятую часть мирового валового национального продукта. Развитие туризма приводит к развитию экономической инфраструктуры страны и мирных процессов в сосуществовании различных культурных сообществ. В последние годы туризм стал одним из самых прибыльных видов бизнеса в мире. Он использует примерно 7% мирового капитала. Международный туризм является, активным источником поступлений иностранной валюты и оказывает воздействие на платежный баланс траны. Ежегодный рост инвестиций в индустрию туризма составляет около 30%.

Рост туризма создает в странах независимо от уровня их развития много рабочих мест. Поэтому такое воздействие туризма на занятость может стать определяющим для многих небольших стран, которые существенно зависят от данного сектора экономики. В этих странах более 50% трудоспособного населения вовлечено в деятельность, которая прямо иил косвенно связана с туризмом в определенное время года.

Развитию туристического бизнеса в Грузии способствует уникальное геополитическое и геоэкономическое звеном между Западом и Востоком, имеет выход к Черному морю.

На территории 69,7 тыс.кв.км сосредоточены более двенадцати тысяч памятников истории и культуры, из которых 5 тысяч находятся под охраной государства. С 1994 года четыре из них вошли в список памятников мирового значения Юнеско. Это – древнейший город Грузии – Мцхета, Гелатский монастырский комплекс (XI в.), храм Баграта в Кутаиси (XI в.) и архитектурный ансамбль в Ушгули. Отдельную группу достопримечательностей составляют высеченный в скале пещерный город Вардзия и Греми ( XVIв.)

Значительны курортные ресурсы Грузии: 102 курорта и 182 курортных мест с перспективой дальнейшего развития, большое количество минеральных лечебных вод.


25

Многочисленны природные достопримечательности – заповедники и национальные парки, в которых густые лиственные и хвойные леса сменяются альпийскими лугами; пещеры, водопады.

Процес формирования туристической инфраструктуры предполагает развитие материальной базы в рамках реконструкций и завершения строительства туристических объектов. расположеных в районах с наиболее высоким туристическим потенциалом. В последние годы ведется активное строительство новых объектов для размещения туристов, а также модернизация существующей материальной базы. В 2012 году была проведена реставрация и реконструкция древнейшего архитектурного памятника «Рабата» в Ахалцихе, который уже посетили несколько тысяч туристов со всего мира. Недавно возле курорта Цхалтубо была открыта и благоустроена на современном мировом уровне пещера «Прометей», которая расположена на несколько километров и ее осмотр возможен как пещим ходом, так и на лодках. Эта пищера вызывает большое изумление и удовольствие увиденным.

Исходя из этого можно сказать, что туризм это невидимый экспорт, который имеет большое влияние на платежный баланс Грузии. Около 58% экспорта сервиса страны приходится на туризм. По данным мирового международного туристическсого совета (WTTC) в 2013 году прямая контрибуция этой отрасли в ОВП составила 2,2 трил. дол., что способствовало созданию 101млн рабочих мест. В 2013 году доход от иностранного туризма составил 1,72 млрд долл. (прирост 22%)\ В четвертом квартале того же года количество занятых составило 168,8 тыс. человек, а общая дабавочная стоимость достигла 1,5 млрд лар.

Доходы от международного туризма

Источник: Национальный банк Грузии.


26

Распределение международных вьездов Грузии по странам

Источник: МВД Грузии.

Согласно статистики последних лет среди международных путешествии самым популярным является летний сезон с 1880515 визитом (июнь 490796, июль 613604, август 776 115)/ что составит 35% общего дохода.

Все это способствует совершенствованию бизнес инфраструктуры страны. Туристический бизнес стимулирует развитие других отраслей хозяйства: строительства, торговля, сельского хозяйства, производства товаров народного потребления, связи и т.д. Данный бизнес привлекает предпринимателей по многим причинам: небольшие стартовые инвестиции, растущий спрос на туристические услуги, высокий уровень рентабельности и минимальный срок окупаемости затрат. Туризм в новом тысячелетии станет важным фактором развития человечества в целом и мировой экономики частности.

Использованная литература

1. Бирржаков М.Б., Введение в туризм. Санкт-петербург, 2007 2. World Tourism Organization and European Travel Commission, “Handbook

on Tourism Market Segmention_Maximising Marketing Effectiveness”, Madrid, 2007

3. http:/www.tourism.gov.ge


27

4. http:/www.answers.com/topic/travel 5. http:/www.answers.com/topic/the-grand-tour-george-jones-album 6. http:/www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9703/san.fran/offbeat/index.

html 7. Статистическое обознеие туризма Грузии

http://www.economy.ge/ge/publications/our/1299

dali CaxvaSvili akaki wereTlis universiteti

naTela kakauriZe saqarTvelos turizmis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevri

saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis zegavlena biznes-

infrastruqturis srulyofaze

anotacia

statiaSi naCvenebia turizmis industriis zegavlena msof-

lio ekonomikaze. turizmis ganviTareba iwvevs qveynis ekono-

mikuri infrastruqturis ganviTarebas. ukanasknel wlebSi turiz-

mi gaxda biznesis erT-erTi yvelaze momgebiani sfero msoflio-

Si. turistuli biznesi stimulirebs meurneobis sxva dargebis

ganviTaebas: mSeneblobas, vaWrobas, soflis meurneobas, erovnuli

moxmarebis saqonlis warmoebas, kavSirgabmulobas da sxva. aR-

niSnuli biznesi izidavs mewarmeebs mravali mizeziT: mcire sas-

tarto investiciebiT, turistul momsaxurebaze gazrdili moT-

xovniT, rentabelobis marali doniT da xarjebis amoRebis mini-

maluri vadiT.

naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom saqarTveloSi turistuli bizne-

sis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs unikaluri geopolitikuri da geo-

ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. saqarTvelo warmoadgens SemakavSire-

bel rgols dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris, aqvs gasavleli

Sav zRvaze. saqarTvelo, uZvelesi droidan cnobili, rogorc

kolxeTi da iberia, “oqros sawmisis” qveyana, yovelTvis iwvevda

yuradRebas Tavisi TviTmyofadi kulturiT. naSromSi warmodge-

nilia qveynis RirSesaniSnaobebi, istoriisa da kulturis Zeg-

lebi, sakurorto resurseb.

turistuli infrastruqturis formirebis procesi gulis-

xmobs im turistuli obieqtebis materialuri baziis ganviTa-

rebas, mSeneblobas, rekonstruqciasa da dasrulebas, romlebic


28

ganlagebuli arian SedarebiT maRali turistuli potencialis

raionebSi. mimdinareobs axali obieqtebis aqtiuri mSenebloba

turistebis ganTavsebisaTvis, agreTve arsebuli materialuri

bazis modernizacia. yovelive es xels uwyobs investiciebis

zrdas turizmis industriaSi da qveynis biznes-infrastruqturis

srulyofas.

Чахвашвили Дали Государственный университет Акакия Церетели,

Какауридзе Натела член Академии наук туризма Грузии

ВЛИЯНИЕ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ГРУЗИИ НА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ БИЗНЕС -ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ

Аннотация В труде показано влияние индустрии туризма на мировую экономику.

Развитие туризма приводит к развитию экономической инфраструктуры страны. В последние годы туризм стал одним из самых прибыльных видов бизнеса в мире. Туристический бизнес стимулирует развитие других отраслей хозяйства: строительства, торговли, сельского хозяйства, производства товаров народного потребления, связи и т.д. Данный бизнес привлекает предпринимателей по многим причинам: небольшие стартовые инвестиции, растущий спрос на туристические услуги, высокий уровень рентабельности и минимальный срок окупаемости затрат.

В работе отмечено, что развитию туристического бизнеса в Грузии способствует уникальное геополитическое и геоэкономическое положение. Грузия является связующим звеном между Западом и Востоком, имеет выход к Черному морю. Грузия, с древности известная как Колхида и Иберия, земля «Золотого руна», всегда привлекала к себе внимание величавой историей и самобытной культурой. В работке представлены достопримечательности страны, памятники истории и культуры, курортные ресурсы.

Процес формирования туристической инфраструктуры предполагает развитие материальной базы в рамках реконструкции и завершения строительс-тва туристических объектов, расположеных в районах с наиболее высоким туристическим потенциалом. Ведется активное строительство новых объектов для размещения туристов, а также модернизация существующей материальной базы. Все это способствует росту инвестиций в индустрию туризма и совершенствованию бизнес-инфраструктуры страны.


29

Dali Chakhvashvili AkakiTsereteli State University,

Natela Kakauridze Tourism scientific Academy of Georgia

THE INFLUENCE OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL OF GEORGIA T O

IMPROVE THE BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE Annotation

The work shows the influence of the tourism industry on the global economy. The development of tourism leads to the development of the economic infrastructure of the country. In recent years, tourism has become one of the most lucrative businesses in the world. Travel industry encourages the development of other economic sectors: construction, trade, agriculture, consumer goods, telecommuni-cations, etc. This business attracts entrepreneurs for many reasons: the small initial investment, the growing demand for tourist services, a high level of profitability and minimum cost recovery.

The paper noted that the development of tourism in Georgia contributes to the unique geopolitical and geo-economic position. Georgia is a bridge between East and West, has an outlet to the Black Sea. Georgia, from the ancient times known as Colchis and Iberia, the land of the "Golden Fleece", has always attracted the attention of the majestic history and unique culture. In processing are attractions of the country, the monuments of history and culture, resort resources.

The process involves the formation of the tourism infrastructure of the facilities in the reconstruction and completion of construction of tourist facilities located in areas with the highest tourism potential. Active construction of new facilities for tourists, as well as the modernization of existing facilities. All of this contributes to the growth of investment in the tourism industry and the improvement of business infrastructure.


30

auditi

dezdemona maRlakeliZe ekonomikis doqtori akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetisa da

quTaisis universitetis asocirebuli profesori,

naTela vaSakiZe ekonomikis doqtori, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis

asocirebuli profesori auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi

auditis formireba XIX saukunis Sua wlebSi daiwyo inglisSi

sabazro urTierTobebis ganviTarebis periodSi. kapitalizmis

CamoyalibebasTan erTad, masobrivad kotrdeboda kompaniebi, rom-

lis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo kompaniaTa mmarTvelTa arakeTilsindi-

siereba da aragonivruli qmedebebi. gakotrebul aqcionerebs

gauCndaT dacvis moTxovnileba, xolo potenciur investorebs da

arsebul aqcionerebs - maT kompaniebSi saqmeebis mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb utyuari informaciis miRebis survili.

Sotlandiis gamoCenilma buRalterTa jgufma XIX saukunis

Sua wlebSi Seqmna profesiuli gaerTianeba, romlis mizani iyo

kompaniebis mier wardgenili sabuRaltro angariSebis Semowmeba.

auditis amocana kompaniebis safinanso-sameurneo saqmianobis de-

talur SemowmebaSi mdgomareobda. Tavisi ganviTarebis periodSi

auditma, rogorc ekonomikis infrastruqturis elementma, ganvi-

Tarebis ramdenime xarisxobrivi etapi ganvlo iseve, rogorc

mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis nebismierma saxem. amitom yoveli

ganvlili etapi Seesabameboda ekonomikur urTierTobaTa ganviTa-

rebis garkveul dones.

saqarTveloSi auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba sabazro

urTierTobebis damkvidrebis kvaldakval moxda. kerZo mewarmeobis

ganviTarebam, sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis

sawarmoTa Camoyalibebam, dRis wesrigSi daayena kontrolis

sruliad axali, arasaxelmwifo formis damkvidrebis aucilebloba

auditis saxiT.

saqarTveloSi auditoruli firmebis Camoyalibeba jer kidev

oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi daiwyo spontanurad.

maTSi gaerTiandnen maRali kvalifikaciis buRaltrebi, revizorebi,

ekonomistebi da iuristebi. Tumca, maT ar gaaCndaT auditoruli

saqmianobis gamocdileba da ar flobdnen auditis Catarebis


31

Tanamedrove meTodologias. ar arsebobda kanoni auditoruli

saqmianobis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobda auditorTa sertificirebisa da

licenzirebis Camoyalibebuli sistema, moqmedi auditorebi ar

flobdnen auditis saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebs.

Seqmnili situaciis daregulirebis mizniT 1995 wlis 7

Tebervals saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “auditoruli

saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, romlis safuZvelzec 1996 wels saqarTvelos

parlamentTan Seiqmna auditoruli saqmianobis sabWo, rogorc

saxelmwifos maregulirebeli funqciis ganmaxorcielebeli organo

auditis sferoSi.

„auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoniT

ganisazRvra auditis/auditoruli saqmianobis arsi da adgili

finansuri kontrolis sistemaSi, dadginda auditorebisa da audi-

toruli firmebis licenzirebisa da sertificirebis wesebi, aseve

Camoyalibda auditoruli daskvnis arsi da mniSvneloba.

aRniSnuli kanoniT ganisazRvra auditis sferos saxelmwifo

regulirebis sistemis principebi da dadginda saqarTvelos par-

lamentTan arsebuli auditoruli saqmianobis sabWos (romelic

amave kanonis safuZvelze Seiqmna), rogorc saxelmwifo maregulire-

beli organos ZiriTadi funqciebi. amasTan, iqve aRiniSna, rom

dasaSvebia auditoruli saqmianobis sabWos kompetencias mikuTvnebu-

li zogierTi sakiTxis delegireba auditorTa profesiuli orga-

nizaciebisaTvis. rac srulad Seesabameba Tanamedrove ganviTare-

buli qveynebis auditis praqtikas.

aRniSnuli kanoniT, auditis Catareba savaldebulo gaxda:

„a) im sameurneo subieqtisaTvis, romelTa organizaciul-

samarTlebrivi forma moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad iTva-

liswinebs mesakuTreTa SezRudul qonebriv pasuxismgeblobas;

b) bankebis, sadazRvevo kompaniebis, arasabiujeto fondebis,

safondo da sasaqonlo birJebisaTvis;

g) fasiani qaRaldebis emitentebisa da sainvesticio insti-

tutebisaTvis;

d) sxva subieqtebisaTvis, romelTa sias yovelwliurad amtki-

cebs saqarTvelos respublikis finansTa samnistro“.

es imas niSnavda, rom auditis Catarebis valdebuleba daekisra

qveyanaSi arsebuli ekonomikuri subieqtebis udides nawils, ramac,

saboloo jamSi, ar gaamarTla da xeli Seuwyo qveyanaSi auditis

mankieri praqtikis damkvidrebas, romlis drosac sameurneo

subieqtebis erTi nawilis interesebSi Sedioda ara auditoruli


32

Semowmebis realurad Catareba, aramed mxolod auditoruli

daskvnis miReba. amiT didi ziani miadga auditoruli saqmianobis

reputacias da misdami ndobas. 2005 wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelos

parlamentma cvlileba Seitana saqarTvelos kanonSi „auditoruli

saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, riTac gauqmda savaldebulo auditis val-

debuleba „a” punqtSi Semavali sameurneo subieqtebisaTvis, ramac

dadebiTi gavlena iqonia qveyanaSi auditoruli saqmianobis Semdgom

ganviTarebaze.

kanoniT ganisazRvra auditoruli saqmianobis warmarTvis

wesebi da pirobebi, aseve auditorisa da damkveTis uflebebi da

movaleobebi, safuZveli Caeyara auditorTa damoukideblobis cnebas

da aseve dadginda auditorisaTvis/audituri firmisaTvis licen-

ziis CamorTmevis pirobebi, kerZod:

„auditoruli saqmianobis sabWos gadawyvetilebiT auditors

(auditur firmas) SeiZleba CamoerTvas auditoruli saqmianobis

licenzia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:

a) auditis dabal doneze Catarebis ramdenime faqtis

dadgenisas;

b) auditis Catarebisas saqarTvelos respublikis moqmedi

kanonmdeblobis ganzrax darRvevis dros;

g) Tu licenziis gacemis Semdeg gamovlinda mis misaRebad

auditoris (audituri firmis) mier usworo monacemebis wardgenis

faqti;

d) Tu auditori (audituri firma) licenziiT gauTvalis-

winebel auditorul saqmianobas eweva”.

aRniSnuli muxli warmoadgenda erT-erT yvelaze efeqtur

berkets auditoruli saqmianobis sabWosaTvis, zemoqmedeba moexdina

auditoruli momsaxureobis xarisxze, iZulebuli gaexada audi-

torebi/audituri firmebi kvalificiuri momsaxureba gaewiaT

damkveTisaTvis. Tumca mogvianebiT, 2005 wels, auditorebisa da

audituri firmebisaTvis licenzirebis moTxovna gauqmda qveyanaSi

ekonomikuri sistemis liberalizaciis motiviT, rac zogadad

misasalmebelia, Tumca am konkretul SemTxvevaSi sabWom, rogorc

maregulirebelma organom, dakarga regulirebis erT-erTi yvelaze

ufro qmediTi meqanizmi im mcirericxovan meqanizmTa Soris, rac ki

mas gaaCnda. Sedegad, sfero praqtikulad regulirebis da zeda-

mxedvelobis gareSe darCa da, saboloo jamSi, aucilebeli gaxada

axali sakanonmdeblo bazis SemuSaveba, romelic ufro efeqtur


33

meqanizmebs daadgenda auditoruli momsaxurebis xarisxis uz-

runvelsayofad.

„auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis miRe-

bisa da auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibebis Semdegac naTeli iyo,

rom jer kidev Zalian bevri iyo gasakeTebeli am sferoSi audi-

toruli saqmianobis ganviTarebisa da auditis profesiis Camoya-

libebisaTvis. saWiro iyo Tanmxlebi sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli

bazis Seqmna, auditorTa eTikis kodeqsis SemuSaveba da damkvidreba,

auditis Catarebis meTodur-meTodologiuri rekomendaciebis

Camoyalibeba, auditis saerTaSoriso standartebis qarTul enaze

Targmna da gamocema, auditorTa/auditur firmaTa licenzirebisa da

sertificirebis wesebis damuSaveba-danergva. yvela am funqciis

Sesruleba Tu Sesrulebis organizacia kanonis Sesabamisad Tavis

Tavze aiRo auditoruli saqmianobis sabWom profesiul orga-

nizaciebTan erTad.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos kanonma

„auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb” da saqarTvelos parlamentTan

arsebulma auditoruli saqmianobis sabWom didi roli Seasrula

qveyanaSi auditoruli saqmianobis CamoyalibebaSi, mis swor

kalapotSi moqcevasa da mizanmimarTuli ganviTarebis safuZvlebis

SeqmnaSi. saqarTveloSi auditurma organizaciebma dRes ukve

mniSvnelovnad gaimyares Tavisi poziciebi bazarze. Tumca, erov-

nuli auditis konkurentunarianobis asamaRleblad jer kidev bevri

amocanaa gadasaWreli. erT-erTi maTgania audituri saqmianobis

standartizacia. am amocanis gadaWrisas mniSvnelovania auditis

saerTaSoriso standartebiT (ISA _ ass) maRalkvalificiuri audi-

torebis momzadeba. praqtika gviCvenebs, rom dadga dro, saerTa-

Soriso moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi iqnes moyvanili ara marto

adre miRebuli audituri saqmianobis standartebi, aramed cnebebis

glosari. es ukanaskneli migviyvans audituri profesiuli termino-

logiis srulyofasTan, rac gaaumjobesebs urTierTgagebas au-

ditorebsa da maTi momsaxurebiT mosargeble pirebs Soris.


1. auditisa da xarisxis kontrolis saerTaSoriso standartebis

saxelmZRvanelo, Tbilisi, 2009.

2. saqarTvelos kanoni „buRaltruli aRricxvisa da finansuri

angariSgebis auditis Sesaxeb“.

3. saxokia g., ananiZe j., saxokia g., buRaltruli aRricxva da


34

auditi. Tb., 2010.

4. finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi (fass) da

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi (bass),

oficialuri dokumentebi 2009 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT. Tb.,

2009.

5. ciramua e., „auditi, meTodika, teqnika“, Tbilisi, 2009.

dezdemona maRlakeliZe ekonomikis doqtori akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetisa da

quTaisis universitetis asocirebuli profesori,

naTela vaSakiZe ekonomikis doqtori, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis

asocirebuli profesori auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi

anotacia

saqarTveloSi auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba sabazro

urTierTobebis damkvidrebis kvaldakval moxda. auditoruli

firmebis Camoyalibeba jer kidev oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis pirvel

naxevarSi daiwyo spontanurad. maTSi gaerTiandnen maRali

kvalifikaciis buRaltrebi, revizorebi, ekonomistebi da iuristebi.

ar arsebobda kanoni auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobda

auditorTa sertificirebisa da licenzirebis Camoyalibebuli

sistema, moqmedi auditorebi ar flobdnen auditis saerTaSoriso

standartebis moTxovnebs. Seqmnili situaciis daregulirebis

mizniT 1995 wlis 7 Tebervals saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRe-

bul iqna kanoni „auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, romlis safuZ-

velzec 1996 wels saqarTvelos parlamentTan Seiqmna auditoruli

saqmianobis sabWo, rogorc saxelmwifos maregulirebeli funqciis

ganmaxorcielebeli organo auditis sferoSi. saqarTveloSi au-

diturma organizaciebma dRes ukve mniSvnelovnad gaimyares Tavisi

poziciebi bazarze. Tumca, erovnuli auditis konkurentunarianobis

asamaRleblad jer kidev bevri amocanaa gadasaWreli. erT-erTi

maTgania audituri saqmianobis standartizacia. praqtika gviCvenebs,

rom dadga dro, gadaixedos da saerTaSoriso moTxovnebTan Sesa-

bamisobaSi iqnes moyvanili ara marto adre miRebuli audituri

saqmianobis standartebi, aramed cnebebis glosari. es ukanaskneli

migviyvans audituri profesiuli terminologiis srulyofastan,


35

rac gaaumjobesebs urTierTgagebas auditorebsa da maTi momsa-

xurebiT mosargeble pirebs Soris.

Desdemona Maghlakelidze Doctor of Economics and the University of Kutaisi Akaki Tsereteli State University

Natella Vashakidze Doctor of Economics, Akaki Tsereteli State University

GEORGIA TO ESTABLISH AUDIT Annotation

Georgia in the wake of the establishment of the audit, the establishment of

market relations. Establishment of audit firms in the first half of the nineties has started spontaneously. They incorporated a highly qualified accountants, auditors, economists and lawyers. No law of the audit, there was no established system for licensing and certification of auditors, the auditors did not have audit requirements of international standards. On February 7, 1995 in order to normalize the situation in the Georgian parliament adopted a law "On Audit Activities", which was set up in 1996 with the Auditors of the Parliament, as the regulatory body of the audit function in the field. Georgia has significantly strengthened its position in the market for audit organizations. However, there are still many tasks to be solved in order to increase the competitiveness of the national audit. One of the activities of standardization -audituri. Practice shows that the time has come to review the requirements of the international audit of the standards set forth by not only before, but also concepts Glossary.

Маглакелидзе Дездемона Доктор экономики, Государственный университет им. Акаки Церетели,

Вашакидзе Натела Доктор экономики, Государственный университет им. Акаки Церетели

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АУДИТОРСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ГРУЗИИ Аннотация

Формирование аудиторской деятельности в Грузии совпало с переходом

на рыночные отношения. Создание аудиторских фирм началось спонтанно с первой половины девяностных. В них объединились высококвалифицированные бухгалтеры, равизоры, экономисти и юристи. Тогда еще не существовало закона об аудиторской деятельности, не было слаженной системы сертифицирования и лицензирования аудиторов, действующие аудиторы не влвдели требованиями стандартов международного аудита. С целю регулирования созданной ситуации 7 февраля 1995 года Парламентом Грузии был принят закон „Об аудиторской


36

деятельности”,на основе которого в 1996 году при Парламенте Грузии был создан Совет по аудиторской деятельности, как орган, осуществляющий регулирующую функцию государства в сфере аидита. Сегодня в Грузии аудиторские организации значительно укрепили свои позиции на рынке. Хотя для повышения конкурентноспособности национального аудита все еще много нерешенных задач. Одно из них _ стандартизация аудиторской деятельности. Практика показывает, что настало время пересмотреть и привести в соответст-вии с международными требованиями только ранее существующие междуна-родные аудиторские стандарты, но и глоссар понятии. Это приведет к усовершенствованию профессиональной аудиторской терминологии, что улучшит взаимопонимание между аудиторами и лицами, пользующимся их услугами.


37

magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebi

ekaterine SainiZe

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti

sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi Sesrulebis

strategia da mosalodneli Sedegebi

sagadasaxado administrirebis sistemaSi mniSvnelovani

adgili uWiravs xelisuflebis mier SemuSavebul RonisZiebebs,

romlebic mimarTulia rogorc sagadasaxado garemos gaumjobe-

sebis, ise gadamxdelTa qcevis Secvlisaken sagadasaxado kultu-

ris amaRlebis mizniT. ganviTarebuli Tu ganviTarebadi qveynebi

warmatebiT iyeneben sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevebTan mimarTe-

baSi sxvadasxva prevenciul midgomebs, rac dadebiTad moqmedebs

sagadasaxado administrirebis sistemis funqcionirebis erT-erT

umTavres mizanze _ ekonomikuri zrdis uzrunvelyofaze.

saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ramdenjerme gadadga urC gadam-

xdelTa qcevis Secvlisaken mimarTuli nabijebi iseTi RonisZie-

bebis gatarebiT, rogoricaa sagadasaxado amnistia, davalianebis

Camowera, sagadasaxado SeTanxmebis institutis SemoReba, gada-

saxadebis deklarirebis SemTxvevaSi sanqciisagan gaTavisufleba

da a.S. Tumca, mocemul SemTxvevaSi gvinda yuradReba SevaCeroT

Semosavlebis samsaxuris mier 2015 _ 2016 wlebis sagadasaxado

periodisaTvis SemuSavebul strategiaze.

Cvens qveyanaSi Semosavlebis samsaxuris mimarT gadamxdelTa

ndobis amaRlebis, sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrdis da gasata-

rebeli sagadasaxado kontrolis RonisZiebebis Semcirebis miz-

niT, Semosavlebis samsaxuris ufrosis 2015 wlis 11 Tebervlis

#3520 brZanebiT damtkicda ,,sagadasaxado valdebulebebis neba-

yoflobiTi Sesrulebis strategia“, romlis farglebSic gamoica

eleqtronuli saxelmZRvanelo. igi gamoqveynebulia Semosavlebis

samsaxuris oficialur vebgverdze, amasTan, yvela gadamxdels

gaegzavna eleqtronuli deklarirebis pirad gverdze.

aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo iwyeba sagadasaxado sistemaSi

ganxorcielebuli reformebis CamonaTvaliT. yuradReba gavamaxvi-

loT ramdenime maTganze:

- ganxorcielda sagadasaxado sistemis centralizeba – aR-

niSnuli reformis farglebSi gauqmda Semosavlebis samsaxuris


38

regionuli centrebi, romlebic SedarebiT farTo uflebebiT

iyvnen aRWurvilni mimdinare kontrolis RonisZiebebisa da

sagadasaxado auditis Catarebis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli procedure-

bis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebi centraluri ofisidan iRebdnen

davalebebsa da miTiTebebs. gadamxdelTa momsaxurebis centris

TanamSromlebi faqtobrivad warmoadgenen operatorebs, romle-

bic mxolod aregistrireben gadamxdelTa ganacxadebebs da pa-

suxs ar ageben Sesabamisi dokumentebis momzadebaze. adgilobriv

doneze ar xdeba analitikuri samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba saga-

dasaxado administrirebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. eleqtronuli

momsaxurebis garkveuli saxeebi daeqvemdebara avtomatur reJimSi

pasuxis momzadebas kompiuteruli programis meSveobiT.

magaliTisTvis SeiZleba ganvixiloT davalianebis Sesaxeb cnobis

gacema. dRevandeli wesis Tanaxmad misi momzadeba xdeba gadamx-

delis piradi aRricxvis baraTze gacemis TariRisaTvis arsebuli

mdgomareobis mixedviT da ar mowmdeba, gadamxdels warmodge-

nili aqvs Tu ara kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliwinebuli sagadasaxado

deklaraciebi da angariSebi. Sesabamisad, SesaZloa, gadamxdels

gadaxdili aqvs gadasaxadebis garkveuli odenoba, magram ar aqvs

warmodgenili Sesabamisi periodis deklaracia, ris gamoc ba-

raTze ericxeba zedmetad gadaxdili gadasaxadis Tanxebi. am

SemTxvevaSi cnobaSi miTiTebuli Canaweri „davalianeba ar eric-

xeba“ ar asaxavs realur mdgomareobas sagadasaxado valdebu-

lebaTa jerovnad Sesrulebis kuTxiT;

- SesaZlebelia problemur sakiTxze winaswari gadawyvetile-

bis miReba - aRniSnuli momsaxureba sakmaod ZviradRirebulia da

misi sargeblobis fufuneba mxolod maRalSemosavlian gadamxde-

lebs aqvT. amasTan, faqtobrivad gadamxdeli safasurs ixdis

saqmianobis normatiuli regulirebisaTvis, rac, wesiT, saerTo

saxelmwifoebrivi sikeTis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyos, rasac

mosaxleoba usasyidlod iRebs;

- gadamxdelebs miecaT sagadasaxado SeTanxmebis gaformebis

SesaZlebloba - Tumca ar arsebobs erTiani kriteriumebi da misi

ganxorcieleba calsaxad saxelmwifozea damokidebuli;

- amuSavda Semosavlebis samsaxuris satelefono centri

(qolcentri) - sadac kompetenturi pasuxis miReba ama Tu im

sagadasaxado sakiTxebze sakmaod rTulia, vinaidan operatorebi

ar arian aRWurvilni saTanado unarebiTa da codniT, ris gamoc,

xSir SemTxvevaSi, gacemuli pasuxebiT SesaZloa gadamxdelebi

SecdomaSi Seiyvanon;


39

- gadamxdelebs SeuZliaT aiyvanon piradi sagadasaxado

agenti - aRniSnuli momsaxurebac fasiania da yvelasTvis ar aris

xelmisawvdomi;

- Seiqmna sagadasaxado ombudsmenis instituti – romelic,

saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi 2015 wlis 4 ivniss Setanili

cvlilebis Tanaxmad, gauqmda da mis nacvlad Seiqmna saqarTve-

los biznesombudsmenis instituti „saqarTvelos biznesombud-

smenis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis safuZvelze. Tumca, mxolod

saxelwodebis Secvlas mniSvneloba ar aqvs da yuradReba misi

saqmianobis efeqturobaze unda gamaxvildes;

- keTilsindisieri gadamxdelebisaTvis amoqmedda GOOD

FAITH principi - gafrTxileba jarimis nacvlad - aRsaniSnavia,

rom gafrTxilebis gamoyenebas sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba

mxolod sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevis garkveul saxeobebze

miiCnevs SesaZleblad da ara savaldebulod. Sesabamisad, misi

gamoyeneba calsaxad mimdinare sagadasaxado kontrolis ganma-

xorcielebel pirebzea damokidebuli.

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom sagadasaxado sistemaSi

ganxorcielebul reformebs Soris yvelaze warmatebuli saga-

dasaxado deklaraciebisa da pirveladi sagadasaxado dokumen-

tebis, sagadasaxado saCivrebis eleqtronulad wardgenis SesaZ-

leblobis danergvaa, ramac mniSvnelovnad dazoga gadamxdelTa

rogorc droiTi, ise finansuri resursebi. gansakuTrebiT efeq-

turi sasaqonlo zednadebebis da sagadasaxado angariSfaqtu-

rebis eleqtonulad gamoweris saSualebaa, rac elementaruli

Secdomebisagan icavs rogorc mimwodebels, ise myidvels.


strategiis ZiriTadi mizani, sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrdasTan

erTad, gadamxdelTa qcevis Seswavla, Sefaseba da Sesabamisi

reagirebaa, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes gadasaxadebis nebayoflo-

biTi gadaxda. gamoyofilia gadamxdelTa qcevaze moqmedi Semdegi

garemoebebi: saqmianobis sfero, biznesgaremo, ekonomikuri, socia-

luri, fsiqologiuri faqtorebi. aRniSnuli faqtorebis gaTva-

liswinebiT gansazRvrulia gadamxdelTa qcevis oTxi kategoria

da TiToeulTan mimarTebaSi Semosavlebis samsaxuris Sesabamisi

strategia:

01 - survili aqvT keTilsindisierad gadaixadon gadasaxa-

debi - gavumartivebT pirobebs;

02 - cdiloben gadaixadon, magram yovelTvis ver axerxeben -

davexmarebiT gadaixadon gadasaxadebi;


40

03 - ara aqvT survili, gadaixadon gadasaxadebi – gamovaaSka-

ravebT da vaiZulebT gadaxdas;

04 - mizanmimarTulad ar ixdian gadasaxadebs - gamoviyenebT

kanonis srul simkacres.

gamoyofilia sami ZiriTadi mizezi, ris gamoc gadamxdelebi

arajerovnad asruleben sagadasaxado valdebulebebs:

1. arasakmarisi codna - Semosavlebis samsaxuris midgomaa

informaciis miwodeba saxelmZRvaneloebis, bukletebis, mokle

teqsturi Setyobinebebis, forumebis saxiT;

2. arasakmarisi SesaZleblobebi - Semosavlebis samsaxuris

SeTavazebaa problematuri sakiTxebis swrafi da efeqturi gadaw-

yveta martivi komunikaciis iseTi saSualebebiT, rogoricaa ser-

viscentrebi, qol-centri, piradi sagadasaxado mrCeveli, ubnis

oficrebi;

3. arasakmarisi survili - Semosavlebis samsaxuris strate-

giaa gadamxdelTa dadebiTi ganwyobis Seqmna da saxelmwifos

mimarT ndobis amaRleba iseTi RonisZiebebiT, rogoricaa media-

saSualebebiT sainformacio-sareklamo rgolebis ganTavseba,

eqspertebis monawileobiT satelevizio ToqSouebis mowyoba

problematur sakiTxebze, Semosavlebis samsaxurSi mimdinare

procesebze da samomavlo gegmebze informaciis gamoqveyneba.

aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba dadebiTad unda

aisaxos qveyanaSi gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa sagadasaxado kultu-

ris donis amaRlebaze, Tumca, sasurvelia, gansazRvrul stra-

tegiebs meti konkretuloba axasiaTebdes da gadamxdelma zustad

gaigos ras sTavazobs mas sagadasaxado administrirebis sistema.

mocemul strategiaSi Semosavlebis samsaxuris mier gamoyo-

filia miznobrivi jgufebi, romlebsac miakuTvneben sagadasaxado

riskis Semcvel sferoebs. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:

- samSeneblo saqmianoba - rogorc makontrolebeli organo

acxadebs, am sferoSi bevria gadasaxadebis damalvis faqtebi, ris

gamoc strategiis mizania sagadasaxado aRricxvis mowesrigeba;

- avtonawilebiT vaWroba - aRniSnuli sfero Seicavs aRuric-

xavi saqonliT vaWrobis riskebs;

- bunebrivi resursebiT mosargeble pirebi - Sesabamisi li-

cenziis aRebis Semdeg isini, sakmaod xSirad sagadasaxado

aRricxvis gareSe awarmoeben saqmianobas, srulad ar aRricxaven

mopovebul resursebs da ar ixdian miwis gadasaxads;


41

- sarestorno momsaxureba - sazogadoebrivi kvebis obieqteb-

Si, romelTa raodenoba arc ise mcirea, ar xdeba danaxarjebis

swori kalkulacia da miRebuli Semosavlebis srulad aRricxva;

- soflis meurneobis produqtebis importiorebi - am SemT-

xvevaSi umTavresi problema sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulo-

bebis aRricxva da gamosayeneblad uvargisi produqtis sagadasa-

xado kanonmdeblobis dacviT Camoweraa;

- fizikuri pirebi - aRniSnul kategoriaSi Sedis qonebis

gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi, meijareebi, ipoTekarebi, maRali Semo-

savlebis mqoneni. Semosavlebis samsaxuri mocemul SemTxvevaSi

umTavres problemas xedavs fizikur pirTa arainformirebulo-

basa da aRniSnuli seqtoris administrirebis sirTuleSi.

Cveni azriT, mocemuli seqtorebi marTlac Seicavs maRal

sagadasaxado riskebs, potenciuri gadasaxadebis Tanxa ki, romel-

Ta mobilizeba aRniSnuli sferoebidan aris SesaZlebeli, mniSv-

nelovnad gazrdis sagadasaxado Semosavlebs. Semosavlebis

samsaxuri am SemTxvevebSi administrirebis gaumjobesebas iseTi

berketebiT apirebs, rogoricaa riskebze dafuZnebuli auditi da

mimdinare kontrolis procedurebi, winaswari gadawyvetilebis

servisi, centralizebuli sagadasaxado sistema, kadrebis sis-

tematuri gadamzadeba.

aRniSnuli strategiis rols sagadasaxado administrirebis

gaumjobesebasa da misi efeqturobis amaRlebaSi momavali gviC-

venebs, Tumca, vcadeT, mosalodneli Sedegebis prognozirebis

mizniT, Semosavlebis samsaxuridan maTTvis xelmisawvdomi konk-

retuli TariRisaTvis migveRo informacia, ramdenma gadamxdelma

isargebla sagadasaxado valdebulebaTa nebayoflobiT Sesru-

lebis gziT da ra Tanxa Seadgina deklarirebulma gadasaxadma,

risTvisac werilobiT mivmarTeT adresats. 2015 wlis 17 ivniss

Semosavlebis samsaxuris momsaxurebis departamentis mier

mowodebuli werilobiTi informaciis Tanaxmad, strategiis avto-

ri uwyeba moklebulia SesaZleblobas, mogvawodos informacia

misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb, radgan jer ar aris dasrulebuli yvela

etapi. strategiis gamoqveynebidan ukve gasulia ramdenime Tve,

amdenad, Cveni azriT, saxelmwifo ukve unda iRebs Sesabamis

Sedegebs proeqtis warmatebulobis SemTxvevaSi. Tumca, ufro

grZelvadiani periodi winaa da, vimedovnebT, mizani garkveul-

wilad mainc iqneba miRweuli...

Cveni azriT, sagadasaxado valdebulebaTa nebayoflobiT

Sesrulebis strategiis efeqturad ganxorcielebis mizniT auci-


42

lebelia rogorc gadamxdelTa informireba, xelSewyoba, proce-

durebis gamartiveba, mastimulirebeli berketebis gamoyeneba, ise

kontrolis RonisZiebebis gafarToeba da sagadasaxado valdebu-

lebaTa Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa. saqarTveloSi arsebuli

dabali sagadasaxado kulturis pirobebSi risk-jgufebis mimarT

mxolod SeTavazebebis gamoyeneba Tanazomadi iZulebiTi berke-

tebis gareSe, vfiqrobT, Sedegis momtani ar iqneba. amdenad, auci-

lebelia sagadasaxado organos xelT arsebuli informaciis swo-

rad da mizanmimarTulad gamoyeneba, ris Sedegadac Sesabamisi

sferoebi rTulad administrirebadi aRar iqneba.


1. saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, ssm, 54, 12/10/2010;

2. „sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi Sesrulebis

strategia 2015-2016“, ganTavsebulia 11 Tebervlidan, 2015. //

el. mis.: http://rs.ge/ Default.aspx?sec_id=4845&lang=1&newsid=3315;

3. Semosavlebis samsaxuris werili #21-11/62364, 17.06.2015

ekaterine SainiZe baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo

universitetis doqtoranti


strategia da mosalodneli Sedegebi

anotacia

sagadasaxado administrirebis ganmaxorcielebeli organo

xSirad mimarTavs sxvadasxva prevenciul RonisZiebebs, romelTa

mizania sagadasaxado valdebulebebis jerovnad Sesrulebis

uzrunvelyofa. mocemul statiaSi Cvens mier ganxilulia

Semosavlebis samsaxuris mier 2015 wels SemuSavebuli stategia,

gaanalizebuli da Sefasebulia masSi asaxuli midgomebi. amas-

Tan, SevecadeT mogvexdina mosalodneli Sedegebis prognozireba.


43

Ekaterine Shainidze Batumi Shota Rustaveli University

A Doctorate Student THE STRATEGY OF FULFILLING TAX-PAYING DUTIES AND IT S

PREDICTABLE RESULTS Annotation

Taxes Administration Authority often conducts preventive measures in order to fulfill Tax-paying duties in time. This article discusses the strategy of Taxes Administration Authority which was worked out in 2015. The article also discusses and analyzes the approaches of this strategy. In addition, we tried to predict the results.

Шаинидзе Екатерина докторант Батумского государственного

университета Шота Руставели

СТРАТЕГИЯ ДОБРОВОЛЬНОГО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ НАЛОГОВЫХ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВ И ОЖИДАЕМЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

Аннотация Органы, осуществляющие налоговое администрирование, часто прибе-

гают к разного рода превентивным мерам, с целью обеспечения полного выполнения налоговых обязательств. В статье рассматривается стратегия, выработанная налоговой службой в 2015 году, дается анализ и оценка представ-ленных подходов. Вместе с этим по возможности дан прогноз ожидаемых результатов.


44

Tamar maRalaSvili

biznesadministrirebis doqtoranti,

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis kriteriumebi

momxmareblebze orientirebuli organizaciis mizania kmayo-

fili momxmareblebis mravalricxovani bazis Seqmna. gamZafre-

buli konkurenciis pirobebSi amgvari kompaniebi cdiloben, ga-

zardon momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis done xangrZlivi urTier-

Tobis damyarebis mizniT. loialuri myidvelebi axorcieleben

ganmeorebiT Sesyidvebs da rekomendacias uweven potenciur mom-

xmareblebs.

mniSvnelovania, kompaniebma zustad gaarkvion, Tu ras

elian, anu ra moTxovnebi aqvT da ra kriteriumebiT afaseben

momxmareblebi momsaxurebis xarisxs. amis Semdeg ki ecadon, gaa-

marTlon momxmarebelTa molodinebi, raTa miRebuli momsaxu-

rebis faseuloba gauTanabrdes an gadaaWarbos molodinebs.

momsaxureba mravalganzomilebiani koncefciaa da sxvadasxva

adamianisTvis is sxvadasxva Rirebulebis momtania. aseve, misi

aRqma yvela adamianis mier gansxvavebulia [1]. imisaTvis, rom kom-

paniebma efeqturad marTon momsaxurebis xarisxi, mniSvnelovania

imis codna, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben momxmareblebi maT

mier miwodebul momsaxurebis xarisxs. momxmarebelTa molodinebis formireba momsaxurebis

mimarT xdeba kompaniis mier kontrolirebadi (fasi, reklama,

gayidvebi da sxv.) da arakontolirebadi (pirovnuli moTxovni-

lebebi, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) - momxmarebelTa mier produqtebisa da

momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb xmis gavrceleba, konkurentebis SeTava-

zebebi, makroekonomikuri faqtorebi da sxv.) faqtorebis mixedviT.

momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebisas mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor

aRiqvams momxmarebeli momsaxurebis xarisxs. aRqmuli momsaxu-

reba aris momsaxurebis Sedegad miRebuli gamocdilebis subieq-

turi Sefaseba. aRqma yovelTvis ganixileba molodinebTan Seda-

rebiT, anu xdeba maTi Sedareba molodinebTan. vinaidan molo-

dinebs axasiaTebs dinamikuri xasiaTi, Sefasebac gansxvavebulia

sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva adamianebisa da gansxvavebuli kul-

turis mixedviT. aRqmuli faseuloba aris momxmareblisken mimar-

Tuli koncefcia. momsaxurebis aRqmuli xarisxis marTva niSnavs


45

kompaniis mxridan momxmareblebis mosalodneli da aRqmuli

momsaxurebis Tanxvedris uzrunvelyofas. swored am SemTxvevaSi

miiRweva momxmarebelTa kmayofileba.

momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis kriteriumebis gamokveTasa

da Sefasebis instrumentebis Seqmnaze mravali specialisti

muSaobda da muSaobs. maTgan gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania

parasuramanisa da misi kolegebis naSromebi (1988). maT, biznesis

oTx seqtorze dayrdnobiT, gansazRvres momsaxurebis xarisxis

aTi maxasiaTebeli: materialuroba, sandooba, reagirebis unari,

kompetenturoba, Tavazianoba, saimedooba, usafrTxoeba, xelmi-

sawvdomoba, komunikacia da momxmarebelTa moTxovnebis gageba.

Semdgom Seqmnes momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis instrumenti

SERVQUAL. aRniSnuli instrumentis ganviTarebis procesSi maT

mizanSewonilad CaTvales zemo aRniSnuli aTi maxasiaTeblis

xuT ZiriTad maxasiaTebelSi gaerTianeba. esenia: materialuroba

(garemos, samuSao aRWurvilobis, personalis, sakomunikacio masa-

lis da sxv. vizualuri mxare), sandooba (kompaniis mier momxma-

reblebisTvis dapirebuli momsaxurebis saTanadod Sesruleba),

reagirebis unari (momxmareblis daxmarebis survli da swrafi

momsaxureba), damajerebloba (TanamSromelTa profesionalizmi,

Tavazianoba da momxmareblis ndobis mopoveba), TanagrZnoba (mom-

xmarebelze zrunva da individualuri mopyroba). es kvleva SeiZ-

leba CaiTvalos momsaxurebis xarisxis kvlevis bazisad, razec

Semdgom mravalma mkvlevarma da mecnierma aago momsaxurebis

Sefasebis sxvadasxva modelebi [2].

imis argumentirebiT, rom SERVQUAL kvlevis instrumenti

zomavs mxolod momsaxurebis miwodebis process da ara momxma-

reblis momsaxurebasTan Sexebis Sedegs [3], gronrum (1984) momsa-

xurebis xarisxis Sefasebis sakuTar modelSi gansazRvra momsa-

xurebis xarisxis sami ganzomileba: teqnikuri xarisxi (momxma-

reblis mier kompaniasTan Sexebis Sedegad miRebuli momsaxurebis

xarisxi), funqcionaluri xarisxi (momsaxurebis gawevis procesi)

da imiji (miiRweva teqnikuri da funqcionaluri xarisxiT da sxva

damatebiTi faqtorebiT, rogorebicaa tradiciebi, organizaciis

kultura, ideologia, WOM (Word-of-Mouth), fasdadeba, sazogadoe-basTan urTierToba da sxv.). momxmareblebi momsaxurebis miRe-

bisas aRiqvamen imas, Tu ra saxis momsaxureba iqna maTTvis gaweu-

li da afaseben mas, rogorc procesis Sedegs. zogierTi tipis

momsaxurebis Sefasebisas, momsaxurebis teqnikuri ganzomilebis


46

Sefaseba rTulia. mag., samedicino momsaxurebis miRebisas samedi-

cino personalis kompetenturobisa da mkurnalobis efeqturobis

myisieri gansazRvra-Sefaseba pacientisaTvis SeuZlebelia. amitom,

aseT SemTxvevaSi xdeba momsaxurebis xarisxis funqcionaluri

ganzomilebis Sefaseba, kerZod, iseTi atributebisa, rogorebicaa

sandooba da empaTia. rac Seexeba imijs, servisis xarisxis aRq-

maSi is funqcionirebs, rogorc garkveuli filtri. kerZod, Tu

momxmareblebs ganmeorebiTi kontaqti aqvT momsaxurebis provai-

derebTan, maTze did gavlnas axdens warsuli gamocdileba. Tu

kompanias aqvs dadebiTi imiji momxmarebelTa gonebaSi, momxmare-

belTa mxridan umniSvnelo Secdomebis patiebis albaToba didia.

xolo, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Secdomebi xSirad meordeba, kompaniis

imiji Seilaxeba. Sedegad yalibdeba uaryofiTi imiji, rac iwvevs

Secdomebis gadametebulad, gazviadebulad Sefasebas momxmare-

belTa gonebaSi [4].

letinen da letinenis (1982) Tanaxmad, momsaxurebis xaris-

xis aRqma xdeba fizikuri maCveneblebis xarisxis, urTierTobis

xarisxisa da imijis saSualebiT. fizikuri maCveneblebis xarisxi

dakavSirebulia momsaxurebis "xelSesaxeb", mყar maxasiaTebleb-

Tan. interaqciis xarisxi aRniSnavs momsaxure personalsa da

momxmarebels Soris ganxorcielebul komunikaciaze, korporaci-

uli xarisxi ki, servisprovaideris imijis maCvenebelia. aqve xaz-

gasasmelia rom, Tu „korporaciul xarisxs~ SevadarebT danarCen

ors, aRmoCndeba, rom is ufro „myari~ da ucvlelia droTa

ganmavlobaSi[3].

haivud-farmeris (1988) mosazrebiT, kompania momxmarebels

maSin sTavazobs maRalxarisxian momsaxurebas, Tu miwodebuli

momsaxureba Seesabameba momxmareblis molodinebsa da preferen-

ciebs. amisaTvis saWiroa momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis atri-

butebis gancalkeveba da dajgufeba. mkvlevarma Seqmna samganzomi-

lebiani sqema. aRniSnuli modelis mixedviT, momsaxureba xasiaT-

deba sami atributis mixedviT: kontaqtisa da interaqciis done

(maRali-dabali), Sromis intensivoba (maRali-dabali) da momsaxu-

rebis klientze morgebis done (maRali-dabali). efeqtur kompa-

niebSi kavSiri arsebobs aRniSnul ganzomilebebsa da momxmarebe-

lTa molodinebi-aRqmas Soris. mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul

atributebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba da mniSvnelobis miniWeba

kompaniis mxridan moxdes interaqciisa da momxmarebelTa moT-

xovnebze morgebis TvalsazrisiT. swored am SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs


47

organizacia, uzrunvelyos maRali xarisxis momsaxurebis mi-

wodeba da momxarebelTa kmayofilebis maRali donis miRweva [5].

amrigad, kompaniebi, romlebic orientirebulni arian maRal-

xarisxian momsaxurebasa da momxmarebelTa maRali kmayofilebis

donis miRwevaze, mudmivad unda ikvlion, Tu ra kriteriumebiT

afaseben momxmarebelebi maT momsaxurebas. agreTve, analizi

gaakeTon, Tu ra kavSiria momxmarebelTa molodinebsa da

miRebuli momsaxurebis aRqmul Rirebulebas Soris.


1. 1. Attributes of Service Quality: The Consumers' Perspective. Tigineh Mersha and Veena Adlakha. 3, s.l. : International Journal of Service, 1992, Vol. 3, pp. 34-45. 0956-4233.

2. 2. Christopher Lovelock, Jochen Wirtz. Services Marketing- People, Technology, Strategy. 6th Edition. s.l. : Prentice Hall, 2005. p. 12. B0041W0OD6.

3. Service Quality Dimensions: an examination of Gronroos's Service Quality Model. Gi-Du Kang and Jeffrey James. 4, s.l. : Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2004, Vol. 14, pp. 266-277. 0960-4529.

4. Lovelock Christopher, Jochen Wirtz. Services Marketing - People, Technology, Strategy. 5th Edition. s.l. : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 0-13-126846-5.

5. A model for assessing consumer perceptions of quality. George Kenyon , Kabir Sen. 2, s.l. : Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012, Internatinal Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, Vol. 4, pp. 175-188.

Tamar maRalaSvili biznesadministrirebis doqtoranti,

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis kriteriumebi

anotacia

momxmarebelTa mier momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis krite-

riumebis kvleva mniSvnelovania xarisxiani momsaxurebis miwo-

debaze orientirebuli kompaniebisaTvis.

momxmareblebs gaaCniaT momsaxurebis xarixis Sefasebis kon-

kretuli kriteriumebi, romlebic ayalibeben molodinebs. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu organizaciebi gamoikvleven Tu ra molodinebi


48

aqvT arsebul Tu potenciur momxmareblebs maTi kompaniebis

mimarT, isini ufro martivad SeZleben gaamarTlon momxmare-

belTa imedebi. Tu molodinebi da momsaxurebis SeZenis Sedegad

miRebuli aRqmuli faseuloba erTmaneTis tolia, momxmareblebi

darCebian kmayofilebi, xolo aRqmuli Rirebulebis gadaWarbebis

SemTxvevaSi - aRfrTovanebulebi. sapirispiro Sedegs iRebs kom-

pania, Tu molodinebi ufro maRalia vidre miRebuli faseuloba.

aqedan gamomdinare, momxmarebelze orientirebulma kompa-

niebma mudmivad unda ikvlion, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben

momxmareblebi miRebuli momsaxurebis xarisxs.

Tamar Magalashvili Doctoral Candidate of Business Administration,

Georgian Technical University SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS

Annotation It is very important for customer oriented companies to research the criteria

customers use to evaluate service quality. Customers have service quality evaluation attributes that form expectations

toward the demanded service. If companies constantly research these criteria, it will be easier for them to propose proper service quality to customers. If expectations and received service value will be equal, customers remain satisfied. In reverse, if

companies do not know by what attributes is evaluation made, it will be hard for them

to design the right service quality and customers' satisfaction level will become low.

Магалашвили Тамар Докторант Бизнес Администрирования, Грузинский Технический Университет

КРИТЕРИИ КАЧЕСТВО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ Аннотация

Это очень важно для на сервис ориентированных компаний исследовать критерии по которыми клиенты оценивают качеству обслуживания.

Клиенты имеют критерии оценки качества обслуживания, которые формируют ожидания требуемого обслуживания. Если компании постоянно исследуют эти критерии, для них будет проще редложить надлежащее качество услуг для клиентов. Если ожидания и полученное значение обслуживания будут равны, клиенты остаются довольны. В обратном случае, если компании не знают, по какими признаками производится оценка, будет трудно для них, чтобы проектировать правильную качества обслуживания и уровень удовлетворенности клиентов станет низким.


49

irma guraSvili saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvewodebulis

sax. qarTuli universitetis doqtoranti

marketinguli strategia wigniT vaWrobaSi

marketingi aris fundamenturi sawyisi biznesis marTvis

dros. marketingis mizani firmis konkurentuli Tvisebebis gamov-

lena da maTi gaZliereba, aqtiuri zegavlenis moxdena miwodebisa

da moTxovnis SerCeul segmentze (~niSa bazarze~). sabazro

kvlevis Sedegad sawarmo SeimuSavebs strategias, romelic moce-

mul periodSi uzrunvelyofs dasaxuli miznebis efeqtian miR-

wevas. sawarmos marTvis dros marketingis saSualebebis efeq-

tianad gamoyenebisaTvis saWiroa Semdegi procesebis warmarTva:

- ganviTarebis marketinguli strategiis SemuSaveba;

- bazris kvleva da momxmarebelTa qcevis Seswavla, garkveva

imisa Tu ra faqtori axdens gavlenas momxmareblis arCevanze:

fasi, Semosavali, samomxmareblo Tvisebebi, warmoebis xarjebi,

asortimentis didi arCevani Tu konkurentebis mudmivi monito-

ringi;

- ekonomikuri da finansuri maCveneblebis analizi

sagamomcemlo saqmeSi;

- produqciis asortimentis gansazRvra;

- safaso politikis SemuSaveba;

- momxmarebelTa rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, maqsimalurad

daakmayofilos moTxovna;

- momxmareblis moTxovnis dakmayofilebis SerCeva;

- merCendaizingi;

- sareklamo da sxva saSualebebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba

wigniT vaWrobaSi;

marketinguli saSualebebiT problemis gadaWris xerxebs

warmoadgens marketinguli kvleva, gamokiTxva, ekonomikuri da

finansuri analizi, marketinguli dagegmva,statistikuri maCveneb-

lebis Seswavla da reitingebis gansazRvra, romlebic mudmivad

Suqdeba mediasa da presaSi. marketingis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amo-

cana samewarmeo saqmianobaSi momxmareblis moTxovnisa da qcevis

Seswavlaa. did gamomcemlobebsa da wignis maRaziebSi iqmneba

specialurad marketinguli ganyofilebebi, romlTa rekomenda-

ciis gareSe menejmenti ar iRebs gadawyvetilebebs saqonlis mo-

culobis zrdaze an klebaze, asortimentis mravalferovnebaze,

Sesyidvebis moculobaze, sacalo da sabiTumo fasebze.


50

mniSvnelovania Semdegi prioritetebis, marketinguli Tavi-

seburebebis gaTvaliswineba, rac ZiriTadad wigniT vaWrobisTvis

aris damaxasiaTebeli:

- TiToeuli wigni inteleqtualuri saqmianobis produqtia,

romlis Sinaarsic aris unikaluri, es aris codna, romelic

gankuTvnilia realobis Sesacvlelad (produqtis, romelic ara-

pirdapir ukavSirdeba adamianis materialur keTildReobas);

- yidvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas momxmarebeli

winaswararkvevs wignis Tematikas, Sinaarss da missaWiroebas

(Sefasebis procesis gardauvaloba da SeZena emTxveva moxmarebis

process);

wigns aqvs mizani da gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wri-

saTvis, es gamowveulia ara mxolod TemiT da SinaarsiT, aramed

dizainiT, moculobiT, tiraJiT, sabiTumo da sacalo realizaci-

is fasiT, romelic mTavaria wignis TviTRirebulebis gansaz-

RvrisTvis. devizi „yvela wigni ipovis myidvels!~ zustad asaxavs

marketingis am Tvisebas;

konkretuli dasaxelebis wigns momxmarebeli mxolod erT-

xel yidulobs (anu wigni erTjeradi SeZenis saqonelia).

wignebis bazris marketingisaTvis sasicocxlo cikli Zali-

an miSvnelovania, sasicocxlo cikli _ es aris periodi, rode-

sac wigni gayidvadia bazarze. sasicocxlo ciklis klasikuri

mrudi Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs Semdeg fazebs (sqema 1): „bazarze

SeRweva“, sadac mizani bazarze SeRwevaa; „zrda~ - produqtis

aRiarebisa da gafarToebuli gayidvebis faza; „gajereba~ - moT-

xovnilebis nel-nela dakmayofilebis faza; „Semcireba“ - gayid-

vebisa da mogebis Semcirebis etapi.

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

ბაზარზე შეღწევა ზრდა გაჯერება ვარდნა

sqema 1. wignis sasicocxlo ciklis mrudi

praqtikam aCvena, rom wignis bazarze arsebobs sasicocxlo

ciklis modificirebuli modelic (sqema 2).


51

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

ბაზარზე შეღწევა ზრდა გაჯერება ვარდნა

sqema 2. wignis sasicocxlo ciklis modificirebuli modeli.

wignebis bazris yvela segmenti Seesabameba sxvadasxva Janrs,

sxvadasxva mizans, sxvadasxva Tematikas, maT sxvadasxva sasicocxlo

cikli aqvT. magaliTad, yvelaze grZeli sasicocxlo cikli

ZviradRirebul albomebsa da xelovnebaze Seqmnil wignebs aqvs. aris

„sezonuri“ wignebi, esenia saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic umTavre-

sad iyideba mxolod „sezonze“ saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi. aRsa-

niSnavia „nostalgiuri“ wignebi, romelTa ganmeorebiTi gamocema

kargad iyideba. momxmarebelTa „daintereseba“, esenia mravalto-

meulebi, romelTa sasicocxlo ciklic SedarebiT didia. mniSvne-

lovania iseTi gamocemebi, romlebic mieZRvna raime konkretul

TariRs an movlenas. zogierT gamocemaze SeiZleba iyos didi

moTxovna da Zalian maRali gayidvebi, xolo zogierT gamocemebze,

dabali gayidvebi anu Cavardna. zustad gansazRvro wignis sasi-

cocxlo ciklis mrudi - es gamomcemelis warmatebis sawindaria.

sagamomcemlo biznesis marketingSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

sasaqonlo ciklis gansazRvras da wignebis tiraJs. maRazia, ro-

melic ganaxorcielebs ama Tu im wignis garkveuli tiraJiT SeZenas,

misi sasicocxlo ciklis mrudi gansxvavebuli iqneba, radgan wignis

maRaziaSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva wignebis sruli asortimenti,

amasTanave xdeba asortimentis ganmeorebiTi Sevsebac. axali

gamocemebis standartuli sasicocxlo ciklis mruds, magaliTad

Tbilisis gareubnis maRaziebSi,gansxvavebuli saxe aqvs (sqema 3), imis

gamo, rom gayidvebis piki da bazris gajereba erTmaneTTan SedarebiT

axlosaa, rac gamowveulia „lokaluri“ moTxovniT da romelic

Semoifargleba momxmarebelTa SezRuduli raodenobiT, rasac


52

konkretuli raionismosaxleobis raodenoba gansazRvravs. raionis

mosaxleobis raodenobis cvlilebasTan erTad SeiZleba Sicvalos

wignis sasicocxli ciklis mrudi, magaliTad centralur raionebSi,

sadac bevri ofisia da sadac bevri turistia an savaWro centrebi

mravlad gvxvdeba, wignis sasicocxlo mrudi uaxlovdeba zemoT

warmodgenil (sqema 1)standartul mruds.

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

0 1 2 3 4 5

ახალად გამოსული

წიგნის სასიცოცხლო

ციკლი, ქალაქის

გარეუბანში

sqema 3. axali wignebis sasicocxlo cikli qalaqis gareubnis

maRaziebSi

marketinguli dagegmvis dros efeqtianad iTvleba wignebis

raodenobis analizi da Sefaseba, sadac warmodgenilia moTxovnisa

da miwodebis Tanafardoba raime erTi saxeobis produqtze (mag.,

saxelmZRvaneloebi, deteqtivebi da sxva). wignebis aseTi klasifi-

kacia bazris erTi romelime segmentis gamokvlevis saSualebas

iZleva. magaliTad, Tu gaizarda moTxovna deteqtivebze da bazari

gajerebuli ar aris, sagamomcemlo fasi deteqtivebze gaizrdeba.

grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi deteqtivebze moTxovnis gazrda ki

gamoiwvevs deteqtiuri Janris produqciis moculobis momatebas

(tiraJisa da dasaxelebebis raodenobis momatebis xarjze),

Semcirdeba sacalo fasebic bazris gajerebis gamo.

wignze moTxovnis arsebobis erT-erTi maCvenebelia fasis

elastikuroba. rogorc wesi, wigni ekuTvnis naklebad elastikuri

produqciis jgufs, zogierTi Janris wignis elastikuroba ki

TiTqmis nuls utoldeba, aseTia, magaliTad, saganmanaTleblo da

biznesliteratura. elastikuroba maRalia magaliTad gasarTob da

beletristikul literaturaze, maRali elastikurobiT xasiaTdeba

mxatvruli literatura da cnobarebi (cxr. 1).


53

cxrili 1

wignebze moTxovnis elastikuroba

jgufis dasaxeleba

socialuri

daniSnulebis

mixedviT

jgufis asortimenti

moTxovnis elastikuroba

prestiJuli

gamocemebi

maRali xasrisxis gamocemebi:

gamocemebi xelovnebaze,

albomebi, sasaCuqre gamocemebi,

sakoleqcio, miniaturuli da

antikvaruli gamocemebi

elastikuroba izrdeba

fasis zrdis dros

profesiuli

gamocemebi

monografiebi, cnobarebi,

sawarmos marTvis praqtikuli

xelmZRvaneloebi, wignebi

mecnierebaze, teqnikasa da

kulturaze

dabalelastikuria, ar

aris fasze damokidebuli

gasarTobi

gamocemebi

gamocemebi qargvaze, sportze;

istoriuli gamocemebi,

deteqtivebi, fantastika,

romanebi da sxva mxatvruli

literatura

elastikuroba dabalia

fasis zrdis dros.

iafasiani gamocemebi reprintebi, dabali xarisxis

gamocemebi, Tematika emTxveva

gasarTob gamocemebs, oRond

beWdvis xarisxi dabalia

elastikuroba dabalia

Semosavlebis zrdis dros

sezonuri gamocemebi kalendrebi, misaloci baraTebi,

aqtualuri politikuri wignebi,

gamocemebi romlebic eZRvneba

konkretul TariRebs da

movlenebs

dabalelastikuria, ar

aris damokidebuli fasze

arasezonurobis

mixedviT. sezonze fasis

elastiuroba izrdeba

saxelmZRvaneloebi saxelmZRvaneloebi

skolebisTvis, kolejebisaTvis

da institutebisaTvis, wignebis

aRzrdisaTvis da skolamdeli

asakis bavSvebisaTvis

gankuTvnili literatura,

gamocemebi pirveladi

daxmarebis aRmoCenis

Sesaswavlad

dabalelastikuria,

TiTqmis ar aris damoki-

debuli fasze

moTxovnis damokidebuleba fasze konkretul jgufSi gviC-

venebs fasis elastikurobas, magram am jgufSi fasebi meryeobs,


54

aqedan gamomdinare, Seqmnilia fasebis diapazoni, e.w. fasebis xazi,

sadac TiToeul jgufze iqneba maqsimaluri moTxovna. magaliTad,

„saxelmZRvaneloebis“ jgufis asortimentze safaso politika iqneba

iseTi, rogoric es mocemulia me-4 sqemaze. safaso politikis

gansazRvra exmareba gamomcemlobis an wignis maRaziis marketo-

logs, gansazRvros sarekomendacio fasi da gamoiangariSos

moTxovna.

0

5

10

15

20

sqema 4. saxelmZRvaneloebis „safaso~ xazi

moTxovnis elastikurobis mrudi Semosavlis mixedviT dade-

biTia, Tu Semosavlebis zrdasTan erTad izrdeba gayiduli

egzemplarebis raodenoba, magram konkretuli drois Semdeg dgeba

„gajerebis“ periodi. me-5 sqemaze „a“ mrudiT mocemulia gayidvebis

zrdis mrudi, xolo „b“ mrudiT _ „gajerebis“ etapi, sadac gayiduli

wignebis raodenoba aRar aris damokidebuli Semosavalze. gamokv-

levebi gviCvenebs, rom wignis, rogorc grZelvadiani moxmarebis

sagnis, fiqsirebul Semosavlebze gayidvebi izrdeba axali ojaxebis

Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic Tavis biblioTekas qmnian. aseve misi

zrda damokidebulia studentebisa da umaRlesdamTavrebuli spe-

cialistebis raodenobaze.

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

ა

ბ

sqema 5. gayidvebis mrudi

Semdeg sqemaze mocemuli mrudebi aRniSnavs Semosavlebisa da

gayidvebis urTierTdamokidebulebas sagamomcemlo sferoSi,


55

romelic icvleba fasisa da daniSnulebis mixedviT (sqema 6). sqema

aCevenebs, rom „gajereba“ pirvelad saxelmZRvaneloebis jgufSi

dgeba, Semdegi modis iafasiani gamocemebi, Semdegi ki - profesiuli

literatura, xolo yvelaze bolos „prestiJuli“ literaturaa.

0

5

10

15

0 2 4 6

სახელმძღვანელო

ები

გასართობი

ლიტერატურა

პროფესიული

ლიტერატურა

sqema 6. Semosavlebisa da gayidvebis urTierTdamokidebuleba

sagamomcemlo biznesSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba momxmare-

belTa kvlevas. aseT kvlevebs mizanmimarTulad awarmoeben gamom-

cemlobebisa da wignis maRaziebis marketingis samsaxurebi. isini

atareben sxvadasxva kvlevebs sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT, e.w. „ myid-

velebis portretebs~, „brendis erTguleba~, „myidvelTa loialoba~

da sxv. magaliTad, marketinguli kvleva, romelic gansazRvravs

myidvelTa asakis Tanafardobas myidvelTa saerTo raodenobaSi,

dominirebs 20-dan 29 wlamde 52% momxmarebeli, 20 wlamde axal-

gazrdebi - 27% (sqema 7), am konkretul kategoriaSi myidvelTa 45%-s

aqvs umaRlesi ganaTleba, 29%-s arasruli umaRlesi ganaTleba, isini

ZiriTadad is studentebi arian, romlebic swavloben me-4-5 kursze,

18%-s aqvs saSualo ganaTleba, 18% swavlobs umaRlesi saswavleb-

lis pirvel-meore kursze, 7% swavlobs kolejSi da 1% _ saSualo

skolis damamTavrebel klasebSi (sqema 8).

20-29 წელი

30-39 წელი

40-49 წელი

20-27 წელი

დანარჩენი

sqema 7. myidvelTa asakis procentuli maCveneblebi


56

უმაღლესი განათლება

არასრული უმაღლესი

განათლება

sqema 8. momxmarebelTa ganaTlebis done wignis bazarze

kvlevis interesebidan gamomdinare, ganisazRvra aseve Se-

mosavlis odenobac. radgan gamokiTxulTa umetesi nawili erideba

Semosavlis dasaxelebas, Catarebuli gamokvlevis Sedegad gani-

sazRvra jgufebi. myidvelTa jgufebis dayofa Semosavlebis mixed-

viT gadanawilda Semdegnairad: saSualoze maRalSemosavliani -

28%, saSualo Semosavliani fena - 69%, dabalSemosavliani fena -

3%.

dasaqmebis mixedviT wignebis sayidlad maRaziaSi mimsvlelTa

procentuli maCveneblebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda: profesio-

nalebi umaRlesi ganaTlebiT - 32%, specialistebi saSualo ganaT-

lebiT - 6%, studentebi - 49%, umaRlesi da saSualo rgolis mene-

jerebi - 5%, sakuTari kompaniebis mflobelebi - 2%, kulturis sfe-

ros warmomadgenlebi - 2%, momsaxurebis sferos warmomadgenlebi -

2%, umuSevrebi - 2%.

SekiTxvaze, ra mizeziT SemoxvediT maRaziaSi? respondentebma

sxvadasxvanairad upasuxes. aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxulTa umetesoba _

36% konkretuli wignis SesaZenad movida, 16%-ma SemTxveviT Semo-

iara,Seiara maRaziaSi, 7%-ma radgan Tavisufali dro gamouCnda,

xuTma procentma upasuxa, rom miizida asortimentma, 9% mivida Ria

baraTebis an rukebis SesaZenad, romlebic ar moiZebna sxva wignis

maRaziebSi (sqema 9).

კონკრეტული წიგნის

შესაძენად მოვიდა

ახლოს გაიარა და

შემოიარა

sqema 9. momxmarebelTa interesi wignis maRaziaSi


57

wignis bazris kvlevebma aCvena, rom saqarTveloSi wignis

maRaziaSi „ZiriTadi“ myidveli 30 wlamde specialistia umaRlesi

ganaTlebiT da saSualo SemosavliT. aseve studentebi, romlebic

mizanmimarTulad eZeben da yiduloben konkretul wignebs. rodesac

ici vin aris myidveli, ici misi fsiqologia, advilia SeimuSao

marketinguli strategia, gansazRvro safaso politika, SearCio

profesionali konsultantebi sxvadasxva JanrisTvis da sxva.

momxmarebelTa kontingentis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisad

SeiZleba Seicvalos maRaziis muSaoba momxmarebelTan, sadac

maqsimalurad iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi

da SesaZlebelia maTi motivacia da stimulireba. saqarTveloSi

saSualo statistikuri monacemebiT, moqalaqeTa samomxmareblo

kalaTaSi danaxarjebi wignze Seadgens Zalian mcire nawils (2%-ze

naklebs). amitom sagamomcemlo biznesis maxasiaTeblebisSeswavla

xdeba ZiriTadad gamomcemelTa, wignis maRaziebisa da biTumad

wigniT movaWreTa mier. sakuTari momxmareblis da misi moTxovnis

codna myari konkurentianobis garantiaa wignis biznesSi.

marketinguli kvleva sagamomcemlo saqmeSi oTx ZiriTad bloks

moicavs, esenia: wignis produqciis bazris kvleva, fasebis kvleva,

savaWro saqmiani urTierTobebis kvleva, sabiTumo bazris kvleva,

wigniT movaWreTa momaragebis kvleva (cxrili 2). unda aRiniSnos,

rom kvlevis mimarTulebebi da marketinguli komponentebis stra-

tegia gulisxmobs marketingul miqss, rac aerTianebs resursebsa da

xarjebs, aseve resursebsa da Sedegebs. marketinguli miqsi aer-

Tianebs marketinguli saqmianobis urTierTkavSiris Sedegebs da

emsaxureba sawarmos pozicionirebas bazarze. erTi mxriv resursebi

da danaxarjebi (saavtoro uflebebi, poligrafiuli momsaxureba,

qaRaldis bazari) da meore mxriv resursebi da Sedegebi (pirvel

rigSi samomxmareblo bazari). yvelaze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

swor pozicionirebas samomxmareblo bazarze. swored masTan aris

dakavSirebuli wignis biznesis sainvesticio riski. biznesmeni,

romelic Cadebs investicias sagamomcemlo saqmeSi bazris winaswari

kvlevis gareSe da ar gaaCnia sakuTari marketinguli srtategia,

ganwirulia warumateblobisaTvis.


58

cxrili 2

wignis bazris marketinguli kvlevis komponentebi

marketingi

kvlevebis marTva Sedegebis gamoyeneba

wignis produqciis bazris kvleva asortimentis politika

fasebis kvleva safaso politika

savaWro saqmiani urTierTobebis

kvleva

savaWro politika

sabiTumo bazris kvleva sabiTumo politika

sawarmos momaragebis politika gasaRebis politika

marketinguli kvlevebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, davadginoT

gamomcemlobebisa da wignis maRaziebis konkurentunarianoba,

romlebsac miekuTvneba: asortimentis mravalferovneba (univer-

saluri gamomcemloba), specializacia, cnobadoba (seriuli

gamocemebi), fasi-xarisxis Sesabamisoba (fasis Sesabamisoba miznob-

rivi jgufis gadaxdisunarianobasTan), gasaRebis arxebis mraval-

ferovneba, reklama, tiraJisa da fasis optimaluri Tanafardoba,

grZelvadiani sagamomcemlo programis arseboba (sagamomcemlo

portfeli, rogorc gamomcemlobis saqmianobis safuZveli – inte-

leqtualuri sakuTreba), gasaRebis efeqtiani arxebi, kvalificiuri

redaqtorebi da gayidvis menejerebi, bazris sworad Catarebuli

marketinguli kvleva.

gamomcemelTa kavSirebis sistema wignis maRaziebsa da biTumad

movaWreebTan gansazRvravs gadaricxvebis raodenobas, romelzec

damokidebulia firmis konkurentunarianoba. mTavar finansur risks

Tavis Tavze iRebs gamomcemeli- mewarme, amitom, warmatebis

miRwevisas, sagamomcemlo marketings gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs

wignis biznesSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom marketing-miqsis komponentebi gansxvavdeba

wminda sagamomcemlo marketingis komponentebisagan. magaliTad,

wignis maRaziis konkurentunarianobisaTvis mniSvnelovania: maRa-

ziis adgilmdebareoba, transportis arseboba, rogori tipis

raionSia (gareubania Tu qalaqis centri) maRazia, maRaziis farTi,

asortimentis mravalferovneba sxvadasxva Tematur jgufebSi,

asortimentis ganaxlebis sixSire, gasuli wlebis gamocemebis

arseboba maRaziaSi, fasebis done da fasdaklebebi, reklama,

maRaziis konsultantebis kvalifikaciis done, megobruli garemo,

damatebiTi momsaxureba, marketinguli kvlevebis aqtiuri gamoyeneba.


59

marketingis Semadgenel nawilad iTvleba marketinguli

komunikacia, romlis mniSvnelovani nawilia reklama. marketinguli

kvlevebi gulisxmobs Sida da gare garemos kvlevas. Sida garemos

kvlevis erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawilad iTvleba SWOT analizi.

arsebobs sxva meTodebic, magaliTad bostonis universitetis

kvlevis meTodebi. momxmarebelTa kvleva tardeba gamokiTxvis

meTodiT, romlis momzadeba da Catareba specialur momzadebas

moiTxovs.


1. Pedersen M.P. Crooked Printers, Inflation Bedevil/Publishers Weekly. - 1994.

2. Bertelcmann tout granit /Livres Hebdo. 2006. 3. Нервные центры книжного бизнеса // Витрина. 2000. 4. Портер М. Международная конкуренция. М., 1993. 5. Рябова М.Э. Опыт конструирования социальной философии // М.,

2004. 6. Стандарты в книжном деле. М., Изд-во ТД «Библио-Глобус»,

2000. 7. Маковеев Н.П. Маркетинг в издательском деле и тенденции

развития рынка. 2008. № 9. 8. Корпоративный механизм хозяйствования и мезоэкономическое

структурирование / Под ред. И.К. Ларионова. М., Союз, 2000. 9. Костюк В.Н. Информация как социальный и экономический

ресурс. М., Магистр, 1997.

irma guraSvili saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvewodebulis

sax. qarTuli universitetis doqtoranti

marketinguli strategia wigniT vaWrobaSi

anotacia

statiaSi ganxilulia sawarmos marTvisas marketingis

saSualebebis efeqtiani gamoyenebis ZiriTadi instrumentebi

da meTodebi. gaanalizebulia wigniT vaWrobaSi marketingu-

li strategiis roli da mniSvneloba.


60

Irma Gurashvili

PHD studentof St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University of the Patriarchate of Georgia

MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE BOOK TRADE Annotation

The article discusses main instruments and methods of efficient use of

marketing means in enterprise managing. Is analyzed the role and significance of marketing strategy in book trading.

Гурашвили Ирма ДокторантГрузинского Университета

Светова Андрея Первозвонца, ПатриархияГрузии МАРКЕТИНГОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ В КНИЖНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ

Аннотация

В статье рассмотрены основные инструменты и методы эффективного использования маркетинговых средств в управлении предприятиемю Проанализированы роль и значение маркетинговой стратегии в книжной торговле.


61

mariam giorgaZe Tsu turizmis ganviTarebis institutis

turizmis saerTaSoriso skolis studenti,

rusudan sirbilaZe ekonomikis doqtori, Tsu turizmis ganviTarebis

institutis turizmis saerTaSoriso skola

erovnuli Semosavalis gamoTvla da turizmi

sabazro ekonomikis qveynebis mTavari mizania ekonomikuri

zrda, rac, ZiriTadad, erovnuli Semosavlis gamoTvlasa da mis

zrdaSi poulobs asaxvas, erovnuli Semosavlis zrda ufro meti

saqonlis da momsaxurebis warmoebas da cxovrebis maRal dones

ganapirobebs. nebismieri ekonomikuri subieqtis ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis Sesafaseblad saWiroa misi Semosavlis gamoTvla.

rac ufro maRalia adamianebis Semosavali, miT metia maTi eko-

nomikuri cxovrebis done.

erovnuli Semosavlis zrda damokidebulia mTliani Sida

produqtis zrdaze, romelic Seicavs mimdinare periodSi qveynis

SigniT warmoebuli saboloo saqonlis da momsaxurebis Rirebu-

lebas. qveynis ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa mwarmoeblurobis arse-

boba da misi zrda.

mTliani Sida produqtis zrdis da, zogadad, ekonomikis

zrdis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia turizmi. maszea damoki-

debuli ramdeni fulis nakadi Semodis qveyanaSi am sferodan.

turizmi msoflios ekonomikis erT-erTi wamyvani dargia da mas

nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seaqvs.

turizms didi xnis istoria aqvs Tumca im saxiT, rogoriTac mas

vicnobT, me-20 saukunidan modis.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi turizmi da mogzauroba sagrZnoblad

gaizarda rogorc ekonomikuri, ise socialuri mniSvnelobiT da

ganviTarebuli qveynebis umetesobaSi yvelaze swrafad mzardi

ekonomikuri seqtori gaxda.

turizmis erovnuli administraciis bolodroindeli kvle-

vis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi turizmis sfero swrafi tempiT vi-

Tardeba. oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT turizmis seqtoris

zrdiT saqarTvelo erT-erTi mowinave qveyanaa da am mxriv Cveni

qveynis maCvenebelma msoflio turizmis maCvenebelsac gauwia

konkurencia.


62

turizms, rogorc saerTaSoriso industrias, SeuZlia udi-

desi roli Seasrulos qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da Ra-

ribTa fenis SemcirebaSi. turizms SeuZlia fexze wamoayenos

qveynis ekonomika, Seqmnas axali samuSao adgilebi, daasaqmos

adamianebi, qveyanaSi uzrunvelyos valutis Semodineba, gaamdid-

ros biujeti, ganaviTaros infrastruqtura, gaafarToos Sida

bazari da Tanabar niSnulze aiyvanos regionebis ekonomikuri

ganviTareba.

turizmi ekonomikuri saqmianobis rTuli saxea da moicavs

ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorebs. turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTa-

di safuZveli misi momgebianobaa. bevr qveyanaSi turizmi dRemde

warmoadgens saqmianobis axal saxes, ris gamoc bevri xelisuf-

leba, da xSirad kerZo seqtoric, ar flobs sakmaris gamocdile-

bas turizmis saTanado ganviTarebis saqmeSi. maRalprofesiuli

midgomis gareSe turizmis ganviTarebam SeiZleba moulodneli da

arasasurveli zegavlena moaxdinos qveynis mTel ekonomikaze.

imisTvis, rom turizmma gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrulos da

gazardos qveynis ekonomika, mTavroba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas

unda aqcevdes ekonomikis am mzard seqtors. dargisadmi aseTi

yuradRebis kargi magaliTi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebia,

romelic Semosavlebis mixedviT msoflio mogzaurobisa da

turizmis bazris lideria.

kvlevebma aCvena rom, miuxedavad saqarTvelos warmatebisa

msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis

reitingebSi, Cveni qveynis turizmis seqtori saerTaSoriso arena-

ze arcTu ise mimzidveli iyo. amitom msoflio ekonomikur fo-

rumze, msoflio mogzaurobis, turizmis sabWosa da eqspertebis

yovelwliur angariSebSi saqarTvelos mogzaurobisa da turiz-

mis indikatorebi saerTod ar qveyndeboda am monacemTa ararse-

bobis gamo.

turizmi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs ekonomikur zrdasa da

ekonomikuri zrdis stimulirebaSi, samuSao adgilebis da pozi-

tiuri gare faqtorebis SeqmnaSi, rac pirdapir da iribad axdens

zegavlenas sxva ekonomikur aqtivobebze. turizmSi swori gadaw-

yvetilebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia ekonomikuri analizis

Catareba. is mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs da afasebs turis-

tuli saqmianobis Senatans regionisa da qveynis ekonomikaSi.

turizmi rom erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad ganviTarebadi

seqtoria saqarTveloSi, amas jamuri monacemebi adasturebs.

dReisaTvis turizmi da mogzauroba sagrZnoblad gaizarda ro-


63

gorc ekonomikuri, ise socialuri mniSvnelobiT da ganviTare-

buli qveynebis umetesobaSi yvelaze swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri

seqtori gaxda.

turizmis erovnuli administraciis bolodroindeli kvle-

vis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi turizmis sfero swrafi tempiT

viTardeba. oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT, turizmis seqtoris

zrdis mixedviT saqarTvelo erT-erTi mowinave qveyanaa da am

mxriv Cveni qveynis maCvenebelma msoflio turizmis zrdis maC-

venebelsac ki gauswro.

turizmi warmoadgens ekonomikuri saqmianobis metad rTul

saxes, romelic moicavs ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorebs. amasTan,

qveynebis umetesobaSi turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTad safuZveli

misi ekonomikuri momgebianobaa. bevr qveyanaSi turizmi dRemde


64

warmoadgens saqmianobis axal saxes, ris gamoc bevri xelisuf-

leba da, xSirad kerZo seqtoric ki, ar flobs sakmaris gamoc-

dilebas turizmis saTanado ganviTarebis saqmeSi. maRalprofe-

siuli midgomis gareSe turizmis ganviTarebam SeiZleba moulod-

neli da arasasurveli zegavlena moaxdinos qveynis mTel eko-

nomikaze, amitom dargi xelisuflebis mxridan mniSvnelovan

yuradRebas moiTxovs.

dargisadmi amgvari yuradRebis kargi magaliTia amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebi, romelic Semosavlebis mixedviT msoflio

mogzaurobisa da turizmis bazris lideria.

erovnuli administraciis, rogorc saxelmwifo politikis

gamtarebeli organos, misiaa: gazardos qveynis cnobadoba saer-

TaSoriso masStabiT, uzrunvelyos qveyanaSi rogorc Semoyvanis,

ise Sida turizmis stimulireba, xeli Seuwyos turizmis bizne-

sisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmnas, gazardos qveynis konku-

rentunarianoba, uzrunvelyos qveynis usafrTxo imijis popula-

rizacia.

turizmis saerTaSoriso da internacionalur industriad

gadaqcevas xeli Seuwyo orma urTierTganmapirobebelma faqtor-

ma. erTi mxriv, turistuli sawarmoebi sargeblianobisa da

Semosavlianobis gasazrdelad sistemurad afarToeben mogzau-

robis geografias mTel msoflioSi da, meore mxriv, rentabe-


65

lobis asamaRleblad turistuli biznesis investirebas axdenen

saerTaSoriso masStabiT.

turizmis miwodebis faqtorebia:

1. turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

2. turizmis ZiriTadi saSualebebi, romelsac miekuTvneba:

sastumroebi,

kempingebi, stumris saxlebi da ganTavsebis sxva saSua-

lebebi.

3. turebis da mogzaurobebis organizacia, restornebi, maRa-

ziebi, sabanko momsaxurebebi da sxva.

am faqtorTa sargeblobisTvis saWiroa gamarTuli infra-

struqtura, romelic moicavs transports, energias, telekomuni-

kaciebs, narCenebis mocilebas da sxva. aseve aucilebelia bunebis

dacva, rac xels uwyobs garemos, bunebis mdgrad SenarCunebas,

rac aseve aucilebelia turizmis biznesis ganviTarebisTvis.

turizmis ekonomikuri funqcia vlindeba turizmis investirebaSi,

Tumca, iseve, rogorc sxva dargebSi, investirebis nakleboba

SeiniSneba turizmSic. investirebis klebis ori mizezi arsebobs.

1. globaluri ekonomikuri krizisi da 2. qveynis SigniT arsebuli

ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. saerTaSoriso sainvesticio resursebis

bazarze postkrizisuli periodebi yovelTvis xasiaTdeba sain-

vesticio aqtivebis dacemiT da investorebi ZiriTadad bazris

analiziT da molodiniT arian dakavebuli. saqarTvelos inves-

ticiebis Semcirebis Sida faqtorebidan yvelaze mniSvnelovania

politikuri arastabiluroba. turizmis ganviTarebisTvis, inves-

ticiebTan erTad, mniSvnelovania danazogebi. danazogebis arse-

boba Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs kapitalis Semdgom investirebas da

ekonomikur zrdas. Tu danazogebi ar arsebobs imatebs ucxour

kapitalze damokidebuleba, rac krizisul periodSi qveynis

riskebs zrdis. qveynebi sxvadasxva meTodebiT cdiloben ganavi-

Taron turizmis industria. xeli unda SevuwyoT iseTi investi-

ciebis ganxorcielebas, romelic ar daarRvvevs kulturis da

bunebis avTenturobas.

turizmis dagegmva da ganviTareba sabazro ekonomikis Ziri-

Tad principebs unda iTvaliswinebdes da ganxiluli unda iyos,

rogorc moTxovnis da miwodebis faqtorebis urTierTdakavSi-

rebuli sistema.

Tanamedrove periodSi turizmi sul ufro da ufro po-

pularuli xdeba. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia turistTa codnis maRali

done, kerZod, internetisa da globalizaciis pirobebSi. mog-


66

zaurma mogzaurobamde icis sad unda wasvla, risi monaxuleba

surs, romeli aviakompaniiT sargeblobas aZlevs upiratesobas,

sad rogori fasebia, romeli sastumro urCevnia da a. S. amitom

sul ufro rTuldeba turistTa moTxovnebis dakmayofileba

turizmSi momuSave adamianebisTvis. miT umetes, roca turizmis,

mogzaurobis mizezi SeiZleba mravalferovani iyos. gamajansa-

Rebeli, samkurnalo, sportuli, religiuri, saganmanaTleblo

SemecnebiTi, piradi siamovnebisTvis da a. S.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, saqarTvelo aRiarebs turiz-

mis da kurortebis dargs, rogorc erovnuli kulturis da eko-

nomikis ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritets. prioriteti miznad

unda isaxavdes qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faq-

torebisTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamaxvilebas. kerZod,

turizmis ganviTarebam qveyanaSi xeli unda Seuwyos mwarmoe-

bulobis zrdas, mTliani Sida produqtis da misi Semadgeneli

komponentebis: moxmarebis, investiciebis, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis,

wminda eqsportisTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamaxvilebas,

radgan mTliani Sida produqtis zrda mTlian erovnul pro-

duqts, da masTan erTad erovnul Semosavals zrdis, rac eko-

nomikuri miRwevebis gansakuTrebuli pirobaa. swored amazea da-

mokidebuli Cveni ojaxebis siZliere, janmrTeloba, ganaTleba,

gonebamaxviloba, Rirseba, sibrZne da samSoblosadmi Cveni erT-

guleba.


1. gregori menqiu. ekonomikis principebi, diogene, 2008.

2. m. nacvalaZe, agroturizmis roli soflis meurneobis

mdgrad ganviTarebaSi, sakonferencio Sromebis krebuli, II

saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia, turiz-

mi: ekonomika da biznesi, gv. 471, 2011.

3. rusudan sirbilaZe, ekonomika, saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da

samarTlis saswavlo universiteti, Tbilisi, 2010.

4. Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili, statia ,,turizmi ganviTarebad qvey-

nebSi“.

5. statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri.

6. saqarTvelos erovnuli banki.

7. msoflio turizmis organizacia (UNWTO).


67

8. turizmis mzardi statistika saqarTveloSi -

http://agrokavkaz.ge

9. turizmis ganviTareba – http://ninochanchaleishvili.blogspot.com/ 10. rogor vebrZoloT umuSevrobas. umsxvilesi damsaqmeblebi

saqarTveloSi –http://forbes.ge

11. sazogadoebis kvlevis centri cssge.ge

12. Helen Mc Bain, Caribbean tourism and agriculture: linking to enhance development and competitiveness, Economic Development Unit, Port of Spain, March 2007, http://www.caribbeanagrotourism.com/Publications/ECLAC-2007-study-1.pdf

13. Market Research on Agro-tourism Products and Services, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) Office in Jamaica, Submitted by: Carolyn E. Hayle, Senior Programme Officer, Matthew Harvey, Consultant Kwame Emmanuel, Consultant Institute for Hospitality and Tourism, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, FINAL REPORT, MAY 19, 2006 , http://www.caribbeanagrotourism.com/Publications/Carolyn-Hayle.pdf

14. Strengthening Of The Tourism Sector Through the Development of Linkages With The Agricultural Sector In The Caribbean, PREPARED BY TRICIA TIKASINGH, FINAL REPORT, JANUARY 2006;

15. Балыкин, С. Агротуризм в малых городах / Сергей Балыкин // 2008. - № 4.

16. lela xartiSvili, organuli meurneoba da turizmi –

saqarTvelos magaliTi,

http://organicconference.elkana.org.ge/files/conf/f3/3.pdf

17. https://ka.wikipedia.org

18. Economy.ge


68

mariam giorgaZe Tsu turizmis ganviTarebis institutis

turizmis saerTaSoriso skolis studenti,

rusudan sirbilaZe ekonomikis doqtori, Tsu turizmis

ganviTarebis institutis turizmis saerTaSoriso skola

erovnuli Semosavlis gamoTvla da turizmi anotacia

sabazro ekonomikis qveynebis mTavari mizani ekonomikuri

zrdaa, rac ZiriTadad erovnuli Semosavlis gamoTvlasa da mis

zrdaSi poulobs asaxvas, erovnuli Semosavlis zrda ufro meti

saqonlis da momsaxurebis warmoebas da cxovrebis maRal dones

ganapirobebs. nebismieri ekonomikuri subieqtis ekonomikuri mdgo-

mareobis Sesafaseblad saWiroa misi Semosavlis gamoTvla. rac

ufro maRalia adamianis Semosavali, miT metia misi ekonomikuri

cxovrebis done. qveynis ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa mwarmoeblu-

robis arseboba da misi zrda.

mTliani Sida produqtis zrdis da zogadad ekonomikis

zrdis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia turizmi. maszea damoki-

debuli ramdeni fulis nakadi Semodis qveyanaSi am sferodan.

turizmi msoflios ekonomikis erT-erTi wamyvani dargia da mas

nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seaqvs.

turizmis ganviTarebas dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs.

rac Sesabamisad rogorc dadebiT, ise uaryofiT zegavlenas

axdens qveynis ekonomikaze. statiaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

eqceva turizmis ganviTarebisTvis saWiro xelSemwyobi pirobebis

Seqmnas, radgan amazea damokidebuli mTliani Sida produqtis

zrda da, masTan erTad, erovnuli Semosavlis zrda, rac sabo-

loo jamSi, qveynis ekonomikur zrdaSi aisaxeba.


69

Гиоргадзе Мариам студентка международной школы туризма

Института развития туризма ТГУ, Сирбиладзе Русудан

доктор экономики, международная школа туризма

Института развития туризма ТГУ

РАСЧЁТ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ДОХОДА И ТУРИЗМ Аннотация

Главной целью стран рыночной экономики является экономический рост, что в основном находит своё отражение в расчёте национального дохода и его росте. Ростом национального дохода обусловливается производство больше продукции и услуг, а также высокий уровень жизни. Для оценки экономического состояния любого экономического субъекта необходимо рассчитать его доход. Чем выше доход человека, тем лучше уровень его экономической жизни. Для развития страны необходимо наличие производительности и её рост. Одним из основных отраслей роста валового внутреннего продукта и в целом эконо-мического роста является туризм. От него зависит поток денег в страну из этой области. Туризм является одной из ведущих мировых отраслей экономики, и он в значительной степени способствует экономическому развитию любой страны.

Развитие туризма имеет свои преимущества и недостатки. Это, следо-вательно, как положительно, так и отрицательно сказывается на экономике страны.

В статье особое внимание уделяется созданию благоприятных условий для развития туризма, поскольку от этого зависит рост валового внутреннего продукта и при этом рост национального дохода, что в конечном итоге находит отражение в экономическом росте страны.


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Mariam Giorgadze TSU Student of International Tourism School of the

Institute for Tourism Developmentб Rusudan Sirbiladze

Doctor of Economics, TSU International Tourism School of the

Institute for Tourism Development

CALCULATION OF NATIONAL INCOME AND TOURISM Annotation

The main objective of the country's market economy is its economic growth,

which was mainly reflected in the national income calculation and its growth. The growth in the national income conditions more production of goods and services and a high quality of life. For the assessment of the economic situation of any economic entity it is essential to calculate its income.The higher the person’s income is the higher the level of its economic life is. The existence of productivity and its growth is necessary for the country’s development.

Tourism is one of the important sectors of GDP and overall economic growth. It depends on how much money flows into the country from this field. Tourism is one of the world's leading fields of the economy, and it contributes greatly to the economic development of any country.

Tourism development has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore it has both positive and negative impact on the country's economy. The special attention is paid to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of tourism in this article, as it depends on GDP, and the increase in national income as well, which ultimately finds a reflection of the country's economic growth.


71

xatia udesiani iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa

da biznesis fakultetis studenti

Zlieri regioni Zlieri qveynis sawindaria

rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo 2015-2017 wlebis regionuli ganviTarebis programa, romelic warmoadgens

saSualovadian samTavrobo dokuments da romelic gansazRvravs

saqarTvelos regionuli politikis ZiriTad miznebsa da amocanebs,

Sesabamis prioritetebsa da RonisZiebebs da adgens saWiro pirobebs

qveynis regionebis dabalansebuli da mdgradi socialur-ekono-mikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad. programis ganxorcielebis

miznebidan gamomdinare, regionuli politika warmoadgens mizanmi-

marTul RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas, romelic koncentrirebuli da

koordinirebulia regionul doneze, efuZneba ganviTarebis saWi-

roebebsa da prioritetebs da, Sesabamisad maT, qveynis mdgrad re-

gionul ganviTarebaze mimarTuli resursebis Sedegze orienti-

rebul gadanawilebas.

aRniSnuli programis SemuSaveba da misi ganxorcieleba mniSv-

nelovania evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris mimdinare da dageg-

mili TanamSromlobis farglebSi, maT Soris, evrokavSiris sabiu-

jeto da seqtoruli daxmarebis programis farglebSi. rac kidev

ufro mniSvnelovania, programis SemuSaveba da misi efeqtiani gan-

xorcieleba pirdapir pasuxobs evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris

asocirebis xelSekrulebisa da asocirebis dRis wesrigis Sesaba-

misi debulebebis ganxorcielebis miznebs.

programaSi gawerilia saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis

politika da am politikis ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebeli sakvan-

Zo prioritetebi da Sesatyvisi RonisZiebebi. maT win uswrebs

regionuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT arsebuli mdgomareobis mimoxilva

da, Sesabamisad, gamovlenili ZiriTadi saWiroebebi. Cveni gamokvleva exeba onis municipalitets, romelic mie-

kuTvnebarogorc sasazRvro, aseve konfliqtispira zonas ulamazesi

bunebiTa da saocari xedebiT. mas gansakuTrebul elfers matebs

sidarbaisliT, sidinjiTa da sibrZniT gamorCeuli xalxi, romlebic,

samwuxarod, migraciis Sedegad TiTze CamosaTvlelebi darCnen

maRlmTian soflebSi. onis municipaliteti ganTavsebulia raWa-


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leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, saqarT-

velos saxelmwifo sazRvris gaswvriv (86 km). CrdiloeTidan mas

esazRvreba ruseTis federacia, samxreTiT saCxeris municipaliteti,

dasavleTiT _ ambrolauris municipaliteti, aRmosavleTiT ki

cxinvalis regioni. municipalitetis farTobi Seadgens 1350 km2.

municipalitetis administraciuli centria qalaqi oni. manZili

administraciul centrsa da Tbiliss Soris aris 300 km. municipa-

litetis mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa 7723 kaci, maT Soris qalaq onSi

cxovrobs 3150 kaci. municipalitetSi 1 qalaqi, 19 teritoriuli

organo da 64 sofelia. municipalitetis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTve-

lobis umaRlesi organoa municipalitetis sakrebulo, xolo

aRmasrulebeli organoa municipalitetis gamgeoba.

mogexsenebaT, qalaqis ganviTareba SeuZlebeli soflis

ganviTarebis gareSe. qalaqi oni maRalmTian regionSia, dedaqalaqi-

dan sakmaod Sors. Sesabamisad iqauri problemebi Zalian gansxvav-

deba Tbilisis, quTaisis, baTumis problemebisagan. maSin, rodesac

didi qalaqebi mosaxleobis zrdis tendencias ganicdis, qalaq onSi

yoveldRe mcirdeba adamianTa raodenoba. 2015 wels onis erTaderT

skolaSi arc erTi pirvelklaseli ar midis. mosaxleobis 60%-ze meti

pensioneria. bavSvebi ki TiTze CamosaTvlelni darCnen.

umwvaves migraciul procesebs xels iwyobs minimaluri infrastruqturis ararseboba. municipalitetSi ar aris bunebrivi airi. 2012 wels ganxorcielda oni-ambrolauris-soris dabali wnevis gazsadenis monakveTis mSenebloba, gazsadeni milebi moyvanilia sofeli soris bolomde, magram qseli mowyobili ar aris. aucilebelia gagrZeldes centraluri magistralis mSeneb-loba qalaq onamde da pirvel etapze ganxorcieldes qalaqisa da centraluri magistralis axlos mdebare soflebis gazificireba, xolo Semdgom moxdes municipalitetis yvela soflis gazifici-reba. ama wlis 1 aprils ons saqarTvelos vice-premieri, energetikis ministri kaxi kalaZe estumra. misi viziti, swored, onSi gazifi-cirebis proeqtis amuSavebas emsaxureboda. vice-premieri gaecno dagegmvis samuSaoebs, isaubra daqselvasa da mosaxleobaSi gazis Seyvanis SeRavaTian pirobebze. am problemis mogvareba nawilobriv SeaCerebs migraciul procesebs.

qalaq onSi gasul wlebSi TiTqmis mTlianad Seicvala ar-sebuli wyalsadenis qseli. problemas warmoadgens wylis xarisxi, romelic yoveli gawvimebis Semdeg imRvreva. rac Seexeba onis municipalitetis soflebs, wyalsadeni qseli saerTod ar ar-

sebobs. aseve Zalian didi problemaa maTTvis stiqiebisgan


73

daucveloba. kokispiruli wvimebic ki iwvevs mosaxleobis kar-

midamoebis datborvas, radgan arsebuli saniaRvre sistema ver uzrunvelyofs moWarbebuli wylis gatarebas. mosaxleobas uwevs mewyersaSiS zonaSi cxovreba, rac didi riskis qveS ayenebs adamianebis sicocxles. wyaldidoba, mewyeri, Rvarcofi, didTov-loba did zians ayenebs adamianebs. itboreba nakveTebi, ziandeba sagzao infrastruqtura. vfiqrobT, aucilebelia mdinare rionisa da misi Senakadebis kompleqsuri Seswavla da Sesabamisi napir-samagri samuSaoebis dagegmva; mewyeruli adgilebis geologiuri Seswavla; hidroinJinrebis mier arsebuli saniaRvre arxebis gamtarunarianobis Seswavla da am yvelafris gamosworeba. wylis resursebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba gaaumjobesebs onis mdgomareobas.

nebismieri nabiji da gatarebuli RonisZieba, pirvel rigSi, mimarTuli unda iyos migraciis SesaCereblad. xalxs ara marto sacxovrebeli pirobebis (gzebis infrastruqtura, gazificireba, wyalmomarageba da a. S.) mogvareba da gaumjobeseba sWirdeba, aramed stabiluri samuSao adgilebis Seqmna adgilobrivi Tu moziduli investiciebis saSualebiT. es ori RonisZieba, vTvliT, rom SeaCerebs mosaxleobis gadinebas municipalitetidan.

udidesia turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, rasac, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, mowmobs raWis metad mdidari mxareTmcod-neobis muzeumi (q. oni), sadac 14 000 ZiriTadi da damxmare eqsponati inaxeba, maT Soris arqeologiuri, eTnografiuli, numizmatikuri, saxviTi xelovnebis nimuSebi, memorialuri, istoriuli mniSvnelo-

bis dokumentebi. Tumca muzeumis Senoba saerTod ar uzrunvelyofs am unikaluri eqsponatebis usafrTxoebas. muzeumi miwisZvris Sedegad dazianda da dRes katastroful mdgomareobaSia. garda amisa, municipalitetSi 44 saxeobis samkurnalo mineraluri wyalia, romelTac mniSvnelovani wvlilis Setana SeuZlia ara marto onis, aramed qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. mravalferovani, gamor-Ceuli buneba, mdidari istoriuli warsuli da kulturuli memkvid-reoba, balneologiuri kurortebis simravle, sxvadasxva saxis samkurnalo mineraluri wylebi da stumar-maspinZlobis adgilob-

rivi tradiciebi zemo raWis is siZlierea, romelTa swori formiT SeTavazebac regions turistulad mimzidvels gaxdis.

miuxedavad imisa, rom regionis dRevandeli mdgomareoba Zalian Sorsaa ekonomikurad efeqturi modelisagan, rodesac xdeba resursebis mizanmimarTuli da efeqtiani gamoyeneba, Tavad am resursebis arseboba, aseve, axlo warsulSi onis regioniT saerTa-

Soriso organizaciebisa Tu investorebis dainteresebis faqtebi


74

safuZvels iZleva vifiqroT, rom swori ekonomikuri kursis dageg-mvisa da misi etapobrivi Sesrulebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia raionis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgradobis miRweva.

raionis masStabiT agroseqtoris prioritetuli mimarTule-

bebia: mesaqonleoba, mefutkreoba, mebostneoba, mexileoba. aRsa-

niSnavia, rom am saqmianobebSi saboloo produqtis miRebamde yvela etapze jansaRi, naturaluri resursebi gamoiyeneba: niadagi organuli sasuqiT mdidrdeba, xexilis baRebi agroteqnikur Ro-nisZiebebs ar gadis da ekologiurad sufTaa, mcenareTa unikaluri jiSebisa da Taflovani mcenareebis wyalobiT, adgilobrivad warmoebul Tafli da Taflis produqtebi (futkris rZe, cvili, dindgeli...), maRal xarisxsa da sagemovno TvisebebTan erTad, samkurnalo TvisebebiT gamoirCeva. bolo periodSi organuli pro-duqtebisadmi mkveTrad gazrdili moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT, am sferoebs udavod aqvs potenciali, rom, droTa ganmavlobaSi, TviTkmari wamoebidan saeqsporto produqciis warmoebaze gadaerTos.

samwuxarod, dResdReobiT, problemebi arsebobs oTxive mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT miwaTmoqmedebis mxriv. problemas warmoadgens arsebuli miwis resursebis araefeqtiani gamoyeneba, rac, rogorc gamoikveTa, gamowveulia ramdenime ZiriTadi mizeziT: 1. agroqimiurad Seuswavleli niadagebi, rac arTulebs savargu-lebis nayofier gamoyenebas. 2. ganuviTarebeli infrastruqtura _ Sesabamisi teqnikis uqonloba, rasac emateba savargulebis amortizeba da finansebis xewlmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi.

problemebis aRweris paralelurad, mravalgzis aRvniSneT, rom arsebuli resursebis wyalobiT onis regions realuri Sansi aqvs, socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri municipaliteti gaxdes saqarTveloSi. Tumca, mimaCnia, rom regionis ganviTarebis grZelvadiani gegmebi mxolod maSin iqneba realurad ganxorcielebadi da imedis momcemi, Tuki sawyis etapze municipalitetis, saxelmwifosa da adgilobrivTa ZalisxmeviT daiwyeba im problemebis gadaWraze muSaoba, romlebic mosaxleobis socialur, sayofacxovrebo pirobebTanaa dakavSirebuli da maT mier municipalitetis datovebis ZiriTad mizezTagania.

problemis warmoSobis umTavres mizezs, cxadia, regionis geografiuli Taviseburebebi wamoadgens, xolo gzebi, rogorc aRiniSna, erT-erTi Zvirad mosavleli infrastruqturaa. sxvadasxva periodis ganmavlobaSi TviTmmarTvelobis prioritetuli mimarTu-


75

lebebis gegmebis SedarebiT aRmoCnda, rom sagzao infrastruqtura mudmivad moixsenieboda prioritetebs Soris, Tumca bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gazrdilia am problemisaken mimarTuli fuladi resursebis odenoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom gasul wlebSi meti aqcenti iyo gakeTebuli qalaq onis sagzao infrastruqturis ganviTarebaze - 2014 wels dafinansda q. onis rogorc centraluri, aseve Sida quCebis asfaltireba da asfaltirebasTan dakavSirebuli samu-

Saoebi. Sesrulebuli samuSaoTi adgilobrivi mosaxleoba kmayo-filia, radgan qalaqSi problema mTlianad gadaWrilia. rac Seexeba soflebs, gasul wlebSi ganxorcielda calkeuli soflebis - uweras, Wirbevis, laCTas, Seubanis da sxvaTa Sida gzebis, calkeuli ubnebis gzis reabilitacia da ganxorcielda stiqiuri movlenebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi, romlebic, mosaxleobis dacvasTan erTad, aseve mimarTulia sagzao infrastruqturis ganviTarebisken. garda amisa, SeZenil iqna gzebis keTilmowyobisaTvis saWiro teqnikis nawili. Cans mcdeloba, rom TviTmmarTveloba etapobrivad cdilobs sagzao infrastruqturis problemis mogvarebas, Tumca umTavres problemad am sakiTxis mosagvareblad, cxadia, finansuri mxare rCeba, radgan TviTmmarTveloba valdebulia, finansebi gankargos mosaxleobis yvela sxva saWiroebis dasakmayofileb-

ladac. miuxedavad imisa, rom soflebis mosaxleoba dadebiTad Sexvda sagzao mimarTulebiT bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gaaq-

tiurebul samuSaoebs, isini aRniSnaven, rom saSuria swored soflis gzebi iqces mTavar prioritetad.

onis mosaxleoba problemebis mogvarebisTvis udides imeds

amyarebs e.w. „mTis kanonze“, anu saqarTvelos kanonze maRalmTiani regionebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, da problemaTagan gamosavals xedavs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki es kanoni Seexeba mTlianad onis municipalitets.

qalaq ons udidesi potenciali aqvs rogorc bunebrivi, aseve adamianuri resursebis kuTxiT. gasaocaria onelebis SesaZleb-

lobebi. onSi gansakuTrebiT xelovani adamianebi ibadebian. TiTqmis yvela ojaxSi xataven, ukraven, cekvaven, Zerwaven. iqauri bavSvebi gansakuTrebuli niWiTa da SesaZleblobebiT gamoirCevian, magram maT ar aqvT xelSewyoba, ar aqvT Tanamedrove teqnologiebTan wvdomis SesaZlebloba. es ki xels uSlis am qalaqis ganviTrebas da xels uwyobs migraciul procesebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom onSi jandacvis sferoc saWiroebs daxma-rebas. municipalitetis umravles soflebSi ar aris eqimi. qalaq onSi arsebul saavadmyofoSi ki ar aqvT sakmarisi samkurnalo


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aRWurviloba. bolo periodSi, jandacvis saministros gadawyveti-lebiT, pirebi, romlebic maRlmTian regionebSi sami wlis ganmav-lobaSi imuSaveben, rezidenturis garkveuli dargis specialobebSi ufasod momzaddebian. msgavsi proeqti funqcionirebs skolebSic. rogorc aRvniSneT mosaxleobis udidesi nawili daberebulia, Sesabamisad skolis maswavleblebic xanSiSesuli adamianebi arian, romelTac Tanamedrove teqnologiebis naklebi codna aqvT. ganaTlebis saministrom gadawyvita, ganexorcielebina proeqti

„aswavle saqarTvelos“ , romlis farglebSic axalgazrda mas-

wavleblebi miavlina maRlmTian regionebSi da maT daufinansa magistratura.

qalaq ons ganviTarebisTvis saWiro yvela resursi aqvs. aucilebelia am resursebis saTanadod Seswavla, investiciebis mozidva da samuSao adgilebis droulad Seqmna. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ekonomikurad Zlieri municipalitetis nacvlad sul

cota xanSi „bunebriv nakrZals” vixilavT. soflis ganviTareba qalaqis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, qalaqis ganviTareba ki qveynis Zlierebis sawindaria.


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perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb. J. „ekonomisti“. N 2, 2013.

3. sajaro informaciis monacemTa baza, oficialuri veb.

gverdi – WWW. Opendata.ge

4. saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne – Matsne.gov.ge

5. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri –

http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=139&lang=geo 6. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis

saministro _ http://www.economy.ge/ge/economic-sectors/foreign-direct-investments

7. saxelmwifo auditis samsaxuri– http://sao.ge/ _

8. saqarTvelos axalgazrda ekonomistT asociacia – WWW. Economists.ge


77

xatia udesiani iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa

da biznesis fakultetis studenti

Zlieri regioni Zlieri qveynis sawindaria

anotacia

saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2015-2017 wlebis regionuli ganvi-

Tarebis programa warmoadgens saSualovadian samTavrobo do-

kuments da gansazRvravs saqarTvelos regionuli politikis Ziri-

Tad miznebsa da amocanebs, Sesabamis prioritetebsa da RonisZiebebs

da adgens saWiro pirobebs qveynis regionebis dabalansebuli da

mdgradi socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad.

aRniSnuli programa daedo safuZvlad iniciativas raWis

regionis, kerZod ki onis municipalitetis socialur-ekonomikuri

problemebis Seswavlasa da am problemebis aRmofxvris gzebis

Ziebas. statiaSi gaxilulia is mZime socialur-ekonomikuri prob-

lemebi, riTac xasiaTdeba ara marto onis municipaliteti, aramed

mTliand qveynis maRalmTiani regioni.

Khatia Udesiani Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,

Faculty of Economics and Business, Student

A STRONG REGION AS A FOUNDATION FOR A STRONG COUNTRY

Annotation

The governmental program of regional development on 2015-2017 is a mid-term document which defines the main goals and tasks of regional policy in Georgia, determines the priorities and directions for balanced and sustainable socio - economic development. The program was a basis for the investigation the socio-economic problems of Racha region and in particular of the Oni municipalities and looks for ways to eliminate these problems. The article considers the hard socio-economic problems that are common as to Oni municipality as to all mountainous regions of the country.


78

Удесиани Хатиа

Тбилисский государственный университет Факультет экономики и бизнеса, студент

СИЛЬНЫЙ РЕГИОН ОСНОВА ДЛЯ СИЛЬНОЙ СТРАНЫ Аннотация

Программа регионального развития на 2015-2017 годы представляет собой среднесрочный правительственный документ, который определяет основные цели и задачи региональной политики государства, приоритеты и мероприятия по созданию необходимых условий для сбалансированного и устойчивого социально - экономического развития. Эта программа была основой для изучения социально-экономических проблем региона Рача, в частности, Oнского муниципалитета и ставила целью поиск путей для устранения этих проблем. Статья рассматривает те серьезные социально-экономические проблемы, которыми характеризуется не только муниципалитет Oни, но и все горные районы страны.


79

merab comaia Tsu-s bakalavri,

xelmZRvaneli istoriis akademiuri doqtori zurab sulaberiZe

saqarTvelos ekonomikis politikuri problemebi

msoflio gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelosnairi

patara qveynisTvis ekonomikuri aRmavlobis da keTildReobis mTa-

vari gza saqonlisa da momsaxurebis eqsporti da reeqsportia. es

aris axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis, mosaxleobis Semosavlebis

zrdis da a.S. yvelaze efeqturi modeli _ msoflios yvelaze gan-

viTarebuli patara qveynebi, eqsportze orientirebuli qveynebi. ase

magaliTad, bunebrivi resursebiT saqarTveloze ufro Raribi da

mkacri klimaturi pirobebis mqone daniis da avstriis mTavari

simdidre maRalkvalificiuri adamianuri resursebia. 5, 7milioniani

daniis mTliani Sida produqti (nominaluri) 331 mlrd dolaria,

anu 57999 dolari erT sulze gaangariSebiT, saqonlis eqsportis

xvedriTi wili 34%-ia (111 mlrd dolari), xolo Tanafardoba

eqsportsa da imports Soris _ 1,13:1 (2013), 8,4 milioniani avstriis

analogiuri maCveneblebia: 415 mlrd.dolari, 49256 dolari, 30% (125,4

mlrd dolari) da 1:1,04. 4,5 milioniani saqarTvelo ki Tavisi

maCveneblebiT: 16,2 mlrd dolari, 3597 dolari, 18 % da 1:2,7 Zalze

Sorsaa am qveynebisgan, igi miekuTvneba Rarib qveynebs da simdidris

doniT msoflioSi 111-e adgilzea [1;2;3;4;5].

saqarTvelos aseT mZime mdgomareobas didad ganapirobebs

ekonomikur urTierTobebSi politikuri dominantis gaCena mis or

did mezobel qveyanasTan _ ruseTsa da iranTan. swored ruseTTan

ekonomikuri urTierTobebis moSlam didad ganapiroba jer

ekonomikuri krizisis warmoSoba, xolo Semdeg misi dausrulebloba

saqarTveloSi. 1991 wlidan moyolebuli, miuxedavad saerTaSoriso

Tanamegobrobis mravalmiliardiani daxmarebebisa, qveyanaSi kvlav

ekonomikuri siduxWirea. qarTveli glexi, romelic yovelwliurad

ruseTSi gatanili Tavisi produqciiT ekonomikurad welgamar-

Tuli iyo, dRes ukiduresi siRatakis zRvarzea.

meoce saukunis 90-iani wlebidan dawyebuli, saqarTvelo-

ruseTispolitikuri dapirispireba 2008wels agvistos omSi gadai-

zarda. Sedegad, or qveyanas Soris Sewyda diplomatiuri urTier-

Toba da, masTan erTad, ekonomikuric: Tuki 2005 wels saqarTvelos

eqsporti ruseTSi Seadgenda 153,7 mln dolars, ruseTis mier

saqarTvelos natoSi swrafvis sanacvlSemoRebuli ekonomikuri


80

embargos (2006) da 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg eqsportma 2009

wels Seadgina ukve mxolod 18 mln dolari, anu Semcirda 8.5-jer ( ! ).

2005 wels saqarTvelos saeqsporto urTierToba hqonda 93

qveyanasTan da ruseTze modioda eqsportis 18 % (I adgili), 2009 wels

101 da 2011 wels 106 partniori qveynidan ruseTze 2% modioda (X da

XI adgili) . 2011 wels ruseTSi eqsportirda mxolod 36,6 mln

dolaris produqcia[1;6], anu faqtobrivad, ruseTis bazari CvenTvis

daixura. arada, saqarTvelos ekonomika, rogorc mefis ruseTis, ise,

gansakuTrebiT, sabWoTa periodSi, ZiriTadad, ruseTis bazris

moTxovnis Sesabamisad muSaobda.

is, rom politikur mowinaaRmdegesTan ekonomikuri kavSiri

SesaZlebelia, ekonomikis istoriaSi ar axalia. amis uaxlesi yve-

laze TvalsaCino magaliTia meore msoflio omis Semdgomi germania

da safrangeTi da is, rom es ori qveyana dRes mowinavea msoflioSi,

sxva faqtorebTan erTad, ganpirobebulia swored maTi mudmivad

mzardi ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobiT.

2013 wlidan axali xelisuflebis mier dawyebulma ekono-

mikurma kavSirurTierTobam ruseTTan pirveli Sedegi ukve moitana:

2013 wels 2011 welTan SedarebiT eqsporti ruseTSi gaizarda 5-jer ( !

)da 111 qveynidan ruseTSi eqsportis xvedriTma wilma 7% Seadgina _

IV adgili [1;6]. arasworad migvaCnia skeptikosebis mosazreba imis

Taobaze, rom ruseTi arasaimedo ekonomikuri partnioria, nebismier

momentSi SeuZlia Segviqmnas problemebi da a. S. ra Tqma unda,

garkveuli riskebi aseT urTierTobebSi arsebobs, vidreevropul

qveynebTan, magram unda gamovideT realobidan da vaRiaroT, rom

jerjerobiT sxva ufro efeqturi ram ar Cans: CvenTan ar Semodis im

donis investiciebi, rom arakonkurentunariani qarTuli produqcia

umokles xanSi vaqcioT konkurentunarianad msoflio bazarze da

amiT qarTveli glexi da mewarme welSi gaimarTos.

Cveni azriT, ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba rogorc

ruseTTan, ise afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan yvelaze umoklesi

gzaa, cxovrebis donis amaRlebis kvalobaze, ufro saimedo

safuZveli SevuqmnaT politikuri problemebis mogvarebas, radgan

mxolod ekonomikurad Zlieri saqarTvelo SeiZleba gaxdes

afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTisTvis politikurad mimzidveli [7].

metad saeWvoa varaudi rogorc ruseTis dasustebaze (birTvuli

zesaxelmwifo rac ar unda dasustdes, mainc SeZlebs Tavisi

interesebis dacvas da mudam saxifaTo iqneba msoflio Taname-

gobrobisTvis), ise ruseTSi demokratiis eqsportze, radgan rogorc

ruseTis wina saxelisuflebo arCevnebma aCvena, ruseTis demokra-


81

tiuli Zalebic yofil mokavSire respublikebs ganixilaven saku-

Tari gavlenis sferod, radgan ruseTSi sazogadod miRebuli azriT,

esaa erTaderTi saSualeba natosgan Tavis dasacavad _ Tuki ruseTs

SeuZlia Sori manZilidan gamoSvebuli natos birTvuli raketebi

haerSive aafeTqos, zed ruseTis sazRvridan, anu yofili mokavSire

respublikebis teritoriidan gamoSvebuli aseTi raketebi ruseTs

pirisagan miwisa aRgvis, miT ufro, rom nato flobs msoflios

birTvuli arsenalis 60%-s. swored amitomaa, rom is ase Tavgame-

tebiT ewinaaRmdegeba misi mezobeli qveynebis natoSi gawevrianebas.

ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom „kuTxeSi mimwyvdeuli“ ruseTi gaci-

lebiT ufro saxifaToa mTeli msofliosTvis, vidre damegobrebuli.

amitom, SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqtic, rom evrokavSiris liderebi

gamudmebiTmouwodeben saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, maTTan integ-

raciis paralelurad „daalagos“ urTierTobebi ruseTTan, ruseTis

analogiurad, ekonomikis politikur sibrtyeze gadayvana moxda

iranTan mimarTebaSic. 2010 wels savizo reJimis ormxrivad gauqmeba

maSinve aisaxa ekonomikur viTarebaze: pirdapiri iranuli investi-

ciebi 2009 welTan SedarebiT gaizarda 5-jer da Seadgina 1.1 mln

dolari, 2011 wels 2006 welTan SedarebiT ki-25 jer (!), vaWrobis

moculoba amave periodSi gaizarda 3-jer, iranuli firmebis

raodenoba ki saqarTveloSi _ 85-dan 1500-mde. 2012 wels iranma gana-

xorciela 404 7 mln dolaris investicia saqarTveloSi. Sesabami-

sad, gaizarda saqarTvelos eqsportic iranSi: Tu 2013 wels igi

Seadgenda mxolod 19 mln dolars, 2013wels ukve _ 47,2 mln

dolars [1;8].

saqarTvelo-iranis gacxovelebulma ekonomikurma kavSirebma

SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia dasavleTis presasa da politikur wreebSi

saqarTvelos mxridan iranisTvis dawesebuli sanqciebis SesaZlo

darRvevis gamo. dasavleTma irans dauxura saerTaSoriso gada-

ricxvis sistema _ svifti, xolo gaerom akrZala saerTaSoriso ur-

TierTobebi im iranul kompaniebTan, romlebsac Sexeba aqvT

navTobis, zusti teqnologiebis da aluminis warmoeba-SesyidvasTan,

anu im dargebTan, romlebidanac Tanxebi Semdgom SeiZleba

gamoyenebul iqnes birTvuli iaraRis Seqmnis, uranis gamdidrebis

procesis da terorizmis dafinansebisaTvis. saqarTvelo dadanaSau-

lebul iqna iranelebis mier saqarTveloSi warmoebuli biz-

nessaqmianobidan miRebuli fulis SesaZlo gamoyenebaSi birTvuli

iaraRis da terorizmis SesaZlo dafinansebaSi, agreTve iranidan

Semotanili fulis gaTeTrebaSi. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos


82

xelisuflebam ver SeZlo damajerebeli argumentebis warmodgena am

eWvebis gasaqarwyleblad da 2013 wlis ivlisSi iZulebuli gaxda

calmxrivad droebiT SeeCerebina uvizo mimosvla iranTan, garda

amisa, miRebul iqna rigi damatebiTi zomebic: iranul firmebs

problemebi SeeqmnaT registraciis Semdgom bankebSi angariSis

gaxsnisas, 150 iranel biznesmens ki daeblokaT sabanko angariSebi [8].

yvelaferma aman mniSvnelovnad SezRuda or qveyanas Soris

ekonomikuri urTierTobebi. marTalia, dResdReobiT, savaWro brunva

or qveyanas Soris 200 mln dolars Seadgens, magram es Zalian cotaa

potenciur 4 mlrd dolarTan SedarebiT [9] vaWrobaSi qarTuli

mtknari sasmeli wylisa da iranuli gazis CarTviT (2015 wlis

ianvris bolos gaerom mouxsna embargo iranis energoresursebs). aqve

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom iranuli gazi Zalian maRali xarisxisaa,

xolo misi maragi bevrad aRemateba ruseTisas. iranTan

urTierTobebis SezRudvam, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, xeli Seuwyo

laris kursis mkveTr vardnas 2014 wlis dasasrulsa da 2015 wlis

dasawyisSi TiTqmis 25 %-iT, ramac momavalSi mravalnegatiur

movlenas SeiZleba misces dasabami Tu dauyovnebliv ar iqneba

miRebuli saTanado zomebi.


1. sagareo vaWroba-www.geostat.ge

2. Список стран по ВВП (номинал)-www.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 3. Список стран по ВВП (номинал) на душу населения-

www.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 4. Внешнеэкономические связи Дании по состоянию на 2013 году-

www.ved.gov.ru/exportcountries/dk/aboutdk/veddk/ 5. Внешнеэкономические связи Австрии в2013 году-

www.ved.gov.ru/exportcountries/at/about at/ved at/

6. saqarTvelom ruseTis bazarze eqsportis gasammageba SeZlo-

www.factcheck.ge/article/

7. m. jibuti. afxazeTSi konfliqtis gadawyvetis xelSewyoba

ekonomikuri faqtorebis gamoyenebiT. Tbilisi, 2005.

8. iraneli biznesmeni: saqarTveloSi Tavs daculad veRar

vgrZnobT!-www.ambebi.ge/politika/80786

9. ra odenobis wylis biznesi igegmeba saqarTvelodan iranSi-

www.tbiliselebi.ge


83

10. r. gaCeCilaZe. axlo aRmosavleTi: sivrce, xalxi da politika.

Tbilisi, 2011.

merab comaia Tsu-s bakalavri

saqarTvelos ekonomikis politikuri problemebi

anotacia

statiaSi ganxilulia ruseTTan da iranTan saqarTvelos

ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobis politikiT gansazRvrulobis

problema. naCvenebia, rom aseTi ekonomikuri politika xels uSlis

rogorc qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis amaRlebas, ise

politikuri problemebis mogvarebas.

Цомаиа Мераб Бакалавр ТГУ

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГРУЗИНСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ Аннотация

В статье рассмотрена проблема предопределенности экономического

взаимоотношения Грузии с Россией и Ираном с политикой. Показан, что такая экономическая политика мешает как повышению экономического благосостояния страны, так и урегулированию политических проблем.

MerabTsomaia

Bachelor TSU THE POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF GEORGIAN ECONOMY

Annotation

In this article is considered the predefinition problem Georgian economic relation at Russia and Iran with policy.It is seen that such economic policy hinders as rise above country ‘s economic prosperity so settle political problems.


84

Tamar tomaraZe, lali qandauriSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi

xelmZRvaneli e. d., asoc. profesori giuli qeSelaSvili

drois menejmenti da misi gavlena karieruli warmatebis

miRwevaze

Tanamedrove samyaroSi warmatebis miRwevis erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani saSualeba drois racionaluri ganawileba da misi

swori menejmentia. warmoidgineT, rom banki yovel diliT Tqvens

angariSze ricxavs 86400 lars da dRis bolos ukan miaqvs is

Tanxa, rasac Tqven ver iyenebT. rogor moiqceodiT? gamoitandiT

yovel TeTrs da Tqvens sasikeTod moixmardiT?

yoveli Cvenganis cxovrebaSi arsebobs aseTi banki da mas

dro ewodeba. yoveldRiurad yovel Cvengans 86400 wami gveZleva.

dRis bolos ki es wamebi or kategoriad iyofa: erTi is wamebia,

romlebic Tqvens sasargeblod gamoiyeneT da meore is, romelic

ver gamoiyeneT. ar arsebobs drois ukan dabrunebis saSualeba.

aucilebelia adamianma ganaxorcielos TviTmenejmenti da racio-

nalurad gamoiyenos mis xelT arsebuli dro. germaneli mec-

nieris l. zaivertis ganmartebiT, „TviTmenejmenti gulisxmobs

yoveldRiur mmarTvelobiT saqmianobaSi gamoyenebuli aprobi-

rebuli praqtikuli meTodebisa da xerxebis Tanmimdevrul da

mizanmimarTul gamoyenebas, optimaluri gadawyvetilebebis safuZ-

velze racionaluri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad’’ [1].

saerTaSoriso avtoriteti drois marTvis sakiTxebSi a.

maqkenzi ambobs, rom xSirad drois menejmenti da misi arsi

arasworadaa gagebuli adamianebis mier. misi TqmiT, SeuZlebelia

marTo dro da ar Seexo sxva iseT resurss, rogoricaa finansu-

ri kapitali, fizikuri kapitali, adamianuri kapitali da infor-

macia. maSin, roca pirveli oTxi maTgani ganicdis cvlilebas,

transformacias, SeuZlebelia maTgan ganyenebulad drois marTva.

samyaroSi, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT,SeuZlebelia drois gar-

daqmna, ar SegviZlia drois Senaxva, Tumca SegviZlia misi ga-

moyeneba [2].

drois menejments erovnuli Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs.

arseboben e.w. poliaqtiuri kulturis warmomadgenlebi, romel-

Tac cxovrebis TavianTi wesi aqvT. isini yvelafers zogadad


85

gegmaven, SeuZliaT ramdenime saqmis erTdroulad keTeba. aseT

xalxebs slavuri warmoSobis erebi miekuTvneba. monoaqtiuri

kulturebi, magaliTad, amerikelebi da evropelebi, sul sxva

kanonebiT cxovroben. maTi cxovrebis wesi aseTia – dro fulia.

maTi dro sworxazovania, awmyos moxerxebulad „fuTaven“ da

nawilebad yofen. reaqtiuli kulturebisTvis, romelTac aRmosav-

leTis xalxebi miekuTvneba, damaxasiaTebelia drois mimarT

adamianebis adaptacia, Tavad dro ki cikluria, wreze trialebs.

es xalxi naCqarevi gadawyvetilebebis miRebas gaurbis da mSvidad

elodeba „ukeTes dros“. droisadmi maT damokidebulebas aRmosav-

luri sibrZne kargad gamoxatavs – rodesac RmerTi dros qmnida,

is arasakmarisad Seqmna [3].

drois menejmentis amocana mdgomareobs ZiriTadi miznis

sworad gansazRvraSi. prioritetebis gansazRvra ki saSualebas

gvaZlevs, efeqturad vmarToT miznebi. drois marTvis ZiriTadi

saidumlo moqmedebis koncentrirebasa da mizandasaxulobaSia.

unda daviwyoT pirveli rigis problemis gadawyvetidan da ga-

vagrZeloT TanmimdevrobiT, e.i. drois gansazRvrul periodSi

unda vakeToT romelime erT-erTi. saqmis mitovebiT daSemdeg misi

xelaxla dawyebiT efeqturobas 5-jer vamcirebT. magaliTad, mo-

carts SeeZlo sam kompoziciaze erTdroulad emuSava da Seeqmna

Sedevrebi. baxi da verdi mxolod erT kompoziciaze muSaobdnen

garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, Semdegze gadasvlas ar iwyeb-

dnen manam, sanam pirvels ar daasrulebdnen.

dro TiTqos arasdros ar aris sakmarisi, magram is yovel-

Tvis sakmarisia yvelaze mniSvnelovani saqmeebisaTvis. amisaTvis

unda movikriboT Zalebi da vakeToT pirvel rigSi is saqme, rac

mogvitans yvelaze met sargebels. rogorc amerikis prezidenti

eizenhaueri gvirCevs, aseTi saqmeebi unda davyoT 4 jgufad:

saswrafo da mniSvnelovani, mniSvnelovani, magram ara saswrafo,

saswrafo, magram ara mniSvnelovani, arasaswrafo da aramniSvne-

lovani[4].

yovelTvis unda gaviTvaliswinoT Tu rogori Sedegi mohy-

veba ama Tu im amocanas da ra moxdeba, Tu mas saerTod ar Sevas-

rulebT. dRis ganmavlobaSi sakuTar Tavs unda davusvaT Semdegi

sami kiTxva: romeli saqmeebia yvelaze mniSvnelovani? ra SegviZ-

lia gavakeToT mdgomareobis gasaujobeseblad? rogor gamoviye-

noT dro yvelaze sasargeblod? am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema

orjer gazrdis Cven mier gamoyenebuli drois efeqturobas [5].


86

yuradRebiT unda davakvirdeT imas, rom Cvens cxovrebaSi

ar dairRves wonasworoba. imisaTvis, rom viyoT produqtiuli,

mxolod drois menejmenti ar aris sakmarisi. yuradReba unda

mivaqcioT sakuTar janmrTelobas da kargadunda gamoviyurebo-

deT. yovelTvis unda moiZebnebodes dro Cveni ojaxisa da

dasvenebisaTvis [6].

drois menejmenti uSualodaa dakavSirebuli miznebTan.

aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebrivi komunikaciebis

marTvis specialisti arCil gamzardia gamoyofs Svid problemas:

1. mizanTa simravle – drois menejmentis mTavar Secdomad iTv-

leba miznebis araoptimaluri raodenoba. umetes SemTxvevaSi Cven

virCevT „zedmetad bevr“ mizans, vidre „zedmetad cotas“.

2. prioritetebis ararseboba – zogi ver xvdeba imas, Tu ra aris

prioriteti, xSirad mas arasworad igeben. prioritetis gagebis

gareSe adamiani iqceva raRac dabneul subieqtad, romelic TiT-

qos mTeli dRe raRaca saqmiTaa dakavebuli, magram Tu gadava-

mowmebT, aRmoCndeba, rom misi seriozuli cxovrebiseuli miznebi

saerTod ar xorcieldeba an xorcieldeba Zalian nela, an

araefeqturad xorcieldeba. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa davamyaroT

wesrigi prioritetebSi, anu unda gavigoT ra aris „prioritetu-

li mizani“.

3. miznebis ararealuroba – miznebis Camoyalibebisas xSirad

gviwevs dilemis winaSe dgoma. erTi mxriv, aucilebelia sakuTa-

ri pirovnebis ganviTarebisTvis davisaxoT msxvilmasStabiani

miznebi, romlebic iqneba „Rirseuli“, romelic „horizonts miRma“

gagviyvans, magram meore mxriv, mizani unda iyos realisturi da

miRwevadi.

4. cudad gansazRvruli drois sazRvrebi – zemoaRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, Cven SegviZlia kargad CamovayaliboT Cveni „lamazi“

mizani, Semdeg davkidoT es Cveni mizani kedelze da vuyuroT. is

mTeli cxovrebis manZilze ar ganxorcieldeba. es mizani ragind

kargad formulirebuli da Cafiqrebulic ar unda iyos, „mainc

ar miiRweva“, Tu kargad ar davgegmavT drois mixedviT.

5. ar arsebobs miznebis miRwevis kriteriumis sazomi – xSirad

vfiqrobT, rom mizani rTuli da miuRwevelia. aseTi pesimisturi

azrebi Cndeba im maCveneblebis ararsebobis gamo, romlebic

zustad asaxaven im safexurs, romelzec vdgavarT miznis miRwevis

procesSi. miznamde misvla aucileblad unda iyos gazomili

nebismieri komfortuli da xelmisawvdomi obieqturi da

subieqturi maCvenebliT. mniSvnelovania, rom gamoyenebuli zomis


87

erTeuli zomavdes miznis miRwevamde gadadgmul nabijebs ara

„metrebiT“, aramed „milimetrebiT“. magaliTad, wignis weris kar-

gi sazomia „erTi furceli dReSi“, magram Tu varT SemoqmedebiT

krizisSi, aseT dros gadavdivarT ufro mcire sazomze _ „erTi

winadadeba dReSi“.

6. miznebis konfliqti – unda gamovaaSkaraoT „saSineli saidum-

lo“. TiTqmis yvela piradi mizani erTmaneTSi yovelTvis kon-

fliqturia im gagebiT, rom isini erTmaneTSi iyofen individis

dros da resursebs. individisagan, Tavis mxriv, saWiro xdeba

namdvili xelovnebis gamoCena, rom konfliqtebis gareSe „resur-

sebis namcxvari“ sinergiulad gadaanawilos Tavis pirad miznebs

Soris.

7. mizani ar aris dakavSirebuli motivaciasTan – TiTqos aseTi

ram SeuZlebelia imdenad, ramdenadac mizani genetikurad

dakavSirebulia adamianis moTxovna-motivaciasTan, anu is Cndeba

rogorc „motivaciuri aisbergis“ mwvervali. Tumca, racionaluri

miznebis gamo xdeba miznis gamoyofa moTxovnis motivaciuri

fuZidan [7].

Aamrigad, drois menejmentis mniSvneloba TiTqos calsaxaa,

magram xSir SemTxveaSi arasworad aRiqmeba adamianebis mier da

Seusabamo xdeba miznebTan. aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebelia

droisa da miznis adekvaturoba da pozitiuri ganwyobis Seqmna.

parkinsonis kanonis Tanaxmad, samuSao misTvis gamoyofil mTel

dros ikavebs. magaliTad, Tu miznad davisaxavT, rom statia erT

saaTSi daweroT – mas swored am droSi davwerT, xolo Tu

statiisTvis winaswar mTeli dRis daTmobas gadavwyvetT, mTel

dRes statiis weraSi gavatarebT. drois efeqturi marTva TiTqos

pragmatikosis saqmea, Tumca aRniSnuli fenomeni yvelaadamianis

warmatebis gasaRebia. warmatebuli karieris miRwevis faqtorebis

Seswavlisas, yvela mecnieri xazs usvams iseTi aRudgeneli

resursis mniSvnelobas, rogoricaa dro.piter drukeri aRniSnavs:

"is, rac igegmeba _ keTdeba". zemoaRniSnulidan cxadi xdeba, rom

guSindeli dRe ukve warsulia. xval aravin icis ra moxdeba,

dRevandeli der TiTqos saCuqaria da amitom mniSvnelovania, rom

gavufrTxildeT yovel wams.…


88


1. www.4motivi.ge, ’’drois menejmenti’’.

2. www.myprofession.ge’, „ganaviTareT midgomebi da gamoiyeneT

sakuTari dro racionalurad~.

3. www.friday.ge, “drois menejmenti _ ramdenime sakvanZo wesi”.

4. www.aafcapital.ge, ,,Taim-menejmenti –droismarTvis arsi”.

5. www.aafcapital.ge, ,,Taim-menejmenti – droismarTvis arsi”.

6. www.aafcapital.ge, ,,Taim-menejmenti –droismarTvis arsi”.

7. www.archilgamzardia.wordpress.com, „drois menejmenti da

miznebTan dakavSirebuli 7 ZiriTadi problema~.

Tamar tomaraZe, lali qandauriSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi


drois menejmenti da misi gavlena karieruli warmatebis

miRwevaze

anotacia

naSromSi ganxilulia drois menejmentis arsi da mniSv-

neloba. Seswavlilia ucxoel avtorTa mosazrebebi drois

marTvisa da misi swori organizebis sakiTxebze. gaanalizebulia

drois marTvis erovnuli Taviseburebebi, prioritetebis roli

drois efeqtur marTvaSi, drois menejmentis miznebTan Sesaba-

misobis problemebi. naCvenebia, rom droisa da miznis adekvatu-

roba pozitiuri ganwyobis safuZvels qmnis. gansazRvrulia

rCevebi drois efeqturi marTvisTvis.


89

Tamar Tomaradze, Lali Kandaurishvili IvaneJavakhishvili Tbilisi State University

III course students of Economics and Business Faculty

TIME MANAGEMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CAREER SUCCESS Annotation

The article analyzes the essence and importance of time management. It

discribes the foreign authors' thoughts on time management and its succsessful organization aspects. It examines the national characteristis of Time Management, the role of priorities to orginize time effectively and the problems refering to compliance of its problems and objectives. The article shows that the adequacy of time and targets creates the positive sentiment basis. In addition, there are defined the tips for effective time management.

Томарадзе Тамара, Кандауришвили Лали Тбилисский государственный университет

Именни Ив. Джавахишвили факультет экономики и бизнеса, Студенты III курса

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ВРЕМЕНИ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УСПЕХ В КАРЬЕРЕ

Аннотация

В статье анализируется, сущность и значение управления времени. Он обсуждает мнения иностранных авторов по управлению времени. В немпроанализированно национальные характеристики организования времени и ролъ приоритетов. Показано, что адекватность времени и цели создает основы позитивного мышления. В статье выяснены советы управления времени.


90

Tamar siraZe, elene jimSeleiSvili

iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da

biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi


festivalebis roli qarTuli turizmis ganviTarebaSi

adamianTa umetesobisTvis warmatebuli cxovreba sasiamov-

no mogzaurobebTan asocirdeba. swored sasiamovno mogzaurobaTa

erT-erTi kategoriaa festivalebis organizeba. miuxedavad imisa,

rom dro icvleba, bevri adamianisaTvis festivali kvlav

siamovnebis miRebis saSualebad rCeba.

festivalebis mowyoba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs tu-

ristTa mozidvaSi da, aqedan gamomdinare, turizmis ganviTare-

basac uwyobs xels, radgan is adgilobrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebisa

da kulturuli Zeglebis daTvalierebasTan asocirdeba. bevri

adamiania dainteresebuli braziliis monaxulebiT da erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani RonisZieba, romelic xels uwyobs am survilis

dakmayofilebas, aris msoflioSi cnobili karnavali, romelic

tardeba yovelwliurad rio-de-JaneiroSi da milionobiT mnax-

vels maspinZlobs. festivalis msvlelobisas stumrebs aqvT Se-

saZlebloba, daamyaron urTierToba adgilobriv sazogadoebas-

Tan, gaecnon adgilobriv kulturas, zne-Cveulebebsa da SeigrZ-

non am qveynis silamaze.

festivalebi erTgvari mediaRonisZiebaa qveynis reklamire-

bisa da imijis asamaRleblad. mediaRonisZiebebi xels uwyobs

qveynis imijisa da cnobadobis zrdas. amitomac mniSvnelovania,

rom festivalis mosamzadebel samuSaoebTan erTad momzaddes

mediasaSualebebi, aseve mzad iyvnen gidebi, kargi megzuroba

gauwion damTvaliereblebs.

festivali unikaluri saSualebaa adgilobrivi kulturis

demonstrirebisa da adamianebTan urTierTobisTvis. magaliTad,

miunxenis mcxovrebTaTvis ludis oqtombris festivali didi xnis

tradiciaa. festivalis msvlelobisas isini xvdebian TavianT

megobrebs, amayoben bavariuli kulturiT da siamovnebas iReben

adgilobrivi samzareulos dagemovnebiT.

turizmis mimarTulebiT festivalebis ganxilvisas gamoi-

yofa ori ZiriTadi efeqti _ socialur-kulturuli da ekonomi-

kuri. pirveli maTgani iwvevs mosaxleobis dainteresebas adgi-


91

lobrivi kulturis ZeglebiT, rac, saboloo jamSi, xels uwyobs

kulturis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas, xolo, rac Seexeba,

ekonomikur efeqts, aRsaniSnavia, rom turistebi fuls xarjaven

restornebSi, sastumroebSi, suvenirebis SeZenisas, mgzavrobaSi,

raca isaxeba qveynis SemosavlebSi.

festivalebis gazrdili rolidan gamomdinare, kargi iqneba,

Tu CvenTan ufro didi yuradReba daeTmoba saerTaSoriso

sagundo festivalebis, folkloruli turebisa da msgavsi Ro-

nisZiebebis Catarebas. es xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelosTan sxva

qveynebis megobruli urTierTobis damyarebas, kulturaTa gacv-

lasa da sxva mniSvnelovan procesebs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli xalxuri musikiTa da cekvebiT

sul ufro da ufro metad interesdebian ucxoelebi. qarTul xmebsa

da cekvebis ileTebSi aris asaxuli qarTveli eris umdidresi

istoria, patriotuli da gmiruli SemarTeba. swored am princi-

pebze dafuZnebuli tradiciuli xelovneba xiblavs ucxoel tu-

ristebs da maTSi aRZravs xolme qveynis monaxulebis survils

[3].

mravali qveynis msgavsad, qarTul kulturasac aqvs Tavisi

ZiriTadi simbolo _ vazi da misi nayofi. mniSvnelovania, rom

qvevrSi Rvinis dayeneba CvenTan rva aTasi wlis win daiwyo da

warsulis am tradicias qarTvelebi dRemde inarCuneben. Rvinis

dayenebis aRniSnul meTods 2013 wels iuneskos aramaterialuri

kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi mieniWa, rac mis

unikalurobaze miuTiTebs da gzavnilia mTeli msofliosTvis,

rom Rvino uZvelesi qarTuli kulturis Semadgeneli nawilia [4].

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Rvinis festivalebis mowyoba-or-

ganizeba, riTac saqarTvelo uamrav stumars maspinZlobs. Rvinis

festivalis mimdinareobis dros aTasobiT stumari ufasod

agemovnebs mravali dasaxelebis Rvinos, romelic warmoebulia

rogorc didi kompaniebis, aseve ojaxuri marnebis mier. festi-

valis mimdinareobisas TbilisSi eTnografiuli muzeumis ezo

yovelwliurad ivseba xolme momRimari da RviniT galaRebuli

adamianebiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom Rvinis erov-

nuli saagentos monacemebis mixedviT, 2014 wels saqarTvelodan

eqsportirebuli Rvinis gayidvebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebi

2013 wlis SemosavlebTan SedarebiT 30%-iT gaizarda da 184 927

801 lari Seadgina. aRniSnul wels Rvinis brendis realizacia

15%-iT gaizarda. WaWis gayidvebze ki 24%-iani kleba dafiqsirda.


92

saerTo jamSi, 2014 wels qarTuli Rvinis gayidvebis raodenoba

sazRvargareT 26%-iT gaizarda [6].

aRsaniSnavia, rom gasuli wlis 24 maiss „Rvinis klubis“ mier

organizebul festivals araerTi saintereso siurprizi hqonda

momzadebuli stumrebisaTvis: gaimarTa sxvadasxva saxis saxaliso

gaTamaSeba da gasarTobi RonisZieba, iRblianebs Rvinis klube-

lebma saCuqrad saukeTeso qarTuli Rvinis nimuSebi gadasces.

sasixaruloa, rom saqarTveloSi gamarTulma festivalebma aTa-

sobiT Rvinis gurmani moizida, romelTa Soris iyvnen sxvadasxva

qveynidan Camosuli ucxoeli turistebi da Rvinis specialistebi

[5].

meRvineobis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi mxolod festivalebze

ar aris damokidebuli, Tumca am dargisTvis festivalebis mow-

yoba sakmaod mniSvnelovani RonisZiebaa. bolo wlebSi Rvinis

festivalisadmi interesi mniSvnelovnad izrdeba.

miuxedavad imisa, rom festivalebi dadebiT gavlenas axdens

qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze, maTma arasworma dagegmvam da

riskebis gauTvaliswineblobam SeiZleba uaryofiT Sedegebamdec

migviyvanos. amis naTeli magaliTia 2014 wels organizebuli

RonisZieba „kazantipi’’. aRniSnuli festivalis dagegmvisas adgi-

lobrivi kulturisa da faseulobebis gauTvaliswineblobam,

mosaxleobis arasworma informirebulobam arsebuli RonisZiebis

Sinaarsis Sesaxeb, xeli SeuSala turistTa mozidvas da amavdro-

ulad negatiurad ganawyo qveynis mosaxleoba festivalis mimarT

[7]. imis gamo, rom festivalis organizatorebi orjer met

stumars elodnen, maTma faqtobrivma raodenobam bevrad naklebi

Seadgina, eWvqveS dadga RonisZiebis CatarebasTan dakavSirebuli

danaxarjebiს mTlianad amoRebis sakiTxic. zaralis Tavidan aci-

lebis mizniT gasayidad gamotanil produqciaze dawesda maRali

fasebi, rac stumarTa ukmayofilebis mizezi gaxda. aRniSnul

RonisZiebaze oficialurad daregistrirebuli 60000 stumridan

mxolod 12 000 gamocxadda. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis informa-

ciiT ki stumarTa saerTo raodenobam 5000 kaci Seadgina. stum-

rebis simciris gamo organizatorebma „kazantipis“ vizis safa-

suri 400-dan 250 laramde Seamcires da gamouSves erTjeradi

saSvic, romelic 100 lari Rirda [2]. festivalis Catarebis Sede-

gad miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis miuxedavad, aRniSnul Ronis-

Ziebas garkveuli Rirebulebac hqonda _ aSenda safestivalo qa-

laqi da ganviTarda adgilobrivi infrastruqtura, rac momaval-


93

Si mravali saintereso proeqtis ganxorcielebis safuZveli

gaxdeba.


1. J. R. Walker,Introduction to Hospitality Management (International Edition, 6th Edition), USA, 2012

2. A.E. Ketter, Media Strategies For Marketing Places in Crisis, United Kingdom, 2007

3. E. Ketter, “The Role of Festivals and Cultural Events in the Tourism Industry”, United Kingdom, 2010

4. www.vinoge.com, qvevris Rvinis dayenebis qarTuli meTodi

UNESCO-s nusxaSi

5. www.24saati.ge, axali Rvinis festivali 2014 - winsvla da

mravalferovneba

6. www.vinoge.com, qarTuli Rvinis eqsporti_statistika da

ZiriTadi tendenciebi

7. .www.radiotavisupleba.ge, kazantipis Sedegebi da molodinebi

Tamar siraZe, elene jimSeleiSvili

iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da

biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi


festivalebis roli qarTuli turizmis ganviTarebaSi

anotacia

naSromSi Seswavlilia festivalebisarsi damniSvneloba.

kerZod, ganxilulia festivalebis organizebis ucxouri

gamocdileba, dagegmvis roli da masTan dakavSirebuli riskebis

gaTvaliswinebis sakiTxebi festivalebis organizebisas. wina

planzea wamoweuli qarTuli Rvinis qvevrSi dayenebis uZvelesi

tradicia daRvinis festivalebis mowyobis mniSvneloba.

gansazRvrulia festivalebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi da

is efeqtebi, razec unda gamaxvildes yuradReba festivalebis

dagegmvisas.


94

Tamar Siradze, Elene Jimsheleishvili Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University

III course students of Economics and Business Administration Faculty

The role of Festivals in Development of Georgian Tourism Annotation

The article analyzes the role and essence of festivals. Particularly, it discusses the foreign experience of organizing festivals, the role of planning issues and related risks incorporated organizing festivals. In the foreground, there is brought the ancient tradition of making Georgian wine and organizing wine festivals. There are determined the social and economic aspects of festivals and the effects, that should be considered while planning them.

Сирадзе Тамара, Джимшелеишвили Елена Тбилисский государственный университет

Именни Ив. Джавахишвили, факультет экономики и бизнеса Студенты III курса

РОЛЬ ФЕСТИВАЛЕВ В РАЗВИТИИ ТУРИЗМА ГРУЗИЙ

Аннотация

В статье затрагивается тема о сущности и значении фестивалев. В частности, он обсуждает зарубежный опыт организации фестивалев, роль планирования и организационные риски. На переднем плане вырожается Грузинское древное традиция приготовление вино в кувшинах и значение организовать винные фестивали. В данной статье рассмотрены социально-экономические аспекты Фестивалев и те эффекты, на которых нужно обратить внимание при планировании Фестивалев.


95

siaxle

saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba dafuZnda

Ppaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis iniciativiT dafuZnda “saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba”

sazogadoebis damfuZneblebi arian: 1. akademikosi vladimer papava

2. akademikosi avTandil silagaZe

3. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr

korespondenti leo Ciqava

4. profesori Teimuraz beriZe

5. profesori ramaz abesaZe

sazogadoebis prezidentia akademikosi vladimer papava

vice-prezidenti – prof. ramaz abesaZe

sazogadoebis saqmianobis miznia xeli Seuwyos qveyanaSi ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri mecnierebis ganviTarebas, risTvisac: • xels Seuwyobs mecnier-ekonomistTa konsolidacias qveynis masStabiT; • xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis integracias; • xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mecnierebis saerTaSoriso samecniero urTierTubebSi CarTTulobis gaZlierebas; • moamzadebs samecniero naSromebs romlebic gamoicema rogorc qveynis Signi, aseve qveynis gareT; • monawileobas miiRebs saerTaSoriso asociaciebis muSaobaSi da saerTaSoriso samecniero proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi; • waradgens proeqtebs saerTaSoriso grantebis mosapoveblad; • Caatarebs adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis samecniero RonisZiebebs (konferenciebi, simpoziumebi, kongresebi, seminarebi da a. S.); • gamarTavs mrgval magidebs, Sexvedrebs qveynis ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri mecnierebis sakiTxebze da sxv.

“samwuxarod, profesionali eqspertebis mosazrebebi nak-

lebad xdeba sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili. Sedegad vakuumi iqm-neba, romelic araprofesionalebis an politikurad motivirebu-li eqspertebis SefasebebiT ivseba. qveyanaSi rTuli ekonomikuri viTarebaa da am fonze umniSvnelovanesia ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis dafuZneba. aucilebelia, rom sazogadoebas Cveni xma mivawvdinoT. rodesac vambob _ rTuli viTarebas, ar vgulis-xmob gavrcelebul sulelur mosazrebas, rom qveyanaSi eko-nomikuri krizisia. aranairi kriteriumiT es ar dasturdeba. ase-Ti Sinaarsis gancxadebebi politikurad motivirebulia. swored


96

amitom aris mniSvnelovani sazogadoebis dafuZneba, rom xalxma mecnierebis, eqspertebis obieqturi Sefasebebi moisminos”, _ ganacxada saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis erT-erTma damfuZnebelma da prezidentma. Tsu-s reqtorma, akade-mikosma lado papavam.

saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebaSi, aseve, gawevrianda saqarTvelos finansTa ministri, profesori nodar xaduri. Tsu-is reqtoris gancxadebiT, igi mTavrobasTan urTier-Tobis sakiTxebSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mediatori iqneba. samecniero sazogadoebis prezentaciaze nodar xaduri prezi-diumis wevradac airCies.

“cxadia, aRniSnuli samecniero sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba mniSvnelovania, radgan igi ekonomikuri samecniero azris ganvi-Tarebaze iqneba fokusirebuli. samecniero sazogadoebis farg-lebSi mecnierebi gaanalizeben ekonomikuri da politikur procesebs da kompetentur rekomendaciebs SeimuSaveben. saqarTve-los ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebaSi TiTqmis yvela cnobili ekonomistia gaerTianebuli da mixaria, rom maT rigebSi mec var. sazogadoebis muSaobis farglebSi ekonomikis, aseve, finansuri politikis sakiTxebze jansaRi diskusiebi gaimarTeba da Cven yvela saR azrs siamovnebiT gaviziarebT”, _ aRniSna saqarTvelos finansTa ministrma, profesorma nodar xadurma.

saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis muSaoba ar iqneba centralizebuli. erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTuleba regionebTan aqtiuri TanamSromloba da adgilebze warmomadgen-lobebis Seqmna gaxlavT. prioritetulia saerTaSoriso mniSvne-lobis samecniero RonisZiebebis gamarTvac, maT Soris igulisx-meba konferenciebi, simpoziumebi, kongresebi, seminarebi da a.S.

“saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba qveynis masStabiT ekonomistebis gaerTianebas Seuwyobs xels. mimaCnia, rom es Cveni erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa. sazo-gadoebis mniSvnelovani funqciaa, aseve, ganaTlebisa da mecnie-rebis integracia, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mecnierebis saerTa-Soriso samecniero urTierTobebSi CarTulobis gaZliereba, saerTaSoriso grantebis mopoveba, samecniero kvlevebis warmoeba. Cven qveyanaSi arsebul ekonomikur problemebTan dakavSirebiT rekomendaciebsac warmovadgenT da sakanonmdeblo da aRmasru-lebel xelisuflebasTan aqtiurad viTanamSromlebT. gamoicema axali wignebi. ase rom, saqarTvelos ekonomistTa sazogadoebis daarseba Zalian mniSvnelovania rogorc ekonomikuri wreeebi-saTvis, aseve, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri mecnierebis ganviTarebisaT-vis. wesdebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba uflebamosilia ganaxorcielos damxmare saxis sa-mewarmeo saqmianobac, saidanac miRebuli Semosavlebi sazo-gadoebis funqcionirebas moxmardeba”, _ ganacxada Tsu-is paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis xelmZRvanelma,


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sazogadoebis erT-erTma damfuZnebelma da vice-prezidentma ramaz abesaZem.

saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis damfuZ-neblebs Soris, aseve, arian akademikosi avTandil silagaZe, mec-nierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti leo Ciqava, Tsu-is eko-nomikisa da biznesis fakultetis dekani, profesori Teomuraz beriZe da Tsu-is reqtori, akademikosi vladimer papava. mecnier-ekonomistTa sazogadoebis prezentacia 23 maiss gaimarTa.


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informacia

***

Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia acxadebs konkurss premiis mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli saukeTeso statiisaTvis. premia miekuTvneba statias, romelsac gamoavlens maRalkvalificiuri Jiuri, samecniero statiisaTvis wayenebuli moTxovnebidan gamomdinare.

premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da fuladi premia 300 laris odenobiT.

***

2008 wlidan daarsda paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis samecniero Sromebis krebuli, romelic gamodis periodulad.

Sromebis krebulSi daibeWdeba mecnier ekonomistTa (mecnierebaTa doqtorebi, akademiuri doqtorebi) Sromebi, aseve, bakalavrebis, ma-gistrebis, doqtorantebisa da praqtikos ekonomistTa saTanado mecnie-ruli donis statiebi.

avtorTaTvis krebulSi statiebis gamosaqveyneblad moqmedebs Sem-degi wesebi: 1. krebulSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecniero naSromebi un-

da iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.

2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmowerili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgilis, samecniero xarisxisa da wodebis, sruli safosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtro-nuli fostis miTiTebiT.

3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 formatze, 12 fon-tiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena aucilebelia or nabeWd eg-zemplarad, eleqtronul versiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiT ACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri _ TIMES NEW ROMAN).

4. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari. naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected], [email protected] institutis xelmZRvaneloba da krebulis redaqcia mzadaa Tanam-

SromlobisaTvis. damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:

q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 299-68-53.

paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis gamomcemloba

qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze


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SeRavaTian fasebSi gTavazobT nebismier sagamomcemlo saqmianobas:

• masalis akrefa, dakabadoneba, redaqtireba gamoicema:

• samecniero wignebi da naSromebi, enciklopediebi, leqsikonebi, cnobarebi

• perioduli gamocemebi (samecniero SromaTa krebuli, samecniero Jurnalebi, konferenciis masalebi)

• originaluri da naTargmni mxatvruli literatura, saxelmZRva-neloebi, sabavSvo wignebi, albomebi da gzamkvlevebi

• eleqtronuli dargobrivi Jurnalebi

misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14 293 22 60; 551 10 07 04. el.fosta: [email protected]

Jurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebi

1. JurnalSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecniero naSromebi unda iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.

2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmowerili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgilis, samecniero xarisxisa da wo-debis, sruli safosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtronuli fostis miTiTebiT.

3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 formatze, 12 fontiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena aucilebelia or nabeWd egzemplarad, eleqtronul versiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiT ACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri da rusuli TIMES NEW ROMAN).

4. JurnalSi statiebi gamoqveyndeba redaqciaSi maTi Semosvlis rigis mixedviT. redaqciis mier statiis warmodgenis TariRad CaiTvleba redaqciis mier saboloo teqstis miRebis TariRi.

5. statia, romelic srulad ar pasuxobs zemoT moyvanil moTxovnebs, redaqciis mier ar miiReba.

6. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari. naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: [email protected], [email protected] institutis xelmZRvaneloba da Jurnalis redaqcia mzadaa Tanam-

SromlobisaTvis. damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:

q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 293-34-44; 599 97 01 03.


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laris angariSi

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Jurnali “ekonomisti” misamarTi: Tbilisi, 0105, g. qiqoZis q. 14; tel.: 293 34 44; 599 970103. E-mail: [email protected] Journal “Economisti” Edress: Tbilisi, 0105, Kikodze street, tel. (+995 32) 293 34 44; 599 970103 E-mail: [email protected]

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