Switched Reluctance Motor Switched Reluctance Motor for Electrical Drives for Electrical Drives of

Electric Power Plants Equipment Electric Power Plants Equipment

Vladimir Vladimir KuzmichevKuzmichevMPEI(TU), ORGRESMPEI(TU), ORGRES

ContentsContents

� Overview of Switched Reluctance Motors� Electrical Drives Structure of Electric Power

Plants� Development Strategy of RAO “UES Russia” � Main Purposes and Stages of the Project� Some Results of my Work

Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)General Information

MPEI consists of 7 Technical Institutes• Institute of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechanics• Institute of Heat-Power Engineering and Technical Physics• Institute of Power Engineering Efficiency Problems• Institute of Electrical Engineering• Institute of Electrical Power Engineering• Institute of Automatics and Computer Engineering• Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics

Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University)General Information

There are• 70 Departments• 550 educational laboratories for students • 100 research laboratories

in MPEI

MPEI is • more than 1500 professors, associated professors and lecturers • 10 000 Russian students• nearly 500 foreign students from 40 countries• 500 Ph.D. students

Joint Stock Company "Firm ORGRES for adjustment, improvement of

technology and operation of power plants and networks"

Now ORGRES is a part of Russia Joint Stock Company Unified Energy System of Russia. Staff of the firm consists of 570 persons. Most of them are engineers.

Firm ORGRES is accredited by Gosstandart of Russia as directing agency for certification of the domestic and imported equipment,as well as communication facilities intended for use within power industry of the Russian Federation

ServicesORGRES performs all kinds of professional services in the field utilization of new equipment, advanced technologies and improvement of operation of power equipment at stages of designing, construction, putting into operation and operation :

ConsultingLicensingSupervisionCommissioningOperation organizational

ManagementTestingDiagnosticsStaff trainingEnergy audit

Core activitiesThermal power plants and water-heating boilersHydroelectric power plantsBackbone and distribution electric networksDistrict-heating networks

Joint Stock Company "Firm ORGRES for adjustment, improvement of

technology and operation of power plants and networks"

Structure Flowchart of Structure Flowchart of Switched Reluctance MotorSwitched Reluctance Motor

Inductor Machine ConstructionInductor Machine Construction

Main features of IM� salient-pole rotor and

stator� concentrated stator

winding� rotor hasn’t got any

winding

Principle of operationPrinciple of operation

Principle of operationPrinciple of operation

Advantages of Switched Reluctance Advantages of Switched Reluctance MotorMotor

� Simplicity and reducibility of construction� Low manufacturing and operating costs� Fault tolerance� High torque/inertia ratio and efficiency

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

SRD Applications

Disadvantages of Switched Disadvantages of Switched Reluctance MotorReluctance Motor� High level of torque ripple� High level of acoustical noise

Electrical motors for controlElectrical motors for control--velocity drives (1990)velocity drives (1990)

23 %

10 %

62 %

1 %3 % 1 %

Induction motors Synchronous permanent magnets motorsDirect current motors Brashles motors Switched reluctance motors Other type of motors

Electrical motors for controlElectrical motors for control--velocity drives (2001)velocity drives (2001)

50 %

31 %

0 %

2 %

9 %8 %

Induction motors Synchronous permanent magnets motorsDirect current motors Brashles motors Switched reluctance motors Other type of motors

Main equipment of Electric Power Main equipment of Electric Power PlantsPlants�Blow fan�Coal-handling facility�Feed pump�Smoke exhauster�Buster pump

Development Strategy of RAO Development Strategy of RAO “UES Russia”“UES Russia”� Replacement up to 50% of power plants

equipment� Replacement all traditional drives on

variable drives

Purposes of the ProjectPurposes of the Project

� Development accurate and fast mathematical model of SRM

� Development of program for designing and simulation of SRM

� Designing SRMs for electrical power plant equipment

� Characteristics Comparison of induction motor and SRM

EverestEverest

� Designing of SRM� Calculation of magnetization curves� Calculation of inductance waveforms� Calculation of torque waveforms

Everest Everest

Everest (Input of the initial data)Everest (Input of the initial data)

Everest (Designing of phase coil)Everest (Designing of phase coil)

Everest (Input initial geometry data)Everest (Input initial geometry data)

Everest (Input steel properties)Everest (Input steel properties)

Everest (Input calculation parameters)Everest (Input calculation parameters)

Everest (Result of SRM weight calculation)Everest (Result of SRM weight calculation)

Everest (Magnetization curves)Everest (Magnetization curves)

Everest (Phase inductance waveforms)Everest (Phase inductance waveforms)

Everest (Torque waveforms)Everest (Torque waveforms)

SWITCHED RELUCTANCESWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR MOTOR WITH ASIMMETRICAL MAGNETIC SYSTEM WITH ASIMMETRICAL MAGNETIC SYSTEM

(3(3--phase 12/4 SRD)phase 12/4 SRD)12/4 SRM 12/8 SRM

Main Dimensions of Tested MotorsMain Dimensions of Tested Motors

0.30.3Air gap length, mm8080Stack length, mm1212Rotor pole depth, mm1646/12.5Rotor pole arc, degree5050Rotor inner diameter, mm

103.4103.4Rotor outer diameter, mm2323Stator pole depth, mm

12.512.5Stator pole arc, degree104104Stator inner diameter, mm183183Stator outer diameter, mm

3-phase 12/83-phase 12/4Motor

Dimension

Rated parameters of the tested motorsRated parameters of the tested motors

92–Efficiency, %

400150Voltage, V

30003000Speed, rpm

52.8Power, kW

3-phase 12/8

3-phase 12/4

MotorRated value

Inductance waveforms of 12/4 SRMInductance waveforms of 12/4 SRM

05

101520253035404550

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Angle , (degree)

Indu

ctan

ce, L

(mH

)

I=10 A

I=15 A

I=5 A

Inductance waveforms of 12/8 SRMInductance waveforms of 12/8 SRM

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20 25

Angle , (de gre e )

Indu

ctan

ce, L

(mH

)

I=5 AI= 10 AI=15 A

Phase mutual inductance waveforms Phase mutual inductance waveforms of 12/4 SRMof 12/4 SRM

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 10 20 30 40

Angle, (degree)

Phas

em

utua

l ind

ucta

nce,

(mVs

)

I=5 A

I=15 A

I=10 A

Static torque waveforms of 12/4 SRMStatic torque waveforms of 12/4 SRM

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Ang le , (degree )

Torq

ue, T

(Nm

)

I=10 AI=15 AI=5 A

Static torque waveforms of 12/8 SRMStatic torque waveforms of 12/8 SRM

02468

101214161820

0 5 10 15 20 25

Angle , (deg ree)

Torq

ue, T

(Nm

)

I=5 AI=10 AI=15 A

Instantaneous torque waveforms of Instantaneous torque waveforms of 12/4 SRM12/4 SRM

02468

101214161820

0,0000 0,0010 0,0020 0,0030 0,0040 0,0050

Time , t (s )

To

rqu

e, T

(Nm

)

Instantaneous Torque Waveforms Instantaneous Torque Waveforms of 12/8 SRMof 12/8 SRM

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0,0000 0,0005 0,0010 0,0015 0,0020 0,0025

Time, t (s )

Torq

ue, T

(Nm

)

HarmonicHarmonic spectrum of the spectrum of the torque torque waveforms of 12/4 SRMwaveforms of 12/4 SRM

0 5 10 15 20 25

5

10

15

Harmonic number, k

Am

plitu

de o

f the

k-h

arm

onic

, T (N

m)

Kk

k

HarmonicHarmonic spectrum of the spectrum of the torque torque waveforms of 12/8 SRMwaveforms of 12/8 SRM

0 5 10 15 20 25

10

20

30

Harmonic number, k

Am

plitu

de o

f the

k-h

arm

onic

, T (N

m)

30

0

Kk

251 k

HarmonicHarmonic spectrum of the spectrum of the torque torque waveforms of tested waveforms of tested SRMsSRMs in per unitsin per units

0 5 10 15 20 250

0.5

1

Harmonic number, k

Am

plitu

de o

f the

k-h

arm

onic

, T (p

u)

1.1

0

Garm12_4k

Garm12_8k

251 k

Current waveforms of 12/4 SRMCurrent waveforms of 12/4 SRM

0,005,00

10,0015,0020,0025,0030,0035,0040,0045,00

0,0000 0,0010 0,0020 0,0030 0,0040 0,0050 0,0060

Time , t (s )

Cu

rren

t, I (

A)

Current waveforms of 12/8 SRMCurrent waveforms of 12/8 SRM

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

0,0000 0,0005 0,0010 0,0015 0,0020 0,0025 0,0030

Time, t (s )

Ph

ase

curr

ent,

I (А

)

HarmonicHarmonic spectrum of the spectrum of the current current waveforms of 12/4 SRMwaveforms of 12/4 SRM

0 5 10 15 20 250

10

20

Harmonic number, k

Am

plitu

de o

f the

k-h

arm

onic

, I (A

)

25

0

Kk

251 k

HarmonicHarmonic spectrum of the spectrum of the current current waveforms of 12/8 SRMwaveforms of 12/8 SRM

0 5 10 15 20 250

5

10

15

Harmonic number, k

Am

plitu

de o

f the

k-h

arm

onic

, I (A

)

15

0

Kk

251 k

HarmonicHarmonic spectrum of the spectrum of the current current waveforms of tested waveforms of tested SRMsSRMs in per unitsin per units

0 5 10 15 20 250

0.5

1

1.5

Harmonic number, k

Am

plitu

de o

f the

k-h

arm

onic

, I (p

u)

1.5

0

Garm12_4k

Garm12_8k

251 k

ConclusionConclusionResearch results have shown that the new type

SRD:� supports more effective electromechanical

conversion of energy;� has more high mutual inductance;� has approximately two times lower average static

torque;� has two time lower voltage pulses frequency;� has approximately two time lower rated power;� has lower torque ripple;� has lower level vibrationthan the conventional SRD.

Optimization of SRM by Genetic Algorithm.Optimization of SRM by Genetic Algorithm.General Flowchart

End

Exit condition

Selection, crossover, mutation

General FlowchartBeginning

Prepare primary population

Yes

Calculation of population’s average cost function Generation of a new population

No

Prepare Preliminary Population Flowchart

End

i>Population Size

i=i+1

Individual[i]=RealToBinary(RND*2CL)

Prepare Preliminary Population Flowchart

Beginning

i=1

No

Yes

Calculation of population’s average cost function. Generation of a new population

i=i+1j>Copies

j=j+1

IndividualNP[m]=IndividualOP[i]j=1, m=m+1

Copies>0

Copies=INT(Fi/Fave)

i=1, m=0

Fave= 1

1 PopulationSize

ii

FPopulationSize

�

�

Beginning

YesNo

NoYes

i>Population Size EndYesNo

Selection FlowchartSelection Flowchart

End

i>Population Size

i=i+2

Crossover, mutation

Father=IndividualNP(INT(RND+PopulationSize))Mother=IndividualNP(INT(RND+PopulationSize))

i=0

Yes

Beginning

No

Crossover FlowchartCrossover Flowchart

End

i=i+1No

i>BitSize

Mutation

Daughter[Position]=Father[Position]

Mutation

Son[Position]=Mother[Position]

Position=INT(RND*ChromosomeLength )

i=1

Son=FatherDaughter=Mother

Beginning

Yes

Mutation Flowchart

Individual[Bit]=Individual[not(Bit)]

Bit=INT[RND*ChromosomeLength]

Mutation Flowchart

End

BeginningNo

0.5<RND<0.5+PMYes