: : , , ; , , ; , ; , , ; , ; . , , ; . , , ; , ; , ; , , ; , ; , ; , .

:

:

. LIII. : , . 38 . E-mail : vig@mod.gov.rs. 20-63-567 20-63-476; . 29-567 29-476. . 1000 . 600 . : 1912. .

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355.48(497)"1443/1444" ; 94(497.11)"143/144"

, E-mail: milomir.maksimovic84@gmail.com

1443/1444. *

: , , -, , -, -, , , ,, (1443/1444. ). - . : , , , -, , , -, , , XV . ,

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, , - , , , -, . -, , , , . - , , - .36

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. , , , . , . - , -, , . - . . , , . , - , , . - , , - .45 -. - (Johannes Cuspinianus) De caesaribus atque impera-toribus Romanis, XVI , - , -, .46 - , , - . , - , , . , , - ,

45 C. Imber, .., . 4851. 46 . Et licet magnam

Serviae partem recuperasset, non tamen Georgio despoto Omnia restituit: sed multa amicis, quod sua virtute repulisset hostes, donavit. Praeterea cum Despotus medius in-ter Hungaros ac Turcos, nunc hos nunc illos fefellisset, in religione quoque neque Roma-nae ecclesiae auscultaret, neque Mahometis legem sequeretur, erat Huniadi fides Geor-gii suspecta. D. Konig, Nachrichten uber ura Brankovi in Johannes Cuspinians Werk, De caesaribus atque imperatoribus Romani, Prilozi za knjievnost, jezik, riju i folklor, 6869(1-4)/2002-2003, Beograd, 2003, . 160, 161. , . . , .., . 115, 118.

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271; . , , . 280, 281. 49 : Postquam intravim-

nus Rassiam, venerunt ad dominum despotum ex Rassianis ultro octo milia equestrium et pedestrium; venit eciam ad eundem ex Bossina quidam vayvoda vocatus dominus Pe-trus Cohacz cum equitibus VIC vel VIIC. N. Iorga, ., . 109.

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53 C. Imber, ., . 62.

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, --. , - .54 . , - - , . , - , -.55 . , . , , . -, . , .56 - . , -, , - - . -, , , - , . -, . - , - , , . - , , . , -, -, - , , - .57

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, , - . - (/ ) ( . 1).

. 1:

( . ) , ,

. , - . .74

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, , , - . . - , - , , - .75 , .76 , 22. 1444. -. , , , - , - .77 , , - -.78 , . - - 11. 1444. . . - , - .79 , . , - , 1444. , - .80

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, . 285. 78 (Michel Beheim)

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, . , , , -. , , , wagenburg. , - - () 1689. - - 1878. . - , -, 1444. .

Milomir Maksimovi, MA

SERBS AND LONG CAMPAIGN 1443/1444

(Summary) In the long history of the crusades, the Long Campaign was the only holy

war against the enemies of Christianity in which Serbs took part, and it was the only crusade which was led by a Serbian ruler. Also, it was the only crusade which had had, as one of its leaders, an Orthodox Christian monarch. Despot George (ura) Brankovi saw an opportunity for the restoration of the Ser-bian despotate in this campaign. However, it should be noted, that the idea of a crusade, under the Popes patronage, in which the Ottomans would be expelled from Europe, was present in the minds of the Serbian rulers, since the time of the tsar Stefan Duan. In the Long War, Serbs had a significant role, especially despot George. He was one of the main propagators of the war and one of its main financiers (His estimated wealth of 170 000 ducats, which he deposited in Dubrovnik, show that he was among the wealthiest monarchs of his time). He was also most experienced strategists, a highly-esteemed member of the War Council, whose opinion was always welcomed in critical situations. Historical sources call him ''pathfinder''- considering his engagement in wars of Bayazit's sons, he had excellent knowledge of paths between Belgrade and Consan-tinople,. During the campaign despot had a couple of conflicts with John Hun- , - .

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yadi, the campaigns main strategist. The first conflict was in 1443, concerning the continuation of war operations during the cold winter, and the second one was in January of 1444, concerning the retreat of the army into Hungary. If we accept modern historical estimates, that the crusader army numbered around 25 000 warriors, and considering the claim from cardinal's letter, that 8000 Serbian cavalry and infantrymen under the despot's command were part of that army, along with despots troops that marched from Hungary, as true, then the conclusion is that the Serbs (and others under despots command) made up the third of the Christian coalition's entire force. During the war operations a sig-nificant part of the Serbian Despotate had been liberated (territory placed be-tween various cities and castles: TeoakBelgradeBovanNiPirotNovo Br-do Srebrenica). The retreat of the crusade army caused these achievements to be only temporary. Hungarian delay of new war operations and renewed Otto-man conquest of Serbian cities had forced despot George into an attempt to re-store his Despotate peacefully, through negotiations with the sultan, which, in turn, had huge consequences for the next crusader campaign, that ended with the defeat of Christian forces at Varna. It is worth mentioning that two greatest victories of Christian forces, the one at Ni and the one at Kunovica, because of which the contemporaries gained an impression of triumph over the Ottomans, were achieved on the battlefields of Serbian Despotate. The bold campaign of 14431444 was the deepest breakthrough of the Christian armies into the terri-tory of Ottoman empire, up until the Great Turkish war of 1689 and Russian-Turkish war of 1878. Even though this campaign is generally considered as un-successful by the western historians, from the Serbian perspective, it was very important in context of the restoration of the Serbian state in summer of 1444.

01. Prednji impresum 2013Srbi i Duga Vojna

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/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure true /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles true /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /NA /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /LeaveUntagged /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 600 /GrayImageDepth 8 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.00000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /FlateEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages false /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 600 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile (None) /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False

/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure true /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles true /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /NA /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /LeaveUntagged /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice